Journal articles: 'Criminal recidivism'

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Islam, Sunjida, and Antora Goswami. "A STUDY ON CRIMINAL AND SOCIOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR OF THE RECIDIVIST AND ITS REMEDIAL ACTIONS REGARDING THE CRIMINAL LAW OF BANGLADESH." International Journal of Legal Studies ( IJOLS ) 5, no. 1 (June 30, 2019): 429–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.3249.

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In Criminology, recidivism is one of the most fundamental concepts. Recidivism connotes to an individual’s relapse into criminal behavior, which was already punished or has been the object of intervention. Recidivism is a criminal act that resulted in re-arrest, reconvic-tion or returns into jail with or without a new sentence after the prisoner’s release. Recidi-vism is measured through chronic criminal behavior leading to numerous re-arrests and re-imprisonments. Studies have found that more than one-half of the imprisoned have been served sentences for committing previous offenses. And the main reasons behind this are the habitual criminal behavior of the criminal, to short time of imprisonment and inade-quate measures taken by the penal institutions. Now in Bangladesh, recidivism is the most critical challenge to counterterrorism. Though the number of recidivists grows in the pris-ons of Bangladesh because of the gaps in the country’s judicial system, it is very essential to address them with a long aspect. The aim of this study is to explain the causes of the criminal behavior of the recidivist and suggest some recommendations for reducing recidi-vism from Bangladesh.

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Bader, Shannon M., Robert Welsh, and Mario J. Scalora. "Recidivism Among Female Child Molesters." Violence and Victims 25, no. 3 (June 2010): 349–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.25.3.349.

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During recent years, research about female sexual offender recidivism rates using official criminal justice records has increased. Although informative, rearrest or conviction rates may be insufficient for this population. This study examines two potential outcome measures for accurately studying recidivism among 57 female sexual offenders; a criminal recidivism measure based on formal legal charges and a reported recidivism measure based on child welfare reports. Based on the criminal recidivism outcome measure, 10 (17.5%) women were charged for a subsequent sexual crime. The broader reported recidivism measure identified six additional women with subsequent contact with police or child welfare agencies for sexually inappropriate behaviors. There were no significant differences found between the 41 nonrecidivists and the 16 recidivists. The implications of these findings are discussed.

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Boritch, Helen. "The Criminal Class Revisited." Social Science History 29, no. 1 (2005): 137–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200013274.

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Much of the renewed interest in the history of crime and punishment over the past two decades has centered on various aspects of the nineteenth-century notion of a criminal class. Although recidivism was widely regarded as the defining feature of the criminal class, little of this research has focused on systematic investigations of either differences between recidivists and the rest of the prison population or the nature and extent of recidivism-related differences in sentence outcomes. This article examines these two issues using data on offenders committed to Middlesex County Jail, Ontario, from 1871 to 1920. The results show that while recidivists differed from first-time committals to prison in terms of a number of sociodemographic and case-related characteristics, they bore little resemblance to contemporary stereotypes about the criminal class. In addition, the findings reveal both similarities and noteworthy differences with respect to the factors associated with harsher sentencing outcomes for recidivists and nonrecidivists.

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Ahmed, Aminu Musa, and Abd Halim B. Ahmad. "Social ostracism as a determinant of criminal recidivism in metropolitan Kano-Nigeria: a partial least square analysis." Journal of Criminological Research, Policy and Practice 1, no. 3 (September 21, 2015): 175–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcrpp-04-2015-0010.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examining and analyzing the predictors of criminal recidivism among the ex-prisoners in metropolitan Kano-Nigeria using social ostracism as a predictor. However, the study utilizes two main dimensions of social ostracism; being ignored and being excluded in analyzing criminal recidivism. Design/methodology/approach – This study is quantitative in nature. Data were collected using survey method. Purposive sampling method was used and the population of the study were the ex-prisoners who are released after their prison terms. A total of 256 sample size was utilized and data were analyzed using Partial Lease Squares – Structural Equation Modeling. Findings – The findings revealed that, there is significant positive relationship between ignoring and exclusion of ex-prisoners in relation to criminal recidivism ( < 0.001***). The model used in the study shows that being ignored is having small effects, whereas being excluded is having medium effects (f2 0.121, 0.203), with predictive relevance (Q2 0.1884). Practical implications – Going by the study findings it was concluded that social ostracism of ex-prisoners in metropolitan Kano is having positive effects toward criminal recidivism. It is recommended that policy should be made to reduce the exclusion of ex-prisoners so as to reduce their chances of becoming criminal recidivists. Originality/value – Though many predictors were used in analyzing recidivism, this study used social ostracism which is not previously used as a sole predictor of criminal recidivism.

