Relevant bibliographies by topics / Criminal debut

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Criminal debut'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 3 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Criminal debut"

1

James, Alison Amanda. "South Africa's Debut into Broadcasting Criminal Trials – The Legal Arguments in Televising the Oscar Pistorius Trail." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal 20 (December 5, 2017): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2017/v20i0a1516.

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The televising and/or any other form of broadcasting of judicial hearings and of criminal trials in particular is a controversial topic that has not only provoked debate and been argued about by academics, the media and the public for years, but continues to be argued about with few signs of abatement. Until recently South Africa had largely escaped becoming embroiled in this provocative topic, as the live broadcasting of criminal trials from South African courtrooms did not occur. The situation has changed, though, following the recent live televising of a full criminal trial – namely, the trial of South African Para-Olympic champion Oscar Pistorius. Given that this trial signalled South Africa's debut into the world of the live televising of criminal trial proceedings, the question is asked why exactly South Africa ventured into this contentious legal territory.It must be emphasised that the intention of this contribution is solely to explore the court's consideration of the constitutional mandates and rights that were contained in both the application and the opposing arguments pertaining to the live broadcast the trial of Oscar Pistorius. This note will not attempt to examine or even approach the far greater question of whether criminal trials should be televised or not, a topic better left to future research.
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Stone, Christopher. "Innovations in Public Defense as an Investment in Better Sentencing." Federal Sentencing Reporter 24, no. 1 (October 1, 2011): 21–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/fsr.2011.24.1.21.

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The Neighborhood Defender Service of Harlem (NDS) opened its doors in 1990, hoping to demonstrate the benefits of a community-based, team-based public defender that began representation from the moment of arrest, or even earlier. Although pretrial detention time was not statistically different for NDS clients compared with similar defendants, NDS clients ultimately received significantly shorter sentences, and the savings to the government in terms of jail and prison time were substantial. More than twenty years after its debut, NDS continues to show that high-quality public defense can play an important role in any strategy to unwind mass incarceration while improving the quality of criminal justice generally.
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Welsh, Marcus D. "Cross-dressing and Transgressing: The Queer Body in Madame Satã." Latin American Perspectives 48, no. 2 (March 2021): 123–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0094582x20988717.

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In Karim Aïnouz’s debut feature film Madame Satã (2002), the protagonist yearns to be a cross-dressing performer. Based on the historical figure João Francisco dos Santos, the protagonist is black, poor, gay, and a criminal in the Brazil of the 1930s. An examination of his body as a nexus of these factors and the film’s portrayal of it in the context of queer theory, film history, and social discourses of gender, race, and class and in cinematic terms demonstrates that, while he is able to express his fluid gender identity temporarily through performance, the protagonist is unable to escape his social position as regulated by the intersectionality of his gender identity with other factors. En el primer largometraje de Karim Aïnouz, Madame Satã (2002), el protagonista anhela ser un artista travesti. Basado en la figura histórica de João Francisco dos Santos, dicho protagonista es negro, pobre, homosexual y criminal en el Brasil de la década de 1930. El artículo analiza su cuerpo como nexo entre estos factores y la manera en que es representado en la película a partir de una perspectiva teórica queer, de la historia del cine y los discursos sociales de género, raza y clase, así como de la técnica cinematográfica. Si por un lado el personaje es capaz de expresar su fluida identidad de género temporalmente a través de la interpretación, por otro es incapaz de escapar su posición social, la cual está regulada por la interseccionalidad entre su identidad de género y otros factores.
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Fletcher, George P. "The Psychotic Aggressor — A Generation Later." Israel Law Review 27, no. 1-2 (1993): 227–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021223700016927.

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Some twenty years ago my imaginary character the “psychotic aggressor” made his debut in the pages of the Israel Law Review. Of all the hypothetical cases I have devised over the years, the story of the psychotic aggressor in the elevator, attacking someone who must defend herself, has become one of the most vigorous and long-lasting. This unlikely case has proven to be a useful medium for understanding the difference between claims of justification and claims of excuse in structuring criminal liability. Everyone assumes that the person attacked should be able to defend herself; the problem is whether the defense is right and proper (justified) or whether it is simply the human response and therefore free from blame (excused). This classification has implications, in turn, for whether third parties may come to the aid of the person attacked and whether the psychotic aggressor, in turn, has a right to defend himself against efforts to kill him. These issues have given rise to considerable debate over the last two decades, and much of it can be traced to the conundrum whether resisting a psychotic but purposeful aggressor should be treated as right in itself or, alternatively, wrong but free from blame.
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Yoshimasu, Shufu, and Sadakata Kogi. "Études criminologiques et psychiatriques au Japon." Acta Criminologica 2, no. 1 (January 19, 2006): 145–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/017008ar.

