Journal articles: 'Criminal profiler'

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Olszak-Häußler, Karolina. "Profiler as an expert – selected issues." Issues of Forensic Science 298 (2017): 69–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.34836/pk.2017.298.4.

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Despite the fact that criminal profiling attracts massive media attention, our knowledge about the process of elaborating expert opinions containing criminal profiles is very limited. Based on the literature review, the author attempts to answer the questions: what is the objective of appointing an expert in the field of criminal profiling? and, which criteria should be applied to the evaluation of expert opinion?. Based on the content of the present article, it can be concluded that the current state of knowledge does not allow to determine unequivocally whether the profiler needs special knowledge, nor what should be the scope of such knowledge. Moreover, it cannot be clearly determined, whether the profile provides information of relevance to the resolution of the case. However, there is no doubt that wherever criminal profile takes the form of an expert opinion, it should be subject to very careful control, in accordance with the provisions of the Code of Criminal Procedure and doctrine recommendations regarding this matter.

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Snook, Brent, Richard M. Cullen, Craig Bennell, Paul J. Taylor, and Paul Gendreau. "The Criminal Profiling Illusion." Criminal Justice and Behavior 35, no. 10 (October 2008): 1257–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854808321528.

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There is a belief that criminal profilers can predict a criminal's characteristics from crime scene evidence. In this article, the authors argue that this belief may be an illusion and explain how people may have been misled into believing that criminal profiling (CP) works despite no sound theoretical grounding and no strong empirical support for this possibility. Potentially responsible for this illusory belief is the information that people acquire about CP, which is heavily influenced by anecdotes, repetition of the message that profiling works, the expert profiler label, and a disproportionate emphasis on correct predictions. Also potentially responsible are aspects of information processing such as reasoning errors, creating meaning out of ambiguous information, imitating good ideas, and inferring fact from fiction. The authors conclude that CP should not be used as an investigative tool because it lacks scientific support.

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Gregoriou, Christiana. "Schematic incongruity, conversational power play and criminal mind style in Thomas Harris’ Silence of the Lambs." Language and Literature: International Journal of Stylistics 29, no. 4 (November 2020): 373–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963947020968663.

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This article considers the construction of the profilers and criminals in Thomas Harris’ (2013) [1988] novel Silence of the Lambs through the analysis of selected indicative criminal mind-related extracts. The aim is to consider such characters’ construction through analysis of schematic incongruity, conversational power play, language depicting the actual fictional criminal viewpoint and, lastly, psychological profiling language, the style of which has criminal mind style ‘potential’. Schematic incongruity has a role to play in generating impressions of both the normality and abnormality of psychological profilers and the killers they pursue. Serial killers are constructed as not only physically/psychologically ‘abnormal’ but also as ‘abnormals’ amongst other ‘abnormals’ in terms of their conversational patterns, too. Where some criminals’ apparent reluctance, or inability, to accord to conversational norms marks them as uncivilised, killer/profiler Lecter’s mostly conventional conversational politeness marks him out as indirectly mocking the social norms he sometimes chooses to accord to. Where killer Gumb is concerned, profiling language and language depicting his criminal viewpoint draws on metaphors and references to killing being likened to hunting, work and art, suggesting that killing is necessary, commendable and ceremonial, the victims’ mere things to be utilised in a venture that can only be described as worthy. Though Lecter is shown to be ‘born’ into deviant behaviour, and Gumb is suggested to have been ‘made’ into a criminal, the novel undoubtedly suggests connections, similarities even, between both such character types’ extreme criminal behaviour and those wanting to understand ‘criminal minds’ through the profiling practice.

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FINN, ROBERT. "Criminal Profiler Shares Some Secrets of the Trade." Clinical Psychiatry News 36, no. 5 (May 2008): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0270-6644(08)70322-9.

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Correia, Elisabete, Susana Lucas, and Alicia Lamia. "Profiling: Uma técnica auxiliar de investigação criminal." Análise Psicológica 25, no. 4 (December 9, 2012): 595–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.14417/ap.468.

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No domínio da Psicologia Forense emerge uma nova técnica de investigação criminal – o profiling – e destaca-se, por consequente, um tipo de investigador novo – o profiler. Para definir o profiling é necessário considerar o contributo das várias abordagens internacionais que permitem compreender a utilidade e a aplicabilidade desta técnica. O que se constata é uma complementaridade dos diferentes métodos. Portanto, uma abordagem colectiva e pluridisciplinar pode optimizar as probabilidades de sucesso pericial e aumentar a força probante da perícia em criminologia, vitimologia e profiling, com fins preventivos.

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Kocsis, Richard N., and George B. Palermo. "Clothes Don’t Maketh the Man Nor a Criminal Profiler an Expert Witness." International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 64, no. 12 (March 19, 2020): 1317–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x20909218.

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The article by Kocsis and Palermo, published in 2016, examined the findings of research which had assessed the validity of the investigative technique colloquially known as criminal profiling. These findings were subsequently considered within the framework of their relevance to the admissibility of the technique as a form of expert witness evidence. The overall conclusion was that a discrete facet of the profiling technique may satisfy some of the requisite legal criteria for admissibility in jurisdictions within the United States. However, this conclusion was based upon studies which used samples of senior forensic psychiatrists and psychologists as the tested profilers. In this regard, it was noted that this parameter may preclude the generalization of this conclusion to other professional groups who do not possess such qualifications. Accordingly, the present article explores the potential admissibility of law enforcement personnel who are not qualified forensic mental health practitioners tendering expert witness evidence in the nature of criminal profiling. The conclusion of this analysis is that law enforcement personnel who possess suitable expertise in the analytic task of criminal profiling arguably possess an analogous knowledge base akin to the aforementioned senior forensic psychiatrists and psychologists. On this basis, the conclusions in Kocsis and Palermo, published in 2016, may extend to such personnel and their potential to likewise provide expert witness evidence.

