Relevant bibliographies by topics / Criminal methods Research Methodology

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
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Academic literature on the topic 'Criminal methods Research Methodology'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Criminal methods Research Methodology"

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Prosumentov, Lev M., and Alexander V. Shesler. "METHODS OF CRIMINOLOGICAL RESEARCH." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Pravo, no. 37 (2020): 108–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/22253513/37/9.

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The article deals with the methods used in the study of the phenomena that make up the subject of criminology. The main task is to analyze the content of the methodology, general scientific methods, private methods and techniques used in criminological studies. In the course of their work, the authors used metaphysics and dialectic as a methodology; showed the specifics of their application to crime, as well as legal background for the nature of criminality e.g. its public danger. The authors used such general scientific methods as general scientific approaches and mid-level theories. In the case of criminality, the use of a systematic approach and philosophical teaching about human activity is shown. This enabled them to present criminality as a system the structural trait of which is a crime, and a holistic quality is a public danger which synthesizes the public danger of crimes, perpetrators and criminal groups. As a theory of the middle level, the theory of psychological alienation of the person is applied, according to which the typological feature of the criminal's personality is its anxiety for its social or biological status since the crime is psychological protection for external circumstances that cause such anxiety. Among private methods, the emphasis is on the statis-tical method used to characterize quantitative-quality crime indicators and a sociological one (interviewing, conversation, interviews, expert evaluation, analysis of documents, observa-tion). The methods above have limited possibilities: criminal statistics operate with data only on the recorded crimes, reflected in the documents of primary records, the closed criminal environment does not allow to use the method of included surveillance; the method of inter-viewing the participants of criminal groups and their relatives often gives false information, or cannot be applied because the persons in question refuse to be involved in questioning at all; the experiment deals only with certain aspects of criminal justice. The authors conclude that the combination of methodology, general scientific and specific research methods, the specificity of their application to group crime form the methodology of its study. They point out the application in criminology of sociometric and stratometric methods, by which the mechanism of formation, the dynamics of the development of criminal groups is shown, their classification is given, the number of group members is revealed, their status in the group and the structure of the group is established.
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Billis, Emmanouil. "On the methodology of comparative criminal law research." Maastricht Journal of European and Comparative Law 24, no. 6 (December 2017): 864–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1023263x17745795.

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Comparative legal research aims at identifying modern trends in, and searching for convergences and divergences between more than one legal system. Any meaningful implementation of elements of foreign legal systems at the national level and the smooth realization of the objectives of international and supranational justice presuppose a reciprocal understanding between legal orders that adhere to different traditions in terms of their normative foundations. This study focuses on the methodological questions of basic comparative research in the field of criminal justice. The article first briefly addresses the general problem of defining the aims and methods of a (comparative) research project (Section 1). Subsequently, the article explores the research method of functional comparison. The application of the functional method to the analysis of judgments rendered by supranational and international courts is also examined using the example of a recent case decided by the Court of Justice of the European Union on limitation periods (Section 2). The article concludes with an introduction to the construction and application of ideal types for the purposes of analysis and comparison, using the examples of criminal prosecution and procedure, with a special focus on modern evidentiary and plea-bargaining proceedings (Section 3).
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Pudovochkin, Y. E., and M. M. Babayev. "The Need to Update the Research Methodology in Criminal Law Science." Pravosudie / Justice 2, no. 4 (December 25, 2020): 14–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.37399/2686-9241.2020.4.14-43.

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Introduction. The current state of criminal-political theory requires not only a substantive, but also a methodological renewal. This is both through the active creation of new methods and research directions, and also by utilization of already well established methodological principles. One of these principles, is the principle of unity and the struggle of opposites, which taken together constitute the core of dialectical methodology. This to some extent discredited in the history of Russian science, but its potential has not been fully revealed. Deprived of ideological flair, the study of criminal policy from the point of view of analysing its constituent contradictions is a new and promising area of research in the sphere of domestic legal science. Materials and Methods. The study was carried out using the tradition of dialectical understanding of the content and essence of any social phenomenon. This is by a methodology where its state at each specific moment of time is determined by the content and ratio of the opposites that form this phenomenon. From these positions, the current practice of the implementation of criminal policy and its assessment in modern literature are the subject of research. Results. In the analysis of the system of contradictions in criminal policy, it is promising to single for future independent research, two areas. The first is contradictions in the development and contradictions in the functioning of criminal policy. The second is the representation of the relationship between the opposite characteristics of the functioning of criminal policy at a given moment in time. This develops within a certain interval of policy development and manifests itself as a type of tendency. They can both be presented in the form of several groups that reveal the dialectic of the ideal and the material, the structure and functions of the system, the forthcomingly due and the current existing. Discussion and Conclusion. It is fundamentally important to distinguish between contradictions in the functioning of criminal policy and the subjective assessment of criminal policy itself as contradictory. If the subjective assessment is largely dictated by the ideological position of the observer, then the objective contradictions in the functioning of criminal policy are characterised by the eternal coexistence of opposites and their indestructibility. This presupposes their resolution in the context of the multi-vector development of society on a democratic basis by reaching agreement, and in some cases a compromise. The resolution of contradictions in the functioning of criminal policy should be subordinated not so much to the goal of optimising lawmaking or law enforcement activities, but rather to the goal of minimising crime and protecting constitutional values from criminal threats.
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Tarnavsky, Oleg Aleksandrovich. "The goal of the methodology for legal regulation of victim protection." SHS Web of Conferences 118 (2021): 03009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202111803009.

