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Cuneo, Jodi R. "Comparison in Personality Profiles Between Child Abusers Versus Child Neglectors." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1404.
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Children who suffered parental abuse or neglect can be returned home if their safety can be ensured following offender treatment. However, some caregivers will continue to abuse or neglect their children upon return home, leading to additional treatment, state involvement, and harm to the child. This study assessed personality differences between child abusers and neglectors who were caregivers by applying a binary logistical regression analysis to the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, Second Edition (MMPI-2) scores sampled from archival data for 215 caregivers. Analysis showed that the abusers had statistically significant higher scores on the F Scale ('Faking Bad'), but significantly lower scores on Scale 6 (Paranoia) than neglectors. While trait theory asserts that personality aspects are fundamentally fixed, there are treatment implications for differing personality defects. Even though caregivers who had their children removed for abuse or neglect are currently treated homogenously by the legal system, it was hypothesized that the two groups, abuse or neglect, would have different personality traits. Greater insights into the caregiver personalities can lead to more specific treatment, with separate components tailored to the individual, and improved case outcomes for caregivers reunited with their children after child protective services involvement. The social change implication of this study is the continued safety of children through improved treatment for the caregiver, a decrease in recidivism, and lowered child maltreatment rates in the community through a better psychological understanding of the offending caregiver.
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Gottlieb, Katherine A. "Assessing Risk in Adolescent Offenders: A Comparison of Risk Profiles versus Summed Risk Factors." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2013. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1739.
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Research supports interventions for high-risk juvenile offenders to reduce recidivism. Methods for assessing delinquent risk vary, however. Aggregate risk scores (i.e. number of risk factors) and specific risk profiles (i.e. types of risk factors) are both empirically supported techniques. This study compared aggregate scores versus profiles for predicting measures of criminal severity among detained adolescents (n=292). Twenty-four risk factors from the Structured Assessment of Violence Risk in Youth (SAVRY) were summed to calculate aggregate scores. Using latent class analysis (LCA), profiles were identified based on scores from the following theoretically important SAVRY risk factors: Risk Taking/Impulsivity, Anger Management Problems, Low Empathy/Remorse (CU traits), and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Difficulties. LCA identified one low-risk profile, plus two high-risk profiles differentiated by levels of CU traits. Aggregate scores significantly predicted four out of six criminal severity indicators, while profiles failed to predict any measures. Results support aggregate scores over profiles for assessing delinquent severity.
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Bonaccorso, Norma Sueli. "Aspectos técnicos, éticos e jurídicos relacionados com a criação de bancos de dados criminais de DNA no Brasil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2136/tde-04102010-141930/.
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Pesquisa que analisa questões técnicas, éticas e jurídicas relacionadas com o uso informatizado de dados genéticos na persecução criminal que suscitam a elaboração de regulamentações técnicas legais para o desejável equilíbrio entre garantias e direitos individuais e os de interesse coletivo relacionados com segurança pública. A automatização de dados de caráter pessoal tem trazido preocupações aos governantes de diversos países, levando-os a adotar medidas legais sobre o tema. Os avanços da genética e da informática possibilitaram a criação de bancos de dados de DNA voltados à identificação criminal que, por serem eficazes no combate à criminalidade, tornaram-se aspiração para muitos Estados, como é o caso brasileiro. Sem que se olvidem ou que se exaltem as potenciais benesses sociais, na criação de bancos de dados de DNA devem ser valorados outros aspectos que também permeiam a questão e que podem ferir suscetibilidades, direitos e garantias individuais. Dentre estes se destacam os de vieses técnicos e éticos concernentes à possibilidade de uso indevido de informações genômicas contidas na molécula de DNA, além dos aspectos jurídicos relacionados com garantias e direitos individuais e coletivos. A presente investigação estuda elementos técnicos relacionados com a análise de polimorfismos do DNA que autorizam seu uso como método de identificação humana, amplamente empregado na atualidade pela Medicina Legal e pela Criminalística para determinação de parentesco biológico e elucidação de crimes. São analisadas características estruturais e funcionais de bancos de dados genéticos e as principais questões técnicas, éticas e legais relacionadas com a coleta de materiais biológicos, com os cuidados de preservação e garantia de autenticidade, com a qualidade dos serviços laboratoriais usados para obtenção de perfis genéticos e com o valor probante da prova pericial formada. É avaliada a importância dos bancos de dados criminais de DNA para a investigação policial e para a persecução judicial, sopesando-se os interesses da segurança pública e os de preservação da privacidade dos sujeitos afetados. São também comparativamente examinados os principais dos bancos de dados de identificação genética criminal já em funcionamento no mundo e suas características atinentes aos sujeitos e tipos de delitos que neles são incluídos; o tempo de permanência dos dados; seu gerenciamento e o armazenamento de vestígios e de amostras-referência. São ainda apontados os parâmetros técnicos e legais mínimos a serem considerados para a criação e o estabelecimento de um banco de dados desse gênero. É estudada pormenorizadamente a proposta feita pela SENASP/MJ para a implantação de um banco nacional de perfis de DNA criminal no Brasil, aos moldes do consagrado CODIS norte-americano. Os resultados desta pesquisa sugerem que, ao se considerar que os direitos e garantias individuais não têm caráter absoluto frente a interesses públicos legítimos, a criação de um banco de dados criminais de DNA no Brasil é viável através da edição de uma lei estabelecedora dos limites das medidas restritivas das prerrogativas individuais e que regule minuciosamente seu funcionamento.<br>Research that analyses juridical, ethical and technical questions related to the digital use of genetic data at criminal prosecutions that engender the elaboration of legal and technical regulation to the desirable balance among individual rights and guarantees and those of collective interests related to public security. Personal data automation has brought concerns to several countries governments, leading them to adopt legal measures about the theme. Enhancements at genetics and information technology areas had made possible the creation of DNA databases related to criminal identification that, due to their efficacy at criminal combat, have become an aspiration to many States, such as Brazil. Without neither forgetting nor magnifying its potential social benefits, at DNAs database creation other aspects, that are also involved and that could hurt individual susceptibilities, rights and guarantees, should be valued. Among these, it should be emphasized those of technical and ethical concerns related to the improper use of DNAs genomic information, besides juridical aspects related to individual and collective rights and guarantees. The present investigation studies technical elements related to DNA polymorphisms analysis that allow its use as an Human Identification Method, largely employed nowadays at Criminalistics and Forensic Medicine to determine biological kinships and crime scene elucidations. We analyze genetic databases functional and structural characteristics, and the main legal, ethical and technical questions related to biological samples collection, to their preservation and authenticity guarantee, to the involved laboratories quality, and to the probative value of the formed forensic proof. Its also evaluated DNA criminal databases importance to police investigation and judicial prosecution, considering both the public security interest and the privacy preservation of the affected individuals. The main genetic identification databases already working around the world are also comparatively analyzed, as well as their characteristics, such as: what kinds of individuals and faults are included at database; for how long this data stays at the bank; how it is managed and how the storage of evidences and reference samples is done. We also point the minimum legal and technical parameters that should be considered to the creation and establishment of such a database. Its studied in details the SENASP/MJ proposal to implement a national bank of criminal DNA profiles in Brazil, similar to the American CODIS. The results of our study suggest that, considering that individual rights and guarantees dont have absolute character front legitimate public interests, the creation of a criminal DNA database in Brazil is practicable through the edition of some law that would establish the limits to individual prerogatives and also minutely regulate its operation.
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Magalhães, Natália de Andrade. "A instalação de bancos de dados genéticos para fins criminais no Brasil: instrumento de redução criminal ou controle social na sociedade do risco?" Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2014. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/4933.
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Previous issue date: 2014-12-03<br>Nenhuma<br>A presente dissertação de mestrado possui como tema a instalação de bancos de perfis genéticos no Brasil, pela Lei 12.654/2012, alterando a lei de identificação criminal e a lei de execução penal para permitir o uso da tecnologia genética da identificação e persecução criminal. Na sociedade pós-moderna e pós Estado do Bem Estar Social, os progressos obtidos através da revolução tecno científica contextualizam o surgimento do modelo teórico da sociedade do risco, de Ulrich Beck. Juridicamente, pode-se falar que a esse modelo corresponde um chamado Direito Penal do risco. Sob o fundamento legitimador de combate aos riscos da pós-modernidade e promoção da segurança, um discurso do medo permeia a sociedade e o Direito, forjando o surgimento de um processo de expansão do Direito Penal impulsionado pela representação midiática da insegurança social diante do crime. Nesse contexto, o DNA como instrumento de prova e identificação criminal desponta como tecnologia indispensável no enfrentamento ao crime, culminando no Brasil, com a aprovação da Lei 12.543/2012. Tendo a instalação dos bancos de perfis genéticos como ponto de partida, buscar-se-á verificar a aplicabilidade e eficácia concreta da lei que os instituem, avaliando em que medida podemos inseri-la como mais um meio a serviço do Direito Penal simbólico, mecanismo mais de controle social do que da tão almejada e propagada redução criminal. Nesse sentido, estuda-se a sociedade do risco, e a expansão desordenada do Direito Penal e dos bens jurídicos por ele tutelado, avaliando em que termos o discurso do medo, da insegurança, característicos da sociedade do risco contribuem para a edição de leis de eficácia simbólica.<br>This dissertation has as its theme the installation of banks of genetic profiles in Brazil by Law 12.654 of 2012, changing the legislation about criminal identification and criminal enforcement of the law to allow the use of genetic technology identification in criminal prosecution. In postmodern society and post Welfare State, progress through revolution scientific technical contextualize the emergence of the theoretical model of Risk Sociaty, of Ulrich Beck . Legally, one can say that this model corresponds to a so-called Risk Penal Law. Under the legitimizing foundation to combat the risks of post modernity and safety promotion, a speach of fear permeates society and the law, forging the emergence of a process of expansion of criminal law driven by media representation of social insecurity about crime. In this context, as a tool for criminal identification, DNA evidence emerges as an indispensable technology in countering crime, culminating in Brazil, with the approval of Law 12,543 / 2012. With the installation of banks of genetic profiles as a starting point, will look up to verify the concrete applicability and effectiveness of the law establishing, assessing to what extent we can insert it as another way to serve the symbolic Criminal Law, mechanism more about social control than the so longed for and propagated crime reduction. Therefore, we study the risk society, and the sprawl of the Criminal Law and the legal rights that he mentored, evaluated in terms that the discourse of fear, insecurity, characteristic of the risk society contribute to the issue of law symbolic efficiency.
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Lima, Carlos Eduardo Martins. "A utilização dos bancos de perfis genéticos para fins de persecução criminal: uma análise à luz da bioética e do direito constitucional brasileiro." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2016. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/5213.