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Cuervo, Keren, and Lidón Villanueva. "Prediction of Recidivism With the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (Reduced Version) in a Sample of Young Spanish Offenders." International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 62, no. 11 (November 14, 2017): 3562–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x17741250.

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Intervention in youth recidivism is critical in helping prevent young people from continuing their criminal career into adulthood, on a life-course-persistent trajectory. Andrews and Bonta attempt to provide an explanation of risk and protective factors using a conversion of the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (YLS/CMI), which predicts recidivism. In this study, scores have been obtained from 382 adolescents ( M age = 16.33 years) from the juvenile court, to check the ability of a reduced version of the YLS/CMI, to predict recidivism. The outcome variables for recidivism were examined in the 2-year follow-up period, after their first assessment in the court. The risk factors showed good levels of recidivism prediction. Recidivists obtained significant higher mean total risk scores than nonrecidivists in the reduced ( M = 6.54, SD = 2.44; M = 3.66, SD = 2.85), with areas under the curve (AUCs) ranging from .601 to .857. The factors that emerged as the most discriminative were education/employment, criminal friends, and personality. All the protective factors differentiated between recidivists and nonrecidivists. The results, therefore, showed that this reduced version would be capable of predicting youth recidivism in a reliable way.

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Sechko, A. V. "Psychological conditions for the prevention of recidivism." Современная зарубежная психология 9, no. 1 (2020): 85–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/jmfp.2020090109.

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The article analyzes the results of a study of recidivism conducted in England, Denmark, Canada, Nigeria, Portugal, New Zealand, the USA, and Scotland. Objective and subjective determinants have been identified that make it possible to predict with a high degree of probability the subsequent criminal prosecution violation, its time parameters. The psychological portrait of the recidivist is described, stress factors of delinquent behavior are revealed. The driving forces of decriminalization of former criminals are revealed. This is an intensive probationary period under the auspices of mentors who are able to build trusting relationships with parole through consistent, non-judgmental actions with the simultaneous possibility of playing the role of guardians of young people in difficult social and criminal settings in solving their economic problems.

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Cale, Jesse, and Patrick Lussier. "Merging Developmental and Criminal Career Perspectives." Sexual Abuse 24, no. 2 (July 25, 2011): 107–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1079063211403503.

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Currently, a majority of actuarial risk-assessment tools for sexual recidivism contain static risk factors that measure various aspects of the offender’s prior criminal history in adulthood. The goal of the current study was to assess the utility of extending static risk factors, by using developmental and criminal career parameters of offending, in the actuarial assessment of risk of violent/sexual recidivism. The current study was based on a sample of 204 convicted sexual aggressors of women incarcerated in the province of Quebec, Canada between April 1994 and June 2000. Semistructured interviews were used to gather information on the offender’s antisocial history prior to adulthood, and police records were used to collect data on the criminal career of these offenders in adulthood. For an average follow-up period of approximately 4 years, the violent/sexual recidivism rate for the sample was 23.7%. The results provided support for the inclusion of both developmental and criminal career indicators for the prediction of violent/sexual recidivism. More specifically, recidivists were characterized by an early onset antisocial trajectory and a pattern of escalation of antisocial behavior between childhood and adolescence. The findings suggest that risk assessors should look beyond broad adult criminal history data to include aspects of antisocial development to improve predictive accuracy.

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Almond, Louise, Michelle McManus, David Brian, and Daniel Peter Merrington. "Exploration of the risk factors contained within the UK’s existing domestic abuse risk assessment tool (DASH): do these risk factors have individual predictive validity regarding recidivism?" Journal of Aggression, Conflict and Peace Research 9, no. 1 (January 9, 2017): 58–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jacpr-01-2016-0211.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore risk factors contained in the existing UK domestic abuse (DA) risk assessment tool: domestic abuse, stalking and harassment and honour-based violence (DASH) for individual predictive validity of DA recidivism using data from Devon and Cornwall Constabulary. Design/methodology/approach In total, 1,441 DA perpetrators were monitored over a 12-month period, and 270 (18.7 per cent) went on to commit a further DA offence. The individual risk factors which were associated and predictive of increased risk of recidivism were identified. Findings Only four of the individual risk factors were significantly associated with an increased risk of DA recidivism: “criminal history”, “problems with alcohol”, “separation” and “frightened”. Therefore, 21 of the risk factor items analysed could not discriminate between non-recidivist and recidivist perpetrators. Only two risk factors were able to significantly predict the recidivist group when compared to the non-recidivist group. These were identified as “criminal history” and “separated”. Of those who did commit a further DA offence in the following 12 months, 133 were violent and 137 were non-violent. The risk factors associated with these types of recidivism are identified. Practical implications The implications for UK police practice and the DASH risk assessment tool are discussed. By identifying key individual factors that can prioritise those individuals likely to recidivate and the severity of that recidivism, this could assist police decision making regarding the response and further prevention of DA incidents. The validation of association between individual factors and DA recidivism should improve the accuracy of risk levels. Originality/value This is the first large-scale validation of the individual risk factors contained within the UK’s DA risk assessment tool. It should be noted that the validity of the DASH tool itself was not examined within the current study.