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The purpose of the research is to develop a theoretical concept of a security and recovery arrangements for protecting the violated rights and interests of persons, who have suffered from the commission of crimes in the framework of criminal proceedings, with the determination of the development prospects, legal support as well as the use in law enforcement practice. The methodological background of this research was such fundamental methods of scientific knowledge as general methods (analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, analogy), as well as special methods (comparative legal and formal legal). The research resulted in making the conclusion about the positive transformations in the criminal process of recent years; finally, the victim of a crime is gradually becoming key in the context of the changes introduced by the criminal procedural legislation. But it is believed by the author that the improvement of the criminal procedural mechanism should be not occasional but a comprehensive reform of the goals, objectives and principles of all criminal procedural activities, with an emphasis on the compensatory mechanism of legal regulation. The novelty of the research lies in the author’s approach to the consideration of the stated problem and that it made it possible to assert that the scientific understanding of the ideological content of the methodology of legal regulation of the protection of a victim implies the reform of criminal proceedings, from its content to the procedural position of the victim and restorative procedures.
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Teichmann, Fabian Maximilian Johannes. "Methods of bribery in multinational corporations." Journal of Financial Crime 26, no. 4 (October 7, 2019): 1078–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfc-05-2018-0049.

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Purpose This paper aims to investigate how bribery is conducted in multinational corporations. In particular, sources of funding and methods of transferring bribes are investigated. Design/methodology/approach In all, 100 interviews were conducted with criminals and white-collar crime prevention experts, and responses were subjected to qualitative content analysis. Findings The interviews and survey revealed concrete techniques for creating funds for bribery and transferring bribes to counterparties. The results indicate that the compliance mechanisms aimed at preventing bribery in multinational corporations can be easily circumvented. Research limitations/implications This study’s findings were limited to the perspectives of 100 interviewees. Hence, it is possible that a study with a larger sample conducted in different countries or at a different time could have yielded different results. Practical implications Identifying the concrete methods of funding and transferring bribes should provide both compliance officers and legislators with valuable insights into criminal activity. By better understanding the specific steps taken by criminals, compliance officers should be able to more effectively combat bribery. Originality/value Whereas the prior literature has focused on the organizations and mechanisms involved in combating bribery, this paper instead explores how criminals avoid detection by taking into account existing compliance mechanisms and criminal perspectives.
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Lenkhoboeva, Tatiana Robertovna. "Criminal TV report: assessment methodology (on the example of the Republic of Buryatia)." Филология: научные исследования, no. 11 (November 2020): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0749.2020.11.34285.

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This article attempts to develop methodology for assessing criminal TV reports. The subject of this research is the criteria for assessing the quality of criminal TV report. For conducting detailed assessment of criminal TV report, all criteria were divided into four groups: compliance with legal norms; observance of ethical standards; usage of legal terminology; and adherence to technological parameters. For the assessment of first criterion, all legal norms in criminal TV report can be divided into the following categories: appropriate coverage of investigation, coverage trial, and coverage of situation when the offender or the victim is a minor. In assessment of the parameter “usage of legal terminology", it is emphasized that the journalist should apply such terms as “suspect” and “offender” properly. In analysis of the third parameter, we author relies on the criteria proposed by S. A. Muratov. The questions of improvement of TV content, specifically with regards to criminal journalism, remain relevant. This described methodology would help to improve the forms of submission of the materials and heighten the interest of target audience of mass media. The research was conducted in several steps. Firstly, the author examined the structure of criminal content of Arig Us TV channel. Secondly, , carried out classification of criminal TV reports by topic. Thirdly, developed parameters and criteria for quality assessment of criminal TV reports. And finally, at the stage of testing, analyzed the quality of criminal TV reports. The methods used in the course of this research include classification, analysis, and paperwork.
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Farris, James R. "Criminal Investigation - Art or a Science." Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice 3, no. 4 (December 1987): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104398628700300403.

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There is a trend among teachers and practitioners of criminal investigation to consider quantitative methods of research to be far more valid and efficacious than qualitative methods. The purpose of the paper is to persuade the reader that criminal investigation is more art than science, and quantitative research should merely be ancillary to qualitative. More articles and books are needed that are not limited in scope to the quantifiable, but are based upon or address the subject of qualitative methodology.
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Veresha, Roman. "Criminal and legal characteristics of criminal intent." Journal of Financial Crime 24, no. 1 (January 3, 2017): 118–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfc-02-2016-0013.

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Purpose This paper aims to consider the problems related to criminal legal characteristics of the crime objective and to analyze specific features of the crime objective as the subjective aspect of crime. Design/methodology/approach Research methodology used in studying the criminal legal characteristics of the crime objective was based on the dialectical method of scientific cognition of the social and legal phenomena, its laws and categories. The author used general scientific research methods, systematic, historical, logical and functional, and observation, analysis, comparison and the empirical sociological method. Findings Definition of the crime objective as one of the subjective aspects related to the socially dangerous act will be helpful to detect the real causes of crime and to apply the right type and term of punishment. The crime objective should be understood as the important, well-defined features of conscious mental image of the future desired result, which determines the orientation and order of various actions aimed at crime commitment. Originality/value The paper substantiated the need to determine crime objective as one of the signs of the subjective aspect of crime. This will reveal the real causes of crime and apply the right type and term of punishment. It was established that the crime objective was a psychological phenomenon, and the question of its analysis and study had to be settled with regard to psychology and criminology, which will influence its cognition. The paper provided a definition of crime objective. Based on a scientific approach to the theoretical definition of the objective in the criminal law and the place in the subjective aspect of crime, the author presumed that crime objective had to be regarded as an optional feature of the subjective aspect of crime.
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Zubenko, Evgenii Vladimirovich, Evgenii Nikolaevich Bugaev, and Darima Andreevna Garmaeva. "On the role of legal education of non-professional participants of criminal proceedings in the criminal science." Полицейская и следственная деятельность, no. 2 (February 2021): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-7810.2021.2.29450.

