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1
Hemphill, James Franklin. "Psychopathy, criminal history, and recidivism." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0005/NQ34517.pdf.
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Yeung, Cham-ming. "A study of psychosocial vulnerability in the process of criminal recidivism implications for recidivism prevention /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31979403.
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Kirkpatrick, Bonnie Lavonne High. "Cognitive restructuring : effects on recidivism." Virtual Press, 1996. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1027089.
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The purpose of this baseline study was to determine the effectiveness of a cognitive restructuring program in reducing recidivism of offenders under supervision in a communitybased setting. The study also sought to determine the relationships between three outcomes (no recidivism within one year of release from the community-based supervised setting, violation of Home Detention requirements resulting in incompleteness of court ordered supervision, and recidivism within one year of release from Home Detention) and risk predictor variables including hours of participation in a cognitive restructuring program (Criminal Intervention), gender, race, age, previous criminal history, educational attainment, and history of substance abuse.The population of the study included offenders under sentence of community-based supervision during a two-year period from November, 1992 to October, 1994. One group of 297 offenders participated in the cognitive restructuring intervention program; another group of 346 offenders did not participate. Chi-square analyses based in contingency tables determined statistical significance of the categorical variables, and stepwise discriminant analysis was utilized to create a model that best differentiated between three outcome groups.When using 16 predictor variables, the results of discriminant analyses indicated that outcomes between groups could be differentiated by a function that accounted for 94% of the variability between groups and resulted in no statistically significant residual discriminations. Pearson product-moment correlational analyses indicated only modest correlations between the variables, and chi-square analyses resulted in the rejection of seven out of ten hypotheses concerning outcome and the categorical risk variables.Two important findings relating to the treatment program, Criminal Intervention, were found. Post-release recidivism of offenders was reduced by 7%. However, offenders participating in the treatment program were terminated from supervision due to violations of the conditions for that supervision at an additional rate of 10% over the nonparticipating violators. The review of the literature and research findings confirmed that individual differences were important to successful rehabilitation; therefore, appropriate matching between intervention program and offender risk and need was warranted. Follow up studies, comprehensive offender assessments, and development, utilization, and validation of a comprehensive risk assessment tool was recommended for future research.Department of Educational Leadership
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楊湛明 and Cham-ming Yeung. "A study of psychosocial vulnerability in the process of criminal recidivism: implications for recidivismprevention." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31979403.
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Långström, Niklas. "Young sex offenders : individual characteristics, agency reactions and criminal recidivism /." Stockholm, 1999. http://diss.kib.ki.se/1999/91-628-3530-0/.
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Fee, Allen. "Reclamation: Reclaiming Identity and Rebuilding Community to Combat Criminal Recidivism." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1430749310.
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Russell, Kia Chevon. "Recidivism Rates Among Juveniles With Mental Illness." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4404.
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Treating mental illness is imperative to help reduce criminal justice involvement within the juvenile population. Receiving mental health care will help decrease the likelihood for youth to reoffend, ultimately reducing recidivism rates. Past studies showed there are risk factors associated with juveniles and recidivism; however, very few studies have examined what factors are prevalent after services have been received. The purpose of this study was to identify factors that increase the risk of recidivism among juveniles who have received psychiatric stabilization in Harris County, Texas. Risk factors that were assessed included age, gender, ethnicity, and criminal offense. The psychodynamic perspective guided this study and archival data were obtained from the Harris County Psychiatric Center Database. Several statistical analyses were used in this study to include a t test, chi square analysis, and a binary logistic regression analysis. Results from this study found no significant relationship with mental health diagnosis and recidivism nor did it find a significant difference in the length of stay at the psychiatric center. This study did find that simple demographics were stronger than any predictor, concluding that younger Black males were more likely to recidivate. Based on the findings from this study, juvenile justice representatives will be able to evaluate and develop programs specifically targeted to the risk factors found to be associated with recidivism.
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Van, Domselaar Theresa Anne. "Offenders' social-cognitive skills as predictors of criminality and recidivism." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0003/NQ40458.pdf.
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Escarela-Perez, Gabriel. "Extending split-population models in the analysis of recidivism." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.340570.
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Langsam, Adam H. "Juvenile Substance Abuse and Criminal Career Continuity." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2000. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2631/.
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The issue of juvenile drug abuse and criminal career continuity has become a nationwide concern in the last 3 decades. Social scientists and policymakers alike are concerned with the plausible relationship between juvenile drug abuse and adult crimes of high seriousness. This study represents an effort to examine the connection between juvenile drug abuse and criminal career continuity. This study has been conducted to examine the life course of the individual. The data came from Lyle Shannon's longitudinal study of the relationship between juvenile delinquency and adult crime in three birth cohorts from the city of Racine, Wisconsin The traditional social control approach toward reducing the likelihood of criminal career continuity is deterrence. The deterrence model asserts that people engage in certain kinds of behavior only after rational calculation of the costs versus the benefits. People who obey the law strive for the rewards of conformity and try to avoid the costs of criminal behavior. The threat of punishment increases the potential costs of breaking the law. Punishment is one sanction inducing such compliance. It must be realized, however, that deterrence does not have a linear effect across all types of offenders. The degree of deterrent effect on future criminal activity is often mitigated by the circumstances unique to an individual. The offender who is involved with drug abuse and the lifestyle that surrounds it best exemplifies this situation. This way of life diminishes the effectiveness of official deterrence techniques to an extent, because drug abuse is a biopsychosocial problem. In this study, the researcher pursued a number of concerns dealing with the question of whether juveniles who are delinquents and drug users are more likely to commit crimes as adults. The focus was on the juvenile recidivist and the juvenile drug user. The results indicate that those juveniles having a contact with the police are more likely to have a criminal career than are those who do not. Furthermore, those juveniles having a police contact for drugs are far more likely to commit crimes of high seriousness in adulthood than are those juveniles having police contact for non-drug crimes. In an analysis of sanctions, the results support the hypothesis that those juveniles receiving a sanction are less likely to commit a crime of high seriousness in adulthood than those who received no sanction. In addition, the empirical findings support the hypothesis that those juveniles receiving a sanction for a drug crime are more likely to commit an adult crime of high seriousness than are those juveniles who received a non-drug sanction. This result is likely due to the biopsycosocial nature of drug abuse. The results do not support the hypothesis that juvenile drug distributors are more likely to commit a crime of high seriousness in adulthood than are consumers. Also, the results suggest that there is no support for the hypothesis that juveniles who used hard drugs are more likely to commit adult crimes of high seriousness than are those who used marijuana only. These results suggest that once a juvenile is in the drug web, he/she becomes an active participant in a network of criminal activity.