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Previous issue date: 2016-01-21<br>Nenhuma<br>A presente dissertação de mestrado versa sobre a utilização dos bancos de perfis genéticos para fins de persecução criminal no Brasil, analisando os pressupostos da Bioética, os direitos e garantias fundamentais elencados na Constituição Federal de 1988 e a possível afetação dos princípios basilares no processo penal que é o princípio da não autoincriminação, isto é, o direito constitucional de não produzir prova contra si mesmo. Diante disso, será analisada uma possível colisão do princípio da coletividade em relação à individualidade do ser humano, buscando dessa forma uma possível amenização e/ou solução, diante dos prováveis benefícios que a tecnologia do DNA humano possa trazer em termos de avanços na Biotecnologia e no campo do Direito, como ciência social e jurídica. Será feita ainda uma análise crítica do advento da lei 12.654/2012, buscando entender melhor a forma de aplicação e atuação da mesma em termos jurídicos, biopolíticos e sociais. Ao final, será feita uma abordagem sobre a política criminal atuarial e a expansão do fenômeno do Direito Penal na contemporaneidade, buscando correlacionar esse avanço com a tecnologia dos bancos de perfis genéticos para fins de investigação criminal. Através disso, a pesquisa será sustentada e ao final buscar-se-á uma resposta quanto à possível afetação do princípio da autonomia da vontade e da questão crucial do consentimento prévio, livre e esclarecido.<br>This master's thesis deals with the use of bank of genetic profiles for criminal prosecution purposes in Brazil, analyzing the assumptions of bioethics, the rights and guarantees listed in the Federal Constitution of 1988 and the possible allocation of basic principles in criminal proceedings It is the principle of non-self-incrimination, and the constitutional right not to produce evidence against himself. Therefore, a possible collision of the principle of collectivity over individuality of the human being will be analyzed, thus seeking a possible softening and / or solution on the likely benefits that the human DNA technology can bring in terms of advances in Biotechnology and in the field of law as a social and legal science. It will be even made a critical analysis of the advent of Law 12.654 / 2012, seeking to better understand the application form and performance of it on legal, bio-political and social terms. At the end, an approach on actuarial criminal policy and the expansion of criminal law phenomenon in contemporary times will be made an attempt to correlate this advance with the technology of banks genetic profiling for criminal investigation purposes. Through this, the research will be sustained and the end will be sought for an answer about the possible affectation of the principle of freedom of choice and the crucial issue of prior, free and clear.
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Legros, Emily Ann. "Unsubs and Profilers: Reality or Fiction? Depictions of Criminal Profiling in the Television Series "Criminal Minds"." Thesis, Boston College, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/1199.
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Thesis advisor: Bonnie Jefferson<br>Images of crime and authorities' attempts to protect society from evil, which saturate dramatic programming on television, have the potential to influence public perception of crime and of crime-solving tools used in the real world. Although "Criminal Minds," a popular broadcast series, shares this potential, it distinguishes itself from others of its genre through its use of criminal profiling as its crime solving mechanism. Using standards provided in Douglas et al.'s "Crime Classification Manual: A Standard System for Investigating and Classifying Violent Crimes, Second Edition," the "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition," and the "Hare Psychopathy Checklist Revised" as theoretical frameworks, this Communication thesis examines how the criminal profiling depictions of two "Criminal Minds" episodes conform to established criminal profiling conventions utilized by law enforcement. Overall, the results of these analyses suggest that the criminal profiling portrayals in the episodes "L.D.S.K." and "Fear and Loathing" adhere to legitimate real life criminal profiling considerations<br>Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2010<br>Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences<br>Discipline: Communication Honors Program<br>Discipline: Communication Department
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Yonge, Katherine Chandler. "Criminal profile accuracy following training in inductive and deductive approaches." Master's thesis, Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2008. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-03312008-194642.
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Langevin, Chantal Marteen. "A profile of alcohol-abusing offenders /." Ottawa, 1999.
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Kaderabek, B. Kathleen. "Are two heads better than one? the effects of teamwork on criminal profile accuracy /." Master's thesis, Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2009. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-04022009-091446.
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Kaderabek, Barbara Kathleen. "ARE TWO HEADS BETTER THAN ONE? THE EFFECTS OF TEAMWORK ON CRIMINAL PROFILE ACCURACY." MSSTATE, 2009. http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-04022009-091446/.
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This study compared the accuracy of criminal profiles produced by individuals versus profiles produced by teams of two. Participants were 239 college students who were randomly assigned to work alone or in a team. Participants were asked to read a double sexual homicide case, profile the offender, and answer the Profiling Offender Characteristics Questionnaire. The results indicate that although novice profiler teams only slightly outperformed individuals on overall profile accuracy, teamwork significantly improved profiling accuracy for the cognitive characteristics of the offender. In contrast, teams and individuals showed similar profile accuracy for all other facets of the offender. These results may reflect the type of reasoning used by teams and individuals to profile different offender characteristics.
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Newman, Jacquelyn. "The effectiveness of low copy number DNA in criminal investigation." Thesis, Teesside University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10149/112655.
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When offenders commit crime there is the potential that they may leave behind trace amounts of their DNA, even when there has been no apparent body fluid spill. During the examination of crime scenes, scene investigators try to identify areas that may be sampled to locate these traces. Specialist techniques are then required within the laboratory to enable such small amounts to be analysed to obtain a profile. These techniques are referred to as Low Template DNA analysis (LTDNA), of which Low Copy Number DNA (LCN DNA) is one instance. In 2008, following the Omagh Bombing trial, and comments made by Judge Weir, the UK Forensic Regulator commissioned a review of the science of LTDNA analysis. The subsequent report made specific mention of the fact that there was no available information on the success rate of the use of such DNA techniques and that there seemed to be confusion over what constituted a success. The report went on to state that there was no information on where such trace amounts of DNA were likely to be found, or what factors could influence the likelihood of obtaining a trace DNA profile (Caddy, 2008). This research considered the outcomes of LCN DNA analysis from 3,552 samples to try to establish where trace amounts of DNA could be found, whether some areas sampled were more successful in generating profiles than others, and the likelihood of the profiles obtained being of use to a criminal investigation. Analysis of results identified areas that were more successful in generating profiles of use to an investigation and highlighted significant differences in results across a variety of items from which samples were taken. DNA samples taken from items associated with communication such as mobile phones were much more likely to produce a profile useful to a criminal investigation than those taken from fixed surfaces within premises. The results obtained showed that obtaining a DNA profile did not necessarily correlate with the profile being of use to a criminal investigation. This was due to the fact that a large number of these profiles were anticipated eliminations from legitimate sources. Items that produced high numbers of profiles but were anticipated eliminations, and therefore of no value to an investigation, came from items associated with skin samples and clothing. The research went further to identify key factors that affected the profiling rates. Factors that had a positive influence on the ability to obtain a profile included: any area that had been in close proximity to saliva (direct contact was not required); samples that had been recovered from the inside of premises or vehicles and therefore protected from the elements; those that were dry; items that were of a porous nature; and those that had a rough texture. No differences were found between the actual surface materials (plastic, glass, wood, metal), as all showed a propensity to generate profiles. Other factors that were considered but proved to have no effect on the profiling rates included seasonal differences and whether the area targeted for sampling was clearly defined. Items that had had high contact with a victim, were recovered from outside or had been wet, all proved to be less useful to an nvestigation. A further finding of the research was that swabs that had been recovered and stored frozen appeared to deteriorate in their ability to profile. This was particularly notable if they were submitted later than 5 months after recovery. Items stored in dry conditions did not deteriorate in this way. Overall the research can be used to provide investigators with the knowledge of what areas of crime scenes are most likely to yield trace DNA material, the key factors that can affect the likelihood of obtaining a profile, and those areas that are more likely to produce profiles useful to criminal investigations.
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OSELLINI, ALICE. "Normative dell'Unione Europea e sistema penale. Profili di tutela dell'ambiente." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/1301.
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La tesi dottorale indaga l'articolato sistema di interferenze che la normativa dell'Unione europea esercita sul diritto penale interno, di cui il settore ambientale è parso emblematico.
Dal punto di vista sistematico, la tesi può idealmente essere suddivisa in due parti. La prima di queste è dedicata al più generale interrogativo circa l’atteggiarsi del dialogo tra ordinamento interno e sovranazionale alla luce delle novità determinatesi con la riforma dei Trattati del 2009 (e segnatamente; l'eliminazione della divisione in pilastri dell'Unione, la previsione di una competenza penale indiretta dell'Unione, l'attribuzione di valore giuridicamente vincolante alla Carta dei diritti fondamentali e la prevista adesione alla CEDU) in una prospettiva critica “costituzionalmente orientata”. La seconda è più specificamente rivolta alla materia ambientale, quale banco di verifica del funzionamento della nuova potestà punitiva sovranazionale, nonché della competenza redazionale del legislatore comunitario.<br>The enquiry aims to explore the relationships between European Legislation and National Criminal Law.
The thesis is composed of two parts: the first one relates to questions pertaining to the National Criminal Law in light of the innovations of the Lisbon Treaty (i.e. the abolition of the three-pillar structure of the EU, the EU Criminal Law Competence, the Charter of Fundamental Rights that was given binding legal effect equal to the Treaties, the legal basis for the accession of the Union to the European Convention on Human Rights). The analysis is done assuming a constitutional-oriented approach. The second part relates to Environmental Law as a test case for the EU Criminal Competences.
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PRESSACCO, LUCA. "La sentenza penale. Profili giuridici ed epistemologici." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/62098.
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In linea di principio, la sentenza può essere definita come il provvedimento giurisdizionale con cui il giudice definisce la controversia, confermando o negando – nel contesto specifico del processo penale – l’ipotesi di colpevolezza dell’imputato. Sennonché, l’impostazione tradizionale – fedele ai consueti metodi dell’indagine giuridica – considera la sentenza esclusivamente in qualità di atto processuale, esaminando la relativa disciplina per individuare i requisiti di validità ed efficacia dell’atto stesso. La presente ricerca, invece, si propone di approfondire lo studio della sentenza penale quale “giudizio”, vale a dire come epilogo del percorso conoscitivo compiuto dall'organo giurisdizionale per giungere alla ricostruzione dei fatti controversi, nonché, alla loro adeguata qualificazione giuridica. In questa prospettiva, le disposizioni che regolano la formazione e i contenuti della sentenza penale vengono prevalentemente in rilievo, in quanto stabiliscono i confini e i percorsi normativi delle operazioni gnoseologiche compiute dal giudice nella fase conclusiva del processo.
Esaurite le premesse di carattere metodologico (capitolo I), l’indagine prende le mosse (capitolo II) dalla ricostruzione storica e dogmatica della “sentenza penale”, poiché l’estensione della categoria in esame dipende sia dalla complessiva struttura del processo, sia dalle scelte contingenti operate dal legislatore. In seguito, si approfondisce (capitolo III) la posizione specifica della sentenza nel contesto del procedimento penale, muovendo dalle dottrine generali del processo e giungendo al ruolo che la decisione giurisdizionale assume nell’ambito del cosiddetto “giusto processo”. Nel capitolo IV, si opera un confronto fra le operazioni conoscitive che costituiscono il proprium dell’attività giurisdizionale, rispetto alle metodologie adottate – rispettivamente – nell’indagine di carattere storico e nell’ambito delle scienze sperimentali. Successivamente (capitolo V), si trattano i principali profili di ricostruzione fattuale che caratterizzano la sentenza penale: in particolare, l’attenzione si sofferma sulla configurazione delle regole decisorie tipiche del processo penale e sul dovere di motivazione che incombe sull’organo giurisdizionale. Infine (capitolo VI), viene analizzata la configurazione strutturale del cosiddetto “post dibattimento”, per dimostrare che la decisione giurisdizionale può essere solo convenzionalmente considerata come una realtà processuale unitaria (la sentenza penale), laddove l’analisi normativa lascia intravvedere una serie di comportamenti, che integrano una complessa fattispecie a formazione progressiva.<br>Sentence can be defined, as a matter of principle, like the decision through which the Court puts an end to the dispute, validating or denying – particularly in criminal cases – the original accusation formulated by the public prosecutor. Given this assumption, legal scholars usually consider the judicial decision merely as a procedural document, interpreting the relevant provisions in order to establish conditions for its validity and enforceability. Instead, the aim of this research is to deepen the study of the criminal judgment, understood as the conclusion of the knowledge path accomplished by the tribunal for the porpuse of reconstructing controversial events and find an adequate legal classification therof. In this perspective, legal provisions concerning the criminal decision (art. 525 ss. of the Italian code of criminal procedure) are mainly examined in so far as they determine routes and limitations for the gnoseological process, which takes place during the closing moments of the trial.
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Rodrigues, Daniela Maria Duarte. "Perfil da homicida portuguesa." Bachelor's thesis, [s.n.], 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/6954.