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The research subject is the activity of public authorities and officials related to anti-criminal education of non-professional participants of criminal proceedings, and the legal regulation of such an activity within a criminal investigation. The authors study the role of legal awareness in criminal science. The research object is social relations regulating the activity at the level of public authorities and their officials aimed at legal education. The authors consider legal education as a part of an investigator’s work, which should be reflected in criminal science. The research methodology is based on the dialectical and formal-legal research methods, as well as the analysis of regulatory documents and criminalistic literature. The authors describe the role of legal education (in the course of their formation) within the structure of criminal science. It can be implemented within one or several tactical methods (their combination); as a general provision of the criminal investigation technique; as a subtheory of criminal science.   
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Zhesterov, Pavel V. "The Place of Criminal Repression in the Modern Criminal Law Futurology." Legal education and science 10 (October 8, 2020): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/1813-1190-2020-10-35-40.

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Purpose. The author reveals the issues of a new direction of criminological foresight - criminal law futurology. The author clarifies the role of predictions in the fight against crime and the prevention of crimes by criminal means. Methodology: the study uses a set of dialectical, systemic, logical methods. The author pays special attention to the genesis of the essence and content of criminological forecasting. Conducts a comparative analysis of the latest forecasting methods, based on the use of modern technologies and based on mathematical tools. Conclusions. The author concludes that further short-term and long-term criminological studies of a prognostic nature are necessary, the results of which can be more widely used in the formation and implementation of criminal policy. The author indicates promising directions for further scientific research.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Criminal methods Research Methodology"

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Kremling, Janine. "An Analysis of the Influence of Sampling Methods on Estimation of Drug Use Prevalence and Patterns Among Arrestees in the United States: Implications for Research and Policy." Scholar Commons, 2010. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3480.

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Using data from the Drug Use Forecasting (DUF) and the Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring (ADAM) programs collected by the National Institute of Justice the question whether the drug estimates of DUF, using a non-probability sample, and the drug use estimates of ADAM, using a probability sample, yield substantially different results will be explored. The following main questions will be addressed using equivalence analysis: Are there substantial differences in the DUF and ADAM samples with regard to the drug use information obtained from arrestees at nine sites across the United States? The analysis suggests that the drug use information contained in DUF and ADAM is not substantially different for marijuana, cocaine, and opiates for all sites analyzed together. Additionally, there are no substantial differences for seven of the nine sites. The implications of these findings are discussed.
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Miller, Michael Chad. "Global Resource Management of Response Surface Methodology." PDXScholar, 2014. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1621.

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Statistical research can be more difficult to plan than other kinds of projects, since the research must adapt as knowledge is gained. This dissertation establishes a formal language and methodology for designing experimental research strategies with limited resources. It is a mathematically rigorous extension of a sequential and adaptive form of statistical research called response surface methodology. It uses sponsor-given information, conditions, and resource constraints to decompose an overall project into individual stages. At each stage, a "parent" decision-maker determines what design of experimentation to do for its stage of research, and adapts to the feedback from that research's potential "children", each of whom deal with a different possible state of knowledge resulting from the experimentation of the "parent". The research of this dissertation extends the real-world rigor of the statistical field of design of experiments to develop an deterministic, adaptive algorithm that produces deterministically generated, reproducible, testable, defendable, adaptive, resource-constrained multi-stage experimental schedules without having to spend physical resource.
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Vähänikkilä, H. (Hannu). "Statistical methods in dental research, with special reference to time-to-event methods." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2015. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526207933.

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Abstract Statistical methods are an essential part of the published dental research. It is important to evaluate the use of these methods to improve the quality of dental research. In the first part, the aim of this interdisciplinary study is to investigate the development of the use of statistical methods in dental journals, quality of statistical reporting and reporting of statistical techniques and results in dental research papers, with special reference to time-to-event methods. In the second part, the focus is specifically on time-to-event methods, and the aim is to demonstrate the strength of time-to-event methods in collecting detailed data about the development of oral health. The first part of this study is based on an evaluation of dental articles from five dental journals. The second part of the study is based on empirical data from 28 municipal health centres in order to study variations in the survival of tooth health. There were different profiles in the statistical content among the journals. The quality of statistical reporting was quite low in the journals. The use of time-to-event methods has increased from 1996 to 2007 in the evaluated dental journals. However, the benefits of these methods have not been fully adopted in dental research. The current study added new information regarding the status of statistical methods in dental research. Our study also showed that complex time-to-event analysis methods can be utilized even with detailed information on each tooth in large groups of study subjects. Authors of dental articles might apply the results of this study to improve the study protocol/planning as well as the statistical section of their research article
Tiivistelmä Tilastolliset tutkimusmenetelmät ovat olennainen osa hammaslääketieteellistä tutkimusta. Menetelmien käyttöä on tärkeä tutkia, jotta hammaslääketieteen tutkimuksen laatua voitaisiin parantaa. Tämän poikkitieteellisen tutkimuksen ensimmäisessä osassa tavoite on tutkia erilaisten tilastomenetelmien ja tutkimusasetelmien käyttöä, raportoinnin laatua ja tapahtumaan kuluvan ajan analysointimenetelmien käyttöä hammaslääketieteellisissä artikkeleissa. Toisessa osassa osoitetaan analysointimenetelmien vahvuus isojen tutkimusjoukkojen analysoinnissa. Ensimmäisen osan tutkimusaineiston muodostavat viiden hammaslääketieteellisen aikakauslehden artikkelit. Toisen osan tutkimusaineiston muodostivat 28 terveyskeskuksessa eri puolella Suomea hammashoitoa saaneet potilaat. Lehdet erosivat toisistaan tilastomenetelmien käytön ja tulosten esittämisen osalta. Tilastollisen raportoinnin laatu oli lehdissä puutteellinen. Tapahtumaan kuluvan ajan analysointimenetelmien käyttö on lisääntynyt vuosien 1996–2007 aikana. Tapahtumaan kuluvan ajan analysointimenetelmät mittaavat seuranta-ajan tietystä aloituspisteestä määriteltyyn päätepisteeseen. Tämän väitöksen tutkimukset osoittivat, että tapahtumaan kuluvan ajan analysointimenetelmät sopivat hyvin isojen tutkimusjoukkojen analysointiin. Menetelmien hyötyä ei ole kuitenkaan vielä saatu täysin esille hammaslääketieteellisissä julkaisuissa. Tämä tutkimus antoi uutta tietoa tilastollisten tutkimusmenetelmien käytöstä hammaslääketieteellisessä tutkimuksessa. Artikkelien kirjoittajat voivat hyödyntää tämän tutkimuksen tuloksia suunnitellessaan hammaslääketieteellistä tutkimusta
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Mehess, Shawn James. "Finding the Missing Links: A Comparison of Social Network Analysis Methods." PDXScholar, 2016. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2728.

