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Rodríguez, Hurtado Mario Pablo. "Constitutionalization of procedural law and its impact in standard legislation reform, CPP (Criminal Procedure Code) and in criminal justice system." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2013. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/116463.
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This article examines the close relationship between criminal procedure and constitutional law within a democratic State framework as well as the guarantees provided from a constitutional point of view in accordance with the current context of human rights globalization. Then, the author approaches us to criminal procedure main principles and guarantees, procedural models historically formed. Finally, it presents an interesting Criminal Procedural Code analysis describing guarantees, principles and procedural models recognized in our country.Este artículo reflexiona sobre la estrecha relación entre el proceso penal y el derecho constitucional en el marco de un Estado democrático, así como sobre las garantías que debe brindar desde la óptica constitucional y en el actual contexto de globalización de los derechos humanos. A continuación nos aproxima a los principales principios y garantías del proceso penal, y a los modelos procesales históricamente configurados. Finalmente, el artículo nos presenta un interesante análisis de Código Procesal Penal, describiendo las garantías, principios y modelo procesal reconocido de nuestro país.
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German, Peter Maurice. "Confiscating the proceeds of crime : the amendments to Canada's Criminal Code, their force and effect." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28825.
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This thesis examines the amendments to Canada's Criminal Code which target the proceeds of crime by, inter alia, criminalizing money laundering and enabling the confiscation of assets. The amendments represent the central thrust of Canada's contribution in a global effort to stem the traffic in illicit drugs, Canada belatedly following the lead of the United States, Great Britain and Australia.
In the thesis, I argue that the amendments go much further than earlier crime control initiatives and represent a paradigmatic shift from the traditional, single transaction, individual-oriented structure of criminal law to one which is both property-driven and premised upon multiple-transactions perpetrated by criminal organizations. The amendments focus on the proceeds of crime, as opposed to the offender, individual or corporate, their avowed purpose being to neutralize criminal organizations rather than punish offenders.
The effectiveness of the amendments is inexorably tied to the speed by which criminal proceeds can be seized or restrained and thus they operate prospectively, in anticipation of a later conviction. In order to accomplish their objectives, the amendments draw upon concepts previously the preserve of the private law of contract and tort, introducing some which are foreign to the classic norms and traditions of criminal law and sentencing, both substantive and procedural.
The thesis examines the amendments from both a textual and a Charter perspective. In so doing, considerable emphasis is accorded the presumption of innocence, a strong legitimating force in criminal law. Integral to the presumption is the Crown's burden of proof - beyond a reasonable doubt. The legislation's adoption of the civil balance of probabilities test is, therefore, considered its weakest link. Other aspects of the legislation give rise to interpretive and Charter challenges.
The thesis also discusses the need for tracing mechanisms, mandatory financial transaction reporting, the development of a strike force approach to implementation and a sharing of proceeds by law enforcement agencies. Further, the thesis decries any use of the legislation as a tool for plea bargaining or to target petty criminals.Law, Peter A. Allard School of
Graduate
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Jupp, John. "Legal transplants as tools for the reform of Afghanistan's criminal law framework : an evaluation of the Interim Criminal Procedure Code 2004 and the Counter Narcotics Law 2005." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2012. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/39232/.
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The criminal law frameworks of countries that have been the subject of international peacekeeping operations and military interventions often reveal an urgent requirement for reform. Destabilised by conflict, existing frameworks may be discriminatory and inconsistent with international human rights and due process standards. New law may be imperative to promote the development of fair and effective justice systems, rule of law and transitions from conflict to peace. While the transplantation of readily-available law can be an appealing solution a fundamental concern for legislators is whether it represents a reasonable and effective mechanism for developing vital post-intervention criminal law reform. This thesis addresses this issue by examining the Interim Criminal Procedure Code 2004 and the Counter Narcotics Law 2005, two laws developed by legal transplantation in Afghanistan, the most recent example of a country where the international community is engaged in post-intervention criminal law reform. It does this by firstly developing a new evaluative test developed from an examination of theoretical perspectives on transplant feasibility. It then applies this test using quantitative data supported by original qualitative research from interviews with senior Afghan and international legal personnel. It finds that neither law has been successful. Their transplanted content and the processes of transplantation have reduced the extent to which they have been accepted and achieved their objectives and have increased their potential to be ‘lethal' transplants capable of promoting injustices, generating destabilising discontent and moderating rule of law promotion. This study questions the assumption that it should always be reasonable to develop post-intervention criminal law by means of legal transplantation. The reasonableness of relying on legal transplantation will depend on the sensitivity with which it is employed, requiring knowledge of legal transplant feasibility, local history and legal traditions and the prior application of the proposed evaluative test to assess potential receptivity.
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Hoppe, Harold. "O consenso como meio de simplificação do procedimento criminal : perspectivas e possibilidades no processo penal brasileiro." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/180890.
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O objetivo do presente estudo é analisar como o consenso tem sido utilizado para abreviar, interromper ou encerrar antecipadamente o procedimento criminal. A inserção do consenso ou dos acordos entre acusação e defesa nos sistemas jurídicos de civil law exigiu a abertura de espaços de oportunidade ao exercício da ação penal (princípio da legalidade), e tem contribuído para a superação da ideia de que todo o processo penal deve contar sempre com as fases preliminar, intermediária e decisória. O estudo de Direito Comparado revela como Itália, Alemanha e Espanha incorporaram as soluções negociadas norte-americanas em seus respectivos ordenamentos, ora oferecendo soluções diversionistas à aplicação da lei penal, ora admitindo que a declaração de culpa e a consequente aplicação da pena tomem em conta o acordo firmado entre acusação e defesa. A pesquisa prossegue com a averiguação dos principais óbices à admissibilidade dos acordos no processo penal, notadamente a eventual violação aos direitos ao silêncio e de não produzir prova contra si mesmo, e a suposta privatização do processo com a admissão de uma verdade consensuada. Diante deste cenário internacional, analisam-se as alterações legislativas levadas a efeito pelo Brasil para admitir os acordos em seu processo penal, bem como a principal inovação no projeto de novo Código Processual Penal brasileiro: os acordos penais. O estudo conclui que o consenso não é incompatível com os princípios e valores do devido processo legal, mas reconhece a necessidade de aprimoramento dos mecanismos de controle judicial daquele, salvaguardas essas que não só protegem o acusado mas também reforçam a natureza pública e indisponível do processo penal.The purpose of the present study is to analyze how the consensus has been used to shorten, interrupt or close the criminal procedure in advance. The insertion of consensus or agreements between prosecution and defense in the civil law legal systems has required the opening of opportunities for criminal prosecution (the principle of legality), and has contributed to overcoming the idea that all criminal proceedings must always have the preliminary, intermediate and decision-making phases. The Comparative Law Study reveals how Italy, Germany, and Spain incorporated US negotiated solutions into their respective jurisdictions, sometimes offering diversionary solutions to the application of criminal law, or assuming that the guilty plea and the consequent application of the penalty take into account the agreement between accusation and defense. The investigation proceeds with the investigation of the main obstacles to the admissibility of the agreements in criminal proceedings, namely the possible violation of the rights to silence and of not producing evidence against itself, and the supposed privatization of the process with the admission of a truth agreed upon. In view of this international scenario, we analyze the legislative changes carried out in Brazil to admit the agreements in the criminal process, as well as the main innovation present in the draft new Brazilian Criminal Procedure Code: penal agreements. The study concludes that consensus is not inconsistent with the principles and values of due process, but recognizes the need to improve judicial control mechanisms, which safeguards not only protect the accused but also reinforce the public nature and unavailability of criminal proceedings.
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Seck, Sellé. "La responsabilité pénale du journaliste et les délits de presse au Sénégal : une contribution à l'effectivité de la liberté de la presse." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM1047.