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Projeto de Graduação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Licenciada em Criminologia<br>É sabida da dicotomia que existe na nossa sociedade em relação ao género masculino e feminino. Sabemos o quão estigmatizadas são as mulheres em detrimento dos homens por terem o estereótipo de serem frágeis, sentimentais e com fraca força física enquanto que o homem tem como estereótipo ser rude, forte e mais irracional que as mulheres agindo mais vezes sem pensar e movidos pelos seus sentimentos mais negativos de ira ou raiva. Tendo isto em conta, é mais fácil prever um homem capaz de matar alguém que uma mulher e quando esta o faz é logo associada a um ato masculino o que não corresponde à verdade. Ambos os géneros são capazes de matar sendo por isso de interesse que hajam estudos acerca desta problemática. Para isso será feita uma revisão da literatura acerca de todas as envolvências neste assunto.
O presente estudo tem como objetivo traçar um perfil da mulher portuguesa que já tenha cometido o crime de homicídio. Nesta sequência, sendo este projeto de graduação uma proposta de realização de uma investigação, a mesma terá como instrumento a realização de entrevistas às mulheres que estejam a cumprir pena pelo crime de homicídio e a análise de processos especificamente de mulheres homicidas para que possa ser feito um cruzamento de dados com o intuito de, então, traçar o perfil.<br>It is known of the dichotomy that exists in our society in relation to the male and female gender. We know how stigmatized women are to the detriment of men because they have the stereotype of being fragile, sentimental, and physically weak, whereas man has a stereotyped of being rude, strong, and more irrational than women, acting more often without thinking by moving of their more negative feelings such as anger. With this in mind, it’s easier to predict a man is more capable of killing than a woman, and when she does so it’s soon associated with a male act that doesn’t correspond to the truth. Both genres are capable of killing and therefore of interest are studies on this problem. For this, a review of the literature on all the implications in this subject will be made.
In this sequence, since this graduation project is a proposal for conducting an investigation, it will have as an instrument the interviewing of women who are serving a sentence for the crime of homicide and the analysis of cases specifically of homicidal women so that it can be done a crossing of data in order to then draw the profile.<br>N/A
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Hahn, Fox Bryanna. "Developing and testing a profile of American burglars using statistical analyses and scientific methods : a new approach to offender profiling." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648401.
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LIPAROTI, FEDERICA. ""CAPITALE SOCIALE" E "SVILUPPO UMANO". PROFILI DI RILEVANZA PENALE." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/6897.
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Il lavoro è il risultato di una ricerca finalizzata a realizzare una tipica “integrazione tra saperi” (giuridici, empirico-criminologici e filosofico-politici), che si è dedicata particolarmente alla riflessione sulla rilevanza politico-criminale di nozioni ormai ben conosciute e studiate dalle scienze sociali, quali quelle di “capitale sociale” e di “sviluppo umano”. Dopo averne esplorato alcune essenziali corrispondenze con i princìpi della Costituzione italiana (innanzi tutto quelli espressi dall’art. 3), si è dedicata a una ricognizione della giurisprudenza della Corte Costituzionale che ha applicato tali princìpi in materia penale e processuale-penale, per verificare possibili percorsi ricostruttivi delle categorie penalistiche in grado di valorizzarne significati e contenuti normativi.<br>The dissertation is the outcome of a research lead according to a method of “knowledge integration” (namely compounding the legal, criminological and political-philosophical fields), which has dealt mainly with “social capital” and “human development”: two highly thought-provoking concepts, widely studied by social sciences. After having pinpointed some parallels thereof in principles of the Italian Constitution (mainly to be found in the art. 3), a set of relevant decisions of the Constitutional Court applying them in criminal cases have been considered. Some hints and proposals are finally advanced in order to improve, aptly through this sort of “constitutional reading” of “social capital” and “human development”, the meaning and possible development of essential conceptual schemes well established in the criminal law.
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Messer, Julia Marie. "Validation of the Assessment of Depression Inventory (ADI) feigning scale and clinical, demographic, and criminal profile differences between probable malingerers and psychiatric inpatients." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2008. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=5807.
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Santos, Mónica Alexandra Tavares Soares e. "Estudo do perfil de competências no processo de recrutamento e seleção no Instituto Superior de Ciências Policiais e Criminais de Angola." Doctoral thesis, [s.n.], 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/5127.
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Tese apresentada à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Doutor em Ciências Sociais, especialidade em Psicologia<br>O presente estudo tem por principal objetivo definir o perfil de competências que determinam a construção do perfil de candidato no processo de recrutamento e seleção no Instituto Superior de Ciências Policiais e Criminais de Angola.
Tendo como pano de fundo do presente estudo a aplicação das teorias que conduzem à construção de um perfil de competências na realidade da polícia angolana levamos a cabo um estudo de caso qualitativo que teve como principais instrumentos de recolha de dados a observação e avaliação qualitativa dos testes psicotécnicos a que os candidatos a cadetes são sujeitos e um inquérito por questionário colocado a elementos que integram os quadros humanos da Polícia Angolana.
Com base nos resultados obtidos a partir da metodologia empírica aplicada construímos uma proposta de perfil de competências dividido entre competências comportamentais e competências técnicas onde se destacam a capacidade de comunicação, autonomia e responsabilização, que poderá vir a constituir-se no modelo orientador do processo de recrutamento e seleção dos candidatos da instituição onde empreendemos o presente Estudo de Caso.<br>The present study has for main objective to determine the imperative skills that define the construction of the candidate profile in the process of recruitment and selection in the Instituto Superior de Ciências Policiais e Criminais de Angola (Academic Institute of Police and Criminal Science of Angola).
Having as a backdrop of this study the application of the theories studied in the reality of Angolan police we carry out a qualitative case study that had as main data collection tools the observation of statistic assessment of recruitment tests and selection that prospective cadets are subject and also an interview survey submitted to the elements that make up the human force of the Angolan police, and that, being in assets, are the current mirror of the skills that a professional of this police force should have.
Based on the results obtained from the empirical methodology applied we build a proposal for a new competency profile in with behavioral skills and technical skills gain force and, within them de communication, autonomy and accountability assume an important role. The profile obtained may constitute the guiding model of the recruitment and selection process of candidates in the institution in which we undertook the present Case Study.<br>Ce travail a pour objectif principal déterminer les compétences impératives qui définissent la construction du profil de candidat dans le processus de recrutement et de sélection dans l'Instituto Superior de Ciências Policiais e Criminais de Angola (institut universitaire de la police et des sciences criminelles de l'Angola).
Ayant comme toile de fond de cette étude l'application des théories étudiées dans la réalité de la police angolaise nous réalisons une étude de cas qualitative qui avait comme principaux outils de collecte de données de l'observation de l'évaluation de tests et de sélection de recrutement que les cadets potentiels sont soumis et aussi une enquête par interview soumis aux éléments qui composent la force humaine de la police angolaise, et que, étant des actifs, sont le miroir de courant des compétences qu'un professionnel de cette force de police devrait avoir.
Sur la base des résultats obtenus à partir de la méthodologie empirique appliquée nous construisons une proposition pour un nouveau profil de compétences avec les compétences comportementales et des compétences techniques, et acquérir de la force, en leur sein de communication, autonomie et la responsabilisation assument un important rôle. Le profil obtenu peut constituer le modèle pour guider le processus de recrutement et de sélection des candidats à l'institution dans laquelle nous avons entrepris l'étude de cas.
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ANDREIS, EMANUELE. "PROFILI PENALI INERENTI AL RUOLO DEL LAVORATORE NELL'ATTIVITA' DI IMPRESA." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/53869.
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L'indagine cerca di verificare la sussistenza di norme o la praticabilità di riforme o interpretazioni evolutive che consentano di riconoscere al lavoratore un ruolo efficamente preventivo rispetto a illeciti che possano prodursi nel corso dell'attività di impresa. Le due direttive principali lungo le quali corre l'analisi svolta sono quelle del diritto della sicurezza sul lavoro e delle segnalazioni (oggetto di comparazione con la normativa statunitense), con riferimenti ad alcune tematiche ritenute fondamentali della teoria generale del reato, così come ad aspetti significativi del contratto di lavoro subordinato.<br>The investigation is about the existence of laws or the possibility of reforms or evolutive interpretations that would allow a reconstruction of the role of the workers whithin an enterprise as a gatekeeper in front of illicit risks and conducts. While the focus is on health and safety at work and on whistleblowing laws (which are compared to the U.S.A. ones), the development of the thesis passes even through some fundamental themes of the general theory of the crime and some relevant profiles of the employment contract.
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Campbell, Michael Armstrong. "African American Male Police Officers' Perceptions of Being Racially Profiled by Fellow Police Officers." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3434.
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African American police officers, as other African Americans, report being subjected to racial profiling by police officers, and that these encounters have, in some cases, resulted in excessive and unjustified use of force. These types of occurrences have resulted in a divide between African American and Caucasian police officers. The purpose of this phenomenological research study was to explore the experiences and perceptions of African American male police officers in the State of New Jersey who feel they have been discriminated against by fellow law enforcement officers. Weber's social relationship theory served as the theoretical framework for this study. Data were collected through semistructured interviews with a snowball sample of 20 participants. Data were coded and analyzed using a modified van Kaam method of analysis. Findings revealed that most participants felt they had been stopped for no reason, and that they were disrespected by fellow officers, even when they revealed they were law enforcement officers. Many times, participants sensed that the disclosure of their status as a police officer was met with increased suspicion. Consistent with social relationship theory, a significant theme was that participants perceived that they were considered by Caucasian officers to be a member of a subgroup, rather than a member of the dominant group. The implications for positive social change include recommendations to law enforcement policymakers and leaders to learn about the detrimental effects of racial profiling on African American male police officers' morale, work ethic, job satisfaction, and personal feelings of worth as well as to focus resources on creating stronger policies against racial profiling and effective training and oversight of police officers.
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Ra'oof, Katija J. "African American Males' Perception of the Prince Georges' County (MD) Police and Improving the Relationship." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7182.
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The shootings and killings across the country of unarmed African American males by police officers, has become a topic of discussion. Previous research indicates that African American males, in comparison to other groups, are more likely to have adverse encounters with law enforcement officials. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore the experiences and perceptions of African American males in Prince Georges' County regarding encounters with the Prince Georges' County Police Department and how the relationship can improve. Max Weber's social action theory was used to examine perception and purposive sampling aided in gathering this information from a group of 10 African American male participants. Interviews were transcribed and then coded and analyzed using a modified Van Kaam procedure. Findings suggest most participants believe Prince Georges County police are doing a good job. The participants also noted specific strategies, including better utilization of seminars, meetings, and other collaborative efforts may improve police-community interactions and relations. The implications for positive social change include recommendations to law enforcement executives in the Prince Georges' County Police Department to utilize the insight gained through this study to better understand how they are perceived by the African American males in the county and strengthen outreach and collaboration efforts. Following these recommendations may improve the nature of police-community relations thereby advancing public safety within the county and with the African American community in particular.
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Santos, George Maia. "Direito à intimidade : uma reflexão crítica da submissão obrigatória à identificação do perfil genético para fins criminais." Pós-Graduação em Direito, 2017. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/6965.