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Pechorro, Pedro, Michael C. Seto, James V. Ray, Isabel Alberto, and Mário R. Simões. "A Prospective Study on Self-Reported Psychopathy and Criminal Recidivism Among Incarcerated Male Juvenile Offenders." International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 63, no. 14 (May 26, 2019): 2383–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x19849569.

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The present study examines the utility of three self-report measures of psychopathic traits in predicting recidivism among a sample of incarcerated male juvenile offenders. Participants ( N = 214, M = 16.40 years, SD = 1.29 years) from seven Portuguese juvenile detention centers were followed and prospectively classified as recidivists versus non-recidivists. Area under the curve (AUC) analysis revealed that the Antisocial Process Screening Device–Self-Report (APSD-SR) presented the best performance in terms of predicting general recidivism, with the Youth Psychopathic Traits Inventory (YPI) and the Childhood and Adolescent Taxon Scale–Self-Report (CATS-SR) presenting much poorer results. However, logistic regression models controlling for past frequency of crimes and age of first incarceration found that none of these self-report measures significantly predicted 1- or 3-year recidivism, whether general or violent. Findings suggest there are limitations in terms of the incremental utility of self-report measures of psychopathic traits in predicting recidivism among juveniles.

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Hairi, Prianter Jaya. "Konsep dan Pembaruan Residivisme dalam Hukum Pidana di Indonesia (Concept and Reform of Recidivism in Criminal Law in Indonesia)." Negara Hukum: Membangun Hukum untuk Keadilan dan Kesejahteraan 9, no. 2 (January 2, 2019): 199–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.22212/jnh.v9i2.1048.

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The legal arrangement of additional penalty for repetition of crime (recidivism) as stipulated in Indonesian Criminal Code has been considered quite complicated to be executed. The draft of the New Indonesian Penal Code Bill brings changes to the concept of recidivism. This study intends to examine the concept of recidivism in the doctrine, in its current arrangement, in the draft of the New Indonesian Penal Code Bill, and to examine the implications of the concepts’ changing for criminal law enforcement in general. In the discussion it is known that the existing Criminal Code, applied the concept of special recidivism with the intermediate system, that will be transformed into a system of "Algemene Recidive" or a general recidive, which means that it would no longer differentiates the type of crime or group of repeated offenses. The draft of the New Indonesian Penal Code Bill stipulates that the period of time a person is charged due to a recidive is an additional "5 (five) years" after undergoing all or part of the principal punishment imposed or after the principal criminal sentence has been abolished, or when the crime was committed, the previous sentences has not been expired (still serving a criminal sentence). Some of the implications of these changes are to include a relatively simpler concept of recidivism in the draft Criminal Code compare to what is currently regulated in the Criminal Code. Therefore, this concept will make it easier for law enforcers to implement recidivism. Implementation of the concept of recidivism should be followed by changes in criminal procedural instruments (RUU KUHAP) and other regulations related to technical procedures in each law enforcement agency. Changes in the recidivist system also need to be followed by efforts to reform the penitentiary system, so that the level of recidivism would not increased.AbstrakPengaturan hukum mengenai pemberatan hukuman karena pengulangan tindak pidana (residivisme) yang terdapat dalam Kitab Undang-undang Hukum Pidana (KUHP) selama ini dipandang cukup rumit untuk diterapkan. RUU Hukum Pidana membawa perubahan terhadap konsep residivisme. Artikel ini bermaksud untuk mengkaji bagaimana konsep residivisme dalam doktrin, dalam pengaturannya saat ini, dalam draft RUU Hukum Pidana, serta mengkaji implikasi perubahan konsep tersebut bagi penegakan hukum pidana secara umum. Dalam pembahasan diketahui bahwa KUHP yang selama ini berlaku, menerapkan sistem residivis khusus dengan sistem antara, akan diubah menjadi sistem “Algemene Recidive” atau recidive umum, yang artinya sudah tidak lagi membedakan jenis tindak pidana atau kelompok jenis tindak pidana yang diulangi. RUU Hukum Pidana diantaranya mengatur bahwa jangka waktu seseorang dikenakan pemberatan akibat recidive ialah “5 (lima) tahun” setelah menjalani seluruh atau sebagian pidana pokok yang dijatuhkan atau pidana pokok yang dijatuhkan telah dihapuskan, atau pada waktu melakukan Tindak Pidana, kewajiban menjalani pidana pokok yang dijatuhkan terdahulu belum kedaluwarsa (masih menjalani pidana). Beberapa implikasi dari perubahan tersebut antara lain bahwa konsep recidivis dalam draf RUU Hukum Pidana relatif lebih simpel dibandingkan dengan yang diatur dalam KUHP yang berlaku saat ini. Oleh sebab itu konsep tersebut akan lebih memudahkan penegak hukum dalam penerapannya. Penerapan konsep residivis perlu diikuti dengan perubahan instrumen hukum acara pidana (RUU KUHAP) serta peraturan lain terkait prosedur teknis di masing-masing lembaga penegak hukum. Perubahan sistem residivis juga perlu diikuti dengan upaya pembenahan terhadap sistem pembinaan lembaga pemasyarakatan, agar tingkat residivisme tidak semakin tinggi.