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La constitution du 22 janvier 2001 dispose expressément que la République du Sénégal garantit la liberté de la presse et le droit à l’information plurielle. Néanmoins, le journaliste sénégalais est resté justiciable des codes pénal et de procédure pénale, adoptés dans l’élan répressif des années 1960. Ce droit pénal commun qui intègre paradoxalement la loi française spéciale du 29 juillet 1881 sur la liberté de la presse, héritée de la colonisation, apparaît comme dépassé par l’évolution de la démocratie sénégalaise et l’aspiration du peuple à l’épanouissement et au progrès social. L’activité journalistique est une activité potentiellement délinquantielle. Il peut arriver que le journaliste abuse de la liberté d’expression en foulant au pied la loi et les règles de la déontologie de sa profession. La justice du droit pénal a vocation à lui être applicable. Mais, ce constat ne doit point occulter la nécessité dans laquelle se trouve le législateur de rendre sauve la liberté de la presse dans l’exercice de sa compétence exclusive de fixation et de détermination des abus intolérables de ladite liberté. Pour ce faire, l’adoption d’une législation spéciale, détachée de l’emprise tutélaire des codes pénal et de procédure pénale, s’impose. C’est une condition nécessaire, mais non suffisante. La prévisibilité de la loi applicable à la responsabilité pénale du professionnel de l’information, l’indépendance du juge qui l’applique, la non-ingérence du pouvoir politique dans la liberté d’informer du journaliste sont autant de conditions nécessaires à la répression des abus de la liberté de la presseSenegalese Constitution dated 22th January 2001 clearly provides that the country guarantees the freedom of the press and the right to multi-sourced information. And yet the Senegalese journalist remains subject to the Criminal Code and the Code of Criminal Procedure adopted in the repressive surge of the 1960’s.The local Criminal law which paradoxically includes French special 29th July 1881 Act on the freedom of the press seems outdated and overtaken by the evolution of the Senegalese democracy and the people’s yearning for development and social progress. The journalistic activity potentially brings forth offences. The journalist may take too much advantage of the freedom of the press violating thereby the law and his own deontology. Criminal law justice must therefore be applicable to them. However this must not conceal the law-maker‘s necessity to safeguard the freedom of the press. To that end it is necessary to set up a special legislation free from the Criminal Code and from the Code of Criminal Procedure. This is a necessity though insufficient. The predictability of the law applicable to the criminal liability of the journalist, the independence of the applying judges and the non-interference of the political power in the journalist’s freedom of speech are prerequisites to the repression of the abuses of the freedom of the press. Our present thesis aims on the one hand to diagnose the criminal liability regime of the Senegalese journalist and also to prove the inadequacy of the criminal law with its legal liability. We will then suggest a particular criminal liability system more respectful of the freedom of the press
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Belina, Filho Inácio. "Tribunal do Júri: As alterações promovidas pela lei nº. 11.689/08 em atendimento ao princípio da Duração Razoável do Processo." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2010. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/2779.
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Previous issue date: 2010-05-25This present study aims to analyze the institute of the Jury Trial under two plans: the first has a constitutional nature, emphasizing its origin, its historical evolution both inside and outside the giant of South America", pointing out its position in the Federal Constitution of 1988, as a fundamental right; the second one examines all the regulation foreseen in the Decree-Law n#. 3689/41 (Code of Criminal Procedure) emphasizing the challenging controversies implemented by the Law 11.689/2008, which triggered profound changes throughout the procedure, both first degree and in the appellate stage. From a critic perspective, this paper work seeks to study the mentioned reform investigating whether these changes have brought benefits to forensic routine or if they were mere political rhetoric.
O presente estudo tem por escopo analisar o instituto do Tribunal do Júri sob dois planos: o primeiro, de natureza constitucional, ressalta sua origem, sua evolução histórica tanto fora quanto dentro do gigante da América do Sul , salientando, sua posição na Constituição Federal de 1988, enquanto direito fundamental; já o segundo, disseca toda a regulamentação prevista no Decreto Lei nº. 3.689/41 (Código de Processo Penal), enfatizando as controvérsias desafiadoras implementadas pela Lei nº. 11.689/2008 à luz do princípio da duração razoável do processo, que desencadeou profundas transformações em todo o procedimento, tanto de 1º grau quanto na fase recursal. De forma critica, procura-se estudar a citada reforma, apurando se tais alterações trouxeram benefícios no cotidiano forense ou se foram mera retórica política.
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Harun, Mohd Baharudin. "Criminal responsibility under the Malaysian penal code." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/21291.
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This study examines the criminal responsibility under the Malaysian Penal Code. The first chapter traces the historical background of Malaysia and of the Code. The legal treatment of the issue of criminal responsibility begins in Chapter Two with the discussion of actus reus and mens rea which are the two basic components of criminal liability. A comparative approach has been adopted in the treatment of the subject. Thus, comparison of the position under the Common law and under the Penal Code as regards criminal responsibility continues to be the theme throughout this study. Chapter Three examines a particular kind of liability i.e. strict liability. The meaning, historical background, rationale and development of strict liability offences are dealt with here. In Chapter Four, this study turns to consider the defences to strict liability offences namely act related defences, defences based on lack of negligence and fault and defences provided by the statutes. The study concludes in Chapter Five by considering the issue of mistake and ignorance of law. The newly emerging defence of officially induced error is also examined here.
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SILVA, REGINA DE SOUZA FERREIRA LIMA DA. "LINGUISTIC ASPECTS OF CRIMINAL NORMS IN THE BRAZILIAN PENAL CODE." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2003. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=4279@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROEmpreende-se no trabalho a análise lingüística do texto legal-penal, com base nas normas penais incriminadoras contidas no Código Penal Brasileiro, buscando identificar as propriedades formais destas e ressaltando aspectos da estrutura sintática das mesmas e da semântica do desvalor nelas refletido. O estudo visa a refutar a idéia (extremamente difundida entre os penalistas) de que o verbo seria o elemento nuclear dos tipos penais. Isto é feito demonstrando-se que, muitas vezes, não é no verbo que reside o cerne do desvalor enfocado nas normas incriminadoras. Pois, se é fato que o desvalor de conduta se expressa notadamente por meio dele, o desvalor de resultado se concentra nos complementos verbais e/ou nos adjuntos na descrição do tipo. Assim sendo, o verbo, tomado isoladamente, é com freqüência insuficiente para caracterizar a ação/omissão humana desvalorada, particularmente quando o desvalor é predominantemente de resultado. Nesses casos, o verbo deve ser considerado em conjunto com seus complementos e com os adjuntos presentes no tipo, para se determinar o que a norma penal incriminadora pretende evitar/reprimir. Identificam-se nessa análise, quatro classes de verbos - os intrinsecamente negativos, os negativos moldáveis, os neutros e os positivos moldáveis.
This work undertakes the linguistic analysis of the criminal law text based on the criminal norms comprised in the Brazilian Penal Code. It aims at identifying their formal properties and at stressing some aspects of the syntactic structure of such norms and of the semantics of the devalue (negative value) reflected in them. The study intends to refute the idea (largely spread among criminalists) that the verb is the nuclear element in the description of penal types. This is done by demonstrating that the devalue focused in criminal norms often does not dwell in the verb. For, if it is a fact that the devalued conduct is usually conveyed by the verb, the devalued result lies basically on verbal complements and on adjunctive phrases in the type description. Thus, the verb, taken by itself, is usually insufficient to characterize the devalued human action/omission, particularly when the devalue resides predominantly in its result. In such cases, in determining what exactly the criminal norm aims at avoiding/repressing, the verb must be taken into account in association with its complements and with the adjunctive expressions present in the type description. In this analysis, four verb classes are identified, namely those of intrinsically negative, adaptable negative, neutral and adaptable positive verbs.
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Brown, Elizabeth. "Statutory interpretation and mens rea in non-criminal code offences." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5779.
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Milinis, Albertas. "Criminal Liability for Murder without Circumstances Aggravating and Mitigating (Part 1 Art. 129 of the Criminal Code)." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2009. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2009~D_20090507_135323-23627.
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Subject of the dissertation research – analysis of the body of murder without circumstances aggravating and mitigating its gravity provided for in Part 1 Art. 129 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Lithuania as well as analysis of theoretical and practical problems that arise upon qualifying these criminal acts. The goal of this research is to reveal a concept of murder without circumstances aggravating and mitigating its gravity where punishment is imposed in accordance with Part 1 Art. 129 of the CC of the Republic of Lithuania, to analyse attributes of this criminal act, to raise theoretical and practical problems of qualification of the analysed criminal act and to make proposals for solution of these problems.Disertacijos tyrimo dalykas – nužudymo be jo pavojingumą didinančių ir mažinančių aplinkybių, numatyto Lietuvos Respublikos baudžiamojo kodekso (toliau tekste – LR BK) 129 str. 1 d., sudėties analizė bei teorinių ir praktinių problemų, kylančių kvalifikuojant šias nusikalstamas veikas, tyrimas. Disertacijos tyrimo tikslas – atskleisti nužudymo be jo pavojingumą didinančių ar mažinančių aplinkybių, už kurį kyla baudžiamoji atsakomybė pagal LR BK 129 straipsnio 1 dalį, sampratą, išanalizuoti šios nusikalstamos veikos požymius, iškelti nagrinėjamos nusikalstamos veikos teorines ir praktines kvalifikavimo problemas bei pateikti pasiūlymus šių problemų sprendimui.
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Webber, Jason J. "Indiana Criminal Code 9-30-2-2 who does it protect? /." [Muncie, Ind.] : Ball State University, 2008. http://cardinalscholar.bsu.edu/375.
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Schwartz, Joanie. "The criminal code and the English media in 19th century Canada." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6905.