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This present work aims to demonstrate that the mandatory submission convicted of a crime
committed, intentionally, with serious violence against person or heinous crime, to identify
the genetic profile by DNA extraction - deoxyribonucleic acid, although by proper and
painless technique is offensive to fundamental rights. For this purpose, it is part of the overall
concept of the right to privacy, which is configured as a negative right or protection against
unlawful state mismanagement, in order to protect a need or a basic right to the free individual
self-determination. Then genetic intimacy is defined as an asset able to reveal the physical,
psychological, behavioral and disease features, which, if disclosed or accessed without the
consent of the accused, may generate stigmatization and discrimination of the subject
involved, violating in this way, therefore, the right to privacy. In conclusion, we move
towards emphasizing besides the right to privacy, compulsory provision of biological material
to identify the genetic profile is offensive to fundamental rights to physical liberty or
outpatient; physical integrity; to the freedom of religion or conscience; non-discrimination;
the silence and non-production of evidences against himself, and in last instance, the biggest
vector of all fundamental rights: the dignity of the human person. For the proposed objective,
the research will be of an exploratory nature. As for the methodology, it was chosen the
deductive method. Finally, as the procedure was adopted bibliographic as type and technique.<br>O presente trabalho tem por finalidade demonstrar que a submissão obrigatória de condenados
por crime praticado, dolosamente, com violência de natureza grave contra pessoa, ou por
crime hediondo, à identificação do perfil genético, mediante extração de DNA – ácido
desoxirribonucleico, ainda que por técnica adequada e indolor, é ofensiva a direitos
fundamentais. Para tanto, parte-se do conceito geral do direito à intimidade, o qual se
configura como um direito negativo ou de proteção contra as ingerências ilegítimas do
Estado, visto proteger uma necessidade ou um bem básico para a livre autodeterminação
individual. Em seguida, define-se a intimidade genética como sendo um patrimônio capaz de
revelar as características físicas, psíquicas, comportamentais e de enfermidade, que, se
revelados ou acessados sem o consentimento do imputado, poderão gerar a estigmatização e
descriminação do sujeito envolvido, violando-se, desse modo, o direito à intimidade. Em
linhas de conclusão, caminha-se no sentido de enfatizar que além do direito à intimidade, o
fornecimento compulsório de material biológico para identificação do perfil genético é
ofensivo aos direitos fundamentais à liberdade física ou ambulatorial; à integridade física; à
liberdade religiosa ou de consciência; a não descriminação; ao silêncio e a não produção de
prova contra si mesmo, e, em última instância, ao vetor maior de todos os direitos
fundamentais: a dignidade da pessoa humana. Para o desiderato proposto, a pesquisa será de
cunho exploratório. Quanto à metodologia, fez-se a opção pelo método dedutivo. Por fim,
quanto ao procedimento, adotou-se como tipo e técnica, o bibliográfico.<br>São Cristóvão, SE
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GIANFREDA, ANNA. "La tutela penale della religione in Italia e Gran Bretagna: profili storici e di diritto comparato." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/260.
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La tesi affronta la problematica dell'intervento penale a tutela della religione in Italia e Gran Bretagna, concentrandosi in particolare sulle fattispecie “tradizionali” di vilipendio, bestemmia e blasphemy. La sezione prima prende in esame essenzialmente il profilo storico della disciplina penalistica e confessionale a tutela della religione mettendo in luce la nascita, l'evoluzione e la conformazione dei delitti di religione nei due ordinamenti sino alle soglie del XIX secolo. La seconda sezione, invece, analizza il diritto moderno e l'attuale configurazione del vilipendio, della bestemmia e delle religious offences, in una prospettiva di diritto comparato, nel contesto contemporaneo del pluralismo, della secolarizzazione e della dimensione “europea” del fenomeno religioso e delle libertà ad esso connesse. La peculiare posizione giuridica della canon law della established Church of England nell'ordinamento britannico ha reso necessario inoltre uno sguardo sullo status della blasphemy nell'ambito delle doctrinal offences, con lo scopo di studiare le reciproche influenze tra le religious offences nella common law e quelle previste nell'ordinamento “interno” alla Church of England. Le chiavi di lettura concettuali che emergono dalla ricerca sono: il rapporto tra “sistemi di diritto ecclesiastico” (relazioni tra Stato e Chiesa) e scelte politico-criminali a tutela del fenomeno religioso, l'evoluzione del bene protetto e del fondamento della tutela penale nella giurisprudenza dei due Paesi, i modelli di tutela penale (alternativa tutela speciale/tutela comune), i recenti sviluppi del “diritto penale di religione” ed infine il problema della laicità in rapporto alla tutela penale del fenomeno religioso.<br>This work aims to study the criminal law providing for the defence of religion in Italy and Great Britain, focusing upon such traditional criminal conducts as “vilipendio”, bestemmia and blasphemy. The first section deals with the historical reconstruction of criminal and religious law protecting religion, in order to give an account of the origin and the evolution of the legal provisions concerning the religious offences within both Italian and British legal systems until the beginning of the nineteenth century. The second section examines the legal provisions, stipulated in the modern and contemporary ages, of the offences of “vilipendio”, “bestemmia” as well as British religious offences, in a comparative law perspective, within the framework of pluralism, secularisation and the European dimension of religious freedom. It has been necessary to study the legal provisions concerning blasphemy also as to doctrinal offences, in order to explain the peculiar legal status of the Canon Law of the Church of England, as well as to understand the mutual influences between the religious common law offences and the doctrinal offences in the domestic law of the Church of England. The main conclusions of this research work concern the connection between “the Ecclesiastical Law systems” (that is, the systems of State-Church relations) ad the choices of the legislator to protect the religious dimension; the evolution of the legal content as well as of the rationes of the criminal law within the Italian and British jurisprudence; the patterns of criminal law (seen as an alternative between special and general protection); the recent developments of the concept of “religious offence” and the problem of the relations between secularisation and the criminal protection of religion.
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DE, NINO FRANCESCO. "La responsabilità da reato dell'ente in materia di salute e sicurezza del lavoro. Profili problematici e prospettive di tutela." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/1232.
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L’oggetto specifico della ricerca è costituito dalle previsioni legislative sulla responsabilità degli enti collettivi per i reati di omicidio colposo e lesioni colpose commessi con violazione delle norme sulla tutela della salute e sicurezza del lavoro. L’indagine analizza la novità normativa in questione, alla luce delle previsioni del t.u. 81/2008, nel quadro generale della responsabilità penale in materia di salute e sicurezza del lavoro e della responsabilità da reato dell’ente. A tale fine, individuato il problema “empirico” degli infortuni sul lavoro e delle malattie professionali e il potenziale criminogeno degli enti collettivi e focalizzata l’attenzione sulle risposte giuridiche invalse in Inghilterra, Francia e Spagna, partendo dall’analisi della responsabilità individuale per i reati di omicidio e lesioni sul terreno della sicurezza del lavoro si procede alla disamina dei rapporti fra i reati presupposto di cui all’art. 25 septies e i criteri generali d’imputazione della responsabilità dell’ente e ad un’analisi specifica dei modelli di organizzazione in materia di sicurezza del lavoro. Infine, vengono tracciate possibili linee di evoluzione del sistema di tutela della salute e della sicurezza del lavoro e dell’assetto della responsabilità da reato dell’ente, anche avendo riguardo alle proposte di legge di modifica del d.lgs. 231/2001.<br>The research specifically focuses on the statutory provisions on corporations’ liability for offenses of manslaughter and unintentional injuries committed in breach of the rules on protection of work health and safety.
The survey analyses the new legislation in this area, in light of the provisions of Italian t.u. 81/2008, within the framework of criminal liability in work health and safety and the related corporate accountability. To this end, having identified the "empirical" problem of work accidents and diseases and the criminal potentiality of corporate bodies, and based on the assessment of the legal responses formulated in England, France and Spain, the research - starting from the analysis of individual liability for crimes of homicide and injury in the field of work safety – proceeds, on one hand, to consider the relationship between the offenses referred to in article 25 septies and the general criteria of attribution of corporate responsibility; on the other, to specifically analyse the business models in the field of work safety.
Finally, the research draws the possible trends of development of the health protection and work safety system, and of the legal regime of corporate liability arising out from offenses; in this respect, the statutory proposals for amending the D.Lgs. 231/2001 are also taken into account.
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Edde, Rhéa. "Les avocats, les médias et la communication en France de 1945 à nos jours." Thesis, Paris 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA020089.
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Cette thèse porte sur l’étude d’un groupe socio-professionnel, les avocats, et leurs pratiques professionnelles de la communication et leurs usages des médias en France de 1945 à nos jours. Longtemps situé hors de la sphère marchande, on assiste au développement d’un marché du droit mondialisé, complexe et concurrentiel qui bouleverse l'exercice de la profession d'avocat. Ce changement du biotope a rendu la communication indispensable. La profession a pris acte de cette nécessité et a assoupli progressivement ses règles déontologiques en ce sens. La pratique ordinaire de communication des avocats reste déficitaire. Nous privilégierons d’abord, une approche générale, la communication de l’instance représentative de la profession, le Conseil national des barreaux, agissant comme source mandatée dans l’arène médiatique. Nous analyserons les stratégies mobilisées dans le cadre de cette communication institutionnelle pour promouvoir, influencer la représentation médiatique de la profession et élargir son périmètre d’action. Néanmoins, à côté de cette pratique ordinaire de communication déficitaire, deux typologies d’acteurs que constitue cette profession réglementée font exception. Nous explorerons la communication et l’utilisation des médias par les cabinets d’avocats d’affaires et les pénalistes ténors du barreau. Nous nous intéresserons aux procédés utilisés, aux stratégies et pratiques médiatiques mises en oeuvre et aux objectifs poursuivis<br>This thesis focuses on a socio-professional entity (lawyers) and their professional practice of communication and use of the media in France from 1945 until the present. The law stayed during a long period outside the market sphere. But recently a new market (of the law) has emerged: this market is worldwide, complex and very competitive. The legal profession has been impacted deeply by this recent development, which has rendered communications necessary. The legal profession is aware of this change and has progressively softened the ethical rules in this regard. To start, we will focus on the representative authority of the profession, the National Council of Bar, which acts as a mandatory source in the media. We will notably analyse the strategies used within the framework of this institution’s communications in order to promote, to influence the representation of the profession in the media and to enhance the perimeter of action of this institution. While lawyers’ ordinary use of communications remains minimal, there are two exceptions in the legal profession: corporate law firms and high-profile lawyers involved in criminal cases. We will study these two categories of actors: their manner of using communications and their use of the media, and we will describe the processes, the strategies, and behaviours toward the media, as well as the objectives targeted
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Fournier, de Crouy Nathalie. "La faute lucrative." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA05D006.
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Notre étude a pour objectif d'une part de comprendre pourquoi dans notre système juridique, certaines fautes peuvent profiter à leur auteur et d'autre part de les empêcher. Pour ce faire, dans une première partie, nous qualifierons la faute lucrative. Cette étape de qualification nous permettra de mettre en lumière l'unité de la notion de faute lucrative, en dépit de sa diversité de visages ; unité reposant sur des caractéristiques qui lui sont propres. A travers l'examen de chaque composante de la faute lucrative, nous mettrons en exergue les failles du Droit qui alimentent les stratégies spéculatives sur la violation de la règle de droit. La diversité de l'élément légal nous amènera à ausculter différentes disciplines du droit privé, dont principalement le droit pénal, le droit de la concurrence et le droit de la responsabilité civile. Les insuffisances de chacune de ces disciplines nous conduiront à proposer la reconnaissance par le Droit, de la faute lucrative, dans toute son singularité afin d'en ajuster le régime. Cette consécration en droit positif s'effectuera par la création d'une nouvelle circonstance aggravante, le dol lucratif, en droit répressif et l'assimilation de la faute lucrative à la faute intentionnelle ou dolosive en droit de la responsabilité civile. Cette réception de la faute lucrative en Droit justifiera l'élaboration d'un régime adéquat à la faute lucrative, poursuivant un objectif de dissuasion. Dans une seconde partie, nous proposerons donc un régime dissuasif, conçu à la lumière de la théorie économique de la dissuasion. Ce dernier reposera sur des modalités substantielles et procédurales, garantissant à la fois l'efficacité et l'effectivité de la sanction dissuasive. Au titre des premières, il s'agira d'augmenter le quantum chiffrable de la sanction, afin qu'il devienne au moins égal au profit illicite. Mais pas seulement : il s'agira également d'aggraver le quantum non chiffrable de la sanction, de sorte que le coût d'une faute ne puisse pas être intégralement anticipé, maîtrisé par les opérateurs économiques. Inévitablement, l'objectif de dissuasion des sanctions aura pour effet d'aggraver la responsabilité de l'auteur d'une faute lucrative. Aussi les modalités confiscatoires et dissuasives devront être passées au crible de la qualification de sanction répressive. Il en résultera une distinction nette entre le champ de la dissuasion et celui de la répression, le premier étant plus large que le second. Une sanction civile non répressive, simplement normative pouvant donc être dissuasive. Notre thèse a donc pour objectif de proposer une méthode de traitement des fautes lucratives afin de renverser le rapport coût-avantage d'une violation de l'ordre public<br>Under french law, some faults can provide to their author more than the fault costs to them. In others words, some faults can procure an illegal profit because Law doesn't confiscate it or not efficiently. For example, it can be a cartel on prices, a violation of private life by a paparazzi magazine, or a fraud on consumer goods.... The aim of our thesis is twice. Fistly, we will try to understand why such behaviour is possible : what is the legal classification stage, after which we will propose a definition of lucrative fault in tort law, criminal law and competition law. Secondly, we are going to suggest a legal processing, method to deter this misbehaviour, what is the second step of our demonstration. Thus, in support of the economic model of deterrence by Gary Becker, we will determinate the conditions of effectiveness of a public punishment and of a private punishment. Among them, we will make the difference between the choice of the punishment and the probability of being decided
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Marques, Daniela Alexandra Pires Botas. "Um olhar sobre os perfis criminais: Haverá um criminoso em todos nós?" Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.12/5272.