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Munyo, Ignacio, and Martín A. Rossi. "First-day criminal recidivism." Journal of Public Economics 124 (April 2015): 81–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2014.12.002.

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Ahmed, Aminu Musa. "Social Discrimination as a Predictor of Criminal Recidivism: A Study of Ex-Prisoners in Metropolitan Kano-Nigeria." Journal of Social and Development Sciences 6, no. 3 (September 30, 2015): 58–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jsds.v6i3.853.

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Social discrimination is one of the major challenges faced by the ex-prisoners when returning to their society which could have an adverse effect on criminal recidivism. The objective of this study is to examine the effects of social discrimination on criminal recidivism among ex-prisoners in metropolitan Kano using two dimensions (racial and criminal record discrimination). Data was collected using survey questionnaire and it was analysed using Partial Least Squares model (PLS). The finding of the study shows that both racial discrimination and criminal record discrimination of ex-prisoners are having significant effects towards criminal recidivism and they accounted for 42.5% R2. Moreover, criminal record discrimination was found to have larger effect than racial discrimination. It is concluded that, social discrimination of ex-prisoners is a predictor of criminal recidivism and criminal record type of discrimination is having more effect toward recidivism.

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Yuzhanin, Vyacheslav E., and Inga V. Pantyukhina. "CRIMINAL RECORD AND RECIDIVISM OF CRIMES." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Pravo, no. 37 (2020): 117–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/22253513/37/10.

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The scientists have different approaches to the institution of criminal record within the system of criminal liability. Some consider it to be part of criminal liability; others argue that it is its consequence. The second opinion is more correct. The criminal record represents the consequences of criminal liability but not the criminal liability itself. Criminal liability cannot be exercised after serving the sentence since it does not go beyond punitive restrictions when serving a sentence. The conviction exists only after serving the sentence. Being the institution of criminal law, it gives rise to establishing for a person who has served a sentence general legal restrictions that are not provided for in the norms of criminal law and cannot be punitive. Their direct purpose is to prevent new crimes, ensure the safety of citizens and society and perform the function of ensuring public safety. In the criminal legal sense, the state of criminal record implies only the threat of a possible increase in criminal liability but does not include it. The designation of the status of the person is different: during the time of serving the sen-tence he is a convict, and after serving – a person having a criminal record. The criminal record is accompanied by recidivism of crimes. It is associated with the commission of a new crime by a person during the term, which depends on the category of the crime. Therefore, the re-offending while serving a sentence does not refer to the recidivism of crimes, it constitutes an independent form of multiple crimes - the totality of sentences. There is an interesting approach to criminal records in foreign legislations. In some coun-tries, the institution of additional punishments is used instead of it that entails the narrowing of the legal status of the person with a criminal record that is reinstated only by the court. In others, the criminal record after serving the sentence is established for life. It is not subject to the cancellation without further notice but can be expunged by the court if the person does not commit new crimes within the legal period. There are also different approaches to recog-nizing crimes as recidivism. In many countries, unlike Russian legislation, it is not connected with the term of a criminal record and is reduced to the re-recurrence of crimes within a certain period after serving the sentence. In some countries, in case of repeated crimes of a certain category (e.g. against state security), committed after serving the sentence, the person is rec-ognized as a recidivist, while other crimes form recidivism if they are committed within 5 years after serving a prison sentence. Some of these provisions should also be used in Russian law. The Russian legislators should establish a procedure for expunging the criminal record concerning two categories of persons: those who committed socially significant dangerous crimes and have committed crimes in dangerous and particularly dangerous recidivism of crimes that cannot be corrected while serving their sentences in prison. It is also appropriate to re-store the period of interruption of the criminal record in the event of a new intentional crime.

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Fine, Adam, Michael T. Baglivio, Elizabeth Cauffman, Kevin T. Wolff, and Alex R. Piquero. "Does the Effect of Self-Regulation on Adolescent Recidivism Vary by Youths’ Attitudes?" Criminal Justice and Behavior 45, no. 2 (November 20, 2017): 214–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854817739046.