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Kaluga, K. V. "PROFILING - AS A MODERN INSTALLATION MEANS PERSONS OF THE CRIMINAL." Collection of scientific works of the Military Institute of Kyiv National Taras Shevchenko University, no. 69 (2020): 110–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2519-481x/2020/69-11.

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The article is devoted to the analysis of the method of profiling the identity of an unknown criminal. The possibilities of profiling the identity of the offender (including the world wide web) and the practice of its application in the activities of law enforcement agencies in the investigation of crimes are investigated. Profiling (English Profile-profile) - profile, outline, outline, draw in profile - an integrated crime prevention technique by highlighting the characteristics of persons who have committed a crime or are preparing to commit it on the basis of psychological, criminological, criminalistic and sociological knowledge; a set of methods and techniques for assessing and predicting human behavior based on the analysis of the most informative signs, forensic portrait of a person, characteristics of appearance, non-verbal and verbal behavior, location and the like. Specialists who collect, process data, analyze and obtain an image are called profilers. Today, in law enforcement agencies, not only the profiling technique is not widely used. They do not use this term at all. It is noted that the effectiveness of the profiler depends primarily on its communicative abilities, the ability to verbal and non-verbal means to read the information that the interlocutor provides. Verbal means include language and speech, and non-verbal means the appearance of the interlocutor, facial expressions, timbre, tone, voice intonation, gestures, poses. Both groups of means are used in communication, and non-verbal ones are less dependent on the conscious control of a person. Thus, profiling is used not only to search for unknown criminals, but also to prevent illegal actions. The use of profiling as a component of law enforcement has positive and negative aspects. In Ukraine, profiling is only just beginning to be introduced into the activities of law enforcement agencies, so the further development of this problem taking into account foreign experience is relevant. The content of the use of profiling, the types and main areas of profiling are highlighted. A specific example of a model of a forensic portrait of a person is given. The article contains a number of recommendations for achieving practical results.

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Kocsis, Richard N., and George B. Palermo. "Criminal profiling as expert witness evidence: The implications of the profiler validity research." International Journal of Law and Psychiatry 49 (November 2016): 55–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlp.2016.05.011.

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Gardner, Trevor G. "Racial Profiling as Collective Definition." Social Inclusion 2, no. 3 (September 17, 2014): 052–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/si.v2i3.126.

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Economists and other interested academics have committed significant time and effort to developing a set of circumstances under which an intelligent and circumspect form of racial profiling can serve as an effective tool in crime finding–the specific objective of finding criminal activity afoot. In turn, anti-profiling advocates tend to focus on the immediate efficacy of the practice, the morality of the practice, and/or the legality of the practice. However, the tenor of this opposition invites racial profiling proponents to develop more surgical profiling techniques to employ in crime finding. In the article, I review the literature on group distinction to discern its relevance to the practice and study of racial profiling. I argue that the costs of racial profiling extend beyond inefficient policing and the humiliation of law-abiding minority pedestrians and drivers. Racial profiling is simultaneously a process of perception and articulation of relative human characteristics (both positive and negative); it binds and reifies the concepts of race and criminality, fixing them into the subconscious of the profiled, the profiler, and society at large.

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Mastronardi, Vincenzo, and Giovanni Neri. "Serial murders: criminological profiles." Rivista di Psicopatologia Forense, Medicina Legale, Criminologia 22, no. 1-2-3 (December 27, 2017): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/psyco.2017.9.

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The present work embraces multiple aspects related to the theme of serial murder, which is essentially addressed by a criminological and personological perspective. Attention will be focused first on the serial killer figure, which will analyze both the intrapsychic peculiarities and the most intrinsic motivations behind the homicidal action as well as the more technical and specific aspects of the modus operandi and the signature that convey this kind of offenders. At the same time, a victimological overview will be developed, focusing on the preferential victims in this delinquent mode. The article will also highlight a categorization of serial killings based on the motive, as well as different classifications of the major types of serial killers identified by multiple authors. Finally, criminal profiling will be analyzed, deepening the role of the profiler in investigations and outlining the presumed personality of the offender, thus circumscribing the field of potential investigators with particular reference to US reality. ---------- Il lavoro qui presentato abbraccia molteplici aspetti relativi al tema dell’omicidio seriale, che viene essenzialmente affrontato da una prospettiva criminologica e personologica. L’attenzione, infatti, si concentrerà inizialmente sulla figura del serial killer, di cui saranno analizzate sia le peculiarità intrapsichiche sia le motivazioni più intrinseche alla base dell’azione omicidiaria, nonché gli aspetti più tecnici e specifici quali il modus operandi e la firma, che connotano questo tipo di autori di reato. Parallelamente verrà sviluppata una panoramica vittimologica, con focus sulle vittime preferenziali in questa modalità delittuosa. L’articolo porterà inoltre alla luce sia una categorizzazione degli omicidi seriali in base al movente, sia diverse classificazioni dei principali tipi di serial killer individuati da più autori. Infine si parlerà di criminal profiling, e sarà approfondito il ruolo che il profiler assume nelle indagini, delineando la presumibile personalità del reo, e circoscrivendo così il campo dei potenziali indagati, con particolare riferimento alla realtà statunitense. ---------- El trabajo presentado aquí abarca múltiples aspectos relacionados con el tema del asesinato en serie, que se aborda esencialmente desde una perspectiva criminológica y personológica. De hecho, la atención se centrará en la figura del asesino en serie, que analizará las peculiaridades intrapsíquicas y los motivos más intrínsecos de la acción homicida, así como aspectos más técnicos y específicos, como el modus operandi y la firma, que transmiten este tipo de delincuentes. Al mismo tiempo, se desarrollará un panorama vistimológico centrado en las víctimas preferenciales en este modo delincuente. El artículo también destacará una categorización de asesinatos en serie basados en el motivo, así como varias clasificaciones de los principales tipos de asesinos en serie identificados por múltiples autores. Finalmente, se tratará sobre la caracterización delictiva, y se profundizará el papel que el perfilador tomará en la investigación, delineando la presunta personalidad del delincuente y circunscribiendo así el campo de investigadores potenciales, con referencia particular a la realidad estadounidense.