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Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada no ISPA - Instituto Universitário<br>Este projeto aborda a necessidade de investigar e compreender as características
identificadas nos perfis de criminosos como sendo preditivas de um tipo de crime.
Dentro dessa linha, procura-se investigar em que medida, se forem identificadas a um
nível normal, poderão associar-se a tendências para cometer esses mesmos crimes.
Neste projeto investiga-se se, “quanto mais características de um determinado
crime o sujeito possuir, maior probabilidade terá de reportar o tipo de crime que poderia
vir a cometer”. Assim, mesmo que existam associações das características do sujeito
com outro crime diferente, espera-se que a correlação maior será entre a característica
da tipologia do crime que este terá probabilidade de praticar. Pelo que, o crime que é
reportado como podendo vir a ser cometido terá uma maior correspondência com as
características do indivíduo do que as dos outros crimes.
Apesar do projeto ter a grande limitação de ser auto avaliativo, espera-se o
mesmo padrão de resultados em população reclusa e não reclusa, apesar de se acreditar
que este padrão seja mais claro e facilmente detetado na população reclusa.<br>ABSTRACT: This project addresses the need for research and understanding of the
characteristics identified in criminal profiling as being a predictor of a crime. Seeing
this, we investigate to what extent they are identified to a normal level may be
associated with tendencies to commit these same crimes.
In this project, we are investigating whether "the more characteristics of a
particular crime the subject has, the greater likelihood of reporting will be the kind of
crime that could come to commit". Thus, even if there are associations of the
characteristics of the subject with a different crime, it is expected that the highest
correlation is between the characteristics of the types of crimes they will be likely to
commit. Therefore, the crime that is reported may have to be made will correspond
better to the characteristics of the individual than other crimes.
Although the project has a major limitation of self evaluation, it is expected the
same pattern of results in inmate and general population, although it is expected that this
pattern is clearer and easily detected in the inmate population.
28
Bichança, Marta Sofia Pinto. "A evolução da prova criminal motivada pelos avanços da ciência: o recurso ao ADN e a criação da base de dados de perfis genéticos em Portugal." Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/44546.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertação de mestrado em Direito Judiciário<br>A presente dissertação de mestrado pretende dar a conhecer o ácido desoxirribonucleico
– o ADN – e as suas principais características, bem como a forma como este pode ser
aproveitado no âmbito da identificação criminal.
Os pilares fundamentais desta temática encontram-se na Lei nº 5/2008, de 12 de
fevereiro e na jurisprudência portuguesa, que são aqui analisados com o intuito de perceber a
forma como é regulamentada a base de dados de perfis de ADN e qual a valoração atribuída a
este tipo de prova, respetivamente.
No decurso do estudo do recurso ao ADN como prova criminal afigura-se essencial
analisar a criação e implementação da base de dados de perfis genéticos em Portugal, passando
pelos problemas relacionados com esta, entre os quais se encontram conjeturas de direitos
violados, e por isso se considera necessário aferir do fundamento das mesmas através da
análise individual de cada uma.
Desta forma, considera-se necessário perceber qual a relevância desta base de dados na
prática judiciária mediante a observação do número de perfis de ADN inseridos em conjunto com
o número de correspondências conseguidas, quer referentes a amostras-problema quer a
amostras-referência, desde o momento da sua criação até ao dia 30 de junho do presente ano.
Em suma, pretende-se aferir até que ponto podem ser aproveitadas as potencialidades do
ADN no âmbito criminal, sem que tal implique inadmissíveis violações de direitos, liberdades e
garantias dos cidadãos.<br>This dissertation has the purpose of studying deoxyribonucleic acid – DNA – and its main
features, aswell as the way as it can be used for criminal investigation.
The basis of this theme can be found in the law nº 5/2008 of 12 of February and in the
Portuguese jurisprudence, which are analyzed with the goal of knowing how databases of DNA
profiles are regulated and what value is given to this kind of proof.
During the study of the resort to DNA as criminal proof it will be essential to focus on the
creation and implementation of databases of DNA profiles in Portugal, particularly in its
problems, among which we can point out the possibility of violation of several rights, which
requires an individual analysis of each one.
Bearing that in mind, it’s necessary to figure what is the relevance of these databases
judiciary law through the observation of the number of DNA profiles inserted along with the
number of matches achieved, related to sample-problem or sample-reference, since the moment
of its creation till 30 of June of the current year.
Concluding, we intend to appreciate how the potential of criminal evidence can be applied
in criminal matters without harming, in an inadmissible way, rights, civil liberties and guarantees
of the citizens.
29
Maree, Gerhardus Johannes. "Sielkundige profiele van misdadigers : 'n prosesstudie in die Suid-Afrikaanse polisiediens." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/10025.
Full textAbstract:
M.A. (Clinical Psychology)<br>Criminological trends indicate that there is a move in the direction of sexual, violent sexual, and motiveless violent offenses in society. One of the aspects of psychological involvement in combating crime is profiling, where the scene of crime is analyzed to provide the investigating officer with an indication of the personality type of the person who may have been involved in committing the crimes. An overview of the literature indicates that the profiling of serial crimes takes place according to a certain process, involving an analysis of the physical evidence from the scene of the crime, the use of decision-making process models and crime appraisal, and the eventual compilation of a profile. The problem that has been investigated involves the dynamics of profiling in the South African Police Service using registered psychologists who do not have experience in the process, do not know how accurate the compiled profile is nor how the information at their disposal has been used to reach certain conclusions regarding the biographical details of the offender. A qualitative approach was followed in this investigation. The research participants were expected to scrutinise a case study of a real murder, and to generate hypotheses regarding certain biographical characteristics of the offender who was unknown to them. These data were collected by means of a structured questionnaire which was evaluated and interpreted in a qualitative manner. In general, the research participants were able to reach conclusions about the personality profile of the unknown offender. Consensus was reached without the participants discussing the results which suggests that the training of psychologists provides valuable insights and skills which enable them to perform the profiling task with a considerable degree of accuracy.
30
Gonçalves, Francisca Fernandes. "A recolha de amostras biológicas em arguido condenado: análise do regime do artigo 8.º, n.º 2 da lei n.º 5/2008, de 12 de fevereiro, e consequente ponderação constitucional dos direitos lesados." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/60754.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertação de mestrado em Direito Judiciário<br>A criação da base de dados de perfis de ADN através da lei n.º 5/2008, de 12 de
fevereiro, para fins de identificação civil e investigação criminal, tem assumido uma importância
e relevância crescente no nosso ordenamento jurídico. Ao permitir a conservação e interconexão
de um conjunto de informações sobre os perfis genéticos de determinados indivíduos da
sociedade, tem revelado ser um instrumento fundamental de produção de prova e de auxílio na
resolução de investigações criminais. Todavia, a sua admissibilidade surge rodeada de um
conjunto de problemas que interessam considerar.
Com efeito, para o presente trabalho torna-se indispensável enquadrar e ponderar
diversas questões, designadamente, determinar o modo de aplicação das técnicas de análise de
ADN no âmbito da investigação criminal e o tipo de informação biológica que pode ser utilizado,
a natureza e o valor que assume como meio de prova, bem como identificar os direitos
fundamentais que são potencialmente afetados com o recurso à prova genética e pela criação de
bases de dados de perfis de ADN.
Deste modo, iremos incidir a nossa investigação sobre a análise dos problemas que a lei
n.º 5/2008, de 12 de fevereiro suscita, analisando e ponderando os pressupostos e
procedimentos de recolha e tratamento laboratorial de amostras biológicas, a constituição da
base de dados e dos requisitos que autorizam a inserção e armazenamento dos perfis genéticos
na base de dados de perfis de ADN.
Porém, centrar-nos-emos, essencialmente, sobre os critérios e problemas que resultam
da recolha e inserção de perfis genéticos de arguidos condenados por crime doloso em pena
concreta de prisão igual ou superior a três anos, uma vez que estão em causa informações
sensíveis suscetíveis de revelar muitos outros dados pessoais, que passam, deste modo, a
constar nos ficheiros que compõem a base de dados e a estar disponíveis para cruzamento com
amostras biológicas que surjam no âmbito de outras investigações, recaindo sobre o sujeito uma
constante compressão nos seus direitos fundamentais.<br>The creation of the data base of DNA profiles through Law no. 5/2008, of February
12, for the purpose of civil identification and criminal investigation, has assumed an importance
and increasing relevance in our legal system. Allowing the conservation and interconnection of a
set of information on genetic profiles of certain individuals of society, has proved to be a
fundamental instrument for proving and assisting in the resolution of criminal investigations.
However, permitting the creation of a data base of DNA is surrounded by a number of problems
that we need to consider.
In the present dissertation, it is essential to frame and ponder a number of issues,
including how to apply DNA analysis techniques in criminal investigations and the type of
biological information that can be used, the nature and the value that it assumes as a way of
proof, as well as identify the fundamental rights that are potentially affected by the use of genetic
testing and the creation of data bases of DNA profiles.
In this way, we will focus our research on the analysis of the problems that Law No.
5/2008, of February 12, raises, analyzing and pondering the assumptions and procedures of the
collection and laboratory treatment of biological samples, the constitution of a data base and the
requirements that allow the insertion and storage of genetic profiles in the DNA profiling data
base.
However, we will mainly focus on the criteria and problems that result from the collection
and insertion of genetic profiles of defendants convicted of felony crimes in actual prison
sentences equal to or more than three years as sensitive information which could be revealed in
the files that make up the data base and be available for cross-checking with biological samples
that may come up in the course of other investigations, but always considering the defendants
fundamental rights.