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Hobbs, Frances M. (Frances Margaret) Carleton University Dissertation Psychology. "Antisocial personality and substance use disorders; effect on criminal career and recidivism." Ottawa, 1991.
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12
Shaw, Danielle M. "Predicting Criminal Recidivism Using Survival Analysis: Evidence from a Mental Health Court." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1563462148768683.
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Leslie, Dacia. "Criminal recidivism in the Caribbean : improving the reintegration of Jamaican ex-prisoners." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2016. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/93842/.
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Finding ways to reintegrate ex-prisoners into Jamaican society is a pressing but complex social, economic and moral issue. This is due, not least, to the financial costs of prison recidivism and growing concern over the Jamaican state’s capacity to meet the needs of a large number of its citizens subject to forced repatriation to their homeland by overseas jurisdictions due to their offending. The absence of a mature and reliable evidence base about the extent and nature of criminal recidivism in Jamaica also contributes to the challenges faced by policy makers and service providers seeking to reduce incidence of crime. This is in part related to the dearth of research on what is a sizeable and multi-faceted subject matter which has impeded a more decisive and progressive political and policy response. While there are generic criminological themes in regard to recidivism, desistance and reintegration of offenders that cross international boundaries (see Harriott 2000; Headley 2006), there remains the not inconsiderable challenge of identifying culturally specific features that bear upon crime and the policies and programmes that might encourage sustained abstinence from offending and which could be better served by a distinctive Caribbean criminological epistemology. To that end, this exploratory study seeks to offer insights into the social worlds of male and female offenders in Jamaica in order to better understand what they deem to be the influences that led them to crime and those which might at least assist them in desisting from law-breaking. The study is based upon a largely qualitative research design comprising semi-structured interviews and focus groups. Some 54 inmates participated who had received more than one prison sentence and in that sense are termed here a ‘recidivist’, albeit the contested nature of this term and related key concepts such as desistance and reintegration will be subject to scrutiny in the early chapters of this thesis. One other inmate who could not be regarded a prison recidivist mainly because he was awaiting trial on this his second time in prison was interviewed in prison and added to the study. All 55 interviews and most focus groups were conducted with persons being held in three of Jamaica’s maximum security correctional facilities. In addition, eighteen other individuals who had managed to stay out of prison following their release were interviewed within the community. A further set of interviews were conducted with 17 organisational leaders and spokespeople representing state and voluntary agencies engaged in the process of offender reintegration. Their perspectives reveal illuminating contrasts with those provided by the ex-prisoners about the likely ingredients of an effective return to a life without serious offending. The findings will hopefully assist policy makers and professionals in thinking about the steps that might be taken to tackle Jamaica’s high rate of serious crime. As the findings will suggest, such steps must involve a renewed understanding, sense of belief and commitment towards effective reintegration. Additionally, there needs to be a more robust conviction that persons leaving prison can indeed change but that they face embedded hostility and exclusion from a number of quarters. This study provides insights into why ex-prisoners believe that there is resistance amongst influential others in the community to accepting them as ‘reformed’. Such perspectives should assist local agencies in better understanding the impact of negative community attitudes and point to ways to counter social exclusion and help promote effective reintegration. Moreover, the findings point to the importance of strategies at national and local level that can bestow upon ex-prisoners a more meaningful sense of belonging and positive citizenship that can help reinforce the reintegration process. Throughout, the voices and experiences of the ex-prisoners come to the fore to challenge accepted policy and criminological wisdoms and to point out the need for more creative and determined initiatives to help people from prison find a new and better future.
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Brown, Shelley L. "The dynamic prediction of criminal recidivism, a three-wave prospective study 1995-2002." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2002. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/NQ65666.pdf.
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Dillenburger, Kristin E. "DEcarceration: Breaking the Cycle of Recidivism with Societal Prison Architecture." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1583999512460548.
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Spencer, David James. "Predicting early failure on probation using survival analysis and psychological predictor variables /." Digital version accessible at:, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Svensson, Andreas. "The Cognitive Skills Program and Offender Recidivism in Swedish Probation." Thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Psychology, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-7150.
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This study is an evaluation of the rehabilitative effects of the Cognitive Skills program, an accredited correctional treatment program offered by the Swedish probation service since 1995. Whereas the program has previously been studied in Swedish prison settings, this is the first Swedish study in a non-custodial setting. All 117 male probationer program participants 1995-2000 were closely matched to 349 controls in a survival analysis of long-term recidivism in the sample. Program completers did not show lower relative risk of relapse than the control group, consisting of probationers who did not enter the program. A survival analysis of a violent offender subsample was inconclusive due to sample size but suggests a potential program effect on this type of offender.
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Blanchette, Kelley Carleton University Dissertation Psychology. "The Relationships between criminal history, mental disorder, and recidivism among federally sentenced female offenders." Ottawa, 1996.
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Erbe, Joanne Marie. "Spirituality: The effects on female inmates and recidivism." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2004. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2681.
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This study examined the effects of the spiritual component of rehabilitation on female inmates who were in custody during 2002 at the Larry D. Smith Correctional Facility (LDSCF) and how church attendance relates to recidivism.