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Gaensslen, R. E. "Should Biological Evidence or DNA Be Retained by Forensic Science Laboratories after Profiling? No, except under Narrow Legislatively-Stipulated Conditions." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 34, no. 2 (2006): 375–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2006.00042.x.

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DNA profiling and databasing have become commonplace in criminal investigation and prosecution. There is a body of both state and federal legislation enabling the establishment and operation of profile databases for law enforcement purposes. Most legislation is specific as to who (or what evidence) may be profiled for inclusion in a database. The majority of state laws permit DNA profile databasing of offenders convicted of certain defined crimes, of missing persons and their relatives, and of DNA profiles from criminal-case evidence where the depositor is unknown. More recently, a few states have acted to permit databasing profiles of suspects of certain types of crimes, and there appears to be a trend toward wider adoption of this practice. The legislation adopted or proposed thus far defines whose DNA profiles can be databased, and under what circumstances. Less attention has been given to the matter of specimen retention following profiling and databasing.

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Kocsis, Richard N., Jenny Middledorp, and Andrew C. Try. "Cognitive Processes in Criminal Profile Construction: A Preliminary Study." International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 49, no. 6 (December 2005): 662–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x05278516.

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This study undertook an empirically based examination of the cognitive processes associated with the accurate construction of a criminal psychological profile. This was accomplished by comparing the abilities of profilers and nonprofilers in two simulated profiling exercises that measured both profile accuracy and an individual's performance on various tests of memory and comprehension related to the case materials presented in each exercise. The results of these experiments suggest that an incremental relationship exists between comprehension of the case materials and accuracy of the profiles generated. In addition, the findings provide some tentative indications that the comprehension of case material in a narrative (i.e., written) format is an integral cognitive function to proficient profiling.

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Polovnikov, Vadym, Viacheslav Biletskyi, Viktor Tyshchuk, and Yurii Overchenko. "Criminological profile of a perpetrator of a high treason." Revista Amazonia Investiga 9, no. 28 (April 21, 2020): 176–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.34069/ai/2020.28.04.21.

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The article presents the analysis of specific criminological features of the persons who have committed high treason in order to know their typical criminological profile. For the purpose of that, 39 court decisions of the Unified State Register of Judgments (hereinafter: USRJ) of Ukraine, which were made against persons who committed this type of crime, were examined. Socio-demographic (gender, age, education, nationality) and criminal-law (motivation of the criminal behavior, single or group criminal character of criminal activity, duration of criminal activity, presence or absence of criminal record, etc.) were estimated in investigation. Generalization and interpretation of the results of court decisions made it possible to simulate a typical criminological profile of the perpetrator of the state treason and to identify certain specific characteristics of the subjects of this crime. It is concluded that knowledge of the criminological profile of the state traitor is of great importance for the profile of criminals by law enforcement agencies, which are empowered to prevent crime in the field of national security.

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Canter, David. "Criminal profile." New Scientist 207, no. 2779 (September 2010): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(10)62332-9.

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Pandya, Samta P. "Dealing with crime, criminals and the criminal justice system through spirituality." Police Journal: Theory, Practice and Principles 90, no. 4 (December 13, 2016): 348–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032258x16681024.

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Based on a post-test experimental RCT study of 1,698 police officers across 15 countries, the objective is to study the influence of spirituality on their views on crime, criminals and the justice system, and its influence on perceived job stress and resilience building. Results of the structural equation models and path analysis showed that spiritual programmes influenced the treatment group police officers’ views on crime and the system and enabled building resilience. Variations were observed by country, religion, job profile and service duration. Findings build a case for spiritual training of the police officers interfacing with the domain of criminology.

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Olszak-Häußler, Karolina. "Understanding the concept of trace in criminal profiling." Issues of Forensic Science 291 (2016): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.34836/pk.2016.291.2.

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This article addresses the use of the term „trace” for the purposes of criminal profiling. In the literature on criminal profiling, “trace” is usually associated with such terms as “physical”, “forensic”, “behavioral” and “psychological”, whereby the two latter are considered to be the domain of profilers. The aim of this article is to familiarize the reader with the classification of traces used by criminal profilers, usually consisting of physical and forensic traces, as well as the way in which behavioral and psychological traces are defined in criminal profiling. Attention is also drawn to the fact that behavioral and psychological traces are understood in a different way by various authors. Moreover, it happens that the same author gives different meanings to the same term. Meanwhile, the lack of established definitions of behavioral and psychological traces may hinder the evaluation of expert opinions concerning criminal profiles, issued for the purpose of criminal proceedings.