31
Funicelli, Michel. "Personality, Competency and Communicative Suspiciousness Profile of Canadian Police Interrogators of Criminal Suspects." Thesis, 2012. http://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/974616/4/Funicelli_MA_F2012.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
A confession in a criminal investigation is a prosecution’s most potent weapon and is sometimes the best available evidence. Identifying the profile of an effective interrogator may improve interview performance and personnel selection. Data concerning personality, interviewing competency, and communicative suspicion was collected from 29 police interrogators employed with large police forces across Canada. Interrogators reported on the outcome of their interrogations of suspects over a six-month period. It was expected that interrogators who obtain a positive outcome (full confession, partial admission, cleared innocent) would likely score high on four of the five factors of the NEO-PI, but low on N; would tend to score high on all dimensions of the competency scale (C-T, CNR, DI and Co), except for the Be scale; and would score moderately on the communicative suspiciousness measure. Results indicated a significant but inverse relationship between interrogation outcome and two pairs of variables: Conscientiousness and Careful-Tenacious, and Extroversion and Careful-Tenacious, each accounting for nearly 25% of the variance. A suppression effect is present. The knowledge gained from this experiment will assist police forces in Canada with the identification and selection process of two main groups of police officers, investigators who are called upon to interrogate persons suspected of having committed serious criminal activities and polygraph operators.
32
"Systematic differentiation between Dark and Light Leaders: Is a corporate criminal profile possible?" CAPELLA UNIVERSITY, 2009. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3330328.
Full text
33
Landrum, Jason Robert. "The crime scene of the mind prohibition, enjoyment, and the criminal profiler in film and television /." 2007. http://digital.library.okstate.edu/etd/umi-okstate-2240.pdf.
Full text
34
"Comparison of MCMI personality profiles of frotteurs, rapists and no-sex related criminals in Hong Kong." 1997. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5889102.
Full textAbstract:
by Sarina S.F. Lam.<br>Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1997.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 43-48).<br>ABSTRACT --- p.ii<br>ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.iii<br>TABLES OF CONTENTS --- p.iv<br>Chapter CHAPER I - --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1<br>The nature of frotteurism --- p.1<br>Personality of sex offenders --- p.2<br>Other related constructs of personality --- p.9<br>Purpose of the present research --- p.11<br>Chapter CHAPTER II - --- METHODS --- p.12<br>Subjects --- p.12<br>Measures --- p.14<br>Procedure --- p.18<br>Chapter CHAPTER III - --- RESULTS --- p.18<br>Background information of the subjects --- p.18<br>Scores for MCMI scales --- p.22<br>Analysis of MCMI code types --- p.28<br>Loneliness and heterosexual variables gathered from interviews --- p.30<br>Chapter CHAPTER IV - --- DISCUSSION --- p.33<br>Background of frotteurs in the present sample --- p.33<br>Personality problems and clinical syndromes of firotteurs as compared to rapists and controls --- p.35<br>Group profiles interpretation --- p.36<br>Loneliness and heterosexual relationship --- p.40<br>"The inter - relationship of personality, loneliness and sexual offending" --- p.40<br>Limitation of present research and future direction --- p.42<br>REFERENCES --- p.43<br>APPENDICES --- p.49
35
Almeida, Íris Sofia Balbino de. "Avaliação de risco de femicídio: poder e controlo nas dinâmicas das relações íntimas." Doctoral thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/5893.
Full textAbstract:
A presente dissertação insere-se no âmbito da investigação de variáveis associadas ao crime
de femicídio definido como a morte de mulheres no contexto das relações íntimas. Pretendese
nesta dissertação, caracterizar este tipo de crime em Portugal, identificando uma tipologia e
os fatores de risco, com o intuito de desenvolver um plano de prevenção. Desta forma foram
desenvolvidos cinco estudos teórica e metodologicamente distintos, mas complementares. No
estudo 1 foi realizado um estudo de precisão do questionário/grelha de recolha de informação,
com o propósito de testar a fiabilidade do mesmo. Os resultados indicaram que o instrumento
é válido através do teste da sua precisão. O estudo 2 tem como objetivo identificar e avaliar
uma tipologia para o crime de femicídio, associando as características dos agressores, das
vítimas e do respetivo fenómeno criminal. Foram identificados quatro perfis criminais
distintos que definem a existência de diferentes motivações e fatores de risco associados a
cada perfil criminal. O estudo 3 tem como objetivo identificar e comparar os fatores de risco
associados aos crimes de violência nas relações íntimas e femicídio que nos permitirão ajudar
a prevenir violência futura e a reduzir o risco de femicídio. Os resultados indicaram que o
fator mais preditivo do comportamento criminal é a existência de filhos de relações anteriores.
O estudo 4 tem como objetivo desenvolver e validar questões que permitam analisar a relação
entre a vinculação e o crime de femicídio a partir de instrumentos de avaliação da vinculação
dos adultos. Os resultados indicaram que as questões apresentam precisão, validade
convergente e discriminante. O estudo 5 consiste em estudar a relação entre as diferentes
tipologias obtidas nos estudos anteriores e as relações de amor/afeto, conceptualizadas como
um processo de vinculação. Os resultados indicaram que os femicidas tendem a desenvolver
uma vinculação insegura nas suas relações de intimidade, possuem uma intensa preocupação
com as relações e um desejo constante de proximidade, preocupação excessiva com o
abandono e a perda nas relações de intimidade. Numa análise global aos perfis criminais
obtidos verifica-se que cada um deles identifica fatores de risco específicos suscetíveis de
prevenção. De facto, estes perfis permitem auxiliar os profissionais e as instituições que
trabalham nesta área, a fazer uma leitura dos indicadores de risco de violência letal.<br>This thesis intends to explore the variables associated with femicide defined as the killing of
female by male partners with whom they have or have had a sexual and/or emotional
relationship. The main goal of this thesis was to characterize this type of crime in Portugal,
identifying a typology and risk factors in order to develop a prevention strategy. Thus five
studies have been developed theoretically and methodologically distinct, but complementary.
In study 1 was developed a questionnaire accuracy study, in order to test its reliability. The
results indicated that the instrument is valid and accurate. The study 2 aims to identify and
evaluate a femicide typology, combining the offenders and victims characteristics and this
criminal phenomenon. We identified four different criminal profiles that define the existence
of different motivations and risk factors associated with each criminal profile. The study 3
aims to identify and compare risk factors associated with intimate violence and femicide that
allow us to help prevent future violence and reduce the femicide risk. The results indicated
that the factor most predictive of criminal behavior is children from previous relationships.
The study 4 aims to develop and validate questions in order to analyze the relationship
between attachment and femicide. The results indicated that the questions are accurate and
have convergent and discriminant validity. The study 5 aims to identify the relationship
between the different criminal profiles obtained in previous studies and attachment. The
results show us that the offenders tends to develop an insecure attachment in their intimate
relationships, have an intense concern with relationships and a constant desire of closeness
and obsession with abandonment and loss of intimacy. In a global analysis of the criminal
profiles obtained it appears that each of them identifies specific risk factors may be prevented.
In fact, these profiles allow aid professionals and institutions to have a deep knowledge about
the risk of lethal violence.
36
Araújo, João Bosco de. "Etiologia criminal na gestão de contratos terceirizados." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/6088.
Full textAbstract:
No mundo contemporâneo, crimes econômicos e fraudes financeiras assumem
diferentes formas, características e modalidades. A globalização e o dinâmico
desenvolvimento tecnológico, tornaram sofisticados e complexos os crimes e fraudes,
pois fragilizam mecanismos de defesas e controles internos devido a rapidez com que as
mudanças organizacionais ocorrem e contribuem para elevar vulnerabilidades e riscos na
gestão de contratos terceirizados. Os crimes e fraudes praticados durante a vigência de
contratos, sejam privados ou públicos, evidenciam conflitos de interesses, desvios de
condutas, oportunismos e desprezo aos valores éticos realizados por responsáveis que
deveriam controlar acordos comerciais, licitações, seleções de fornecedores e/ou
produtos, revelando um perfil fraudador com forte atuação predatória. A frágil, ou
limitada, capacidade dos controles internos preventivos e a evidente manipulação das três
linhas de defesa em todos os segmentos e portes empresariais ratificam, infelizmente, a
elevação dos casos de fraudes e de crimes econômicos. Neste contexto, esta pesquisa
procurou identificar riscos inerentes aos contratos e características do perfil fraudador
responsável por anular controles e manipular linhas de defesa na gestão de contratos,
estabelecendo o nexo causal entre a prática criminosa e a exposição aos riscos contratuais.
Fundamentado nesse propósito, foram realizadas pesquisas específicas sobre os tipos de
contratos impactados, características dos perfis dos fraudadores e identificação das
principais medidas protecionistas implementadas para mitigar fraudes e crimes
econômicos contratuais. Finalmente, espera-se que esta Dissertação concorra para a
conscientização de empresários, gestores e, principalmente, auditores, sobre a
importância em disseminar para os atores envolvidos na gestão de contratos terceirizados
metodologias e ferramentas relacionadas à detecção, à prevenção, ao monitoramento e ao
tratamento de riscos, alinhadas com regras de compliance específicas para os riscos
contratuais inerentes, que permitam preservar a imagem da empresa, proteger
investimentos, garantir operações e continuidade do negócio.<br>In the contemporary world, economic crimes and financial fraud take on different
forms, characteristics and modalities. Globalization and dynamic technological
development have made sophisticated and complex crimes and frauds as they weaken
internal defenses and controls because of the rapidity with which organizational changes
occur and contribute to the elevation of vulnerabilities and risks in the management of
outsourced contracts. Crimes and fraud committed during the term of contracts, whether
private or public, show conflicts of interest, misconduct, opportunism and contempt for
the ethical values made by managers who should control commercial agreements, bids,
supplier selections and / or products, Revealing a predatory fraud profile. The fragile or
limited capacity of the internal preventive controls and the evident manipulation of the
three lines of defense in all segments and sizes of business unfortunately ratify the
increase of cases of fraud and economic crimes. In this context, this research sought to
identify risks inherent in the contracts and characteristics of the fraud profile responsible
for annulling controls and manipulating lines of defense in contract management,
establishing the causal link between criminal practice and exposure to contractual risks.
Based on this purpose, specific research was carried out on the types of contracts
impacted, characteristics of fraudster profiles and identification of the main protectionist
measures implemented to mitigate fraud and economic contractual crimes. Finally, it is
expected that this Dissertation will contribute to the awareness of entrepreneurs,
managers and, especially, auditors, about the importance of disseminating to the actors
involved in the management of outsourced contracts methodologies and tools related to
the detection, prevention, monitoring and Risk treatment in line with specific compliance
rules for the inherent contractual risks that can preserve the company’s image, protect
investments, guarantee operations and business continuity.
37
Sivnarain, Ranesh. "The value of investigative profiling of fraud offenders by forensic investigators." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/4300.
Full textAbstract:
The problem that the researcher encountered was that forensic investigators were found not to be formally using offender profiling as an investigative technique during investigations into fraud. This research was conducted to ascertain how offender profiling may be useful in expediting the forensic investigation process.
The purpose of this research was to establish what offender profiling is, and what aspects or ingredients constitute such an offender profile. As offender profiles will serve as an aid in future forensic investigations into fraud, this study attempted to create an understanding and awareness of the value of offender profiling. In order for forensic investigators to use offender profiling during routine fraud investigations, it is extremely important that they understand the concept and its practical implementation.
The overall purpose of this study is to provide practical recommendations for the implementation and use of offender profiling to forensic investigators both in the public and private sectors.<br>Criminal and Procedural Law<br>(M.Tech. (Forensic Investigation))
38
Pillay, Anben. "The demographic profile, substance use, competence to stand trial and criminal responsibility among “ Observation Patients” admitted for forensic psychiatric evaluation at Sterkfontein Hospital, Gauteng, South Africa." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/10574.
Full textAbstract:
A review of the literature indicates that young males, who are unemployed with low
levels of education, predominate in populations of pre-trial criminal offenders
suspected of having a psychiatric illness, also known as “Observation Patients”
according to the Criminal Procedures Act of 1977 in South Africa. Other contributory
factors include a history of mental illness and non-compliance on psychiatric
medication, a previous forensic history, co-morbid substance abuse and being
intoxicated at the time of the offence. Dual diagnosis is considered a key contributor
to criminal behaviour in this group of patients. The review of the literature also shows
a significant proportion of co-morbid intellectual disability among offenders found to
be psychiatrically ill at the time of the criminal event. A previous study conducted 20
years earlier, in 1986 at the Sterkfontein Forensic Psychiatric Unit by Vorster (1986)
showed that the typical profile was a single, unemployed, poorly educated male in his
twenties, usually with a history of psychiatric treatment. This typical profile
confirmed the evidence in the literatures at the time of the study.