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Kitzmiller, Sierra. "An Exploration of Factors Related to Recidivism Rates Among Mentally Ill Parolees." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2021. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3924.
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Although criminality among mentally ill individuals is a well-documented phenomenon, limited research has focused on specific factors that need to be addressed to combat this issue. Utilizing the theoretical framework of Shaw and McKay’s (1942) Social Disorganization Theory, in conjunction with collective efficacy (Sampson et al., 1997) and social capital (Coleman, 1988), different factors were explored in an attempt to discover their relationship with recidivism. Using secondary data from Criminal Justice Drug Abuse Treatment Studies, variables such as homelessness, unemployment, and religious importance were analyzed in relation to rearrest rates from 889 parolees nine months post-release. Marriage, sex, and age were controlled for. A relationship was found between unemployment and rearrest; however, no relationship was found between rearrest and homelessness or religious importance among this sample. Results from this study could contribute to the future implementation of programs aimed at assisting mentally ill offenders who are being released from confinement.
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Joseph, Jennifer. "Characteristics of recidivism among intensive and regular probationers." [Johnson City, Tenn. : East Tennessee State University], 2001. http://etd-submit.etsu.edu/etd/theses/available/etd-0228101-174319/unrestricted/Josephj.pdf.
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Trussler, Tanya. "Heterogeneity in patterns of recidivism among sexual offenders in the initial stages of criminal careers." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ49588.pdf.
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Mitsianis, Dr Louise. "Relationships Among Patterns of Criminal Thinking Styles and Recidivism in Non-violent Offenders on Probation." ScholarWorks, 2020. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7942.
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The 3-year rate of recidivism in the United States is around 43%, costing taxpayers millions of dollars every year. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between criminal thinking styles and self-reported recidivism, which included crimes committed that were not reported to authorities. According to Ellis' Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy theory, behavior is a direct result of cognitive activity. The research question asked what relationship existed between criminal thinking styles and recidivism for post-release non-violent offenders on probation. Using the Psychological Inventory of Criminal Thinking Styles, this study used a non-experimental survey approach, correlating scores from this measure with self-reported number of crimes from a sample of males and females ranging in age from18-65 years old (n = 9). Although responses to the recidivism question were obtained, the sample size was insufficient to show a significant relationship between these variables (rs = .45). This effect size suggests that further research could be carried out to determine if, with a larger sample size, a significant relationship might be found. It is important for the criminal justice system and forensic mental health services to gain a better understanding of the relationship between criminal thinking styles and recidivism. This study has revealed that self-report of crimes committed can be collected, enabling greater knowledge of offenders' maladaptive behaviors so that those working in the field to help those offenders to reenter society can do so more efficiently, therefore, reducing recidivism.
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Harshbarger, Jenni L. Dorr Darwin. "The impact of mental health dimensions on the prediction of juvenile reentry recidivism." Diss., Click here for available full-text of this dissertation, 2005. http://library.wichita.edu/digitallibrary/etd/2006/d05011.pdf.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Wichita State University, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Psychology."August 2005." Title from PDF title page (viewed on April 16, 2007). Thesis adviser: Darwin Dorr. Includes bibliographic references (leaves 56-63).
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Clarke, Diana R. "The Effect of Risk Factors on Recidivism Among Juveniles From the Perspectives of Juvenile Justice Professionals." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3981.
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Within the Florida Department of Juvenile Justice system, juvenile delinquency referrals have decreased, yet at the same time, juvenile recidivism rates continue to challenge policy makers. Using Hirschi's social learning theory as the foundation, the purpose of this descriptive phenomenological study was to examine the perceptions of juvenile justice professionals about their experiences with youthful offenders in order to determine the causes of juvenile recidivism. Data came from in-depth interviews with 9 participants including state attorneys, judges, and mental health counselors from within the central region of the state of Florida. Data were analyzed and coded using Colaizzi's method. Two primary themes emerged from the analysis of data: First, participants perceived that the influence of peers and factors such as environment, family criminal and mental health history, substance and abuse, truancy have a significant effect on juvenile recidivism. Second, participants perceived that parent bonding is the most important factor in reducing recidivism among juveniles aged 17 and 18 years old. The positive social change implications of this study include recommendations to the Florida Department of Juvenile Justice to implement, modify, and improve services and policy to reduce recidivism for juveniles aged 17 and 18 years old. This implementation, modification, and improvement may reduce recidivism among this subgroup of juvenile delinquents and may reduce the number of young adults entering the criminal justice system.
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Mosley, Larrica. "The Impact of Felony Criminal History on the Perceptions of Hiring Managers." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6930.
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Individuals with a criminal background face several barriers to securing employment, one of which is the reluctance of hiring managers to extend employment offers to them. African American ex-offenders are disproportionately affected by these barriers. The purpose of this study was to examine the attitudes of hiring managers in a metropolitan area in the Southern United States and to identify the factors that influence the hiring decisions of ex-offenders. A descriptive study design was used to explore whether type of criminal offense, length of crime, or race of offender affect a hiring manager's decision to hire an ex-felon. The disparate impact of discrimination theory served as the theoretical framework. Data were collected from a nonrandom, purposive sample of 376 current and former hiring managers and HR professionals who make hiring decisions. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Study findings revealed 53% of respondents said they would not hire a person with a felony conviction, which supports the claim that a person's criminal background does play a role in whether an employer extends an employment offer. The findings of this study may provide guidance to legislators in developing or amending hiring laws to better facilitate the reintegration of people with felony criminal backgrounds. Such action may engender positive social change through the reduction of criminal activity in urban areas, gains in the economy, improved public safety, more stable neighborhoods, and a decrease in the cost of housing offenders. Moreover, positive social change may occur when offenders do not recidivate because the state will not have to spend funds on incarceration.
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Folorunsho, Femi. "Race as a Predictor of Recidivism Risk: An Epidemiological Analysis." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7867.