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Youth with poor self-regulation or criminal attitudes are at risk for recidivism. Researchers have yet to examine how self-regulation and criminal attitudes intermix to influence recidivism. The present study employed a large sample of 26,947 youth in the Florida Juvenile Justice System to examine the effect of criminal attitudes on the association between self-regulation and recidivism over a 1-year period. The results indicated that the influence of self-regulation on recidivism varied based on youths’ attitudes. Although self-regulation affected recidivism among youth with average (d y/d x = –.03, SE = .01, p < .001) and less criminal (d y/d x = –.05, SE = .01, p < .001) attitudes, self-regulation was not associated with recidivism among youth with more criminal attitudes (d y/d x = –.01, SE = .01, p = .150). These findings demonstrate mechanisms that may promote sustained justice system involvement and identify key levers for reducing youth recidivism.

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Hanson, R. Karl. "Will They Do It Again?" Current Directions in Psychological Science 9, no. 3 (June 2000): 106–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8721.00071.

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This article reviews the empirical research on the prediction of reoffending among sexual offenders. The major predictors of sexual-offense recidivism are factors related to sexual deviance (e.g., deviant sexual preferences, previous sex crimes) and, to a lesser extent, criminal lifestyle (e.g., antisocial personality disorder, total number of prior offenses). The factors that predict general recidivism among sex offenders are the same as the factors that predict general recidivism among nonsexual criminals (e.g., juvenile delinquency, prior violent offenses). Given that there are special predictors of sexual recidivism, evaluators should consider separately the risk for sexual and non-sexual recidivism.

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Medjedovic, Janko, Daliborka Kujacic, and Goran Knezevic. "Personality-related determinants of criminal recidivism." Psihologija 45, no. 3 (2012): 277–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/psi1203277m.

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The goal of this study was to explore personality-related determinants of recidivism, with recidivism being defined as a) the number of lawful sentences a person had (criminal legal recidivism), and b) the number of prison sentences pronounced (penal recidivism). The study was carried out in two independent samples: a) convicts from the Correctional Institution of Belgrade - Penitentiary of Padinska Skela (N=113), and b) convicts from the Special Prison Hospital in Belgrade (N =112). The variables of the Five-Factor Model of Personality (Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness and Conscientiousness) were measured, together with two additional basic personality traits: Disintegration (a broad dimension of psychosis-proneness), and Amorality (three factors representing a disposition to amoral forms of behavior). In addition, psychopathy (Manipulative and Antisocial tendencies) - a psychological entity expected to most successfully predict criminal recidivism - was measured as well. The efficiency of prediction of the two criteria of recidivism was assessed separately in each of those two samples. The results revealed differences in the orchestration of predictors depending on the kind of recidivism as the criterion and the severity of offense. The most important predictors of both forms of recidivism in the sample of convicts with lower intensity of criminal behavior were psychopathic traits. However, in the sample of convicts with higher intensity and variety of criminal behavior, the most important predictors of the number of sentences were Antisociality and Amorality Induced by Frustration, while the most important predictors of the number of prison sanctions were Amorality Induced by Brutality and Disintegration.

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Folk, Johanna B., Jeffrey B. Stuewig, Brandy L. Blasko, Michael Caudy, Andres G. Martinez, Stephanie Maass, Faye S. Taxman, and June P. Tangney. "Do Demographic Factors Moderate How Well Criminal Thinking Predicts Recidivism?" International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 62, no. 7 (February 1, 2017): 2045–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x17694405.

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Is the relationship between criminal thinking and recidivism the same for criminal justice–involved individuals from varying demographic backgrounds? Relying on two independent samples of offenders and two measures of criminal thinking, the current studies examined whether four demographic factors—gender, race, age, and education—moderated the relationship between criminal thinking and recidivism. Study 1 consisted of 226 drug-involved probationers enrolled in a randomized clinical trial. Study 2 consisted of 346 jail inmates from a longitudinal study. Logistic regression models suggested that the strength of the relationship between criminal thinking and subsequent recidivism did not vary based on participant demographics, regardless of justice system setting or measure of criminal thinking. Criminal thinking predicts recidivism similarly for people who are male, female, Black, White, older, younger, and more or less educated.

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Mannerfelt, Caroline, and Anders Håkansson. "Substance Use, Criminal Recidivism, and Mortality in Criminal Justice Clients: A Comparison between Men and Women." Journal of Addiction 2018 (2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1689637.