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The principle objective of this study is to examine how penal codification was received and interpreted by the media. The media sources to be used are English newspapers and professional legal English Journals. With respect to the legal journals three journals were selected (two from Ontario, one from Quebec where they already experienced codification). The period examined is from each journal's founding date until 1900. Therefore, the examination of the Legal News was from 1886-1900, the Canada Law Journal was from 1855-1900, and the Canadian Law Times was from 1881-1900. It should be noted that the Canada Law Journal was the successor of the Upper Canada Law Journal beginning in 1868. The three newspapers examined for this study representing either the conservative, liberal or radical label were: The Montreal Gazette (conservative), The Toronto Globe (liberal) and The Toronto Mail (radical). The period examined was 1886-1893 for the two former newspapers and 1890, 1891 and 1892 for the latter newspaper. All articles relating to the criminal law, the criminal code and codification were analyzed for both sources of data. In examining what opinions were expressed this study attempted to establish whether the focus was on codification or specific topics of the code as well as whether the reactions to the code, if any, changed after its inception. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Faulkner, Natalie. "Section 24 of the criminal code : navigating veracity and verisimilitude in verbatim theatre." Queensland University of Technology, 2007. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16641/.
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This research project comprises a stage play Section 24 of the Criminal Code, and accompanying exegesis, which focuses upon the experience of a woman accessing the Criminal Justice system after she is raped. The play is in the verbatim model and draws upon court transcript, which is deconstructed to reveal the workings of Defence counsel 'storylines' and meta-narratives of gender, sexual availability and power. The exegesis investigates attitudes toward rape and rape victims perpetuated by Australian popular culture, and the way that myths about false rape complaints and 'deserving victims' continue to influence the reporting and conviction rates for rape. The thesis argues that recent reforms have yet to make an impact on the conviction rate or experience of women accessing the Justice system, because of entrenched misogyny within the system itself. Several factors contribute to widespread ignorance of the reality of our own Criminal Justice system, and the thesis proposes that a work of verbatim theatre may redress the paucity of understanding that enables the dysfunction of the current system. The paper explores the different approaches taken by Verbatim theatre practitioners and the appropriateness of the Verbatim theatre model for communicating this particular (lived) experience. Questions of ownership over one's story, and representation in that story indicate the emancipatory potential of a work. Where practitioners do not have a personal connection to their subject matter or material and access material that is already in the public domain, they may feel a greater freedom to manipulate story and character for dramatic effect, or to suit an activist agenda for change. It is shown that a playwright with a personal connection to her material and subject must address issues of ownership, ethical representation, veracity and verisimilitude when creating a piece of verbatim theatre. Preferencing the truth of the Complainant Woman's experience over the orthodoxies of the well-made play may contribute to a negative response to the work from male audiences. However, the thesis concludes that the subject of rape and its prosecution invokes a gendered response in itself, and ultimately questions the desirability of presenting a play that delivers a palatable story rather than an unpleasant truth.
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Rojas-Gaona, Carlos E. "Adoption of Street Code Attitudes among Latinos and its Effects on Criminal Offending." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1470043664.
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Ruiz, Baltazar Carmen, and Ramírez Walter Palomino. "Incorporation of the autonomous liability of corporate bodies in the opinion on the new Criminal Code: do I need now a criminal compliance?" THĒMIS-Revista de Derecho, 2016. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/107690.
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Currently, different legal systems are starting to demand criminal responsibility of corporate bodies. The Opinion on the New Criminal Code, prepared by the Justice and Human Rights Commission of the Congress of the Republic of Peru, follows this trend, proposing an exemption from liability in case the corporate body counts with a criminal compliance.Given this situation, in this article, the authors answer the arising questions: what does criminal compliance stands for? What are the accessory consequences of the criminal liability of corporate bodies in our current legislation? What are the novelties that the Opinion on the New Criminal Code introduces?Actualmente, diversas legislaciones están comenzando a exigir la responsabilidad penal de las personas jurídicas. El Dictamen del Nuevo Código Penal, elaborado por la Comisión de Justicia y Derechos Humanos del Congreso de la República, sigue esta corriente, planteando la excepción de responsabilidad en el caso de contar con un criminal compliance.Frente a tal realidad, los autores responden a las cuestiones que surgen: ¿en qué consiste el criminal compliance? ¿Cuáles son las consecuencias accesorias de la responsabilidad penal de las personas jurídicas en nuestra actual legislación? ¿Qué novedades trae la propuesta del Dictamen del Nuevo Código Penal?
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Lyon, David R. "The characteristics of stalkers in British Columbia, a statistical comparison of persons charged with criminal harassment and persons charged with other criminal code offences." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq24193.pdf.
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Son, Misuk. "Straftatfolgen im deutschen und koreanischen Strafrecht : ein prinzipieller Vergleich /." Frankfurt am Main [u.a.] : Lang, 2004. http://www.gbv.de/dms/sbb-berlin/396425887.pdf.
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Duggan, William E. "The institute of suspension a comparison between Canons 2278-2285 of the 1917 Code of Canon Law and Canons 1333-1335 of the 1983 revised Code of Canon Law /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2005. http://www.tren.com.
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Erb, Julie Belinda. "Judicial review of parole ineligibility (Criminal Code section 745) and the views of the public." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/10035.
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This thesis explores the highly controversial provision that gives life sentence prisoners the opportunity to apply for a reduction in their original periods of parole ineligibility. Section 745 (s.745) of the Criminal Code was created in 1976 when capital punishment was abolished and the penalty structure for the crime of homicide was revised. Recognizing that offenders convicted of first (and to a lesser extent) second degree murder would now spend considerable periods of time behind bars, legislators created a mechanism to allow for review of the changes that may take place in this new group of prisoners over the years. Critics contend that s.745 represents a loophole in the law and must be abolished. Advocates maintain that s.745 is part and parcel of the life sentence created in 1976 and should remain intact in its original form. At first glance it would appear that the public are opposed to s.745. Yet a paradox exists, namely, that it is members from the same communities where opposition abounds who are sitting on juries and granting reductions in parole ineligibility. The purpose of this thesis was to research the previously unexplored area of public opinion and s.745 in order to study the existence of this paradox. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Lyons, John Patrick. "A comparative study of imputability in selected portions of canons 1321-1324 of the Code of canon law and the criminal laws of the state of Arizona." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1996. http://www.tren.com.
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Braiden, Patricia Lynn. "Wrongful convictions and section 690 of the Criminal Code, an analysis of Canada's last-resort remedy." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ51304.pdf.
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Durigan, Gisele Mara. "Informação para tomada de decisão na Polícia Civil do Paraná : a influência dos processos de análise criminal e de inteligência policial." Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Centro de Educação, Comunicação e Artes. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Gestão da Informação, 2011. http://www.bibliotecadigital.uel.br/document/?code=vtls000173850.
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Este estudo investigou a influência das informações decorrentes dos processos de análise criminal e de inteligência policial na tomada de decisão da Polícia Civil do Paraná. A análise criminal consiste, basicamente, na utilização de métodos para o planejamento de políticas e ações em segurança pública, com a obtenção de informações, sua organização, análise, interpretação e, por fim, delas obter conclusões embasadoras para o processo de tomada de decisão. O gerenciamento policial estratégico, ao se utilizar da inteligência policial, visa à melhoria no desempenho das forças policiais, com base principalmente na utilização da tecnologia e da gestão da informação e da comunicação. Dentro desse contexto, o objetivo deste projeto foi analisar a contribuição das informações decorrentes da análise criminal e da inteligência policial no processo decisório na atividade da Polícia Civil do Estado do Paraná. Para a coleta de dados foi utilizada a entrevista, aplicada em profissionais da Coordenadoria de Análise e Planejamento Estratégico CAPE e delegados de Polícia Civil do Estado do Paraná. Os resultados obtidos nesta pesquisa apontaram o Boletim de Ocorrência Unificado BOU como o principal tipo e fonte de informação para a atividade de segurança pública. A pesquisa também demonstrou ser imprescindível o uso de sistemas de informação como apoio à produção de conhecimento, como ferramentas para a análise criminal, para subsidiar estratégias de inteligência policial. O estudo possibilitou analisar a qualidade da informação contida no BOU, para subsídio dos processos decisórios, para que os analistas criminais tomem ciência da importância da informação no decorrer de suas atividades, bem como a Autoridade Policial encontre elementos que direcionem o processo de tomada de decisão na atividade de polícia judiciária. Evidenciou-se, assim, que, com a execução da análise criminal, os organismos policiais civis do Estado do Paraná se apresentam melhor assessorados no processo de tomada de decisões para emprego do policiamento judiciário, inclusive mais preparados para atender às necessidades informacionais para as atividades de inteligência de segurança pública, pois se constitui em um meio hábil a identificar locais de maior incidência de crimes, com a determinação de tendências de fenômenos criminais em certas áreas, ao apontar fatores que contribuem para esta incidência, o que leva a uma melhor tomada de decisão, tanto para a prevenção quanto para a repressão do fenômeno criminógeno.The present study has investigated the influence of information upon crime analysis processes and Police Intelligence in decision-making by the Paraná State Civil Police. Crime analysis basically entails the use of methods in planning policies and actions for public safety, through obtaining information, its organization, analysis, interpretation and, in the end, reach conclusions that will substantiate the decisionmaking process. Strategic police management aims to improve the performance of police forces, based mainly on the use of technology and information and communication management. Within this context, the main objective to this paper was to analyze the contribution of the information obtained in crime analysis and police intelligence in the process of decision-making on the Paraná State Civil Police activity. Data was gathered through interviews applied to CAPE professionals and Paraná State Civil Police commissioners. Results obtained pointed out Police Reports (BOU - Boletim de Ocorrência Unificado) as being the main kind and source of information for public safety activity. The research also showed the uttermost relevance of the use of information systems to support knowledge production as a tool for crime analysis, to ground police intelligence strategies. The study has made it possible to analyze the quality of the information contained in the Police Reports (Boletim de Ocorrência Unificado) as a foundation for the decision-making processes, so that crime analysts are aware of the relevance of the information in their operations, and Police Authorities find elements that will guide the decision-making process in the judiciary police activity. It has been found that with crime analysis execution the civil police departments in the Paraná State are better substantiated in the process of decision-making to apply judiciary police operations. They are also better prepared to attend to information demands for the activities of the public safety intelligence. It is in itself an efficient means to spot major crime areas, to determine crime phenomenon tendencies as it points out factors that contribute to this incidence. This leads to improved decision-making, both catering for prevention as well as crime repression.