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Prisoner recidivism is a problem of great social importance, as recidivism represents a failure of the rehabilitative goal of incarceration. The problem addressed in this study was the lack of accurate estimates of race as a predictor of recidivism risk in the United States, after taking demographics and criminal variables into account. Applying the life-course theory of recidivism, the purpose of this archival, epidemiological study was to calculate whether recidivism risk varied based on race, across different seriousness levels of commitment offense and number of prior arrests, among a sample of male federal prisoners released from custody. A Cox proportional hazards ratio was applied to determine both the statistical significance and the magnitude of being Black, rather than White, as a predictor of recidivism in six distinct scenarios. Analysis indicated that Black prisoners were more likely to recidivate in some instances, whereas White prisoners were more likely to recidivate in other instances. The results of the study can assist psychologists, parole boards, and other stakeholders in more accurately estimating the role of race in recidivism risk. The results of the study were that race is a significant risk factor in some kinds of recidivism, but not in others, and also that being African-American is not universally associated with higher recidivism risk. The results suggest that race might be a less prominent recidivism factor than previously thought.
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Schoeman, Marelize. "A classification system and an inter-disciplinary action plan for the prevention and management of recidivism." Thesis, Pretoria : [s.n.], 2002. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-05312004-141418.
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Atatah, Park Esewiata. "Analysis of Variance in Recidivism between Special Needs Offenders and Regular Offender Populations in Texas." ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1116.
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A Specialized or Super Intensive-1 (SI-1) supervision level refers to a contact requirement imposed on special needs offenders (SNOs) under Texas parole supervision. SI-1 supervision requires greater contact with parole officers and treatment providers than supervision levels used on regular offenders (ROs), yet little is known about whether SI-1 supervision offenders violate terms of their parole or commit new crimes at a different rate compared to the regular offender population in the State of Texas. Reconstruction theory and the social construction of reality were used as theoretical underpinnings of this study, which examined whether differences in offenders' supervision levels created statistically significant differences in technical or new law violations in Texas parole hearings. A random sample of 200 SNOs and ROs data were analyzed using a 2-way ANOVA. Results indicated a positive and statistically significant difference between level of supervision and technical violations, with SI-1 offenders committing a greater number of violations of non-criminal terms of parole, but with SI-1 offenders being less likely than the regular offender population to commit new crimes. These findings challenge the social construction that SI-1 offenders introduce a higher element of risk to the community regarding new criminal activity. The positive social change implications of the study include policy recommendations to the Texas legislature and Texas Department of Criminal Justice to refocus resources on improving outcomes related to technical parole violations, including a reduction in SNOs' contact standards, which in turn, promote fiscal responsibility and improvements in public safety for the people of the state of Texas.
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Thomas, Danisha Latrell. "Recidivism: An Analysis of Race, Locus of Control, and Resilience." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3417.
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Recidivism is a growing problem in the United States that has contributed to prison overcrowding. In the United States, this is especially true for minorities, who have the highest incarceration, conviction, and recidivism rates. The purpose of this mixed methods study was to explore the relationship between race, recidivism, locus of control, and resilience. For the quantitative component, the Connor-Davidson Resilience scale (CD-RISC) and the multidimensional locus of control scales were used to measure resiliency and locus of control differences among racial groups (N = 126) on parole at a Fort Worth, Texas parole office. For the qualitative component, in-depth interviews of participants (n = 12) provide a context for them to express the challenges they face that may contribute to recidivism. Data collected from both the CD-RISC, and the three multidimensional locus of control subscales were used in a MANOVA analysis to find differences and commonalities among racial groups. The findings showed there were no significant racial differences among resilience and locus of control scores. However, there were noticeable trends revealed from in the in-depth interviews regarding socioeconomic status, education, employment, and neighborhood. Future research should focus on a longitudinal examination of resilience and locus of control, and on how factors such as education, familial involvement, and employment may impact an individuals' success or failure while on parole. This study may bring social change by alerting policy makers to the challenges offenders face, thereby creating laws that help change how the criminal justice system addresses recidivism.
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Pealer, Jennifer A. "Correctional Rehabilitation and Therapeutic Communities: Reducing Recidivism Through Behavior Change (Routledge Innovations in Corrections)." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://www.amzn.com/B06XPJB48M.
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Drawing on original research on the effectiveness of a therapeutic community (TC) in reducing recidivism among juvenile male offenders, Correctional Rehabilitation and Therapeutic Communities: Reducing Recidivism Through Behavior Change provides a comprehensive review of the current state of drug treatment for the offending population, especially the link between juvenile offending and substance abuse. The book assesses the factors predicting successful completion of treatment as well as the methodological limitation of previous TC program reviews, and suggests policy implication and routes for future research.
Using improvements such as multiple outcome criteria, long-term follow-up, matching groups on risk and needs, and the employment of a standardized instrument to measure program quality, Correctional Rehabilitation assesses the degree to which participation in the TC affects antisocial attitudes and reduces delinquency. Readers will explore how TCs can be designed to influence adolescent drug offenders and ultimately reduce recidivism. This book is essential reading for students, researchers, practitioners, and other stakeholders focusing on the development of treatment programs.https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu_books/1145/thumbnail.jpg
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Beaudry-Cyr, Maude. "A Life-Course Approach to Sexual Offending: Examining the Continuity of Juvenile Sexual Offending into Adulthood and Subsequent Patterns of Recidivism." Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4803.
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Current sex offending legislation and public opinion present an image of sexual offenders as specialized predators who are likely to exhibit continued sexually deviant behavior over the life-course. Although sex offending continuity and post-release recidivism has been independently assessed in prior research, the potential link between sex offending continuity and post-release recidivism has yet to be investigated. Using data collected on random samples of sex offenders from a Northeastern state, the present study examines the predictability of sex offender continuity and its potential linkages with general and sex recidivism, as well as identifying distinguishable risk factors related to these outcomes.