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Too many students leave school without even the essential skills (ACT, 2011), and many others are so drained by the experience they lack a desire to continue on to a post-secondary education. Academic engagement has emerged as a construct representing students’ personal investment in school (Greenwood, Delquadri, & Hall, 1984), and may be a psychological variable which can be intervened on. However, interventions must occur as quickly as possible to maximize their efficiency (Heckman, 2007). Students’ peer groups may be a particularly potent venue of intervention, however several options exist for how to go about measuring their social networks. In this thesis, social networking data of the only middle school of a small town in the north-eastern United States is analyzed to determine the properties of two collection methods (self-reported networks and participant observations) and four network identification methods (probability scores, reciprocal nominations, factor-analyses, and rule-based). Analyses overwhelmingly supported participant observations as a more inclusive, less biased data collection method than self-reports. Meanwhile, hypothesis tests were somewhat mixed on the most inclusive, least biased network identification method, but after a consideration of the findings and the structural properties of each network, the probability score method was deemed the most useful network. Implications, future research, strengths, and limitations are discussed.
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Krause, Wesley Allen. "An evaluation methodology using probation classification instruments in the selection of a nonequivalent control group." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1989. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/436.

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Ogden, Mitchell. "Communications and Methodologies in Crime Geography: Contemporary Approaches to Disseminating Criminal Incidence and Research." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3652.

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Many tools exist to assist law enforcement agencies in mitigating criminal activity. For centuries, academics used statistics in the study of crime and criminals, and more recently, police departments make use of spatial statistics and geographic information systems in that pursuit. Clustering and hot spot methods of analysis are popular in this application for their relative simplicity of interpretation and ease of process. With recent advancements in geospatial technology, it is easier than ever to publicly share data through visual communication tools like web applications and dashboards. Sharing data and results of analyses boosts transparency and the public image of police agencies, an image important to maintaining public trust in law enforcement and active participation in community safety.
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Nyberg, Dan. "An investigation of qualitative research methodology for perceptual audio evaluation." Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Medier ljudteknik och upplevelseproduktion och teater, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-17438.

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This thesis investigates whether a qualitative research method, using phenomenological interviews and analysis, can be successfully applied to perceptual audio research, a field heretofore that has mainly used quantitative methods. The method is investigated by studying the types of information elicited by the method and the information’s usefulness and relevance to the conducted study. The qualitative method is applied in three different conditions: a non-experimental condition, an experimental condition, and an experimental condition using mixed-methods. The thesis also identifies implications associated with using a qualitative method in a quantitative field of research, implications that researchers should acknowledge and consider. All scientific criteria in which the quantitative research is judged cannot directly be applied to a qualitative method. A qualitative method has to be judged on its own framework, departure points, and scientific criteria. The information elicited from the qualitative method contains information that supports known knowledge and adds new knowledge. It supplements the accessibility to the subjects’ perceptions and used methods when conducting a perceptual evaluation task. In conclusion, a qualitative research method that consists of phenomenological interviews and analyses can be successfully applied in all the tested conditions.

Godkänd; 2012; 20121119 (dannyb); LICENTIATSEMINARIUM Ämne: Ljudteknik Examinator: Biträdande professor Jan Berg, Luleå tekniska universitet Diskutant: PhD, Senior Lecturer Natanya Ford, Bucks New University, United Kingdom Tid: Fredag den 18 januari 2013 kl 13.00 Plats: L165, Musikhögskolan Piteå, Luleå tekniska universitet

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Warren, Scott Joseph. "A Multi-Methodology Study of the Historic Impact of Soft Systems Methodology and Its Associated Data Visualization Approach in the Context of Operations and Business Strategy." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1404615/.

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The purpose of this three-essay dissertation was to expand knowledge and theory regarding soft systems methodologies (SSMs) and data visualization approaches in business, engineering, and other social sciences. The first essay depicts a bibliometric analysis study of the historic impacts of SSM from 1980-2018 on business, engineering, and other social sciences fields. This study found 285 articles that described or employed SSM for research and included outcomes such as top SSM authors, author citation impacts, common dissemination outlets, time-bound distribution of publications, and other relevant findings. This study provided a picture of who, what, why, when, and where SSM has had the greatest impact on academic thought and practice. The second essay presents research on the academic impact of Systemigrams, an associated data visualization approach, finding examples of conceptual or research development that employed Systemigrams to depict complex problem situations. Recommendations for improvement of designing these data visualizations to increase their field use resulted from this study. The final essay leverages a selection of the articles as use cases to produce a grounded theory study to identify phenomena that arose from the use of SSM for operations and firm strategy research. This study identified two broad themes including (i) scope, structure, and process challenges and (ii) performance and evaluation limitations. These themes were explained by six patterns that emerged from the publications. Each produced change recommendations for SSM process, practice, and reporting to support its continued viability and adoption in business and operations research.
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Li, Shangfu. "Development of chemical derivatization methods for cis-diol-containing metabolite detection by using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2016. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/323.