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Nascimento, Elisa Gattás Fernandes do. "A tutela penal dos direitos autorais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2136/tde-06112015-155551/.
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O presente estudo tem como objeto a norma contida no artigo 184 do Código Penal, consistente no crime de violar direitos de autor e os que lhe são conexos. A ideia central da pesquisa é perceber as raízes e a finalidade da criminalização das condutas violadoras que, em certa extensão, revelam a eventual dignidade do bem jurídico penal e, aliada à eventual necessidade, fundamenta a manutenção do dispositivo no ordenamento jurídico. Nesse contexto, a preliminar delimitação do bem jurídico penalmente protegido se mostra indispensável para a compreensão da matéria proibida, bem como para o processo de interpretação casuístico. Contudo, o tema é controverso, haja vista que a criminalização das infrações aos direitos intelectuais de forma geral não é consenso entre os penalistas ao redor do mundo, assim como a efetiva aplicação das respectivas penalidades pelos magistrados brasileiros. Isso porque equivocadamente se entende que os direitos de autor seriam, em analogia aos demais direitos intelectuais, uma espécie de direito de propriedade, e a incriminação das condutas infratoras teria por finalidade única a tutela do direito exclusivo de exploração econômica de sua criação ou invento. Da referida análise concluiu-se que, diferentemente dos direitos de Propriedade Industrial, os autorais não se resumem a direitos de cunho patrimonial. O sistema francês denominado Droit d Auteur, absorvido pela legislação brasileira, está guiado para a proteção do autor enquanto criador, de sua personalidade e individualidade, e se concretiza pela concessão de um direito exclusivo de participação pela utilização econômica de sua criação. Trata-se, pois, de um Direito sui generis, haja vista a índole imaterial de seu objeto, bem como sua natureza jurídica peculiar, que o aparta dos demais direitos privados. Portanto, sua colocação em risco produz, de forma mediata, prejuízos a toda a sociedade, como o desincentivo dos esforços e investimentos realizados por sujeitos interventores no processo criativo e comercial, e, consequentemente, a diminuição do progresso técnico, econômico, cultural e social. Concluiu-se, desse modo, que os direitos de autor são dignos da tutela penal ante a seriedade das lesões aos direitos de autor e as consequências nocivas para o livre desenvolvimento da comunidade. Igualmente, a tutela faz-se necessária e adequada diante da falibilidade dos meios de proteção menos gravosos, tal qual a via administrativa e a civil. Por outro lado, criticou-se a previsão normativa contida no caput do artigo 184, em termos de oportunidade, porque a incriminação genérica de toda a esfera do Direito de Autor degenera a finalidade do Direito Penal e, em termos de legalidade, porque carece da determinação, fundamental ao tipo incriminador, visto que não descreve minimamente a conduta típica de modo a permitir ao destinatário da norma orientar a sua conduta. Tais desacertos trazem consequências danosas tanto para o equilíbrio do sistema penal quanto para a aplicação concreta da norma ao fato concreto. Para tanto, sugeriu-se a criação de uma abertura legal para que a prática da administração da justiça permita, em algumas situações nas quais o castigo penal resulte desproporcional ou ineficaz, minimizá-lo, substituí-lo ou, inclusive, afastá-lo. Do mesmo modo, o sistema penal deve hierarquizar os direitos intelectuais no sentido de atribuir-lhes os valores sociais, econômicos, materiais e espirituais que lhes tenham sido dados pelos ordenamentos jurídicos internacionais, constitucionais e legislativos especiais.The object of the present study is the provision of the article 184 of the Brazilian Criminal Code, consistent on the crime of violating copyright and neighbor rights. The central idea of the research is to identify the background and the purposes of copyright violating conducts criminalization. That understanding, to some extent, reveals the dignity of the legal protected right and, allied with its potential need, justifies the maintenance of the referred provision in the legal system. In that context, the preliminary delimitation of the legal protected right under criminal law shows itself to be essential to comprehend the forbidden behaviors, as well as to the process of interpretation on a case by case basis. The topic is controversial, however, since the criminalization of intellectual property rights infringements is not in consensus among the indoctrinators around the world, as well as the effective execution of the respective penalties this is also the case in the Brazilian magistrates. The reason for that is because copyright is erroneously considered by some a sort of property right similarly to other intellectual property rights and the sole purpose of criminalization would consist on the protection of an exclusive right regarding to the economic exploitation of their creation or invention. From this analysis it was concluded that, unlike industrial property rights, copyright may not be reduced to patrimonial rights. The French system called Droit d\' Auteur, absorbed by the Brazilian legislation, seeks the protection of the author as creator - his personality and individuality - and is materialized by the granting of an exclusive right of participation in the economic use of his creation. This is, therefore, a sui generis right, given the intangible nature of its object, as well as its peculiar legal nature, which separates it from the other private rights. Hence, the threat to such rights produces, indirectly, losses for the whole of society, as the discouragement of the efforts and investments made by the creativity industry, and, subsequently, a reduction in technical, economic, cultural and social progress of the country. It was concluded, therefore, that copyright justifies a criminal protection in face of the seriousness of the injuries to the authors and the harmful consequences for the free development of the community. Also, the criminal safeguard is necessary and appropriate given the failure of other protection fields less severe, such as administrative and civil spheres. On the other hand, the normative contained in the head of article 184 it was criticized, in terms of opportunity and legitimacy. In relation to opportunity because the generic criminalization of the broad field of copyright degenerates the purposes of criminal law. Additionally, vis-à-vis legitimacy, it lacks determination - vital to the incriminating articles , since it does not minimally describe the illegal conduct in order to allow the receiver to guide his behavior. Such misunderstandings have harmful consequences to the balance of the criminal system, as well as to the concrete application of the criminal law. As a result, the creation of a legal breach has been suggested so that the practice of Justices administration allows - in some situations where the criminal punishment will result disproportionate or ineffective to minimize it, replace it or even not to consider it. Likewise, the criminal system must designate the intellectual rights in order to assign them the social, economic, spiritual and material values that have been given by international legal systems, special laws and constitution.
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Pariona, Arana Raúl. "The abuse of authority crime. Dogmatic and political-criminal considerations." THĒMIS-Revista de Derecho, 2016. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/107280.
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In a State governed by the rule of law and respect for institutions, the power is never absolute, but rather a limited one. In that order, when public officials exceed their authority and attributions, the legal system should have a reaction.In the present article, the author realizes an explanation and an analysis about the abuse of authority crime. According to national and international doctrine, and Peruvian jurisprudence, the author presents how to understand the legal right protected, the objective and subjective tipicity, the active and passive subjects, as well as the sanction in this crime.En un Estado democrático de Derecho, el poder nunca es absoluto, sino más bien limitado. En ese sentido, cuando los funcionarios públicos se exceden en sus funciones o atribuciones, corresponde una reacción de parte del ordenamiento.En el presente artículo, el autor realiza una explicación y un análisis sobre el delito de abuso de autoridad. De acuerdo a la doctrina nacional e internacional, y a la jurisprudencia peruana, el autor señala cómo entender el bien jurídico que se protege, la tipicidad objetiva y subjetiva, los sujetos activo y pasivo, así como la pena en este delito.
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Adams, Carole Helen. "#Balance' in pre-trial criminal justice : suspects' experience in the nick under the revised PACE Code of Practice C." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.307469.