39
Swart, Lu-Anne. "Adoloscent homicide victimisation in Johannesburg, South Africa : epidemiological profile, situational context and neighbourhood structure." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/18522.
Full textAbstract:
Although interpersonal violence is the leading cause of nonnatural death among adolescents in South Africa, research is limited. This thesis examined homicides among adolescents (15-19 years) in the city of Johannesburg, South Africa, during the period 2001 to 2009. It aimed to describe the incidence and epidemiology; depict the situational contexts based on victim, offender and event characteristics, and to develop a situational typology of adolescent homicides; and to identify the structural factors associated with neighbourhood levels of adolescent homicide within the city. Four separate studies were conducted using data from the National Injury Mortality Surveillance System (NIMSS), police case records, and Census 2001. The results revealed an average annual homicide rate of 23.4/100 000, with firearm homicides decreasing considerably over the study period, while homicides due to sharp instruments and blunt force increased. The epidemiological results highlighted the vulnerability of male, and black and coloured adolescents. The typological analysis identified three categories of adolescent homicide, namely: 1) male victims killed by strangers during a crime-related event; 2) male victims killed by a friend/acquaintance during an argument; and 3) female victims killed by male offenders, and indicates the need for multiple and focused prevention strategies. Alcohol use was also prevalent, with 39% of the victims tested having positive blood alcohol concentrations (BAC). The characteristics found to be associated with alcohol-related homicides, specifically, male victims killed with sharp instruments in public places, over the weekends and during the evenings, and by a friend/acquaintance draw attention to both the harmful pattern of intoxication-oriented drinking and the risky situational contexts in which adolescents consume alcohol. Finally, the results also showed that the incidence of male and female adolescent homicides was greater in neighbourhoods characterised by poverty and deprivation, while female adolescent homicides were also higher in neighbourhoods marked by high concentrations of households where children were not living with their parents. Overall the results point to the urgent need for a comprehensive prevention strategy that targets adolescents, their families and communities, and also addresses weapon availability, alcohol use, and issues of masculinity and gender to reduce homicides among adolescents.<br>D. Litt et Phil. (Psychology)
40
Radebe, Zama Khanyisile. "The relationship between stressful life events, personality profile, dissociative experiences, attachment styles and types of crimes committed among mentally ill offenders and criminal offenders in the South African context." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/17467.
Full textAbstract:
A Research Report submitted to the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the
Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in fulfillment of the requirements of the PhD degree.
Johannesburg 2014<br>The current study investigates the relationship between stressful life events, personality profile,
dissociative experiences, attachment styles and the types of crimes committed among 100
mentally ill offenders and 100 criminal offenders in the South African context. It is motivated by
the fact that there are no studies in South Africa comparing forensic patients and criminal
offenders and the various factors that may lead to criminal behaviour, and how these may present
in terms of the type and/or nature of offences committed. Instead, there is a growing emphasis on
observation of patients and assessments for fitness and competence to stand trial with very little
focus on understanding the mentally ill offenders and criminal offenders. This study aims to
improve the understanding and knowledge with regards to the presentation of each of these
groups under study and also to investigate possible differences in the types of crimes committed.
It aims to assess possible correlations between the variables of the study (stressful life events,
personality profiles, dissociative experiences, attachment styles and the types of crimes). It
further aims to inform future treatment interventions in the forensic setting and to offer possible
prevention models for the community setting. The study hypothesises that there are no
differences between the mentally ill offenders and criminal offenders with regards to stressful life
events, personality profile, dissociative experiences, attachment styles and the types of crimes
committed. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Committee for Research on Human Subjects
of the University of Witwatersrand‟s medical school. The sample size of this study consists of
200 participants (156 males and 54 females).
Convenience sampling was used, where 100 mentally ill offenders admitted at the Sterkfontein
Psychiatric Hospital and 100 criminal offenders, incarcerated at the Johannesburg Correctional
Services in the Johannesburg area at the time of data collection, were involved in the study. The
mentally ill offenders from Sterkfontein Psychiatric Hospital were interviewed at the hospital and
the criminal offenders from Correctional Services were interviewed in their respective prisons
without the presence of a prison guard.
Participants‟ ages ranged from 18 years to 60 years. Those people who were not willing to
participate were not included in the study. The Biographical details questionnaire, Social Readjustment
Rating Scale (SRRS), Stressful Life Events Screening Questionnaire (SLESQ),
Multiphasic Minnesota Personality Inventory – II (MMPI-II), Dissociative Experience Scale
(DES) and Attachment Styles Questionnaire (ASQ) were administered to the participants of the
study as a means of gathering information regarding the variables under study. The types of
crimes and diagnoses were obtained from the records. The study attempted to ascertain whether
there were any associations, and whether predictions could be made for possible future
assessments and treatment strategies. It is a quasi-experimental design with “diagnosis” as the
between-participants factor. Independent variables of the study were the type of offender, i.e.
mentally ill/clinical/forensic patient offender and criminal offenders, as well as the types of
crimes, i.e. violent or non-violent crime. The dependent variables were stressful life events.
These variables were measured in terms of low risk to illness, moderate risk and high risk to
illness; personality profile; dissociative experiences, measured as either low levels or high levels
of dissociation and attachment styles (secure, fearful avoidant, ambivalent and preoccupied
attachment styles). The confounding variables were substance abuse, medication and comorbid
diagnoses.
Descriptive statistics and the discriminant function analysis were performed. Box M was also
performed to test the null hypothesis that the covariance matrices did not differ between groups
formed by the dependent variables. The Chi Square test for independence was also used to
determine whether associations existed between two nominally categorical variables. The results
of the study indicated that there were only four female participants in the clinical offender group.
A high number of research participants were single in both the criminal (72%) and clinical (80%)
offender groups. Furthermore, the majority of the participants in the study were Black, where
93% in the criminal offender group and 75% in the clinical offender group. 65% of the
participants in the criminal offender group and 85% in the clinical offender group had no tertiary
education. There was evidence that clinical offenders tended to commit more violent crimes
(83%), while criminal offenders committed more non-violent (61%) and “other” crimes (21%).
91% of criminal offenders reported homelessness compared to clinical offenders (22%). The
Dissociative Experience Scale was statistically significant, suggesting that dissociative
experiences were a strong determinant of whether one is deemed a criminal or clinical offender.
High levels of stress were correlated with higher incidents of criminal behaviour. In contrast to
the literature review, past childhood trauma was not statistically significant in the current study.
Clinical offenders reported more psychological problems. When ANOVA‟s were performed,
psychological difficulties such as depression, anger, antisocial practices, low self-esteem,
psychasthenia and family problems were statistically significant, suggesting that these variables
were strong determinants for the likelihood of criminal offending. Dismissive and Fearful
attachment styles were statistically significant.
In conclusion, dissociative experiences, social re-adjustment, psychological pathology and both
dismissive and fearful attachment styles were strong determinants of offending behaviour.
41
Doorewaard, Cecili. "Livestock theft : a criminological assessment and sample-specific profile of the perpetrators." Diss., 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/26792.
Full textAbstract:
This qualitative research and case study analysis resulted from the dearth of information on livestock theft and the livestock theft perpetrators. The purpose of this study was to explore, describe and explain the criminal behaviour associated with livestock theft from a criminological point of view by compiling a sample-specific profile of the perpetrators. Interviews were conducted with 35 offenders, 28 case dockets were analysed and additional interviews were conducted with the SAPS STU members and victims to determine the modus operandi, motives and causes of the crimes. Criminological theories were applied to explain the offending behaviour. The findings of this study revealed that the livestock theft perpetrators come from diverse backgrounds regarding age, qualification status and socio-economic class. Their crimes were of an organised nature and the motives and causes revealed that financial intent was the main driving factor of the behind the thefts.<br>Dinyakisiso tsa boleng le tshekatsheko ya dinyakisiso tsa tiragalo di feleleditse ka tlhokego ya tshedimoso ka ga bohodu bja leruo le basenyi ba bohodu bja leruo. Maikemisetso a dinyakisiso tse e bile go utolla, go hlatholla le go hlalosa maitshwaro a bosenyi a go amana le bohudu bja leruo go ya ka lehlakore la tsa bosenyi ka go ngwala phrofaele ya mabapi le sampole ya mahodu a leruo. Dipoledisano di swerwe le basenyi ba 35, ditokete tsa melato di ile tsa sekasekwa gomme dipoledisano tsa tlaleletso di ile tsa swarwa le maloko a Lekala la Maphodisa leo le somago ka Bohodu bja Leruo le batswasehlabelo ka nepo ya go tseba mokgwa wo o somiswago ka bohodung bja leruo, maikemisetso le tseo di bakago bosenyi. Diteori ka ga dithuto tsa bosenyi di ile tsa diriswa go hlalosa maitshwaro a tshenyo. Dikutollo tsa dinyakisiso di utollotse gore basenyi ba bohodu bja leruo ba tswa maemong ao a fapanego mabapi le mengwaga, maemo a tsa thuto le maemo a ekonomi ya setshaba. Bosenyi bja bona ke bjo bo rulagantswego gomme maikemisetso le dilo tseo di bakago bosenyi di utollotse gore maikemisetso a tsa ditshelete, bojato, go iphedisa, tlhokego ya mesomo, boipuseletso, kgatelelo ya sethaka, maemo a setshabeng le tshomisobosaedi ya diokobatsi e bile dilo tse kgolo tseo di bakago bohodu.<br>Uhlaziyo locwaningo lwe-qualitative kanye ne-case study luvezwe wumphumela wokusweleka kolwazi ngokuntshontshwa kwemfuyo kanye nalabo abantshontsha imfuyo. Inhloso yalolu cwaningo ukuhlola, ukucacisa kanye nokuchaza ukuziphatha kobugebengu obuhambisana nokuntshontshwa kwemfuyo, ngokulandela izifundo zezobugebengu ngokwenza uhlaka olulula lohlobo lwalabo abenza lobu bugebengu. Kwenziwe izingxoxo zama-interview nabenzi bubugebengu abangu 35, kwahlaziywa namadokethi amacala kwabuye kwenziwa ama-interview namalunga ezamaphoyisa abhekene nokuntshontshwa kwemfuyo abe-Stock Theft Unit kanye nalabo abangamaxhoba okuntshontshelwa imfuyo, ukuthola indlela okusetshenzwa ngayo, isisusa kanye nembangela yobugebengu. Amathiyori ezifundo ngobugebengu asethenziswe ukuchaza indlela yokuziphatha kobugebengu. Okutholakele kucwaningo kuveze ukuthi izigebengu ezintshontsha imfuyo zivela emikhakheni ehlukene, maqondana neminyaka yobudala, izinga lemfundo kanye nesimo sezomnotho emphakathini. Ubugebengu yinhlobo yobugebengu obuhleliwe, kanti izisusa nezimbangela zikhombise inhloso yezezimali, ubugovu, ukuzama ukuziphilisa, ukusweleka kwemisebenzi, impindiselo, ingcindezelo ngontanga, isimo emphakathini kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ngezinye zezinto ezingumfutho obangela lokhu kuntshontshwa kwemfuyo.<br>Criminology and Security Science<br>M.A. (Criminology)
42
Mahalefa, Andries. "Vetting as a technique to investigate employment fraud in the City of Johannesburg." Diss., 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/27197.