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Abstract CRIMINOLOGICAL AND PSYCHIATRIC STUDIES IN JAPAN Criminological development in Japan is largely the work of the Japanese Association of Criminology, founded in Tokyo in 1913. The year 1935 saw the debut of the publication Acta criminologia?: et medicinee legalis japonica. After an interruption of several years caused by the second world war, society made great strides, and important research could then be undertaken. There are now three State institutes of criminology in Japan: the General Research Institute of Forensic Medicine at the Tokyo University of Medicine and Dentistry, the Institute of Research, Practical and Clinical Training at the Ministry of Justice, and the Institute of Encephalographie Research of the University of Tokyo. Among the most important criminological and psychiatric research projects are: 1) Study of twins: Led by Yoshimasu, this could be considered as one of the most brilliant contributions of Japanese criminology to science. It is based on the rate of concordance between homozygotic and heterozygotic twins. For a clearer understanding of the phenomenon of concordance between the two partners, Yoshimasu used the following factors: age at first offence, age at the time of research, and number of relapses. The results of his analysis show a lesser rate of agreement than that of foreign studies, nevertheless this rate increased perceptibly after the second world war, which is explained by the influence of environment. 2) Research on recidivism by means of analysis of the life curve: In 1951, Yoshimasu discovered a new method for analyzing the criminal careers of recidivists (this method is defined in English as «the criminal life curve» and in German, die kriminelle Lebenskurve). It comprises three indices: a) age at the time of first offence: before or after 25 years; b) the type of offence: classified in accordance with the kind of crime, the sequence of crime and the kinds of crimes committed during any one episode, i.e. one, the same or different; c) interval between the offences: sequence, remission, intermission, suspension. Later on, various studies were added to this research. 3) Characteristics of various crimes: The studies undertaken dealt with homicidal women, homicidal girls, mass murderers (Massenmo'rder). These studies showed interesting results, because there is an intimate relationship between patricide and the family environment in the traditional Japanese atmosphere. Other researchers were interested in arsonists, sex criminals, persistent embezzlers, recidivists in crimes of violence. 4) Research on juvenile delinquency: In this field, Japan may well be proud of having several pioneers. We stressed the importance of the psychopathic personality, as much as the sheer asymmetry of psychic and physical maturity. 5) Criminality of the mentally disturbed with encephalitis due to anti-rabies vaccination: Studies undertaken after the massacre of 12 employees of the Teikoku Bank of Tokyo revealed that subjects suffering from this malady have a deviated personality of a mythomanie type with Korsakov's syndrome. Other studies show a seat of demyelinized fibres. Treatment could thus be applied to effectively fight this illness. 6) Amphetamine drug addiction and criminality: This problem took on the dimensions of a national crisis after the second world war, when amphetamine drug addiction rose to 200 000. The work undertaken on this problem revealed psychopathic personalities characterized by hyperthymic tendencies, hysterics, explosiveness or instability, as explained by Kurt Schneider. 7) Reactions to penal institutions and disciplinary infractions: With regard to these, a new method called infractiologie was used. It is concerned with the actual relationship which exists between crimes committed in society and infractions committed within the penal institution.
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Fernando, Josua, and Susanti Adi Nugroho. "KEDUDUKAN SITA PIDANA TERHADAP SITA UMUM KEPAILITAN." Jurnal Hukum Adigama 1, no. 1 (July 18, 2018): 339. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/adigama.v1i1.2148.

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AbstractThe Court Ruling claim that a debt discharge a bankruptcy inflict a debtor will loose his right to dominate the wealth which include the bankruptcy property. The whole riches of a debt who’s discharge bankruptcy, automatically will be placed to the general confiscation. The general confiscation of the debt property has intend to protect the interest of the creditor of all the deeds of the debt which can disserve the property of a bankruptcy and stop the execution of the debt property with all the creditors to get the debt repayment. The general confiscation itself is a form of confiscation which known in civil law regime especially bankruptcy in legal perspective as a private law. Confiscation in a criminal case aim to prove criminal act. Article 38 of a Criminal Code Procedure regulate that the investigator can undertake the property of confiscation that placed in the general confiscation. However, Article 46 of a Bankruptcy and Suspension Of Obligation For payment Of Debt regulate that all confiscation become vanished when the property has confiscated in the general confiscation. When this two confiscation situated in the property, The confiscation in criminal case will precede the general confiscation. That matter is because of the confiscation in a criminal case is part of public law that aimed to protect our public interest.
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Wamsley, Dillon. "Neoliberalism, mass incarceration, and the US debt–criminal justice complex." Critical Social Policy 39, no. 2 (May 28, 2018): 248–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0261018318779477.