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Sizaire, Vincent. "La fragilité de l'ordre pénal républicain : la loi pénale à l'épreuve du bon sens répressif." Thesis, Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100016/document.
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Les bouleversements de plus en plus rapides et violents qui affectent la loi pénale ne sont que le symptôme d'un conflit normatif systémique qui travaille notre droit depuis la codification impériale. Dissimulé depuis l'origine du droit pénal moderne par le mythe de l'équilibre répressif, il voir l'ordre pénal républicain, formellement consacré par le Code pénal de 1810, confronté à une force constante d'érosion contrariant sa mise en œuvre effective et conséquente. Avançant sous l'apparence du bon sens répressif, cette opposition trahit en réalité une hostilité radicale à l'idée de Sûreté, assise sur la résurgence de certains traits saillants d'un absolutisme pénal singulièrement mâtiné des innovations de l'utilitarisme pénal. Sous l'effet d'une double instrumentation du procès pénal qui, sous l'influence du néolibéralisme, se mue progressivement en un outil de gestion coercitive de la déviance et de satisfaction symbolique de la victime, l'époque contemporaine voit le conflit normatif entrer dans une phase critique. Avec le passage du bon sens répressif au réalisme répressif, l'ordre pénal républicain est bientôt menacé d'implosion. De la nécessité de punir à l'émergence d'une impossible principe de précaution pénale, ce sont l'ensemble de ses principes directeurs qui se trouvent remis en cause en leurs fondementsThe faster and faster and violent upheavals which affect the penal law are only the symptom of a systematic normative conflict which works our law since the imperial codification Hidden since the origin of the modern criminal law by the myth of the repressive balance, it to see the penal order republican, formally dedicated by the Penal code of 1810, confronted with a constant strength of erosion opposing its effective and consequent implementation. Moving forward under the appearance of the repressive common sense, this opposition betrays in reality a radical hostility at the idea of safety, based on the resurgence of certain striking lines of a penal absolutism strangely crossbred of the innovations of the penal utilitarianism. Under the influence of a double instrumentation of the penal trial which, under the influence of the neoliberalism, moved gradually one coercive management tool of the abnormality and the symbolic satisfaction of the victim, the contemporary time sees the normative conflict entering a critical phase. With the passage of the repressive common sense in the repressive realism, the republican penal order is soon threatened with implosion. Of the necessity of punishing in the emergence of one impossible principle of penal precaution, it is the set of its guiding principles which are questioned in their foundations
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Tijerino, Adamira. "Section 43 of the Canadian Criminal Code and the constitutionality of the corporal punishment of children, legal and policy issues." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ61506.pdf.
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TSAI, YI-JING, and 蔡依靜. "The Crime Victim Protection in Criminal Procedure－Focus on the Code of Criminal Procedure." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/ra2h6w.
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碩士開南大學
法律學系
104
Taiwan’s criminal litigation system, after transition from the inquisitional doctrine into the reformed adversarial system, together with the domesticalization of International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and international Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, has appeared great emphasis on the human right of the defendant. Relatively the protection of crime victims seems not receiving the same attention. In fact, in a variety of crimes, the life, body, freedom, or property of the crime victims are often suffer the most direct injuries, and the remedy and restitution of damages for crime victims has been an important mission in the various substantive law and positive law regime. However, when we look back and examine the various legal systems regarding to the protection of crime victims, they not only lack protections in the substantive aspects, it is more likely to cause obstacles for the realization of the rights and interests of crime victims in the procedural aspects. In view of international aspect, since the 1970s of 20th century, the international convention or national legislation had already widely developed the requirement of “victim participation” in the criminal procure, such as UN Declaration of basic principles relating to victims of crime and relating to victims of abuse of power of 1985, USA Omnibus Victim and Witness Protection Act of 1982, France loi renforcant la protection desvictimes d`infractions of 1983, etc. As result, the victims shall not only accept evidence investigation as witnesses on "objectivity of participation" basis, but have the right to state opinions or request for cross-examination of witnesses and other evidence investigation, i.e. active “subjectivity of participation” authority. In addition, with reference to the recent White Rose movement resulting from the lenient sentence of girl sexual assault and the return movement of military justice law triggered by soldier abuse incident, they both resulted in the proposed movement pursuing judicial reforms based on "crime victim" position, and also highlighted the helplessness and resentment of general nationals on the judicial status. To eliminate the gap between the judiciary and the people's feelings and enhance credibility, it’s undoubtedly necessary to improve the participation of crime victims in criminal proceedings, which enables their expression of opinions, and avails communication and understanding with judicial officials, in order to have opportunities for better mutual recognition and achieve true realization of substantive rights and interest through participation in such proceedings and convenience principle of procedures.
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LIANG, SHIH-HUA, and 梁世樺. "THE RESEARCH OF ENTRAPMENT—FOCUSING ON THE CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE —." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/49640798854850791851.
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碩士國立臺北大學
法學系
92
The framework of abstract is separated in six chapters. The main content is as follows: Chapter 1 Introduction It explains the motive, range, ways and framework of how I did the research. Chapter 2 The Practice and Concepts of Entrapment It explains the practice of entrapment has the essentiality, and discusses the concept and the demarcation line in law of entrapment. It is for the difference of the adjoining concepts of entrapment. Then it analyzes and introduces the quality and the types of entrapment, and brings up the opinion of the text. Chapter 3 Entrapment and The Privilege and Basis of The Constitution It explains the relation between the privileges and the related principles of the constitution and entrapment. For the purpose of addressing the possibly unconstitutional reasons of entrapment, it enumerates freedom of person, freedom of spirit, the doctrine of rule by law, due process of law, and proportionality. And it is how the execution of entrapment can conform to the constitution. Chapter 4 The Appropriateness of Entrapment It focuses on the entrapment defense theories. In order to find the possible standard of the appropriateness of entrapment, it introduces and analyzes one by one the connotation and the difference of each of the theories, and then brings up the opinion of the text. In thinking about the premise of the constitutional priority, the due process of law as the entrapment defense could be adopted, and it is the standard to test if the execution of entrapment is suitable. Chapter 5 The Disposition and Settlement of Inappropriate Entrapment After ascertaining which standard to test if the execution of entrapment is suitable, it follows to investigate what the effect is. The effects differentiate the substantial effects and the procedural effects, and the viewpoints among them will be discussed, then brings up the opinion of the text. Chapter 6 Conclusion and Proposal It concludes each chapter’s statements and expresses my possibly legislative proposition as the consultation.
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YI, GUO SHIUAN, and 郭玄義. "A Research on the Application and Applicable mutatis mutandis Between Juvenile Code and Criminal Procedure Law." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/33667618242330395338.
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Huang, Shih Yuan, and 黃士元. "The remedies for the victims protection of the economic criminal property right—the legislative revision opinions upon adhesionprocess in our criminal procedure code from the constitutional viewpoint." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/13874934178883400093.
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碩士國立政治大學
法學院碩士在職專班
99
Economic crime in Taiwan is defined by the administrative regulations of the Judicial Yuan and the Ministry of Justice, respectively. Such regulations are aimed at financial crimes that damage personal property. Because the proceeds of economic crimes are “quasi-kondiktionelle Ausgleichsmaßnahme”, the courts should seize the profits, and then use them to either compensate victims or confiscate them in the name of serving justice. So long as this offense is contradictory to criminal law (i.e. constituting the penal code and finding no specific legal cause for that offense), the courts need not review the problem of offender's guilt. As ill-gotten gains are stipulated as “Nebenstrafe” in the Taiwan penal code, the courts cannot confiscate those gains unless there is a simultaneous conviction, which seems too slow. The following suggestions are presented. The individual laws regulating “Verfall” and compensation to the victims should be reorganized in the penal code and characterized as “maßnahme”. The legal effect of these laws as “Nebenstrafe” should be deleted. The articles relating to the compensation of criminal proceeds to the victims should be increased as well. In addition, the courts should be allowed to announce verdicts either alone by its authority or according to the prosecutor’s request. In Taiwan, defendants accused during the adhesion process are not limited to being defendants in the process of criminal litigation, but also include other persons who should bear damages in accordance with civil law. When criminal court judges face this situation, since it is not certain whether there is a right to impose criminal punishment, or what the scope of punishment should be, there are inconsistencies in the operations of the criminal litigation procedure. There have been attempts to imitate Germany’s Criminal Litigation Law Clause 403, in which the accused should be limited to criminal defendants. The purpose of the rules on the adhesion process is to prevent a double workload and multiple judgments. However, according to existing requirements for criminal litigation, in addition to criminal judgments, judges must also make civil litigation judgments. This violates the aforementioned purpose of adhesion process rules. Thus, the way to rectify this situation is to create another adhesion process judgment based on the proceeds of crime, in order to assign restitution or to pay a certain amount to the victim, inside the main text of the criminal judgment. Restorative justice, in which the victim and offender jointly participate, has recently been affirmed in its importance, both in theory and in practice, all over the world. In order to concretely realize the principle that constitutional litigation rights should protect crime victims, as well as provide fair and effective remedial paths and procedural subjectivity, this study suggested that in the stage prior to judging criminal cases, there should be expanded use of enforced arbitration and mediation systems, in which the defendant and the victim jointly participate, in order to determine the best course for promoting restorative justice, to satisfy the demand for victim procedural subjectivity, and to expand the one-time character of dispute resolutions.