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Background. This study aimed to map differences between male and female offenders with substance abuse, with respect to descriptive characteristics and risk factors for mortality and criminal recidivism. Methods. Criminal justice clients with substance abuse problems (n=7085) were interviewed with the Addiction Severity Index. Mortality and data on return to criminal justice were retrieved from national registers. Results. Female offenders reported heavier substance use patterns, more psychiatric symptoms, and more often a partner with substance abuse, but had lower mortality (2% versus 4%) and criminal recidivism (62% versus 71%) during follow-up. Having a substance-abusing partner was associated with criminal recidivism among females. Conclusions. Female offenders with substance abuse differ from their male counterparts. Males and females had different risk factors for criminal recidivism.

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Liem, Marieke, Margaret A. Zahn, and Lisa Tichavsky. "Criminal Recidivism Among Homicide Offenders." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 29, no. 14 (January 16, 2014): 2630–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260513517302.

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Lamberti, J. Steven, Viki Katsetos, David B. Jacobowitz, and Robert L. Weisman. "Psychosis, Mania and Criminal Recidivism." Harvard Review of Psychiatry 28, no. 3 (2020): 179–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/hrp.0000000000000251.

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POGARSKY, GREG. "CRIMINAL RECORDS, EMPLOYMENT, & RECIDIVISM." Criminology Public Policy 5, no. 3 (August 2006): 479–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9133.2006.00393.x.

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Serin, Ralph C. "Violent recidivism in criminal psychopaths." Law and Human Behavior 20, no. 2 (April 1996): 207–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01499355.

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Urbaniok, Frank, Jérôme Endrass, Astrid Rossegger, Thomas Noll, William T. Gallo, and Jules Angst. "The prediction of criminal recidivism." European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience 257, no. 3 (September 14, 2006): 129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00406-006-0678-y.

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Yukhnenko, Denis, Shivpriya Sridhar, and Seena Fazel. "A systematic review of criminal recidivism rates worldwide: 3-year update." Wellcome Open Research 4 (February 11, 2019): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.14970.1.

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Background: Comparing recidivism rates between countries may provide useful information about the relative effectiveness of different criminal justice policies. A previous 2015 review identified criminal recidivism data for 18 countries and found little consistency in outcome definitions and time periods. We aimed to update recidivism rates in prisoners internationally. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of criminal recidivism rates in prisoners and followed PRISMA guidelines. Using three bibliographic indexes, we carried out non-country-specific and targeted searches for 50 countries with the largest total prison populations. We included reports and studies of released prisoners that reported re-arrest, reconviction and reincarceration rates. Meta-analysis was not possible due to multiple sources of heterogeneity. Results: We identified criminal recidivism information for 23 countries. Of the 50 countries with the largest prison populations, 10 reported recidivism rates for prisoners. The most commonly reported outcome was the 2-year reconviction rate. We were able to examine recidivism over different time periods for 11 countries and found that most reported small changes in official recidivism rates. Overall, for 2-year follow-up period, reported re-arrest rates were between 26% and 60%, reconviction rates ranged from 20% to 63%, and reimprisonment rates varied from 14 to 45%. Conclusions: Although some countries made efforts to improve reporting, recidivism rates are not comparable between countries. Criminal justice agencies should consider using reporting guidelines described here to update their data.

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Yukhnenko, Denis, Shivpriya Sridhar, and Seena Fazel. "A systematic review of criminal recidivism rates worldwide: 3-year update." Wellcome Open Research 4 (November 13, 2019): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.14970.2.

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Background: Comparing recidivism rates between countries may provide useful information about the relative effectiveness of different criminal justice policies. A previous 2015 review identified criminal recidivism data for 18 countries and found little consistency in outcome definitions and time periods. We aimed to update recidivism rates in prisoners internationally. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of criminal recidivism rates in prisoners and followed PRISMA guidelines. Using five bibliographic indexes, we carried out non-country-specific and targeted searches for 50 countries with the largest total prison populations. We included reports and studies of released prisoners that reported re-arrest, reconviction and reincarceration rates. Meta-analysis was not possible due to multiple sources of heterogeneity. Results: We identified criminal recidivism information for 23 countries. Of the 50 countries with the largest prison populations, 10 reported recidivism rates for prisoners. The most commonly reported outcome was the 2-year reconviction rate. We were able to examine reconviction between different time periods for 11 countries and found that most reported small changes in official recidivism rates. Overall, for 2-year follow-up period, reported re-arrest rates were between 26% and 60%, reconviction rates ranged from 20% to 63%, and reimprisonment rates varied from 14 to 45%. Conclusions: Although some countries have made efforts to improve reporting, recidivism rates are not comparable between countries. Criminal justice agencies should consider using reporting guidelines described here to update their data.

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Yukhnenko, Denis, Shivpriya Sridhar, and Seena Fazel. "A systematic review of criminal recidivism rates worldwide: 3-year update." Wellcome Open Research 4 (November 3, 2020): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.14970.3.