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While debtors’ prisons in the United States were outlawed in the early 19th century, recent reports indicate that a growing number of people across the US are currently imprisoned for debt. This process typically occurs in two ways: debtors are found in contempt of court for non-appearance after being pressured into repaying consumer debt, or offenders are incarcerated for unpaid legal financial obligations (LFOs) incurred in the criminal justice system. While numerous legal scholars have examined these practices, little scholarship has situated this phenomenon within the politico-economic landscape of neoliberalism. Seeking to chart the intersections between economic restructuring and the expansion of the carceral state over the past 40 years, this article situates the modern debt–criminal justice complex within the broader historical trajectories of debt, incarceration, and institutional racism within the US. Emphasizing the centrality of US state reforms implemented under neoliberalism, this article examines the transformation of the federal welfare system toward ‘workfare’, as well as bankruptcy reforms implemented in the context of rising consumer debt during the 1990s and early 2000s. I maintain that these overlapping transformations, alongside the expansion of the criminal justice apparatus, were central historical processes that shaped the modern debt–criminal justice complex in the US, which continues to criminalize low-income and racialized populations across the country.
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David, Steven H., and Cale J. Bradford. "Crime Does Not Pay: Understanding Criminal Debt." Indiana Law Review 50, no. 4 (July 1, 2017): 1051. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/4806.1161.

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Park, Sang-Min. "Criminal Law Review for Debt Evasion Murder." Justice 177 (April 30, 2020): 304–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.29305/tj.2020.04.177.304.

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Shookhoff, Alexandra, Robert Constantino, and Evan Elkin. "The Unintended Sentence of Criminal Justice Debt." Federal Sentencing Reporter 24, no. 1 (October 1, 2011): 62–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/fsr.2011.24.1.62.

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Increases in both the number and amount of court fees, fines, and surcharges—regardless of offenders' ability to pay—have become standard practice in courthouses throughout the United States. A recent report from the Brennan Center for Justice, as well as several others, have shown that imposing criminal justice debt can interfere with reentry and rehabilitation. In response to this identified problem, the Vera Institute of Justice is exploring a potential demonstration project that would help jurisdictions generate revenue and hold offenders accountable for their crimes without the unintended negative justice outcomes. The Fines and Fees Initiative seeks to ameliorate the negative consequences that criminal justice debt may have on individuals, communities, and criminal justice systems.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Criminal debut"

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Knutsson, Douglas, and Jonathan Herlitz. "Med livet framför sig : En studie om hur åldern vid brottsdebuten påverkar framtidsutsikter." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Nationalekonomiska institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-317543.

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Denna studie undersöker förhållandet mellan unga brottslingars ålder vid den första lagföringenoch deras livsutfall. Genom att använda oss av unika data från The Stockholm Birth Cohort Study(SBC) kan vi följa individerna upp till 27 års ålder i administrativa register. Detta gör det möjligtför oss att observera kriminellt beteende både för individer över och understraffmyndighetsåldern. Vi finner att personer som begår brott i tidig ålder har en signifikanthögre risk att återfalla i brott jämfört med personer där brottsdebuten sker relativt sent; såledeskan åldern vid brottsdebuten påverka individers framtidsutsikter både direkt och indirekt.
This study examines the correlation between the age of individuals’ first appearance in policerecords and their outcomes in life. By using unique data from The Stockholm Birth Cohort Study(SBC) we are able to follow individuals up to the age of 27 in administrative registers. Thisenables us to observe criminal behavior for individuals both above and below the age of criminalresponsibility. We find that people engaging in crime in early ages have a significantly higherrisk of relapsing into crime compared to people with a relatively late criminal debut, thus the ageof a criminal debut directly and indirectly may affect the prospects of individuals.
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Wilson, Belinda R. "The Forgotten Signature: An Observational Study on Policy of Securing Identity in Prevention of Identity Theft and Credit/Debit Card Fraud at Retail Store POS Terminals." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3074.