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Cis-diol-containing metabolites have attracted increasing attention in recent years. These metabolites widely exist in the body fluids and tissues. They play important roles in the structure, function and metabolic activity of cells. Some of them are related to cell proliferation and metabolic processes. And they have been used to denote a state of disease as potential biomarkers. Several methods have been developed for the analysis of cis-diol-containing metabolites. However, these methods faced a challenge to separate and detect isomers of these compounds, particularly for compounds with low abundance and high polarity. Therefore, novel methods were necessary to improve the separation and detection sensitivity of this kind of metabolites. With this aim, chemical derivatization methods were developed for cis-diol-containing metabolite detection by using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in this project. These methods were optimized and validated to achieve the optimal reaction conditions. And they were applied to study real-world biological systems, including the changes of modified nucleosides in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) nude mice and toxic effects of bisphenol A (BPA) exposure. Firstly, the derivatization reaction of cis-diol compounds with acetone were optimized. Factors that affected reaction efficiency were investigated by reacting guanosine (G) with acetone. The optimal reaction conditions were validated by detecting four acetonides of urinary nucleosides by using LC-MS/MS. The results showed that the approach had good linearity, accuracy and precision. The recoveries were ranged from 92.9% to 103.5%. It indicated that the assay was reproducible. The robust method should be potentially useful for the analysis of modified nucleosides and other cis-diol-containing metabolites in biological samples. The validated derivatization method was applied to determine urinary nucleosides by LC-MS. This method not only improved the retention of nucleosides on reversed-phase column, but also reduced the matrix effect from urine samples and enhanced detection sensitivity of mass spectrometry. Isotope labeling method with acetone-d6 and multivariate statistical analysis enabled the positive identification of 56 nucleosides, including 52 modified nucleosides. The obtained results indicated that the derivatization method was practical, fast and effective for the identification of urinary nucleosides. It was successfully applied to study the changes of urinary nucleosides in nude mice bearing HCC. Some significantly changed nucleosides were identified as potential biomarkers. Subsequently, this approach was modified by employing parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) method which was based on high resolution MS to detect urinary nucleosides in rats exposed to BPA. Comparing to the data acquired by triple quadrupole MS with neutral loss scanning, higher specificity and sensitivity were achieved by using PRM scanning mode. Therefore, more nucleosides were identified by using the method in urine samples (from 56 up to 66). The changes of the detected nucleosides were studied in the rats exposed to BPA. Various trends of modified nucleosides were observed with different dose BPA exposure. Specifically, the high-dose exposure group was the most strongly affected. The biomarker of RNA oxidation, 8-hydroxyguanosine (8-oxoG), showed significant change in this group. It proved that BPA exposure could induce RNA damage when the dose of BPA was beyond a certain amount. Except for nucleosides, other cis-diol-containing metabolites, such as carbohydrates, were also studied by using the derivatization method. Acetone and acetone-d6 were applied to label the cis-diol metabolites. Based on the chemical isotope labeling, cis-diol metabolites were easily recognized from urine samples. Influence of BPA exposure on these metabolites was investigated by comparing different doses of BPA administration on rats. Analytes showed noticeable difference were highlighted. Pathway analysis indicated that galactose metabolism, nucleoside and its analogues metabolism were disturbed. The derivatization method was extended to quantify nucleotides in plasma samples. According to the specific physical-chemical properties of nucleotides, the method was improved to fit the requirement of analysis by using 1,1-Dimethoxycyclohexane (DMCH) as derivatization agent and formic acid (FA) as catalyst. Tip micro-columns packed with TiO2 were used for selective adsorption of nucleotides in the plasma. Then in-situ derivatization were carried out to change the polarity of targeted compounds. LC-MS analysis of the derivatization products were employed without using ion-pairing reagents. This method exhibited a high selectivity for the extraction of nucleotides. After derivatization, retention of nucleotides on reversed-phase C18 column was improved. Complete separation of nucleotides with the same base was achieved. The peak shape was symmetrical and the tailing was eliminated by using high pH mobile phase. The method settled the problems of nucleotide detection, which were poor retention, trailing, in-source fragmentation and contamination of ion-pairing reagents. The quantitative method was successfully applied to determine the content of nucleotides in plasma samples of rats exposed to BPA. It was simple and fast, as well as good selectivity and stability. It could be extended to detection of other phosphorylated metabolites with similar structure. To our best knowledge, it was the first time to employ derivatization methods to detect cis-diol-containing metabolites. The methods decreased the matrix effects of complex biological samples, and also decreased the polarity of cis-diol-containing metabolites. The changes of properties not only improved the chromatographic separation, but also enhanced the MS intensities. The methods overcame the problems of cis-diol-containing metabolite detection on reversed-phase column. They were successfully applied to study the changes of cis-diol-containing metabolites of HCC and toxic effects of BPA exposure. The method might be extended to determine other cis-diol-containing metabolites in urine samples as well as in cells, tissues and plasma samples. It might be valuable for the understanding of the roles of cis-diol-containing metabolites in in cell metabolism.
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Wilcke, Juliane Charlotte. "An evaluation of means of inquiry into the biological evolution of consciousness." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Department of Psychology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/5070.

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How can the biological evolution and functions of consciousness be studied? The purpose of this thesis was to determine not only what means of inquiry are available to do so but also how good they are or, more specifically, how promising they are with respect to the research goal of giving a scientifically respectable evolutionary explanation of consciousness. Because no suitable or easily adaptable evaluation system or set of evaluative criteria was available, I constructed a systematic tool for evaluating the promise of means of inquiry. The evaluation tool has three dimensions--relevance, efficacy, and practicality--with two criteria each, which are assessed independently (except for the relevance criteria) and synthesised into dimensional and promise scores. This tool served to evaluate, and advise on, 23 means of inquiry that have been used in the investigation of the evolution of consciousness, including its adaptation status and evolutionary functions. The core of the thesis is formed by the evaluation tool and its application. After establishing the need for an evaluation of means of inquiry in this area and presenting the evaluation tool constructed for this purpose, I apply the tool to arguments that consciousness is an evolutionary adaptation, to general reasoning strategies, and to evolutionary strategies. This thesis core is preceded by a contextual introduction to consciousness and evolutionary theory and by the dismissal of some sceptical positions. It is followed by a comparative review of the evaluation results and an evaluation of the evaluation tool. The main contributions of this research consist of the promise evaluation tool for means of inquiry, which is underpinned by a new evaluative theory and available for use by other researchers; and, through the tool's application, an improved understanding of means of inquiry and recommendations about which of them to use for the present research goal.
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Books on the topic "Criminal methods Research Methodology"

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Vito, Gennaro F. Introduction to criminal justice research methods. Springfield, Ill: C.C. Thomas, 1988.