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Adeyiga, J. A., S. O. Olabiyisi, and E. O. Omidiora. "A comparative analysis of selected clustering algorithms for criminal profiling." Nigerian Journal of Technology 39, no. 2 (July 16, 2020): 464–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njt.v39i2.16.

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Several criminal profiling systems have been developed to assist the Law Enforcement Agencies in solving crimes but the techniques employed in most of the systems lack the ability to cluster criminal based on their behavioral characteristics. This paper reviewed different clustering techniques used in criminal profiling and then selects one fuzzy clustering algorithm (Expectation Maximization) and two hard clustering algorithm (K-means and Hierarchical). The selected algorithms were then developed and tested on real life data to produce "profiles" of criminal activity and behavior of criminals. The algorithms were implemented using WEKA software package. The performance of the algorithms was evaluated using cluster accuracy and time complexity. The results show that Expectation Maximization algorithm gave a 90.5% clusters accuracy in 8.5s, while K-Means had 62.6% in 0.09s and Hierarchical with 51.9% in 0.11s. In conclusion, soft clustering algorithm performs better than hard clustering algorithm in analyzing criminal data. Keywords: Clustering Algorithm, Profiling, Crime, Membership value

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Anderson, Lauren C., and Arthur A. Raney. "Exploring the Relationship Between Sports Fandom and the Black Criminal Stereotype." Communication & Sport 6, no. 3 (June 29, 2017): 263–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2167479517713152.

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In news media, one stereotype that has continually been perpetuated is the overrepresentation of Blacks as criminals, leading to what many refer to as “the Black criminal stereotype.” Although research suggests that distorted portrayals of criminals in news affect social reality judgments regarding race and crime and provoke stereotypical responses in viewers, limited evidence exists that connects these effects to sport media. However, recent instances involving issues related to race and crime in sport have prompted us to consider the prevalence of a Black criminal stereotype among sport fans. With increased media attention given to off-field transgressions—particularly, violent ones perpetuated by high-profile Black athletes—we are left wondering how such attention may influence fans’ attitudes and beliefs. We explored these issues in an experimental study ( n = 234). Our findings not only revealed evidence of a Black criminal stereotype among sports fans but also that sports fans differ from nonfans in basic attitudes and beliefs about crime and violence in sport. More specifically, the more a participant claimed to be a fan of sports and (more so) combative sports, the more she or he viewed an athlete charged with domestic abuse in a favorable light.

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Konieczny, Marcin K. "THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF CAR CRIME AND CURRENT CHANGES IN ITS PROFILE." PRZEGLĄD POLICYJNY 139, no. 3 (November 30, 2020): 151–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.5588.

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The article presents the evolution of car crime. It discusses the causes and conditions of vehicle theft. It also presents an aspect of the professionalisation of criminals, which was infl uenced by the emergence of modern anti-theft systems. It has also resulted in the creation of groups, among which individuals are engaged in a specifi c task involving planning, taking the vehicle, and then its legalisation and sale. The paper also discusses the issues of counteracting car crime, including the importance of international cooperation of police services and cooperation of vehicle manufacturers, which helps to prevent such criminal acts.

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Menzies, Robert. "Historical profiles of criminal insanity." International Journal of Law and Psychiatry 25, no. 4 (July 2002): 379–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0160-2527(02)00129-2.

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Khanmohammadi, A., M. Kalantarian, F. Alipour, and F. Mohammadi Kordekheyli. "Personality and Crime: Developing a Personality Profile for Criminal People." European Psychiatry 24, S1 (January 2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)71312-4.

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Introduction and aim:A review of available evidence indicate that crime features depend on many and variable factor. for example psychological, environmental, personality cal and so on. in psychology and psychiatry it seems personality plays important role in tendency to crime. So we aim to develop a personality profile for our crime sample. So we aim to develop a personality profile for our criminal sample.Method:38 male with history of crime and sent to jail were randomly selected and Eysence's Personality Questionnaire was administered on them. the questionnaire assesses personality on four dimension: Extroversion, Introversion, Neuroticism and lie detector.Results:Result showed the criminals have high score in Neuroticism and Extroversion and their profile shows critical situations that need treatment interventions.Conclusion:It is recommended to plan psychiatric interventions to reduce level of Neuroticism in them and direct them to better and social behavior.

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Karpuszenko, Elena. "CHARACTERISTICS OF FEMALE MURDERERS IN POLAND." SOCIETY. INTEGRATION. EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 3 (May 26, 2017): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/sie2017vol3.2251.

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The problems analysed in the study were inspired by the increasing number of reports on violent criminal acts committed by women as perpetrators. Therefore, it is worth analysing the motivations for committing the most serious crimes by women. Furthermore, the study took into consideration the determinants of committing the crimes that were connected with family and non-family environments of the criminals. The analysed factors included personality, experiences from the childhood, school and professional situation. The analyses discussed in the study attempted to determine a female murderer profile.

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ZAVYALOV, Vladimir Vladimirovich. "SELECTION FEATURES OF THE SUBJECT SIDE OF THE CONTENT OF ENGLISH TEACHING TO STUDENTS OF “JURISPRUDENCE” PROGRAMME." Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities, no. 177 (2018): 30–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/1810-0201-2018-23-177-30-38.