Full textAbstract:
The research study covers the following topic “Vetting as a Technique to Investigate Employment Fraud in the City of Johannesburg Metropolitan”. The researcher intends to evaluate the current procedures which are used in the process of forensic vetting as employment fraud investigation method in CoJ. Furthermore, to build the ground work for potential future innovation, problem solving, decision making and proper planning of the use of forensic vetting as employment fraud investigation method.
The researcher applied the qualitative approach throughout the research because qualitative involves interaction between the researcher and the subject that was identified as a problem that concerned CoJ
The researcher had selected ten (10) forensic investigators to partake in this study. The total population to be interviewed and collect data from was considerable and appropriate for evaluating forensic vetting as an employment fraud investigation method. The researcher used purposive sampling to choose the participants for this research.
It was found that every individual within an organ of the State must be subjected to the vetting process. It was further found that the institutions in governmental, organs of the State and private spheres must adopt the forensic vetting practice to minimize fraudulent activities in their organizations.<br>Department of Police Practice<br>M. Tech. (Forensic Investigation)
43
Gillespie, Roy Tamejen. "The best practices applied by forensic investigators in conducting lifestyle audits on white collar crime suspects." Diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/14383.
Full textAbstract:
This research looks at the best practices applied by forensic investigators in conducting lifestyle audits on white collar crime suspects. The researcher explored, firstly, how a lifestyle audit relates to white collar crime investigations; secondly, the best practices in performing lifestyle audits on white collar crime suspects, and lastly, the various sources of information available to forensic investigators when conducting a lifestyle audit of a white collar crime suspect.
As lifestyle audits will serve as an investigative tool in future forensic investigations into white collar crime, this study’s aim was to understand and create an awareness of the current best practices applied by forensic investigators within private sector forensic investigation practices while conducting lifestyle audits during white collar crime investigations. It also makes available research data regarding the concept of lifestyle audits in white collar crime investigations, the implementation of these audits, the benefits, and the best practices of these audits.
The general purpose of this study was to provide practical recommendations on the best practices for lifestyle audits for forensic investigators within private sector.<br>Criminology<br>M. Tech. (Forensic Investigation)
44
Munnik, Engela Elizabeth. "Vrouemisdadiger : 'n ondersoek na die persepsies van 'n groep inwoners van Pretoria." Thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/17541.
Full textAbstract:
Text in Afrikaans<br>Vrouemisdaad is 'n komplekse sosiale verskynsel. 'n Aspek
van vrouemisdaad wat in die onderhawige proef skrif ondersoek
word, is om aan die hand van bestaande teoriee te probeer
verklaar waarom vroue soveel minder misdaad as mans pleeg.
Ten einde antwoorde op die vraag te vind, is 'n kwantitatiewe
ondersoek na die gemeenskap se houding rakende die
vrouemisdadiger en 'n kwalitatiewe ontleding van die
beskikbare literatuur gedoen.
'n Intensiewe verkennende studie van die beskikbare
literatuur het getoon dat die gemeenskap, navorsers en
akademici bepaalde persepsies huldig oor die vrouemisdadiger
wat nie altyd met die werklike beeld strook nie. Alhoewel
die getalle van vrouemisdadigers deur die jare toegeneem
het, het die tipe misdade wat vroue pleeg weinig verander en
die omvang van vrouemisdaad proporsioneel tot die bevolking
dieselfde gebly. Geen enkele teorie of benadering op
sigself bied 'n algemene verklaring vir die verskynsel van
vrouemisdaad nie; dit kan hoogstens as gedeeltelike
verklaring dien. 'n Algemene verklaringsmodel vir vrouemisdaad
is egter opgestel wat terselfdertyd as samevatting
van die geselekteerde teoriee dien.
Met behulp van die argivale metode is 'n profiel van die
gekommitteerde vrouemisdadiger saamgestel om 'n basiese
kennissisteem van die vrouemisdadiger daar te stel.
Statisties beduidende verbande is gevind tussen die
karakteristieke van die blanke gekommitteerde
vrouemisdadiger se huwelikstaat, aantal kinders en bedrog.
Die kwantitatiewe ondersoek bestaan uit die ontleding van
516 respondente se persepsies oor die vrouemisdadiger. Uit
die resultate van verskeie statistiese tegnieke blyk dit dat
die ondersoekgroep, wat blanke respondente van vier voorstede
uit struktuurstreekplansel 22 van Pretoria verteenwoordig,
bepaalde persepsies en opvattings aangaande die
vrouemisdadiger het. Die persepsiemeting het aan die lig
gebring dat daar verskille in persepsies bestaan oor die
vrouemisdadiger en vrouemisdaad in die blanke gemeenskap
bestaan. Hierdie persepsies stem nie ooreen met die beeld
wat blyk uit die onderhawige navorsing nie. Statisties
beduidende verskille in persepsies tussen manlike en
vroulike respondente van die ondersoekgroep is ook gevind.
Daar bestaan verder statisties beduidende verskille tussen
respondente van verskillende voorstede, onderwyspeile,
taalgroepe, en ouderdomsgroepe.<br>It can be said that female crime is a complex phenomenon.
An aspect of female crime that is investigated in this
thesis is to explain, with reference to existing theories,
why women commit fewer crimes than men. In an attempt to
answer this question, a quantitative investigation regarding
the attitude of society towards the female criminal as well
as a qualitative study of the available literature, was
conducted.
An intensive exploratory study
on female crime indicated that
and academics have a certain
of the available
the community,
perception of
literature
researchers
the female
criminal which does not always correspond with the facts.
Although the number of female criminals has increased
through the years the extent of female crime, proportionally
to the population size, has remained constant, and the type
of crime committed by women has remained relatively
unchanged. It seems clear that no single theory or approach
can explain female crime, it can at best give a partial
explanation. An integrated explanation model for female
crime has been compiled which simultaneously serves as a
summary of selected theories.
By means of the archival research method a profile of the
female prisoner was compiled, to be used as a basis for the
researcher's scientific knowledge of this phenomenon.
Statistically significant relations were found to exist
between the characteristics of the white female prisoner's
marital status, number of children and fraud.
The quantitative investigation consisted of an analysis of
the responses of 516 respondents on an attitude scale. The
results of various statistical techniques show that the
research group, which represents respondents fr6m four
suburbs from structure plan cell 22 of Pretoria, reveals
certain attitudes and beliefs about the female criminal.
This attitude measurement indicated that differences in
perceptions regarding the female
in the white community do
criminal and female
exist. Furthermore
crime
these
perceptions do not correlate
on the female criminal in
with the information gathered
this research. Statistically
significant differences in attitude were found between male
and female respondents, respondents from the different
suburbs, with different qualifications, of different
language groups, and of different age groups.<br>Sociology<br>D. Lit. et Phil. (Kriminologie)
45
Mashabela, Manaso Pelmos. "A model of performance management for the parole boards in South Africa : a penological perspective." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/4104.
Full textAbstract:
One of the fundamental objectives of the criminal justice system in any country is to punish, rehabilitate, deter, incapacitate and reintegrate offenders into communities. The main motive of punishment therefore is to transform criminals into responsible and law-abiding citizens. Parole is acknowledged as an internationally accepted mechanism that allows for the conditional release of offenders from correctional centres into the community and forms one of the most important components of the criminal justice system value chain. The release of the offenders on parole therefore, does not negate the objectives of punishment but entrenches them through setting conditions by which all parolees must abide by. In other words, all offenders released on parole are supervised at all times by parole officials within their communities to ensure that they comply with their conditions. It is for this function- to grant parole to offenders, that the parole boards have been established in different countries.
The Department of Correctional Services in South Africa has adopted the independent model of parole which provides for the parole boards that are headed by independent members from the public appointed by the Minister of Correctional Services. Parole is administered by the parole boards and has, as one of its main functions the release of offenders based on their eligibility. The absence of the performance management system for the parole board makes parole board decision making less transparent and government accountability difficult to establish. Performance management systems have been used to strengthen good governance. The purpose of this study is to contribute to the design of a model of performance management of the parole boards in the Department of Correctional Services in South Africa.<br>Penology<br>D.Litt. et Phil. (Penology)
46
Bruce, Johannes Conradie. "The role of structural factors underlying incidences of extreme opportunism in financial markets." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/1582.
Full textAbstract:
A sociological approach is used to analyze incidences of extreme opportunism in financial markets. Through an analysis of arguably the most widely publicized "rogue" trader events in recent history, a determination is made of the validity of explaining these events as aberrations, attributable to the actions of "rogues". The primary focus is the role of structural factors underlying these incidences of extreme opportunism in financial markets. A diverse range of documentary and other sources is used to avoid any form of bias as far as possible. It was found that structural factors act as countervailing forces to inhibit such behavior or as motivators and facilitators acting as catalysts for extreme opportunism. The balance between these factors largely determines the level of opportunistic behavior in a particular environment. Extreme opportunism is therefore not an aberration or "rogue" occurrence but a manageable phenomenon intrinsic to the social structural context within which it occurs.
By conceptualizing these factors as countervailing forces one is forced to view structural factors, like compensation structures and formal and informal restraints, relative to one another and no longer in isolation. This realization translates into the conclusion that restraints and oversight systems for example, should be designed relative to the relevant motivators and facilitators in its area of application. In an environment where traders of highly geared financial products are motivated with multimillion USD incentive packages, a low budget oversight system and inexperienced regulatory staff, is clearly not the appropriate tools to control and manage extreme opportunism.<br>Criminology<br>D.Phil. (Sociology)
47
Bruyns, Hennie 1959. "The impact of prison reform on the inmate population of Swaziland." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/1723.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study was to contextualise the Swaziland correctional services environment and inmate population, analysing how best to respond to the needs of the organisation and providing strategies that can have an impact on crime and recidivism.
Offenders in Swaziland are incarcerated because alternatives to imprisonment or the resources necessary to make a visible impact on the inmate population are not provided. There is also very little scientific information available on the profiles of inmates to determine who really needs to be incarcerated, who could be incarcerated for a shorter time and who could be taken care of in the community.
In addition to the above, Swaziland correctional services finds itself in a predicament where it has to provide concrete evidence that it is effective and adding value to the social and economic reconstruction of the country. This implies the frequent assessment of the organisation's performance to ensure the continuous delivery of cost-effective, innovative and high quality correctional services.
In an attempt to understand the breadth of the problems faced by Swaziland correctional services, this thesis sets out to assess the environment in which Swaziland correctional services operates and to suggest mechanisms which can be used to rehabilitate and reduce the inmate population in order to add value and sustain the delivery of an effective correctional service.
This study would seem to be of value not only to correctional practitioners, but also to the police and judiciary in that they will have a better understanding of dilemmas faced by Swaziland correctional services. This will assist the police and judiciary to take more informed decisions with regard to effective law enforcement, detention of awaiting-trials and sentencing practices. With Swaziland and other African countries embarking on a new route in corrections, the academic world can also play a major role in enlightening reform in legislation, policies and practices.<br>Penology<br>D.Litt. et Phil. (Penology)
48
Louw, Francois Christiaan Marthinus. "The parole process from a South African perspective." Diss., 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/1320.
Full textAbstract:
The transformation of the Department of Correctional Services into an institution of rehabilitation and the promotion of corrections as a societal responsibility brought a new dimension to the release policy of South Africa. A new Correctional Services Act 111 of 1998 came into effect and the Department of Correctional Services published a White Paper on Corrections during 2005.
The idealistic correctional goal of protecting the community while rehabilitating the offender has served as a reason for conducting research into the parole process from a South African perspective. The qualitative aim of the study is to explore parole as a phenomenon and to describe the process involved in successfully reintegrating an offender into the community.
The significant role that Correctional Supervision and Parole Boards play in the parole process and the emphasis they place on community safety, the interest of the victim and the rehabilitation and control of offenders as part of their mission statement are highlighted in the study.<br>Penology<br>M.A. (Penology)