Logistic regressions provided support for all but one of the four key hypotheses proposed. Specifically, results indicate a low rate of sex offending continuity among the sample, and the presence of identifiable risk factors that distinguish sex offenders who demonstrate continuity from those adult sex offenders who do not display sex offending continuity. Specifically, non-juvenile sex offending is the most notable of the numerous risk factors found to be associated with those displaying sex offending continuity from adolescence into adulthood. Analyses also reveal a significant association between sex offending continuity and sexual recidivism, but not general recidivism. Evidence of identifiable risks factors for both sex and general recidivism are reported. Policy implications, study limitations, and directions for future research are also presented.
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Hedstrom, Josefin. "The American and Swedish Criminal Justice System: A Comparative Study." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3397.
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Hosting 22 percent of the world’s prison population, the United States is the number one country in the world regarding incarceration rates where 1 in 109 adults are locked up behinds bars and about two-thirds of offenders will recidivate within three years of their release (Durose, Coope, & Snyder, 2014; Kaeble, Glaze, Tsoutis, & Minton, 2016; U.S. Census Bureau, 2015; Walmsley, 2013). Sweden has one of the lowest recidivism and incarceration rates in the world where only 29 percent reoffend and 1 in 2,278 of their total population is behind bars (Kriminalvården, 2017; The World Bank, 2016). The purpose of this study is to understand the underlying reasons to these differences by comparing the U.S. and Swedish criminal justice systems and to find possible solutions of improvement to diminish the incarceration, recidivism, and crime rates in the U.S. Specifically, the policing, court, and correctional systems will be further compared.
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Cosimo, S. Deborah Rodeheaver Daniel Gilbert. "The impact of legal sanctions on recidivism rates among male perpetrators of domestic violence." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2009. http://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc12106.
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Martins, Lisandra Moreira. "A reincidência criminal à luz do processo penal constitucional." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2016. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/19592.
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This doctoral thesis has the objective of examining recidivism in the context of constitutional criminal procedure. The latter has as primary purpose to protect the citizen based on guarantees and fundamental rights. Recidivism is an old principle in the Brazilian legal system, which has undergone minor changes throughout the history of the evolution of Criminal Law and Criminal Procedural Law. Besides acting as an aggravating circumstance to the penalty, it has negative consequences for the defendant in several stages of the criminal proceedings. In spite of having been claimed constitutional by the Supreme Court, there are many issues on recidivism and its application, which are, currently, automatic. Therefore, the analysis of this subject draws on the conception of a system devised by several scholars who point out the need to consider the whole in the first place and only then evaluate the isolated application of certain principles of law, and seek to change them. In this context, it is imperative to understand the criminal justice system and the foundation that should support it based on the Constitution of 1988. After the study of both the peculiarities of recidivism and doctrinal and jurisprudential discussions, this investigation questions the reason why it is kept applicable as well as its practical implications. Along this line, there is the problem of the prison system that reveals, according to some research, large numbers of recidivism with the manifestation of criminal selectivity and neutralization of criminals, implicit in the execution of the sentence. Finally, from the analysis of the Criminal Policy model adopted by the Democratic Rule of Law, the study will point out the need to change the recidivism principle in Brazil. This will directly reflect on the problem of prison overcrowding and the ineffectiveness of rehabilitation of the penalty. The final aim is to contribute with criminal proceedings so that they could be, in fact, an instrument that would perform a social function
A presente tese de doutoramento tem como objetivo o estudo da reincidência criminal, no contexto do processo penal constitucional. Este último tem como finalidade precípua proteger o cidadão, com respaldo nas garantias e direitos fundamentais. A reincidência criminal é um instituto antigo no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, que sofreu alterações mínimas no decorrer da história da evolução do direito penal e do direito processual penal. Além de funcionar como uma circunstância agravante da pena, apresenta reflexos negativos para o réu em diversas fases do processo. Apesar de ter sido declarada constitucional pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal, muitos são os questionamentos sobre a reincidência e sua forma de aplicação, que, atualmente, é automática. A análise do tema parte, portanto, da concepção de sistema trazida por diversos estudiosos, os quais apontam a necessidade de se olhar, primeiramente o todo para, somente depois, avaliar a aplicação isolada de determinados institutos do direito e pretender neles alguma alteração. Nesse contexto, imperioso compreender o sistema processual penal e a base que deveria sustentá-lo no panorama da Constituição Federal de 1988. Após o estudo das peculiaridades da reincidência, das discussões doutrinárias e jurisprudenciais, será possível questionar neste estudo a justificativa que a mantém aplicável e suas implicações práticas. Atrelado ao tema apresenta-se o problema do sistema penitenciário que revela, através de algumas pesquisas, números elevados de reincidência criminal, com a manifestação ainda da seletividade penal e da neutralização dos criminosos, implícitas na execução da pena. Por fim, a partir da análise do modelo de política criminal adotado pelo Estado Democrático de Direito, o estudo apontará a necessidade de alterar o instituto da reincidência criminal no Brasil, o que refletirá diretamente no problema da superlotação penitenciária e da ineficácia da ressocialização da pena, visando colaborar para que o processo penal seja de fato um instrumento que exerça uma função social
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Camelo, Ana Catarina Manso Oliveira. "Psicopatia como fator de risco de reincidência em menores institucionalizados." Bachelor's thesis, [s.n.], 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/4065.
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Projecto de Graduação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Licenciada em CriminologiaO presente projeto de graduação tem como objetivo fulcral a elaboração de uma investigação que pretende aprofundar conhecimentos relativos à relação entre a psicopatia e a reincidência criminal em jovens institucionalizados em centros educativos. Deste modo, divide-se em duas partes distintas, primeiramente possui uma revisão da literatura sobre o fenómeno da delinquência juvenil e as teorias explicativas em torno deste conceito, a resposta legal do respetivo fenómeno (Lei Tutelar Educativa) e simultaneamente ambiciona-se compreender quais os fatores preditivos da reincidência e o fenómeno da psicopatia. Numa segunda parte, encontra-se planificado um projeto de intervenção com o intuito de verificar se os menores institucionalizados apresentam características psicopatas que predisponham a adoção de comportamentos desviantes reincidentes, assim como os fatores a que estes estão expostos diariamente, quer em contexto exterior quer em contexto institucional. Os resultados obtidos após a conclusão deste estudo permitirão identificar as características individuais de cada jovem e a partir daí concluir quais os que apresentam uma maior probabilidade de reincidência no futuro. Uma vez que são escassos as investigações elaboradas neste âmbito, nomeadamente em Portugal, verifica-se uma necessidade de desenvolver mais estudos neste contexto.