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We examine the main trends in foreign language teaching for professional communication in high school students of the “Jurisprudence” programme, the impact of studying on the formation of general cultural and professional competences, as well as differentiation on various training profiles and their influence on the future professional activity. Allocation of training profiles for law students are conditioned both by the capabilities of a particular higher education institution and by the needs of the region for specialists with fundamental knowledge in certain areas of law. In most universities of the Russian Federation within the framework of the “Jurisprudence” programme, three training profiles are distinguished: state law, criminal law, and civil law. Within the framework of the model of integrated subject-language learning of a foreign language for professional communication, the subject content of training should be correlated with the future professional activity of students and the profile of training. The analysis of the main modern vocational education programs (OPOP) in the “Jurisprudence” programme of most universities in the country indicates that the subject content of foreign language teaching is invariant for all training profiles and does not reflect the specifics of the future professional activity of graduates. We describe the specifics of training for each profile in the framework of the “Jurisprudence” programme and highlight the subject content of English teaching to students of state law, civil law, and criminal law training profiles.

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Dong, Xi Shang, Huai Zhi Ma, and Zhen Yang. "An Application of AHP and FAHP on the Model Prediction." Applied Mechanics and Materials 687-691 (November 2014): 1641–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.687-691.1641.

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Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) are important methods in model prediction. In this paper, a case concerning in how to estimate the serial criminal’s next possible crime location is researched. Two models are devised to determine the “geographical profile” of a suspected serial criminal. Model 1 is proposed that we use the AHP and consider many factors which may influence a criminal to choose his next crime location. Model 2 is an improvement of Model 1. It is a combination of the FAHP and the Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Theory (FCET). And it overcomes the difficulty of dealing with uncertain factors, which model 1 cannot work. In the end, performances of the above models are analyzed.

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Doleac, Jennifer L. "The Effects of DNA Databases on Crime." American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 9, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 165–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/app.20150043.

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Every US state has a database of criminal offenders' DNA profiles. These databases receive widespread attention in the media and popular culture, but there has been no rigorous analysis of their impact on crime. This paper intends to fill that gap. I exploit the details and timing of state DNA database expansions in two ways, first to address the effects of DNA profiling on individuals' subsequent criminal behavior and then to address the aggregate effects on crime rates. I show that DNA databases deter crime by profiled offenders, reduce crime rates, and are more cost-effective than traditional law enforcement tools. (JEL H76, K42)

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Sellers-García, Sylvia. "Walking While Indian, Walking While Black: Policing in a Colonial City." American Historical Review 126, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 455–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ahr/rhab197.

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Abstract This article focuses on policing reforms that took place during the last decades of colonial rule in Guatemala City. Based on an examination of criminal cases and legislation, it argues that these changes prompted a policing wave—rather than a crime wave—at the end of the colonial period. In this critical moment, police placed particular emphasis on arresting nonwhite men for crimes related to vagancia (being unemployed) and carrying weapons. Broadly written bans ensured that all manner of instruments—even work tools—could be construed as instruments of violence. The result of this targeted policing was the creation of a criminal profile inflected by race, gender, and class; criminals, the new policing regulations argued, were nonwhite, laboring men. This article argues that there is a longer history of racialized policing, starting in the late eighteenth century, and methods and mindsets developed then have created a legacy of colonial policing into the present.

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Lester, Michael E., Ashley B. Batastini, Riley Davis, and Guy Bourgon. "Is Risk-Need-Responsivity Enough? Examining Differences in Treatment Response Among Male Incarcerated Persons." Criminal Justice and Behavior 47, no. 7 (June 7, 2020): 829–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854820915740.

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Research examining the efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in reducing recidivism has paid little attention to treatment factors contributing to response variability. Using an archival sample of 448 participants exposed to a risk-need-responsivity (RNR)-informed CBT program or no treatment, a multigroup latent profile analysis yielded a four-profile solution: a treatment-nonresponsive group and three treatment-responsive groups. Among the treatment-responsive profiles, reduced criminal attitudes were most predictive of desistance from reoffending. Elevated rates of recidivism and negligible gains following treatment were associated with pretreatment elevations in antisocial traits, risk level, and negative attitudes toward treatment. These findings underscore a greater need for individualized assessment of risk and treatment motivation, the importance of altering criminal sentiments to prevent reentry into the system upon release, and challenge the idea that 200 hours of treatment is sufficient for lasting change. Study limitations and further directions are discussed, including the need for correctional treatment outcome research to better isolate individual differences.

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Cereda, Giulia, and Richard D. Gill. "A Nonparametric Bayesian Approach to the Rare Type Match Problem." Entropy 22, no. 4 (April 13, 2020): 439. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22040439.

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The “rare type match problem” is the situation in which, in a criminal case, the suspect’s DNA profile, matching the DNA profile of the crime stain, is not in the database of reference. Ideally, the evaluation of this observed match in the light of the two competing hypotheses (the crime stain has been left by the suspect or by another person) should be based on the calculation of the likelihood ratio and depends on the population proportions of the DNA profiles that are unknown. We propose a Bayesian nonparametric method that uses a two-parameter Poisson Dirichlet distribution as a prior over the ranked population proportions and discards the information about the names of the different DNA profiles. This model is validated using data coming from European Y-STR DNA profiles, and the calculation of the likelihood ratio becomes quite simple thanks to an Empirical Bayes approach for which we provided a motivation.

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Ahonen, JeffreyA, and DeannaL Sgambati. "U.S. criminal justice interest groups: Institutional profiles." Journal of Criminal Justice 22, no. 4 (January 1994): 389–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0047-2352(94)90088-4.

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Nguyen, Oanh Van, Cong Van Lai, Hai Thanh Luong, and Toan Quang Le. "Exploring Loan Sharks in Online Peer-to-Peer Lending Applications: A Case Study of Vietnam." International Journal of Criminology and Sociology 10 (August 23, 2021): 1298–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/1929-4409.2021.10.150.