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Chung-wen, Pan, and 潘仲文. "A Study on the Practice of Hearsay Rule in Taiwan－Focusing on Article 159-1 of Code of Criminal Procedure." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/23522247982895321368.
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Hegerová, Klára. "Narovnání v trestním řízení." Master's thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-265183.
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The topic of this diploma thesis is the settlement in criminal proceedings, one of diversions, or also alternatives to typical course and outcome of criminal proceedings. The settlement was incorporated into the Czech Criminal Procedure Code by the amendment n. 152/1995 Sb. with the effect on 1st September 1995. The settlement is an institute of criminal procedure law originating in restorative justice principles and its goal is to restore affected relationship between the defendant and the victim. Then proceedings of the settlement should not serve only to compensate the victim, as is sometimes perceived by the public, but also to clarify causes of the conflict during the active participation of both parties and to assume personal responsibility for the crime committed which may have significant effects in terms of criminal prevention. Despite the fact that the settlement is a form of diversion beneficial to the defendant (it leads to cessation of prosecution), victim (it is faster to obtain the compensation) and society (prevention from committing other crimes, relieving courts in favour of complex and serious crimes), it is rarely used in practice. In the first chapter I generally deal with the concept of diversions in criminal proceedings, their fundamental characteristics and common features...
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Bláhová, Ivana. "Rekodifikace trestního práva procesního v letech 1948-1950." Doctoral thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-349654.
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The aim of this dissertation work is to analyze the progress of recodification works during the so-called two-year legal plan, this being illustrated on preparations of the Criminal Procedure Code. The conclusions can be applied to contemporary efforts of recodification of the Criminal Procedure Code - especially from the organisational and material point of view. The first part of the paper deals with the state of criminal procedure law in Czechoslovakia before the commencement of the two-year legal plan and with the recodification attempts between 1918 and 1947. The next chapter describes the two-year legal plan, its announcement, development, organisation of work and results. It is followed by a chapter devoted to the preparation of the Criminal Procedure Code itself. This part analysis the activities of the Ministry of Justice in this respect, the codification department of the Ministry of Justice, its codification committee and subcommittees. In 1949 the subcommittees drafted a fundamental bill that served as a basis for the preparation of the outline of the Criminal Procedure Code elaborated at the beginning of 1950. This dissertation also provides a detailed analysis of the legislative process and an overview of influences of the organs of the communist party on the final version of the...
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Silva, Marta Maria Morais da. "As comunicações eletrónicas e a investigação criminal (rumo à compreensão do regime de ingerência no seu conteúdo)." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/51736.
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Dissertação de mestrado em Direito JudiciárioA investigação criminal depende, muitas vezes, do contributo dos investigados para dar resposta às questões que se levantam com o cometimento de crimes. Um dos meios mais eficazes de obter informações relevantes é a ingerência nas comunicações fechadas dos suspeitos (em que existe pré-determinação dos destinatários da mensagem), ou até mesmo de pessoas que se acredite estarem relacionadas com tal crime. Tal intromissão tem de ser feita, obviamente, de forma secreta, de modo a evitar o insucesso da própria investigação: se o suspeito ou pessoa investigada sabe que as suas comunicações estão a ser monitorizadas, o mais provável é que pare de as realizar, ou então que revele informações falsas de modo a inquinar o rumo da investigação propositadamente. Hoje é inegável a importância que a Internet tem na vida e comunicação dos indivíduos, o que se reflete a nível mundial, tendo a investigação criminal muito a ganhar se considerar tais comunicações, principalmente quando os indivíduos pretendem que essas sejam fechadas. A presente investigação tem como foco o estudo sobre os meios de obtenção de prova que se relacionam com a ingerência no conteúdo das comunicações eletrónicas, possibilitadas através da Internet, em Portugal. O seu mote prende-se com o facto de no ordenamento jurídico português serem consagrados diversos meios de obtenção de prova que se relacionam com a ingerência no conteúdo das comunicações eletrónicas, muitas vezes com soluções díspares entre si. De maneira a compreender as soluções encontradas pelo legislador português nesta matéria, é necessário estudar os diferentes meios de obtenção de prova consagrados, como as escutas telefónicas e outros meios consagrados no Código de Processo Penal, bem como os elencados na Lei do Cibercrime. Assim, a investigação criminal, doutrina e jurisprudência poderão ter mais certezas no momento de escolher qual o meio de obtenção de prova adequado, de modo a respeitar os trâmites legais exigidos pelo respeito pelos direitos fundamentais dos indivíduos, essenciais num Estado de Direito.
Criminal investigation often depends on the suspect's contribution to find answers to the questions raised by the commitment of a crime. One of the most effective means of obtaining relevant information is the interference in the suspect’s communications (mainly when there is a pre-determined circle of recipients) or even in any other person under the investigation, necessarily related to that crime. Such intrusion has to be made in a secret way of course, in order to prevent the failure of the investigation itself: if the suspect or person under investigation knows that is being monitored in his communications, it is most likely to stop doing them or mislead the investigation on purpose. Nowadays it’s undeniable the importance of the Internet in everyone’s communications worldwide, that’s why the criminal investigation has a lot to gain if it considers its contents, mainly in the case of closed communications. The present work aims to study the means of obtaining evidence that relate to such communications powered by the Internet, in Portugal. Its motto is that Portuguese legal order regulates the mean of obtaining evidence by interfering in electronic communications in different ways, having different solutions in different legal acts. In order to understand the legal solutions found by the Portuguese legislator, it is necessary to study the different means of obtaining evidence enshrined in the Portuguese law, such as the telephone tapping and others enshrined in code of criminal procedure as well as the ones listed in the Cybercrime Law. Doing so, the criminal investigation, doctrine and jurisprudence will have more certainties when it comes to the moment of choosing and respecting the legal procedures, demanded by the fundamental rights of the individuals, inherent to the rule of law.
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Chenette, Mathieu. "La constitutionnalité du par. 515(6) du Code criminel et d’autres sujets touchant la libération provisoire au Canada." Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/22848.
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Lai, Mi Ting, and 賴彌鼎. "The Reasearch of Criminal Code 356." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/82411083707185510819.
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Neužil, Zdeněk. "Narovnání v trestním řízení." Master's thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-397969.
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This diploma thesis addresses issues of the institute of settlement in. The institute of settlement is one of the diversions in criminal proceedings. Diversions (divergences) in criminal proceedings are construed as special types of criminal proceedings, alternative to standard hearing of a case in main trial, within which the criminal case can be settled. The institute of settlement was incorporated into the Czech Criminal Procedure Code by the amendment n. 152/1995 Sb., that became effective on 1st September 1995. The essence of the institute of settlement is a conclusion of an agreement between the accused person and the damaged person. Such agreement is then approved and the criminal prosecution against the accused person is therefore terminated. It is thus achieved the settlement and elimination of the confrontation which was caused as a result of the committed crime between the accused person and the damaged person concerned. Title: Settlement in criminal proceedings Key words: Settlement; settlement of the confrontation between the accused person and the damaged person; approval of the settlement; diversion in criminal proceedings; Code of criminal procedure; restorative justice
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Hledík, Michal. "Vojenské trestní právo (1918-1938)." Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-331385.
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130 ABSTRACT This Master's degree thesis deals with the problematics of the military criminal law in the Czechoslovak Republic between 1918 and 1938. I have chosen this theme for several reasons. First of these reasons is, that this subject mingles two legal disciplines - legal history and criminal law. Concurrently it is a topic, that has not yet been widely written up. The reason is that in both law disciplines combined in the theme of interwar criminal law, it is a marginal area of interest. Existing works in most cases focus only on a constituent parts of the problematics. In the second group of works the topic was chosen too widely and the character of resulting outputs was enumeratives, withnout providing context. The purpose of this tesis is to provide a global view on the matter of our military criminal law in the begining of 20th century and within this view then further focus on its dominant elements. The work is based mainly on the legislation effective in the given period, and the commented wordings. Another valuable source for the elaboration of the thesis were historical publications, although recent papers were not excluded. On several occasions the work marginally mentiones the comparison with the interwar general criminal law. In the topics of the military criminal law, whose legislation or...
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KOMÁROVÁ, Vendula. "Zpovědní tajemství v kontextu trestního práva ČR." Master's thesis, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-47176.