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Background: Comparing recidivism rates between countries may provide useful information about the relative effectiveness of different criminal justice policies. A previous 2015 review identified criminal recidivism data for 18 countries and found little consistency in outcome definitions and time periods. We aimed to update recidivism rates in prisoners internationally. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of criminal recidivism rates in prisoners and followed PRISMA guidelines. Using five bibliographic indexes, we carried out non-country-specific and targeted searches for 50 countries with the largest total prison populations. We included reports and studies of released prisoners that reported re-arrest, reconviction and reincarceration rates. Meta-analysis was not possible due to multiple sources of heterogeneity. Results: We identified criminal recidivism information for 23 countries. Of the 50 countries with the largest prison populations, 10 reported recidivism rates for prisoners. The most commonly reported outcome was the 2-year reconviction rate. We were able to examine reconviction between different time periods for 11 countries and found that most reported small changes in official recidivism rates. Overall, for 2-year follow-up period, reported re-arrest rates were between 26% and 60%, reconviction rates ranged from 20% to 63%, and reimprisonment rates varied from 14 to 45%. Conclusions: Although some countries have made efforts to improve reporting, recidivism rates are not comparable between countries. Criminal justice agencies should consider using reporting guidelines described here to update their data.

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Seto, Michael C., Yanick Charette, Tonia L. Nicholls, and Anne G. Crocker. "Individual, Service, and Neighborhood Predictors of Aggression Among Persons With Mental Disorders." Criminal Justice and Behavior 45, no. 7 (April 5, 2018): 929–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854818765047.

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We examined the predictive validity of individual, service, and neighborhood factors for aggression by 1,491 forensic clients found Not Criminally Responsible on account of Mental Disorder (NCRMD), under the jurisdiction of a Review Board, and thus subject to supervision conditions. Younger patient age and personality disorder diagnosis were associated with both clinically documented aggression and recidivism. Medication adherence was related to clinically documented aggression, but not criminal recidivism. Number of reports from an institution (possibly reflecting assessor or institutional experience with NCRMD assessments) did not predict clinically documented aggression, but more comprehensive risk reports were associated with fewer such clinical incidents. More community mental health resources within a 45-min drive of an individual’s residence were associated with less recidivism, but not less clinically documented aggression. We conclude that extra-individual factors are related to aggression, the neighborhood to which forensic clients return matters, and effects can differ for criminal recidivism versus clinically documented aggression.

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Ahmed, Aminu Musa. "Prison, Stigma, Discrimination and Personality as Predictors of Criminal Recidivism: Preliminary Findings." Journal of Social and Development Sciences 6, no. 2 (June 30, 2015): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jsds.v6i2.838.

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Criminal recidivism as a contemporary and global phenomenon has been explained and analysed from different perspectives. The aim of this study is to determine the predictors of criminal recidivism using four main constructs as predictors: prison; stigma; discrimination; and personality among the ex-prisoners in metropolitan Kano-Nigeria. Data was gathered using qualitative method (indepth interviews) from the ex-prisoners and analysed using narrative analysis method. The results from the qualitative analysis revealed that prison, stigma and discrimination were found to have effects on criminal recidivism as the respondents revealed base on their experiences and it is also revealed that such predictors if experienced can give a room for further reoffending whereas personality as predictor was found not have much impact on recidivism among the ex-prisoners in metropolitan Kano-Nigeria. Thus, it was concluded that three (prison, stigma and discrimination) out of the four constructs used can predicts and determine criminal recidivism among the ex-prisoners in metropolitan Kano-Nigeria.

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McNeeley, Susan. "Ecological Context, Criminal Propensity, and Recidivism." Criminal Justice Review 43, no. 4 (May 22, 2018): 494–511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734016818776725.

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This study examines whether the relationship between individual-level risk and recidivism varies according to ecological context, measured at the census tract level. It is hypothesized that high-risk offenders—as measured by Minnesota Screening Tool Assessing Recidivism Risk (MnSTARR) 2.0 and Level of Service Inventory–Revised (LSI-R)—will have elevated risk of recidivism when living in disadvantaged neighborhoods and lower risk of recidivism when living in affluent neighborhoods. These hypotheses are tested with hierarchical logistic models predicting rearrest and revocation for a technical violation among a sample of approximately 3,000 offenders released from Minnesota state prisons in 2009. Rearrest was positively related to neighborhood disadvantage and negatively related to neighborhood affluence, while revocation was positively related to neighborhood urbanism. Further, neighborhood disadvantage moderated the association between LSI-R and rearrest; however, this interaction was not in the hypothesized direction. The results contradict prior literature examining similar relationships at the county level.

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Marshall, Ethan A., Holly A. Miller, and Leah Grubb. "Examining the Utility of the LSI-R in a Sample of Women who have Sexually Offended." Criminal Justice and Behavior 49, no. 3 (October 31, 2021): 311–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00938548211054031.