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Online peer-to-peer lending applications have emerged in some recent years in Vietnam, where the consumer lending market is potential for financial companies. This country faces challenges to control the online lending business. As a result, criminals find loopholes in the legal system on this business to commit loan sharks. This article targets to explore the nature of the connection between a loan shark and online peer-to-peer lending applications through interviewing with police officials in their specific operation investigated. The findings highlight a close structure of criminal groups related to loan sharks via this lending platform and a comprehensive profile of borrowers. These findings suggest some recommendations for fighting against this crime effectively in the coming time.

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Craig, Learn A. "Crime by Design: An Exploratory Investigation." International Journal of Police Science & Management 1, no. 2 (May 1998): 109–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/146135579900100202.

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This paper extends and develops Newman's (1972) theory of defensible space, by investigating changes in criminal activity as a result of a re-development programme initiated by a district council and local police authority. As part of a re-development programme, the housing estate underwent changes in environmental and residential design as part of a crime prevention campaign to reduce criminal activity. The offence types: burglary, criminal damage, theft of a motor vehicle and theft from a motor vehicle were assessed both before and after the implementation of the redevelopment programme. Problems in analysing qualitative data were overcome by using a non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis, Partial Order Scalogram Analysis (POSA). The crime site profiles of all four offences were shown to be qualitatively and quantitatively different in the ‘new’ estate. It was found that, where access by both roads and footpaths had been restricted, the crime site profile changed favouring features such as a corner and terraced and identifying a new, vulnerable property. Reported offences relating to motor vehicles reduced significantly. However, incidences of both burglary and criminal damage increased. It was argued that this shift in offence type was an example of ‘displacement theory’, whereby, due to the restrictions imposed in the new estate, the criminal activity had been displaced towards an alternative offence.

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Parida, Dillip Kumar, and D. Prasanna Kumar. "A Framework to Score the Risk Associated with Suspicious Money Laundering Activity and Social Media Profile." Indian Journal of Finance and Banking 4, no. 2 (July 15, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.46281/ijfb.v4i2.662.

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Money laundering has immense entailments. The criminal who possesses black money and wants to mask it as legitimate must fabricate the source to look genuine. It makes the crime organized and more systematic to break the financial system. The existing AML (Anti Money Laundering) solutions and its design based on the creation of a transaction profile. Most of the leading AML software focuses on financial transactions and rarely focuses on linked suspicious individual’s social media profiles. Social networking is one of the most popular platforms to interact with others and millions of users use these platforms to communicate with each other from around the world. At the same time, the web has plenty of social and demographic information to create an accurate profile that aims to construct a legitimate profile. This paper consolidates the fragmented discussion from several articles and provides a detailed view of fraud profile identification. Practical insights are identified from various AML solutions and summarized from an extensive literature review. The risk scoring framework and definitions of filters can be widened to include more parameters for effective alert generation. In this paper, we propose an approach and risk scoring framework to assess customer profiles that drive the suspicious profile or transactions based on social media attributes.

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Lee, Seon Min, Eun Young Park, Sang Hwang Hong, and Soo Jung Lee. "PAI Profile of Criminal types among prison inmates." KOREAN JOURNAL OF FORENSIC PSYCHOLOGY 10, no. 3 (November 30, 2019): 149–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.53302/kjfp.2019.11.10.3.149.

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Schilling, Natalie, and Alexandria Marsters. "Unmasking Identity: Speaker Profiling for Forensic Linguistic Purposes." Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 35 (March 2015): 195–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0267190514000282.

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ABSTRACTWhen an anonymous speech sample is associated with a criminal matter, for example in the case of a phoned-in bomb threat or ransom demand, forensic linguistic profiling may be used to infer attributes of the speaker from his or her linguistic characteristics. In this review, we present research and case examples outlining what types of speaker characteristics are discoverable via speaker profiling by expert linguists, for example, gender, age, and region of socialization. We also consider different methods in speaker profiling, including aural-perceptual, acoustic phonetic, and automated, and briefly discuss expert versus nonexpert speaker profiling, as well as the proper role of linguistic profilers versus law enforcement and legal professionals, government agencies, and others with whom forensic linguists work. Finally, we address the problem of voice and dialect disguise, including what types of disguises criminals may effect and what methods can be used to unmask them, including human and automated. We illustrate our points by alluding, throughout the review, to various elements of a case in which we recently served as expert linguistic profilers.

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Livingston, James D., Derek Wilson, George Tien, and Lynda Bond. "A Follow-up Study of Persons Found Not Criminally Responsible on Account of Mental Disorder in British Columbia." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 48, no. 6 (July 2003): 408–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674370304800608.

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Objective: To describe the characteristics of individuals found not criminally responsible on account of mental disorder (NCRMD) after the 1992 Criminal Code amendments and to track their movement through the forensic system, as well as to unveil the changes to British Columbia's forensic psychiatric system that resulted from Bill C-30. Method: Profile information relating to persons found NCRMD between February 4, 1992, and February 4, 1998, in British Columbia was collected and analyzed. Community follow-up data was collected and analyzed for a 24-month period following a subject's discharge from hospital. Results: A substantially greater number of individuals entered the forensic psychiatric system in British Columbia after Bill C-30 was implemented. The post-1992 forensic psychiatric population contained fewer persons charged with serious index offences and a greater number of persons charged with relatively minor offences. The length of hospitalization for the NCRMD cohort decreased substantially after the 1992 Criminal Code amendments. Conclusion: The Bill C-30 provisions have made the NCRMD defence an attractive option for defendants and legal counsel.