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Identity theft and credit and bank card fraud is increasing in America and worldwide. Given the current statistics of its prevalence and practices around the world, many in government are starting to take critical notice due to its impact on a nation’s economy. Limited amounts of research have been conducted regarding the practices of applying the Routine Activities Theory (Cohen & Felson, 1979) to better equip store managers in understanding the critical need for capable and effective point of sale guardianship for in-store prevention of credit or bank card fraud due to identity theft. This research has used qualitative observational studies to investigate the presence of or lack of capable guardianship at point of sales transactions in large department stores where a majority of in-store credit and bank card fraud loss occurs. Findings conclude an overwhelming lack of capable guardianship at retail store POS terminals.
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Link, Nathan Wong. "Paid Your Debt to Society? Legal Financial Obligations and Their Effects on Former Prisoners." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2017. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/463121.

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Criminal Justice
Ph.D.
Within the last decade, scholars and practitioners alike have noted a surge in the use of legal financial obligations (LFOs) in criminal justice processing. These include fines, fees, and costs that are applied to defendants’ cases from “upstream” agencies such as police departments to “downstream” agencies including jails, prisons, probation and parole agencies, and treatment centers. Legal financial obligations can be large, and the result is that outstanding balances often accumulate into unwieldy amounts of criminal justice debt. Recently, a small handful of qualitative studies have shown that these LFOs and debts can have adverse impacts on returning prisoners and their families, including increased stress, strained family relationships, worsened depression, and longer periods spent under criminal justice surveillance for those too poor to pay off outstanding balances. In addition, some of this work suggests that these financial obligations can increase the likelihood of returning to crime. This dissertation expands on the major contributions of these recent qualitative works by addressing the lack of quantitative research in this area. Toward this end, longitudinal data from the Returning Home Study (n=740) and structural equation modeling (SEM) techniques are used to test whether LFOs and debt indeed have adverse impacts on key outcomes of interest in reentry research, including family relationships, depression, justice involvement/entanglement, and recidivism. Findings reveal partial support for past research and theory. Legal financial obligations do not appear to have impacts on depression, family conflict, and several measures of recidivism on average. However, outstanding debt owed to community supervision agencies (i.e., probation/parole/mandatory community supervision) significantly increases the likelihood of remaining under supervision, which, in turn, increases the likelihood of returning to prison. Implications for decision-making bodies from state legislatures to corrections agencies are discussed.
Temple University--Theses
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Ferreira, Gerda. "Counterfeit card fraud : is there a need to introduce legislation to facilitate the prosecution of related criminal activities?" Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/8115.

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LL.M.
Despite payment cards being of a fairly recent origin,1 these instruments of payment play an increasingly significant role in commerce. With reference to credit cards, Cornelius already in 2003 stated: “They fulfil various functions that are increasingly important at a time that ecommerce is taking off at a tremendous pace.”2 Similarly criminals continuously use more inventive and technologically advanced methods to commit fraud, including counterfeit card fraud. Is the South African criminal law, however, keeping up? The aim of this study is to investigate whether the various activities which form part of the criminal business value chain relating to counterfeit card fraud, with specific reference to bank payment cards, are sufficiently criminalised in South Africa or whether the inability of our criminal law to address the challenges posed by this crime type necessitates the introduction of further legislation. In the first part of the dissertation the South African common and statutory criminal law is investigated in some depth to establish the applicability thereof on the activities forming part of the criminal business value chain relevant to counterfeit card fraud. The appropriateness of certain statutory provisions is questioned and recommendations are made to amend current legislation. An argument is also advanced for further development of the common-law offence of theft to include identity theft and the unlawful copying and subsequent use of data. Brief reference is made to the international situation. Chapter 2 is an introduction to bank payment card fraud in South Africa focusing on the most prevalent forms thereof being card-not-present fraud and counterfeit card fraud. Reference is made to the manner in which offences related to counterfeit card fraud are currently approached in our criminal courts and the limited impact prosecutions has on the prevalence of this fraud type.
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Carvalho, Marco António Cabeçais. "O abuso de confiança contra a Segurança Social: Da(s) inconstitucionalidade(s) da sua interpretação." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11328/1893.