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The thesis provides a concise explanation of the notions of confession and the seal of confession and observance of the same by Czech Republic criminal law. The seal of confession is especially provided for by Act No. 3/2002 Coll. on churches and religious societies. In my thesis, I also address the issue of protecting other types of non-disclosure recognized by the Czech Republic. The main topic covers respecting the seal of confession in the context of criminal law. I particularly concentrate on respecting the seal of confession in relation to Sections 167 and 168 of the Criminal Code concerning failure to prevent an offence and failure to report an offence. I also take note of the duty to testify and exceptions to the same. Whereas one of the exceptions{--}prohibition of interrogation{--}does indicate protection of the seal of confession, the other{--}the right to refuse testimony{--}includes no such unequivocal protection. Generally, Czech laws do recognize the seal of confession, and it is impossible to punish observance by priests of the seal of confession.
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Silva, Filipe Gomes da. "O processo sumário e a reforma do Código do Processo Penal de 2013." Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/16491.
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The present work aims to develop the theme "The summary procedure and the reform of 2013". The purpose of its analysis serves the interest to understand the virtues and disadvantages of the changes introduced by Act n.º 20/2013 to our Code of Criminal Procedure, and the main focus of the present reflection is to further the impact of the measures taken by the legislator to the summary proceedings.
The opening of the most serious crimes to summary procedure is a reform measure duly highlighted because it is a true innovation in the Portuguese penal system. Therefore, it urges to analyse not only the consequences of this measure, as well as if the objectives of its introduction in the summary procedure system are met.
It should be noted that the legislator intends to promote speedy trial, and at the same time, ensure compliance with the Constitutional rights associated to the accused. At this point it is important to realize if there is a restriction of the accused essential guarantees.
On the other hand, it should be noted that the typical characteristics of summary proceedings might have been invariably modified, due to the innovative aspect of the reform. That said, the changes might have fostered a mischaracterization of the typical format of the summary procedure, both in terms of the nature of the proceedings and in terms of its space and objectives within the penal system.
Reflecting on the above will provide a deeper understanding of the volatile balance between the Portuguese governing prosecution efficiency and the Constitution, as well as the future of the criminal policy in Portugal.Com a presente dissertação pretende-se desenvolver o tema “O processo sumário e a reforma de 2013”. O objetivo da sua análise serve o interesse de compreender as virtudes e desvantagens das alterações promovidas pela Lei n.º 20/2013 ao Código do Processo Penal, sendo que o foco principal da reflexão está no impacto das medidas tomadas pelo legislador, mas também nos efeitos do acórdão n.º 174 do Tribunal Constitucional no regime da forma sumária do processo. A abertura da aplicabilidade do processo sumário a crimes graves, ou seja, a extensão do seu âmbito de aplicação à grande criminalidade, é a medida da revisão em maior destaque porque se trata de uma verdadeira inovação no sistema penal português. Por isso, cabe analisar não só as consequências dessa medida, bem como se os objetivos da sua introdução no regime do processo sumário são cumpridos. Cumpre referir que interessa ao legislador promover a celeridade processual, ao mesmo tempo que garante o cumprimento dos direitos associados à posição processual do arguido. Neste ponto em específico é importante perceber se se observa uma restrição censurável das garantias essenciais do arguido com as opções tomadas no âmbito da reforma de 2013. Por outro lado, as medidas tomadas pelo legislador poderão ter promovido uma descaracterização do formato típico do processo sumário, quer ao nível da natureza da sua tramitação, quer ao nível do seu espaço e finalidade dentro do sistema penal. Refletir sobre o exposto permitirá obter um conhecimento mais aprofundado do equilíbrio volátil entre o funcionamento da ação penal portuguesa e a Constituição, bem como a política-criminal de futuro em Portugal.
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Ge, Yao-Yang, and 葛耀陽. "Comparative Application Study on Amendment of Criminal Code." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/n8947x.
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碩士東吳大學
法律學系
103
Our Criminal Code has undergone a major reform in 2005, resulted in many problems in enforcement about from the need to decide between preexisting and new laws. The key issue stems from the revised general principal of criminal law including new specification for determining favorable and unfavorable factors for defendants’ behavior. How to determine the most suitable law will become a difficult problem. Although in the year 2006, the Supreme Court has made 8th tribunal resolution for guidance to resolve this problem during the transitional period, some academics differ in their opinions regarding the Supreme Court resolution. There is very little discussion in the literature regarding comparative application on amendment of Criminal Code when compared to the issue of theory of criminal code. But in the practice these amendments have profound and meaningful on the human rights of the defendants . This article try to introduce the relevant theoretical and practical ideas, as put forth the views in this paper . The major aim of this paper is about looking forward to resolving the issues in the amendment which can be helpful in the practiced area.
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HSIAO, NAI-YUAN, and 蕭乃元. "The Protection of Electro-Magnetic Record by the Criminal Code." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/68020606015931714275.
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碩士東吳大學
法律學系
95
In modern society, using computer and computer network has become an essential part in economic daily life. The Electro-Magnetic Record, as EMR below, has played a crucial role in the stream of information. This essay would explore the essence of the crime of infringing EMR in several aspects, including the characteristic of EMR, legal interest lied in criminal code, and the categorization of infringed result. The interest to be protected in EMR is its Characteristic of Document and Characteristic of Property. Those with Characteristic of Document could be used as evidence documentation. The document defined by criminal code is demonstration of the expression of intent, which is beneficial for transaction security and public credibility in society. Those with Characteristic of Property could be kind of intangible property. No matter it is of objective value in the trade market or of subjective value for emotional reliance, either one deserves the protection by the criminal code. Nevertheless, property crime in traditional criminal code is designed mainly for tangible property. Since the real value of EMR lied within its content, which does not physically exist, the offense against property about EMR is hardly fit in with the condition in traditional criminal code. On the contrary, the offense against document about EMR, due to the definition of semi-document, as long as it is with the content about rights and obligations, would be protected by the criminal code in various aspects. EMR is a record suitable for the processing of computer. While coding and decoding process of EMR will involve in digital logic calculation by computer, if a meaningful modification would be done in EMR there must be some tactics through computer operation. Therefore, the result of Computer Crime would cause damages in EMR to different extent. Meanwhile, even though any Computer Crime accompanied with the use of computer network could be deemed as cybercrime, Computer Crime and cybercrime assert different legal interest. The Computer Crime emphasizes damage in property, which belongs to personal interest since early days, while the cybercrime is raised to the level of social or national interest, because of the nature of common wealth in computer network. The actuation of the traditional criminal code was triggered by the infringing of legal interest. What important is the content of the EMR but not the EMR itself. It might also happen that for EMR , which is without Characteristic of Property nor Characteristic of Document, is crucial and favorable for normal computer operation, even though it is of no legal interest from the point of view of the traditional criminal code. With the necessity to restore the order of security in computer operation and to protect private materials, a new chapter, Offense against Computer Operation, has been adopted in the criminal code, aiming at those obliquity behaviors which attack the EMR in computer or through computer network. This chapter does expand the region of EMR to be protected by criminal code. However, if the infringed EMR is of any characteristic of document or property, there will be competition phenomenon between the traditional and new articles. Even though the provisions of Offense against Computer Operation have included wider range of EMR than before, the legal interest deployed become blurred. It is better that the traditional criminal code shall prevail in the event of conflict.
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Chang, Chia-Yu, and 張嘉育. "The Deconstruct and Rebuild of Criminal Code Regarding Sexual Offences." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/19378664643828713696.
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Liu, Ying-Hsien, and 劉穎嫻. "A Study in the Assessment of the Criminal Law on Child Abuse:Article 286 of the Criminal Code." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/6nwcgu.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
法律學研究所
105
This article aims to explore the child abuse law: Article 286 of the Criminal Code from the legislative perspective. In the article, I compare selected countries’ child abuse law, including the United States, British, German, and Japan. I then explain Taiwan’s child abuse law and examine its legislation models. In addition to the special laws such as the Protection of Children and Youths Welfare and Rights Act and Child and Youth Sexual Transaction Prevention Act, the Article 286 of Criminal Code: Offenses of Child Development is the primary law on child abuse. Nevertheless, the scope of the Article 286 of Criminal Code was expanded after the amendment in 2012, which seems to have become an exception in the chapter of personal interests in the Criminal Code. The amendment considers a person who maltreats child or intends to make a profit by committing an offense against child’s legal Interest of survival and body shall be a crime of danger. In practice, as the amended Article 286 of the Criminal Code was not applicable to child abuse cases, the Ministry of Justice amended the Article 286 again in 2017 when it promulgated the draft amendment to the Criminal Code. Yet, if we consider issues such as legal characteristic of crimes against child, types of criminal behavior, and concursusactionum, we would recognize that the Article 286 does not have legal effect. In other words, since the Article 286 has its congenital normative dilemmas, it would never be suitable to any child abuse cases. I further explore how the Western countries discussed childhood and child abuse, and compare it with Taiwan’s historical context of childhood. Based on the findings, I consider that the Legislative Branch insisted not to continue to amend the Article 286 reveals that the Taiwanese modern society’s hidden imagination of vulnerability of children and demonstrates its protectionism superficially. Accordingly, the Article 286 would not only be symbolic legislation, but also possibly be arbitrarily abused in the disciplined society. This article addresses that it is not suitable to punish child abuse by means of the Article 286 of the Criminal Code, because of the unique character of child abuse cases. Given that Article 286 of the Criminal Code’s inability and with risks of being symbolic law, I conclude that the fundamental way would be to admit its inability and abolish this code.