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Pecino-Latorre, María del Mar, María del Carmen Pérez-Fuentes, and Rosa María Patró-Hernández. "Homicide Profiles Based on Crime Scene and Victim Characteristics." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 19 (September 27, 2019): 3629. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16193629.

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One of the current trends in homicide research includes developing works based on scientific study and empirical evidence, which offer conclusions that can be used in an operational manner during police investigations. The objective of this study was to identify homicide characteristics from behaviors carried out on the crime scene and victim characteristics associated with those of the perpetrators of these crimes in Spain. The sample consisted of 448 homicide cases from the database of the Homicide Revision Project led by the Office of Coordination and Studies of the Secretary of State and Security. After creating six classification tree models, it was found that the modus operandi of the aggressor and the victim characteristics may permit hypothesizing about the demographic characteristics of the perpetrator (gender, age, and country of origin), his/her criminal record, and the type of relationship with the victim. Furthermore, the importance of the study of victimology during a criminal investigation is highlighted, as it may indirectly offer information about the potential perpetrator. The findings of this study suggest that criminal profiling contributes notably to the decision-making process to establish more rigorous suspect prioritization, improve the management of human resources and materials, and increase the efficiency of criminal investigations.

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Petrašinović, Stefan. "Criminal offense and Facebook." Zbornik radova Pravnog fakulteta, Novi Sad 54, no. 1 (2020): 469–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zrpfns54-26037.

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The development of modern internet technologies has provided numerous ways for mass communication of people. One of these ways is through social networks. With more than two billion users worldwide, Facebook is the most massive social network of today and a powerful tool for sharing a wealth of data, images and other materials through their profiles, which may even be publicly accessible to an indefinite number of individuals. With such capabilities, Facebook is a suitable tool for various abuses and for committing various offenses. It is a common situation for users to post different statuses, photos, snapshots through profiles, or post comments on statuses, photos or snapshots, of offensive content. From the point of view of our positive criminal law, the criminal protection of the honor and reputation of the individual, as intangible human values, is not in dispute in these situations. However, the question arises of the legal qualification of such incriminated conduct, that is, whether through these acts of the perpetrators the basic or qualified form of the offense of offenses referred to in Art. 170 of the Criminal Code, given the particular means of enforcement. The author points out the facts and circumstances that influence the legal qualification of the criminal offense of insult through Facebook, its appearance, as well as various possible ways of its realization by several persons.

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Kocsis, Richard N. "An Empirical Assessment of Content in Criminal Psychological Profiles." International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 47, no. 1 (February 2003): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x02239273.

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Shao, Mei-Ling, Chris Newman, Christina D. Buesching, David W. Macdonald, and Zhao-Min Zhou. "Understanding wildlife crime in China: Socio-demographic profiling and motivation of offenders." PLOS ONE 16, no. 1 (January 28, 2021): e0246081. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0246081.

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Wildlife crime presents a growing threat to the integrity of ecological communities. While campaigns have raised consumer awareness, little is known about the socio-demographic profile of wildlife offenders, or how to intervene. Using data from China Judgements Online (2014–2018), we documented 4,735 cases, involving 7,244 offenders who smuggled, hunted, transported, sold and/or purchased protected species in contravention of China’s Criminal Law. Offenders were predominantly men (93.0% of 7,143 offenders), aged 30–44 (43.9% of 4,699), agricultural workers (48.4% of 3,960), with less schooling (78.6% of 4,699 < senior secondary school). Socio-economic profiles related to crime seriousness, the type of illegal activity, motivation and taxon involved. These generalizations reveal scope to tailor specific intervention and mitigation approaches to offender profiles, through public information campaigns, proactive incentives opposed by punitive disincentives, and provision of alternative incomes.

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Higham, Lorraine, Alessandra Girardi, and Holly Victoria Edwards. "Clinical and criminal profile of internet offenders with ASD." Journal of Intellectual Disabilities and Offending Behaviour 12, no. 2 (March 11, 2021): 61–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jidob-09-2020-0016.

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Purpose Autism-specific characteristics have been associated with internet criminal activities. Internet and non-internet offenders differ on a series of demographic, psychological and offending variables. However, the clinical and criminal presentation of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in forensic secure care settings has been underexplored. This paper aims to explore the profiles of internet offenders with ASD admitted to a secure psychiatric unit. Design/methodology/approach This study provides the results of a service evaluation of individuals with ASD. The demographic, clinical and criminal characteristics of a small sample of internet offenders with ASD admitted to secure care are described and discussed. Findings Internet offenders present in secure care with high rates of comorbid disorders, histories of violence and traumatic experiences, mood disorders and difficulties with relationships. Of the 24 internet offenders discussed, 18 of them committed an offence of a sexual nature involving children. Originality/value This paper highlights the potential risks for individuals with ASD in using the internet and the possible difficulties associated with detecting this because of rapid advancements in technology.

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Bolker, Benjamin, and Ethan D. Bolker. "Modeling Juror Decay in a High Profile Criminal Trial." Math Horizons 5, no. 2 (November 1997): 12–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10724117.1997.11975032.

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Soothill, Keith, Brian Francis, and Elizabeth Ackerley. "Kidnapping: a criminal profile of persons convicted 1979–2001." Behavioral Sciences & the Law 25, no. 1 (January 2007): 69–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bsl.684.

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Blindenbach, Jacob A., Karthik A. Jagadeesh, Gill Bejerano, and David J. Wu. "Avoiding genetic racial profiling in criminal DNA profile databases." Nature Computational Science 1, no. 4 (April 2021): 272–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s43588-021-00058-3.