This graduation project aims at developing a core research that aims to deepen knowledge about the relationship between psychopathy and criminal recidivism in youngsters institutionalized in educational centers. In this way, is divided into two distinct parts, first have a review of the literature on juvenile delinquency and explanatory theories around this concept, the legal response of the respective phenomenon ( Educational Guardianship Law ) and simultaneously aims to understand which factors predictive of recidivism and the phenomenon of psychopathy . In a second part, there is planned an intervention project in order to verify that minors institutionalized psychopaths have characteristics that predispose the adoption of deviant behavior repeat offenders, as well as factors that they are exposed to daily , either in context or in foreign institutional context . The results obtained after the completion of this study will identify the individual characteristics of each young person and from there to conclude which ones are more likely to recur in the future. Since there are few investigations prepared in this context, notably in Portugal, there is a need for further studies in this context.
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Ward, Elizabeth Anne. "Effects of Length of Time in Treatment and Criminal Classification Level on Recidivism Following Residential Treatment Programs for Drug Offenders." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32084.
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One aim of residential drug treatment programs for drug offenders released from prison is to reduce recidivism rates for these offenders. However, research on this topic has shown mixed results on the effectiveness of such programs, and all of the factors that influence whether an individual will recidivate are still unclear. This study explored the relationship between criminal classification levels of drug offenders and the length of time spent in residential treatment and the effects that this relationship had on drug offendersâ odds of recidivism. Data from case history records of drug-involved offenders in Florida from 1991 to 1997 were analyzed to determine whether the length of time in treatment reduced these offendersâ odds of recidivism, whether offenders convicted of a felony 1 level offense were more or less likely to recidivate compared to those convicted of a felony 2 or 3 level offense, and whether there was an interaction effect of length of time in treatment and criminal classification level on offendersâ odds of recidivism. Binary logistic regression analysis shows that the more time a drug offender spends in residential treatment, the higher the offenderâ s odds of recidivism; drug offenders convicted of a felony 1 level offense were less likely to recidivate than offenders convicted of a felony 2 or 3 level offense; and that there was no interaction effect of length of time spent in treatment and criminal classification level on drug offendersâ odds of recidivism.Master of Science
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Dahle, Klaus-Peter. "Psychologische Kriminalprognose : Wege einer integrativen Methodik für die Beurteilung der Rückfallwahrscheinlichkeit bei Strafgefangenen /." Herbolzheim : Centaurus-Verl, 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2669153&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
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Payne, Tamika L. "Domestic Violence Recidivism: Restorative Justice Intervention Programs for First-Time Domestic Violence Offenders." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3819.
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Domestic violence impacts millions of Americans annually and, in spite of the use of rehabilitative programs, recidivism in domestic violence continues to be more likely than in any other offense. To date, batterer intervention programs (BIPs) have not proven to be consistently impactful in reducing recidivism in cases of domestic violence. The purpose of this quasi-experimental, quantitative study was to examine differences in recidivism for first-time male domestic violence offenders who have participated in a BIP and a more recently developed alternative: victim-offender mediation (VOM). The theories of restorative justice and reintegrative shaming frame this study to determine if offenders take accountability for their actions and face the victim in mediation, there can be a reduction in recidivism. Archival data from records of first-time male, domestic violence offenders, between the ages of 18 and 30, who participated in either a VOM or BIP in a county in the Midwest were examined for recidivism 24-months postintervention, and analyzed with an ANCOVA analysis while controlling for age. The findings revealed no significant difference in recidivism for first-time male offenders 24-months post participation in a BIP or a VOM intervention while controlling for age F (1,109) =.081, p = .777. The findings provide support for the notion that restorative justice interventions may be an additional intervention used in cases of domestic violence deemed appropriate for the intervention. The findings from this study can add to the body of research examining interventions to address the high recidivism in cases of domestic violence, which impacts victims, offenders, and communities.
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Clarke, Fern H. "Black Male Probationers' Perceptions of Juvenile Probation Officers' Role in Reducing Recidivism." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4207.
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The high recidivism rate of Black male juvenile offenders is a problem in the United States that continues to be of great concern. Probation has gained popularity as being a means of addressing and reducing the high recidivism rates of juvenile offenders. However, there is a lack of research regarding Black male juvenile probationers' perceptions of their probation officers' role in reducing their recidivism. This study examined the following: a) the predictive relationships between Black male probationers' perceptions of their probation officers, their perceptions of the probation officers' job, and their recidivism within 3 years of being place on probation; and (b) Black male probationers' perceptions of their probation officers, their perceptions of the probation officers' job, and their ratings of the probation officer's effectiveness in deterring their recidivism. Ecological systems theory was used as the theoretical foundation for guiding this research. Results from a logistic regression analysis showed that Black male probationers' perceptions of their probation officers and the job of their probation officers did not predict their recidivism. The study has implications for social change because the results provide empirical evidence regarding Black male probationer's perceptions of their probation officers and recidivism. Human services professionals, leaders in the criminal justice field, and policy makers could use findings from the study to advocate for the need to develop training programs for probation officers that foster positive relationship building between probationers and probation officers. The positive relationships may subsequently bring social change by reducing recidivism among Black juvenile male offenders.
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Cross, Brittany. "Mental Health Courts Effectiveness in Reducing Recidivism and Improving Clinical Outcomes: A Meta-Analysis." Scholar Commons, 2011. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3052.