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Research methods in criminal justice. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1994.

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1950-, Neuman William Lawrence, ed. Criminal justice and criminology research methods. 2nd ed. Boston: Prentice Hall, 2012.

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Applied research methods in criminal justice. Chicago: Nelson-Hall Publishers, 1997.

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R, Babbie Earl, ed. Research methods for criminal justice and criminology. 6th ed. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Cengage Learning, 2011.

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D, Hunter Ronald, ed. Research methods for criminology and criminal justice. 2nd ed. Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett, 2006.

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Champion, Dean J. Research methods for criminal justice and criminology. Englewood Cliffs, N.J: Regents/Prentice Hall, 1993.

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1937-, Roberson Cliff, ed. Criminal justice research methods: Theory and practice. 2nd ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2011.

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Kraska, Peter B. Essential criminal justice and criminology research methods. Boston: Prentice Hall, 2011.

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1950-, Neuman William Lawrence, ed. Essential criminal justice and criminology research methods. Boston: Prentice Hall, 2011.

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Book chapters on the topic "Criminal methods Research Methodology"

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Sæbjørnsen, Siv Elin Nord, Sarah Hean, and Atle Ødegård. "Facilitating Understanding of Ex-Prison Service Users’ Needs: The Utility of Q Method as a Means of Representing Service User Voices in Service Development." In Improving Interagency Collaboration, Innovation and Learning in Criminal Justice Systems, 341–74. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70661-6_14.

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AbstractNovel approaches are needed if the voices of prisoners as service users are to be heard in service development and organisational learning. In this chapter we introduce Q methodology and suggest how this research method can be applied in order to reveal the views of service users in contact with the criminal justice system. We illustrate this by describing the development of a set of Q statements used to elicit the perspectives of ex-prisoners’ experiences of service provisions in an UK mentorship organisation. We discuss how Q methodology can be applied to capture ex-prison service users’ views in research, in therapy or in dialogues between service user and mentor, as well as in including service users’ voices in service development.
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Tracy, Paul E., and Kimberly Kempf-Leonard. "Research Design and Methodology." In Continuity and Discontinuity in Criminal Careers, 55–77. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9844-9_4.

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Golka, Philipp. "Methodology and Research Methods." In Financialization as Welfare, 57–71. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-06100-5_4.

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Kholeif, Ahmed O., Magdy G. Abdel-Kader, and Michael J. Sherer. "Research Methodology and Methods." In Enterprise Resource Planning, 91–110. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230584051_4.

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Abdel-Kader, Magdy G., and Erin Yu-Ching Lin. "Research Methodology and Methods." In Performance Measurement of New Product Development Teams, 94–123. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230584273_5.

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Wisker, Gina. "Research Methodology and Methods." In The Undergraduate Research Handbook, 88–98. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-230-36496-7_8.

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Sueda, Kiyoko. "Research Methodology and Methods." In Negotiating multiple identities, 77–102. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-008-7_5.

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Datta, Poulomee. "Methodology and Research Methods." In SpringerBriefs in Education, 37–51. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-017-9_4.

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Bachmann, Bernhard. "Research Methodology and Methods." In Ethical Leadership in Organizations, 65–92. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42942-7_4.

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Thomas, C. George. "Major Research Methods." In Research Methodology and Scientific Writing, 65–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64865-7_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Criminal methods Research Methodology"

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"A Proposed Representative Sampling Methodology." In 19th European Conference on Research Methods. ACPIL, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.34190/erm.20.067.

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Xin, Zhang. "The Reflection and Construction on the Research Methods of Science of Criminal Investigation." In 2015 International Conference on Social Science and Technology Education. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icsste-15.2015.206.

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"Studying Dynamic Processes by Experience Sampling Methodology: Challenges and Opportunities for Organization Research." In 19th European Conference on Research Methods. ACPIL, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.34190/erm.20.064.

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Zhang, Shucui, and Yulin Zhang. "Research on System Methodology and Cognitive Methods in Computation Subject." In 2009 First International Workshop on Education Technology and Computer Science. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/etcs.2009.428.

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van der Westhuizen, Thea. "Action! Methods to Develop Entrepreneurship." In 18th European Conference on Research Methodology for Business and Management Studies. Academic Conferences and Publishing Limited, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.34190/rm.19.085.

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"System of Organizational Terms as Theoretical Foundation of a Research Methodology Aimed at Team Management Automation." In 19th European Conference on Research Methods. ACPIL, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.34190/erm.20.0108.

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"Methodology of Factor Analysis of the Importance of the Supra-Professional Competencies of Graduates for Employers." In 19th European Conference on Research Methods. ACPIL, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.34190/erm.20.084.

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Katuu, Shadrack. "The Utility of Visual Methods in the Research Odyssey." In 18th European Conference on Research Methodology for Business and Management Studies. Academic Conferences and Publishing Limited, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.34190/rm.19.044.

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Rich, Martin, Ann Brown, and Aneesh Banerjee. "The Challenge of Introducing the Subject of Research and Research Methods to Business Undergraduates." In 18th European Conference on Research Methodology for Business and Management Studies. Academic Conferences and Publishing Limited, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.34190/rm.19.038.

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Grzeszczyk, Tadeusz A. "Symbolic and Non-symbolic Project Evaluation Methods." In 18th European Conference on Research Methodology for Business and Management Studies. Academic Conferences and Publishing Limited, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.34190/rm.19.081.