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A presente dissertação analisará o Estado Social, a sua origem, apresentará um conceito do mesmo, o que este abrange, onde este se encontra plasmado na Constituição da República, qual a sua sustentabilidade, as formas de financiamento e se o crime de abuso de confiança contra a Segurança Social é a essência do seu suporte. Ademais será verificada a desconformidade da interpretação jurisprudencial estabelecida no Acórdão de Fixação de Jurisprudência n.º 8 / 2010 de 23 de Setembro e em que serão demonstradas as possíveis inconstitucionalidades da sua interpretação e aplicação.
This present dissertation will examine the welfare state, its origin, will present a concept, what it covers, where it is enshrined in the Constitution of the Republic, its sustainability, ways of financing it and if the crime of embezzlement against Social Security is the core of its support. Also it will be analyzed the disconformity of judicial interpretation established in the Judgement n.º 8/2010 of 23rd of September and which it will be demonstrated the possible unconstitutionality´s of its interpretation and application.
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Books on the topic "Criminal debut"

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Debout les morts. [Paris]: V. Hamy, 1995.

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Xin yong ka an quan ji zhi yu fa lü wen ti de li lun yu shi jian. Beijing Shi: Fa lü chu ban she, 2009.

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Gonthier, Nicole. Délinquance, justice et société dans le Lyonnais médiéval: De la fin du XIIIe siècle au début du XVIe siècle. Paris: Editions Arguments, 1993.

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Codekartenmissbrauch am POS-Kassen-System: Strafrechtliche Überlegungen zur Computerkriminalität. Frankfurt am Main: P. Lang, 1997.

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János, Kun. Seigniorage and burdens of government debt. Budapest: Information Dept. of the National Bank of Hungary, 1996.

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János, Kun. Seigniorage and burdens of government debt. Budapest: Information Dept. of the National Bank of Hungary, 1996.

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Delay, Chérif. Je suis debout: L'aîné des enfants d'Outreau sort du silence. Paris: Cherche midi, 2011.

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Farcy, Jean Claude. Justice, répression et persécution en France (fin des années 1930-début des années 1950): Essai bibliographique. Paris: Institut d'histoire du temps présent, 1993.

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Office, General Accounting. Criminal debt: Actions still needed to address defiencies in justice's collection processes : report to the Honorable Byron L. Dorgan, U.S. Senate. Washington, DC: United States General Accounting Office, 2004.

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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Governmental Affairs. Criminal debt collection efforts: Hearing before the Committee on Governmental Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Fourth Congress, first session, July 19, 1995. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Criminal debut"

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Ames, Melissa. "Fictionalizing Ferguson in Prime-Time Dramas." In Small Screen, Big Feels, 140–60. University Press of Kentucky, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5810/kentucky/9780813180069.003.0008.

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Chapter Seven narrows its focus to one particular year of programming that featured storylines about police brutality, inequity within the criminal justice system, and the #Black Lives Matter movement that has risen to speak out against both. Drawing upon trauma theory, this essay analyzes special episodes of CBS's The Good Wife (2009-2016) and ABC's Scandal (2010-2018) -- which have been referred to by media critics as each program's respective "Ferguson episode" -- and the first season of ABC's American Crime (2015-2017), a gritty crime anthology/mini-series which unflinchingly tackled racial conflict in its debut year. While there are reasons to be wary of attempts to fictionalize current race relations, this chapter ultimately argues that series that include thoughtful, complex storylines, and televisual aesthetics that underscore the social commentary contained with the program, may allow these issues not just to be understood, but felt.
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"5. CRIMINAL DEBT." In Reinventing the World Bank, 101–30. Cornell University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/9781501729492-006.

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Simitis, Costas. "New Democracy’s criminal indifference." In The European debt crisis, 15–21. Manchester University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9780719095795.003.0002.

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Simitis, Costas. "New Democracy’s criminal indifference." In The European debt crisis. Manchester University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.7765/9781526112019.00008.

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Williams, James G. "On-Line Credit and Debit Card Processing and Fraud Prevention for E-Business." In Advances in Marketing, Customer Relationship Management, and E-Services, 155–73. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7766-9.ch013.

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As the number of purchases over the internet has increased and the method of payment is a credit or debit card, e-commerce merchants must be able to accept online payment using the card data. Cyber-criminals have found ways to capture the information on credit and debit cards and use this information to make purchases and remove money from bank accounts which costs merchants lost revenue and chargebacks fees and costs consumers and banks lost funds. The process by which credit and debit card payments are processed beginning with the e-commerce merchant's website to a card processor or service gateway to the credit or debit card company's network to the issuing bank's network with an accept or decline response being returned to the merchant's shopping cart system via the same networks is discussed. The issue of credit and debit card fraud in terms of how cyber-criminals function and the solutions used to deter these attempts by the cyber-criminals is covered. The security standards and a list of preventive measures that should be used by e-commerce merchants are discussed.
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Williams, James G. "On-Line Credit and Debit Card Processing and Fraud Prevention for E-Business." In Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Fourth Edition, 2707–22. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2255-3.ch236.