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Mental health courts have recently emerged with goals to reduce recidivism and improve clinical outcomes for people with serious mental illness in the criminal justice system. The present study is a review of mental health court literature assessing their effectiveness in reducing recidivism and improving clinical outcomes for participants using meta-analytic techniques. A total of 20 studies that included sufficient information to compute the standardized mean difference effect size, focused on adult populations, and were within the United States were included in the analysis. Only experimental and quasi-experimental research designs were obtained. Using Cohen's d (1988) guidelines, mental health courts were found to have a small effect on reducing recidivism (0.32, p<.05) and a nonsignificant effect for improving clinical outcomes for participants. Several moderator analyses were conducted and indicated that the nature of the control group (whether they were a treatment as usual or participants who "opted-out") was found to be significant between groups (Q=22.33, p<.001) as a possible moderating effect.
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Himes, Monica Lynn. "Veterans' Treatment Courts in Kentucky: Examining How Personal Characteristics and During-Program Occurrences Influence Program Completion and Criminal Recidivism." UKnowledge, 2019. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/csw_etds/24.
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Military veterans are disproportionately represented in United States (U.S.) jails and prisons, with nearly 10% of current inmates being veterans. Veterans’ criminal justice involvement is often precipitated by underlying mental health and substance abuse that are connected to their military service. Veterans’ treatment courts are the judicial response to a need for more coordinated provision of mental health and substance abuse services to veterans involved in the criminal justice system. Modeled after drug courts and mental health courts, veterans treatment courts are a judicial innovation that aim to honor the service of veterans by providing them an alternative to incarceration. There are currently 551 veterans’ treatment courts in 42 states throughout country, including five in Kentucky.
This exploratory descriptive study uses Andersen’s healthcare utilization model and a social control theoretical perspective as a framework to examine veterans’ treatment court outcomes from a sample of participants (N=58) in Kentucky. Univariate and bivariate analyses were used to provide a description of the sample and to examine relationships between personal characteristics and during-program occurrences and the outcomes of program completion and criminal recidivism. The findings of this study indicate that gender, sanctions, drug screens, and treatment sessions each have a significant association with program completion, and both age and housing status have a significant association with recidivism. Findings for each outcome variable are discussed, along with possible explanations, as well as limitations of the study, implications of this research for social work practice, and suggestions for future research.
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Valdez, Gomez Perla I. "Recidivism among Blended-Sentenced Juvenile Offenders: Analyzing the Effects of Maltreatment Severity." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2020. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1703440/.
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Each year over half a million children are victims of childhood maltreatment. While a plethora of interdisciplinary research has evaluated the detrimental outcomes of these experiences, few studies have analyzed the effects contextual components of child abuse and neglect can have on the life-course of maltreated youth. Juvenile delinquency has been identified as a prominent outcome of maltreatment, however, a lesser portion of the empirical literature has focused on outcomes among more serious justice-involved juveniles. This study analyzed the effects of childhood maltreatment severity on the recidivism outcomes of 853 blended-sentenced juveniles in a large southern state. Previous studies demonstrated worsened outcomes associated with more severe maltreatment, thus higher recidivism rates were expected for more severely maltreated juveniles. The results indicated only sexual abuse severity impacted recidivism rates, and the direction of the relationship was negative. Implications of the findings and directions for future research are discussed.
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Dadashazar, Nazak. "Offender Recidivism: A Quantitative Study of Motivational Risk Factors and Counseling." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3760.
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The prison system releases over 590,000 inmates annually, adding to the current 5 million ex-offenders on supervised release. The purpose of this study was to explore the problem of increasing recidivism by identifying ex-offenders' dynamic risk and criminogenic need factors using the Level of Service Inventory-Revised (LSI-R), coupled with or without mental health services during reentry in relation to recidivism. This quantitative, nonexperimental, cross-sectional study included data collected from a sample of 128 male recidivist and nonrecidivist federal ex-offenders currently on supervised release, who were recruited during probation office meetings within the South Texas region. Regression analysis yielded statistical significance for all 3 of the study's research questions (RQ). RQ1 was to determine whether a difference existed between the LSI-R scores of recidivist and nonrecidivist ex-offenders. RQ2 was to determine if there was a difference in the LSI-R scores of ex-offenders who have or have not attended mental health counseling during reentry. RQ3 was to determine whether there was a relationship between ex-offenders who have undergone counseling or not during reentry and recidivism. The analysis revealed a correlation between ex-offender's risk factors, counseling received, and recidivism. A recommendation from this study is to increase research and specialized training in forensic counseling in the counseling field, currently not required by the Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs (CACREP). Furthermore, the findings of this study could contribute to positive social change for the prison officials, reentry agencies, and forensic mental health professionals in identifying higher-risk factors to help combat recidivism.
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Besev, Per, and Mikael Gajecki. "Predicting offender recidivism among Swedish participants in the One-to-One CBT programme." Thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Psychology, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-28138.
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Priestley's One-to-One CBT programme is intended to reduce criminal recidivism. Data were collected from 1484 programme rounds in Sweden. 776 of these cases contained the data necessary for this study and were used in the analyses. The data included pre- and postprogramme test scores on areas addressed in the programme. The purpose of this study was to examine whether the tests or background data of participants have predictive properties for dropout and recidivism and whether test scores differ between sub-groups. To do this, t-tests and logistic regression analyses were performed. There were significant improvements on all scores post-programme. Only age predicted completion, with older participants being more likely to complete the program. Several variables were found to have predictive properties for recidivism. The most potent predictor for nonrecidivism was programme completion. The study finds a relation between some of the tests measuring psychological change, and recidivism. This partly supports the theory behind the programme.
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Bogdanoff, Michael Daniel, and Harvey Darnell Hamm. "Can recidivism be predicted among rapists and pedophiles during their first year of parole in the state of California?" CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2000. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1595.
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A multi-regression analysis was performed utilizing the variables, age, ethnicity, criminal background, and facets of treatment, but differentiated between the rapist and pedophile, examining the variance of recidivism.