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Reports on the topic "Criminal methods Research Methodology"

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Jones, Nicole S., and Gerald LaPorte. 2017 National Institute of Justice Forensic Science Research and Development Symposium. RTI Press, May 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2017.cp.0004.1705.

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The 2017 National Institute of Justice (NIJ) Forensic Science Research and Development (R&D) Symposium is intended to promote collaboration and enhance knowledge transfer of NIJ-funded research. The NIJ Forensic Science R&D Program funds both basic or applied R&D projects that will (1) increase the body of knowledge to guide and inform forensic science policy and practice or (2) result in the production of useful materials, devices, systems, or methods that have the potential for forensic application. The intent of this program is to direct the findings of basic scientific research; research and development in broader scientific fields applicable to forensic science; and ongoing forensic science research toward the development of highly discriminating, accurate, reliable, cost-effective, and rapid methods for the identification, analysis, and interpretation of physical evidence for criminal justice purposes.
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Jones, Nicole S. 2018 National Institute of Justice Forensic Science Research and Development Symposium. RTI Press, April 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2018.cp.0007.1804.

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The 2018 National Institute of Justice (NIJ) Forensic Science Research and Development (R&D) Symposium is intended to promote collaboration and enhance knowledge transfer of NIJ-funded research. The NIJ Forensic Science R&D Program funds both basic or applied R&D projects that will (1) increase the body of knowledge to guide and inform forensic science policy and practice or (2) result in the production of useful materials, devices, systems, or methods that have the potential for forensic application. The intent of this program is to direct the findings of basic scientific research; research and development in broader scientific fields applicable to forensic science; and ongoing forensic science research toward the development of highly discriminating, accurate, reliable, cost-effective, and rapid methods for the identification, analysis, and interpretation of physical evidence for criminal justice purposes.
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Jones, Nicole S., and Erica Fornaro, eds. 2019 National Institute of Justice Forensic Science Research and Development Symposium. RTI Press, February 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2018.cp.0009.1902.

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The 2019 National Institute of Justice (NIJ) Forensic Science Research and Development (R&D) Symposium is intended to promote collaboration and enhance knowledge transfer of NIJ-funded research. The NIJ Forensic Science R&D Program funds both basic or applied R&D projects that will (1) increase the body of knowledge to guide and inform forensic science policy and practice or (2) result in the production of useful materials, devices, systems, or methods that have the potential for forensic application. The intent of this program is to direct the findings of basic scientific research; research and development in broader scientific fields applicable to forensic science; and ongoing forensic science research toward the development of highly discriminating, accurate, reliable, cost-effective, and rapid methods for the identification, analysis, and interpretation of physical evidence for criminal justice purposes.
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Jones, Nicole S., and Erica Fornaro, eds. 2020 National Institute of Justice Forensic Science Research and Development Symposium. RTI Press, March 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2020.cp.0012.2003.

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The 2019 National Institute of Justice (NIJ) Forensic Science Research and Development (R&D) Symposium is intended to promote collaboration and enhance knowledge transfer of NIJ-funded research. The NIJ Forensic Science R&D Program funds both basic or applied R&D projects that will (1) increase the body of knowledge to guide and inform forensic science policy and practice or (2) result in the production of useful materials, devices, systems, or methods that have the potential for forensic application. The intent of this program is to direct the findings of basic scientific research; research and development in broader scientific fields applicable to forensic science; and ongoing forensic science research toward the development of highly discriminating, accurate, reliable, cost-effective, and rapid methods for the identification, analysis, and interpretation of physical evidence for criminal justice purposes.
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Jones, Nicole S., and Erica Fornaro. 2021 National Institute of Justice Forensic Science Research and Development Symposium. RTI Press, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2021.cp.0013.2104.

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The 2021 National Institute of Justice (NIJ) Forensic Science Research and Development (R&D) Symposium is intended to promote collaboration and enhance knowledge transfer of NIJ-funded research. The NIJ Forensic Science R&D Program funds both basic or applied R&D projects that will (1) increase the body of knowledge to guide and inform forensic science policy and practice or (2) result in the production of useful materials, devices, systems, or methods that have the potential for forensic application. The intent of this program is to direct the findings of basic scientific research; research and development in broader scientific fields applicable to forensic science; and ongoing forensic science research toward the development of highly discriminating, accurate, reliable, cost-effective, and rapid methods for the identification, analysis, and interpretation of physical evidence for criminal justice purposes.
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Yunus, Raudah Mohd, Pauline Oosterhoff, Charity Jensen, Nicola Pocock, and Francis Somerwell. Modern Slavery Prevention and Responses in Myanmar: An Evidence Map. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/clarissa.2020.002.

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This Emerging Evidence Report describes the availability of evidence on modern slavery interventions in Myanmar presented in the programme's interactive Evidence Map. This report on Myanmar uses the same methodology and complements the evidence map on interventions to tackle trafficking, child and forced labour in South Asia for Nepal, India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. The Evidence Map provides an outline of where evidence is concentrated and where it is missing by mapping out existing and ongoing impact evaluations and observational studies exploring different types of modern slavery interventions and outcomes for specific target populations (survivors, employers, landlords, service providers, criminal justice officials) and at different levels (individual, community, state). It also identifies key ‘gaps’ in evidence. Both the Evidence Map and this report foremost target the UK Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO) and its partners in the CLARISSA research programme to support evidence-informed policymaking on innovations to reduce the worst forms of child labour. We hope that it is also useful to academics and practitioners working to address modern slavery, or in the intervention areas and locations described.
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Temple, Dorota S., Jason S. Polly, Meghan Hegarty-Craver, James I. Rineer, Daniel Lapidus, Kemen Austin, Katherine P. Woodward, and Robert H. Beach III. The View From Above: Satellites Inform Decision-Making for Food Security. RTI Press, August 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2019.rb.0021.1908.