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Walton, Douglas, and Fabrizio Macagno. "Profiles of Dialogue for Relevance." Informal Logic 36, no. 4 (December 14, 2016): 523. http://dx.doi.org/10.22329/il.v36i4.4586.

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This paper uses argument diagrams, argumentation schemes, and some tools from formal argumentation systems developed in artificial intelligence to build a graph-theoretic model of relevance shown to be applicable (with some extensions) as a practical method for helping a third party judge issues of relevance or irrelevance of an argument in real examples. Examples used to illustrate how the method works are drawn from disputes about relevance in natural language discourse, including a criminal trial and a parliamentary debate.

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Lashkarev, A. N. "INTELLECTUAL METHODS FOR DETERMINING THE FACTORS OF THE CRIMINAL LANDSCAPE OF RUSSIAN REGIONS." Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series Economics and Law 31, no. 1 (February 12, 2021): 102–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2412-9593-2021-31-1-102-107.

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In the context of significant transformations taking place in society, it is especially important to prevent a slide into chaos, and to ensure a stable and secure socio-economic environment. One of the main problems is the heterogeneity of management objects, in this case, the structure of crime in the regions of the Russian Federation. To determine the similarity of the structure of the regional economy, the author compares the structure of indicators of criminal statistics per registered crime. The author presents the "criminal profile" of each region as a set of numbers (a vector) that represents the relative contribution of each indicator of criminal statistics, thus leveling the factor of the size of the regions. Thus, the overall level of crime by region is not compared, only the share of indicators of criminal statistics is analyzed, which can be called the "criminal profile" of the region. Reasonable conclusions are made about the presence of objective prerequisites for the allocation of groups of regions. Possible ways of practical application of this classification are considered.

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Adhiatma, Widhi, and Magdalena S. Halim. "Personality Profile Differences Between Prisoners and Non-Prisoners Using the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5)." ANIMA Indonesian Psychological Journal 31, no. 2 (January 25, 2016): 91–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.24123/aipj.v31i2.568.

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Prison provides correctional function for prisoners. There are some factors needed to be considered to enable the correctional process work optimally, one of them is the personality of prisoners. We need to consider this because there are different kinds of prisoners with different criminal backgrounds. This study aimed to identify the personality profiles of prisoners, including violent offenders, non-violent offenders and drug offenders, using the Indonesian version of Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5). We compared the personality profiles of the prisoners’ groups with the non-prisoner’s group in order to have more accurate personality profiles. The samples consisted of groups of violent offenders (n = 96, mean age = 27.99 years old), non-violent offenders (n = 79, mean age = 35.55 years old), drug offenders (n = 180, mean age = 32.90 years old), and non-prisoners (n = 245, mean age = 23.31 years old). Analyses using a series of One-Way ANOVA at the level of domains and facets of personality showed differences in the personality profiles of the three groups of prisoners and non-prisoner. In comparison to the non-prisoner group, the drug offender group was found having the largest number of differences in the personality profiles, whilst the non-violent offender group had the least number of personality profile differences.

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Green, William C. "Tabloid Justice: Criminal Justice in an Age of Media Frenzy By Richard L. Fox and Robert W. Van Sickel. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 2001. 225p. $55.00 cloth, $22.00 paper." American Political Science Review 96, no. 3 (September 2002): 636–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055402500368.

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We live in a tabloid era defined by The National Enquirer and The Star. How has it affected popular confidence in the criminal justice system? Richard L. Fox and Robert W. Van Sickel's study examines the mass media's tabloid news coverage of high-profile criminal cases that involve violence and race, gender, and social class issues. This news coverage, they argue, sacrifices the media's educational function, misinforms the public about the operation of the criminal justice system, and contributes to the public's lack of faith in criminal justice.

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Fabianic, David. "Publication Profiles at Point of Promotion of Criminal Justice Faculty." Journal of Criminal Justice Education 23, no. 1 (March 2012): 65–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10511253.2011.610761.

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Tripathi, Rakesh Kumar, and Masroor Jahan. "16 PF Profile of Schizophrenics With and Without Criminal Record." Psychological Studies 55, no. 4 (November 2, 2010): 351–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12646-010-0039-9.

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Kushnir, Yaroslav, and Mykola Hutsuliak. "The person of the criminal that committed a criminal offence in the field of inviolability of State Border of Ukraine." Revista Amazonia Investiga 10, no. 43 (August 31, 2021): 32–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.34069/ai/2021.43.07.3.

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The purpose of our study is to form a typical criminological profile of a person who has committed a criminal offense in the field of protection of the State Border of Ukraine. Based on the detailed study of the sentences issued by the national courts of Ukraine during 2015-2020 concerning such persons, a typical criminological profile of the person was formulated. Thus, the typical criminological profile is a male (95.7%), a citizen of Ukraine (89%), Ukrainian by nationality (82.6%), married or living in common-law marriage (69.6%), with low income (67.4%). Not previously convicted (87%), committed the crime to obtain additional funds (86.9%), admits guilt in full, repents, contributes to the disclosure of the crime (84.8%). Specialized research methods are applied. The comparative method is used to compare the characteristics of the offender, who violated the order of entry into and exit from the temporarily occupied territory of Ukraine and other crimes that encroached on border security. The logical-legal method is used to form logical, systematic, and consistent conclusions. The study is based on research of 38 sentences imposed on 46 people. The data obtained allowed us to interpret them as a characteristic of the offender.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Criminal profiler'

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