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Nolan, Beverly Savoy. "Addressing School Failure and Recidivism Among 10-13-Year-Old Incarcerated Juveniles: A Case Study." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3190.
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Early involvement in delinquent behavior coupled with large academic deficiencies increase the chances of long-term offending over a lifetime. A 2012 Texas report on recidivism rates and types of judicial-related programs offered showed that 1-year reoffense rates for youth in secure placement rose slightly from 41.9% in 2007 to 43.3% in 2010. The primary purpose of this qualitative case study was to examine how a Texas-based juvenile probation department coordinated services to address the needs of incarcerated juveniles who are at risk of school failure and recidivism. Maslow's hierarchy of needs framework and Moffitt's developmental classification framework served as the conceptual framework for this study. This case study specifically examined the residential, education, and executive staff's perceptions on addressing school failure and recidivism and how division staff collaborates to provide educational services and behavioral modifications to youth between the ages of 10-13. Staff interviews provided personal perceptions of these collaborative services. The study triangulated data from interviews with three subsets (residential, education, and administration) of the juvenile department that included 4 juvenile administrators and 8 line staff members. Interview data were recorded, coded, and analyzed to identify common themes and perceptions. Identifying effective programs for delinquent youth who are chronic offenders is critical to their successful return to their home schools and can motivate a positive social change in behavior. My research findings indicated that when juvenile probation departments utilize effective collaboration of services with a holistic approach it can result in positive changes in behavior that decrease recidivism and school failure in delinquent youth.
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Buckmon, Linda. "Predictors of Recidivism for Offenders With Mental Illness and Substance Use Disorders." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/744.
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Mental illness and substance use disorders have been determined to be leading predictors for recidivism among criminal offenders in the United States who are released to community supervision. Women make up an increasing in percentage of this criminal justice population; however, few studies have explored the role that gender plays in determining men and women's recidivism. Offender's education, employment, and peer association have also been reported to be predictors increasing the likelihood of recidivism among criminal offenders. This study was designed to determine if gender, mental illness, substance use disorder, employment, education, and peer association predicted recidivism. Differential association theory and gender pathways theory provided the theoretical framework for this study for examining archival data obtained from the Court Services and Offender Supervision Agency AUTO Screener and Supervision Management Automated Record Tracking System. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that substance use disorder significantly predicted recidivism, while employment decreased the likelihood of recidivism. This study did not find a significant interaction between mental illness and substance use disorder or mental illness only. Additionally, neither gender, education, nor peer association were found to be associated with recidivism. This study promotes social change by highlighting the increasing need for services for offenders and identifying the complex factors that impact recidivism. The findings from this study will be helpful to criminal justice agencies for developing programs that address the need of SUD and employment for offenders to reduce the likelihood of recidivism and increase public safety.
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Cosimo, S. Deborah. "The Impact of Legal Sanctions on Recidivism Rates among Male Perpetrators of Domestic Violence." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2009. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc12106/.
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Using a Cox proportional hazards regression model, this dissertation explores three factors currently not addressed in the literature on men who batter women and who are court ordered to participate in a battering intervention program. These factors are the cumulative effects of civil and criminal legal sanctions (dose-response of sanctions) for domestic violence related offenses on recidivism, reduced opportunities to recidivate, and whether the number of legal sanctions imposed has an effect on how long a man maintains his non-recidivism status. Because one domestic violence case may involve multiple sanctions, this study uses the Legal Sanction Dose-Response Index to gauge the cumulative impact of civil and criminal sanctions upon recidivism of domestic violence. The Cox proportional hazards model indicates that the risk of recidivism is 45% lower for men who experienced two legal sanctions (typically arrest and probation) in response to the index case, relative to men who experienced one legal sanction (typically civil protective order). In other words, those with two legal sanctions are able to maintain their non-recidivism status longer relative to those with one sanction. Men with prior criminal court involvement for domestic violence related offenses are more likely to recidivate. Additionally, rather than incarceration reducing opportunities to recidivate, this study finds that incarceration for any offenses committed during the follow-up period is a predictor of recidivism of domestic violence related offenses. It is possible that, rather than incarceration reducing opportunities, recidivists are persistent and use whatever opportunities are available to them to commit domestic violence, despite legal sanctions.
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Stone, Karin Jewel. "An Evaluation of Recidivism Rates for Resolutions Northwest's Victim-Offender Mediation Program." PDXScholar, 2000. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2291.
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Victim-offender mediation, a component of restorative justice, has been a valuable tool for rehabilitating juvenile offenders since the late 1970s. Victim offender mediation brings crime victims and offenders together to reach agreements for restitution and community healing. Resolutions Northwest, a non-profit organization in Multnomah County, offers a victim-offender mediation program to juvenile offenders and their victims.
The purpose of this study was to analyze the recidivism rates for juvenile offenders who went through Resolutions Northwest's victim-offender mediation program as opposed to offenders who went through the traditional justice system. It was hypothesized that the participants in this program would have lower recidivism rates than the juvenile offenders who were not given this restorative justice option.
Records on juvenile offenders who successfully completed the victim-offender mediation program were collected from Resolutions Northwest. These records were then compared to a secondary data set. This secondary data was from the Tri-County Juvenile Information System database, supplied by the Multnomah County Department of Adult and Community Justice to Professor William Feyerherm as part of the Casey Foundation supported Juvenile Detention Alternative Initiative.
It was found that 41.6% of the Juvenile Detention Alternative Initiative group reoffended within one year of their original arrest. In comparison, only 20.3% of the Resolutions Northwest group reoffended within a year of their victim-offender mediation program completion. It was also investigated as to whether the juveniles in both groups reoffended a second, third or even fourth time within a one year period. The explorations into second, third and fourth reoffenses yielded similar results in that the juveniles from Resolutions Northwest had significantly lower recidivism rates than those from the Juvenile Detention Alternative Initiative group.