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Despite notable progress in reducing global poverty and hunger in recent decades, about one out of nine people in the world suffers from hunger and malnutrition. Stakeholders charged with making decisions pertaining to agricultural production, development priorities, and policies at a region-to-country scale require quantitative and up-to-date information on the types of crops being cultivated, the acreage under cultivation, and crop yields. However, many low- and middle-income countries lack the infrastructure and resources for frequent and extensive agricultural field surveys to obtain this information. Technology supports a change of paradigm. Traditional methods of obtaining agricultural information through field surveys are increasingly being augmented by images of the Earth acquired through sensors placed on satellites. The continued improvement in the resolution of satellite images, the establishment of open-access infrastructure for processing of the images, and the recent revolutionary progress in artificial intelligence make it feasible to obtain the information at low cost and in near-to-real time. In this brief, we discuss the use of satellite images to provide information about agricultural production in low-income countries, and we comment on research challenges and opportunities. We highlight the near-term potential of the methodology in the context of Rwanda, a country in sub-Saharan Africa whose government has recognized early the value of information technology in its strategic planning for food security and sustainability.
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Chervinchuk, Alina. THE CONCEPT OF ENEMY: REPRESENTATION IN THE UKRAINIAN MILITARY DOCUMENTARIES. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.49.11063.

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Research methodology. The following methods were used in this research: general scientific methods (descriptive, analysis, synthesis, comparison) and special (structural, hermeneutic, narrative, method of content analysis). We identified words related to the concept of the enemy and determined the context in which they are used by the authors of the collections Results. The formats of reflection of military reality in collections of military documentaries are investigated. It is emphasized that the authors-observers of events as professional communicators form a vision of events based on categories understandable to the audience – «own» and «others». Instead, the authors-participants go events have more creative space and pay more attention to their own emotional state and reflections. It is defined how the enemy is depicted and what place he occupies in the military reality represented by the authors. It is emphasized that the authors reflect the enemy in different ways. In particular, the authors-observers of the events tried to form a comprehensive vision of the events, and therefore paid much attention to the opposite side of the military conflict. Authors-participants of the events tend to show the enemy as a mass to be opposed. In such collections, the enemy is specified only in the presence of evidence confirming the presence of Russians or militants. Novelty. The research for the first time investigates the methods of representation of mi­litary activity in the collections of Ukrainian military documentaries. The article is devoted to the analysis of how the authors represent the enemy. Practical importance. The analysis of collections of military documentaries will allow to study the phenomenon of war and to trace the peculiarities of the authors’ representation of military reality.
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Reynolds, Christian, Libby Oakden, Sarah West, Rachel Pateman, and Chris Elliott. Citizen Science and Food: A Review. Food Standards Agency, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.nao903.

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Citizen science and food is part of a new programme of work to explore how we can involve the communities we serve when building the evidence-base on which policy decisions are made. Citizen science is an approach that can provide high volumes of data with a wide geographic spread. It is relatively quick to deploy and allows access to evidence we would ordinarily have difficulty collating. This methodology has been endorsed by the European Commission for Research, Science and Innovation. There is no one size fits all definition, but citizen science projects involves engaging with communities and asking them to be part of the project, either through engaging them in data collection or through other ways of co-creation. For participants, citizen science offers learning opportunities, the satisfaction of contributing to scientific evidence and the potential to influence policy. It can also give us data which is high in volume, has wide geographical spread, is relatively quick to deploy and that we couldn’t access any other way. Projects using these methods often involve engaging with communities and asking them to be part of the project. This can be either through working with them in data collection, or through co-creation. This report demonstrates that the research community are already undertaking numerous pieces of research that align with FSA’s evidence needs. This includes examples from the UK and other global communities. Participants in such research have collected data on topics ranging from food preparation in the home to levels of chemical contaminant in foods. The findings of this report outline that citizen science could allow the FSA to target and facilitate more systematic engagement with UK and global research communities, to help address key research priorities of the FSA.
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Stelmakh, Marta. HISTORICAL CONTEXT IN THE COLLECTION OF ARTICLES BY TIMOTHY SNYDER «UKRAINIAN HISTORY, RUSSIAN POLITICS, EUROPEAN FUTURE». Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.50.11098.

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The article examines the problem of the image formation of Ukraine in the international arena in the historical journalism of Timothy Snyder. The subject of the research is the historical context in the journalistic collection «Ukrainian History, Russian Politics, European Future». It identifies the main considerations of the author on the past of Russian-Ukrainian relations and the need to develop historical consciousness in the fight against Russian manipulation. Methodology: the comparative, historical, system analysis and other methods are used in the process of scientific research. The results of the study were obtained by analysing the author’s journalistic works and by considering the main historical themes raised by Timothy Snyder. Main results: The historical context in Timothy Snyder’s journalism is often focused on the Holodomor and the events of World War II. After all, these events are connected with the beginning of the image formation of the Ukrainian people as supporters of Nazism by the Russian authorities and the devaluation of the Ukrainians’ contribution to the establishment of peace during the Second World War. It is determined that the non-reflective attitude to history, the inability to draw parallels between the events of the past and the future leads to an ineffective response to manipulation and propaganda, which can threaten world peace. Conclusions: the realization that Russian aggression against Ukraine has its own history is a necessary aspect in the elucidation of this issue. The Eurasian Union and cooperation with the European far-right are Russian propaganda tools that discredit the Ukrainian state in the world community. Publicist Timothy Snyder points out that Europe’s future interconnects with the past, so he emphasizes the need to study and rethink history, which today has become the object of propaganda and manipulation. Significance: The results of our study will help journalists who study the historical aspect of journalistic materials and research foreign materials on Ukrainian issues. In addition, our research is necessary for Ukraine, because Russia’s aggression continues, as well as the aggressor’s propaganda, which is based on the distortion and falsification of historical events.
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