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As the number of purchases over the Internet has increased and the method of payment is a credit or debit card, e-commerce merchants must be able to accept on-line payment using the card data. Cyber-criminals have found ways to capture the information on credit and debit cards and use this information to make purchases and remove money from bank accounts which costs merchants lost revenue and chargebacks fees and cost consumers and banks lost funds.. The process by which credit and debit card payments are processed beginning with the e-commerce merchant's web site to a card processor or service gateway to the credit or debit card company's network to the issuing bank's network with an accept or decline response being returned to the merchant's shopping cart system via the same networks is discussed. The issue of credit and debit card fraud in terms of how cyber-criminals function and the solutions used to deter these attempts by the cyber-criminals is covered. The security standards and a list of preventive measures that should be used by e-commerce merchants are discussed.
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Ormerod, David, and Karl Laird. "23. Other offences involving fraud." In Smith, Hogan, & Ormerod's Criminal Law. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198807094.003.0023.

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This chapter focuses on other offences involving fraud, including false accounting, false statements by company directors, suppression of documents, and cheating the public revenue—offences that are addressed in s 17 of the Theft Act 1968. Section 17(1)(a) criminalizes falsification of accounts, etc., whereas s 17(1)(b) criminalizes using a falsified account, etc. Section 17(2) provides an extended, albeit non-exhaustive, definition of falsity. The concept of a claim of right includes a claim to the payment of a debt. If a person genuinely believes in the claim of right to the money to which he acts with a view to gain, there is no reason why he should use false means (evidencing his dishonesty) to acquire that money. This chapter also discusses elements of the fraud-related offences including ‘gain’ and ‘loss’ as defined in s 34(2)(a) of the Theft Act 1968.
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Ormerod, David, and Karl Laird. "23. Other offences involving fraud." In Smith, Hogan, and Ormerod's Criminal Law, 1018–34. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198849704.003.0023.

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This chapter focuses on other offences involving fraud, including false accounting, false statements by company directors, suppression of documents and cheating the public revenue—offences that are addressed in s 17 of the Theft Act 1968. Section 17(1)(a) criminalizes falsification of accounts, etc, whereas s 17(1)(b) criminalizes using a falsified account, etc. Section 17(2) provides an extended, albeit non-exhaustive, definition of falsity. The concept of a claim of right includes a claim to the payment of a debt. If a person genuinely believes in the claim of right to the money to which he acts with a view to gain, there is no reason why he should use false means (evidencing his dishonesty) to acquire that money. This chapter also discusses elements of the fraud-related offences including ‘gain’ and ‘loss’ as defined in s 34(2)(a) of the Theft Act 1968.
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Chea, Chiam Chooi. "The Challenges and Future of E-Wallet." In Encyclopedia of Criminal Activities and the Deep Web, 932–44. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-9715-5.ch063.

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This article covers the introduction of e-wallet, e-wallet key takeaways, e-wallet features, types of e-wallets and its perks, consumers' preferred method of payment, worldwide payment platforms, challenges of e-wallets, the annual payment transactions using e-wallet, the intention to accept the digital payment methods by retailers, the future of e-wallets, solutions and recommendations of e-wallets, and lastly, conclusion and future research on e-wallets. Most of the players in the banking industry foresee that e-wallets will take over the use of cash and credit/debit cards (plastics) by consumers quickly. However, e-wallets have not fully taken off and consumers' reception and interest seem lukewarm. This shows that the concept of e-wallets still has a long way to go. What are the reasons for this phenomenon?
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10

Brink, Stefan. "Where Did the Slaves Come From?" In Thraldom, 77–84. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197532355.003.0005.

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The questions is, where did the Scandinavian slaves come from? Against a background in the Classic slavery, a spinal reflex would be to assume slaves were taken due to war. This does not fit with Scandinavian thraldom. Instead there are several sources to consider: captives from raiding; thralls born into slavery in the household; people being sentenced to (time limited?) slavery for some criminal activity or to pay off a debt; by voluntary submission, giving oneself over to thraldom, so-called gæf-thraldom.
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Conference papers on the topic "Criminal debut"

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Jara, Carlos Gómez. "European Federal Criminal Law: What Can Europe Learn from the US System of Federal Criminal Law to Solve its Sovereign Debt Crisis?" In 2nd Annual International Conference on Law, Regulations and Public Policy (LRPP 2013). Global Science and Technology Forum Pte Ltd, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5176/2251-3809_lrpp13.01.

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