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Magalhães, Ana Sofia Correia. "A responsabilidade penal das pessoas coletivas sob o ponto de vista processual." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/60744.
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Dissertação de mestrado em Direito Judiciário (Direitos Processuais e Organização Judiciária)Na presente Dissertação de Mestrado pretendemos refletir sobre a responsabilidade penal das pessoas coletivas, sob o ponto de vista processual, atendendo a que, na sequência da promulgação da Lei n.º 59/2007, de 4 de setembro, no Código de Processo Penal não foram consignadas quaisquer normas jurídicas atinentes às pessoas coletivas. Partiremos da evolução histórica da responsabilidade penal das pessoas coletivas, retratando o novo modelo económico, no plano internacional e interno. Prosseguiremos com os principais obstáculos no atual sistema jurídico português, mormente com a constituição da pessoa coletiva como arguida – abordando a representação processual enquanto sujeito processual, os direitos e deveres, as declarações na qualidade de arguida, as modificações estruturais societárias e a responsabilidade civil –, a comunicação dos atos processuais – debatendo as notificações em processo penal e a declaração de contumácia – e, finalmente, as medidas de coação e de garantia patrimonial extensíveis às pessoas coletivas. Nesta senda, iremos não só dissertar sobre as atuais soluções jurídicas quanto às temáticas supra enunciadas, como também perspetivar sobre as que, do nosso ponto de vista, melhor serviriam as especificidades das pessoas coletivas. Bem assim, embora na nossa exposição nos dediquemos igualmente a temas conexos, reconhecemos que ficará em falta o estudo de outras temáticas, igualmente merecedoras de reflexão. Porém, julgamos ter selecionado os principais obstáculos e que, a serem solucionados pelo legislador ordinário, possibilitariam desde logo um incremento no apuramento da responsabilidade penal das pessoas coletivas.
In this master thesis we aim to reflect about the legal persons’ criminal responsibility, from the procedural point of view, taking into consideration that, since the publication of the Law 59/2007, from September 4th, in the Code of Criminal Procedure there were no legal rules established for legal persons. We will start from the historical evolution of the legal person’s criminal responsibility, portraying the new economic model, internationally and nationally. We will continue with the main obstacles in the current portuguese legal system, mostly the constitution of the legal person as a defendant – approaching the procedural representation of the legal person as a subject of the process, the rights and duties, the statements as a defendant, the implications of the changes in the social structure and the civil responsibility –, the communication of procedural acts – debating the notifications in the criminal proceeding and judgment «in absentia» – and, at last, the restrictive measures and guarantees of property to legal persons’. So, we will lecture not only the current legal solutions for the topic above, but also the solutions that, from our point of view, would best serve the particularity of the legal persons. Although in our exposure we address related topics, we acknowledge that will be missing the study of some other, equally important, topics. Even though, we believe we chose the main issues that, if solved by the legislator, will allow an increase in the discharge of legal persons’ criminal responsibility.
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ChinChiu and 邱勤. "Refactoring the General Idea of Human Body in the Criminal Code." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/78527349457349463259.
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碩士國立成功大學
法律學系
102
SUMMARY The body interest in Republic of China criminal law protects physical organ function, tissue integrity, and psychological soundness. However, can the organ separated from the body be protected in Republic of China criminal law? With the advance of medical technology, it is worthwhile to discuss. This thesis focuses on the fields which are related to body rights and discusses its nature and meaning in law. Then we can picture the range of its protection. Therefore, I will intend to study the theses related to psychology, philosophy, and biology and depict the idea of body in these fields. In the end, I will explain it from biological point of view and from Japanese law to redefine the range of body interest. Finally, I will try to discuss whether the idea of body rights can be applied to the 3 dimensions printed organ, so that we can set the rules to regulate the harmful act as to the transplanting organs. Furthermore, the idea of property should be involved in some conditions and make transplanted organs become a part of property.
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HUANG, WEI-HUNG, and 黃維中. "A Study of The Hit and Run Offense of Criminal Code." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/7xd8yv.
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碩士開南大學
人文社會學院法律碩士在職專班
106
The purposes of this study are aim to investigate the legislative intent of the hit and run offense of Criminal Code. It is to prevent the driver from escaping after the accident and delay the victim’s chances of seeking medical care. In t 1999, Legislative Yuan added Article 185 (4) of the Criminal Law to “the crime of abandonment” and regulate the driving power.A person who flees after the motor vehicle he drives has caused an accident resulting in death or injury of another shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not less than six months but less than five years. Due to high-profile cases broke out again and again in our society, accompanied by media reports, the Legislative Yuan was prompted to amend and implement the application on June 11th, 2013, that increases the penalties for drunk driving behavior shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not less than am year but less than seven years. Mainly from the reason that is based on Article 185(3) of the Criminal Law, the penalty for death from drunk driving and drunk driving has been increased. This study collects verdict s of the local courts regarding recent cases of hit and run cases from six cities, Taipei Municipality, New Taipei City, Taoyuan City, Taichung City, Tainan City, and Kaohsiung City. After analysis and statistics, it will sort out various types of accidents and hit and runs to 100 verdicts. The verdict that discusses the differences between the sentencing of escape cases after the same type of accident causing deaths and injuries, and whether the discussed legal interests have violated the legitimacy of the crime, leading to the violation of the principle of criminal punishment, so as to explore whether the decree has been corrected or not.
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曾京賢. "A discussion about "Cimes Participation"--Focus on Criminal Code Article 231." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/qcm4x5.
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碩士中央警察大學
法律學研究所
106
Abstract This article from the point of view of “Crimes participation” has explore the Criminal Code Article 231（A sexual intercourse or an obscene crime by decoy in Criminal Law）, and further found an offender is not a clear positioning. According to the explanation of elements of this crime, people can see that the offender is essentially the activities of the sex trade facilitator, just like an aider and abettor. As a result of the sex trade itself is not a crime, and cause of the offender to promote behavior cannot be subordinate to the behavior of the sex trade. Generally, we cannot apply the principle of the Subordinate of Complicity. Some scholars had claimed that the accomplice becoming a perpetrator is to solve the above issues and provide the punishment foundation, but there is no in-depth study on the legitimacy of the legislative model and let the penal turned into moral tools. The theory of Criminal Law and Judicial practice are the views from “Concursus Necessarius” can arrive in different conclusions. The former means this offender to behave an indirect encounter offense, and the latter is the combination of internal and external relationships to interpret the facilitate act. Both opinions mentioned above have different explainations, but the former opinion can emphasize the relations within third-party and make modest adjustments. However, elements of this crime cover a wide range, once involved in the behavior to perpetrate sex trade commit crime. To reflect this legislation is to protect an abstract concept, which is not to protect the suffering of prostitutes from sexual exploitation, or even deprived this offender of his occupational freedom and business freedom. Consequently, Criminal Code Article 231 should be used as a justification for the abolition of the law.
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Chen, Tseng-Chi, and 陳贈吉. "A Review of the New Amendment of Criminal Code on Confiscation." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/v6g3u9.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
法律學研究所
105
The new amendment of confiscation provisions of Criminal Code in 2015 re-characterized the confiscation as an independent legal effect, added confiscation of the proceeds of crime, confiscation of third party and separate confiscation, and applied the principle of law in force at the time of judgment. As a result, the confiscation and fine penalty will result in repeated deprivation of the proceeds of crime, and the re-characterized confiscation without subject to nulla poena sine lege and the principle of responsibility has also been questioned. In reference to foreign legislation and relevant theories, this article thinks that this amendment selectively referenced to foreign legislations and theories, which help expand the scope of the confiscation, and result in many issues in legal interpretation. Because the confiscation may have different characters depending on the object, including rehabilitative measure and a similar character of property penalty, this article thinks that the re-characterization of confiscation just demonstrates its multiple characters, the independent legal effect is not a kind of real legal effect, and the separate confiscation is a kind of procedural expedient measure. As for other issues of confiscation, except that the gross value principle, discretionary reduction provision, exclusion provision, evidence rule, and the scope of separate confiscation can be resolved through legal interpretation, the issues of the principle of law in force at the time of judgment, and the application sequence of fine penalty, confiscation, and third party confiscation, can only be completely resolved through next amendment.