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The ability to identify factors predictive of recidivism among individuals who have offended is integral to properly targeting supervision and treatment focus. Instruments such as the Level of Service Inventory–Revised (LSI-R) show promise with general justice-involved females, but no study to our knowledge has assessed it with women who have sexually offended. The purpose of this study is to examine the utility of the LSI-R in a sample of 243 women from the State of Texas who have sexually offended. Results indicate that the total score was significantly related to criminal recidivism (Harrell’s C = .67) and any recidivism (Harrell’s C = .65). Analyses of the subscales indicated that criminal history and alcohol/drug subscales were significantly related to all forms of recidivism, while the education/employment and financial scales were significantly related to criminal recidivism and any recidivism. These results provide insight into risk assessment and treatment for women who have sexually offended.

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Demleitner, Nora V. "The U.S. Sentencing Commission’s Recidivism Studies." Federal Sentencing Reporter 33, no. 1-2 (October 2020): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/fsr.2020.33.1-2.11.

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Recidivism is now the guiding principle of punishment and has become the new hallmark of criminal justice reform, as reflected in the U.S. Sentencing Commission’s recidivism project. So far, the Commission has issued three reports in 2020 alone, which outline the parameters within which “safe” criminal justice reform can proceed. Yet the overly broad definition of “recidivism” and the focus on easily measurable and static risk factors, such as prior criminal record, create a feedback loop. The Commission’s work should come with a warning label. Its recidivism studies should not be consumed on their own. Instead, they must be read in conjunction with U.S. Probation and Pretrial Services recidivism research, which includes data on the impact of programming, treatment, and services on reentry success. Yet, concerns about undercounting recidivism events drive the entire U.S. approach. Western European studies reflect different philosophies and values that explain some of the underlying reasons for the dramatically different imprisonment rates on the two sides of the Atlantic. These recidivism studies raise also questions about the Commission’s role. Its ongoing preference for imprisonment indicates that it continues to consider itself the guardian of incarceration-driven guidelines. The studies reenforce the status quo and the Commission’s role in it. They threaten to propel us into data-driven selective incapacitation and continuously long prison terms for those with prior criminal records, all in the name of public safety.

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Kingston, Drew A., and Mark E. Olver. "Psychometric Examination of Treatment Change Among Mentally Disordered Offenders: A Risk–Needs Analysis." Criminal Justice and Behavior 45, no. 2 (December 9, 2017): 153–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854817743539.

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The present study examined the association of psychiatric symptomatology, criminal attitudes, and treatment changes within these domains to violent and general recidivism in a sample of 614 mentally disordered offenders. Significant pre–post changes were found on multiple measures of criminal attitudes, symptomatology, and readiness for change. Antisocial Intentions and Attitudes Toward Associates (from the Measure of Criminal Attitudes and Associates [MCAA]) predicted general recidivism and covaried with the Big Four criminogenic need domains on the Level of Service Inventory–Ontario Revision; none of the remaining psychometric measures significantly predicted violent or general recidivism. Although pre–post changes were seldom linked to changes in recidivism, positive changes in Antisocial Intentions (MCAA) significantly predicted reductions in general recidivism via Cox regression survival analysis, controlling for baseline risk and pretreatment attitudes score. Risk and need implications of psychometric assessments of treatment change in mentally disordered offender populations are discussed.

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Fries, Diana, Astrid Rossegger, Jérôme Endrass, and Jay P. Singh. "The prediction of criminal recidivism using routinely available file information." International Journal of Psychological Research 6, no. 2 (December 30, 2013): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21500/20112084.671.

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Objective. The aim of the present study was to cross-validate the investigation of Buchanan and Leese (2006) into the prediction of criminal recidivism. Method. The sample comprised offenders in the criminal justice system of the Canton of Zürich – Switzerland, who were discharged to the community. Participants were followed, and evidence of subsequent charges and convictions for both general and serious recidivism was investigated at fixed periods of 2.5, 6.5, and 10.5 years. The predictive validity of socio-demographic, criminal history, and legal class information was assessed using logistic regression as well as log-likelihood, receiver operating characteristic curve, and contingency analyses. Results. A multivariable model including age and criminal history information was found to produce the highest rates of predictive validity for general and serious recidivism. Conclusion. Information regularly accessible in forensic practice may be able to guide clinicians as to the recidivism risk level of their patients.

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Ozturk, Burcu, Andrew Bell, David McLeod, and Ryan Gentzler. "Criminal Justice Diversion and the Importance of Program Retention." JoFSW 6, no. 1 (March 25, 2022): 43–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.15763/issn.1936-9298.2022.6.1.43-56.

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The United States has among the highest recidivism rates globally, with at least 1 in 4 rearrested within the same year of their initial charge. Many of these individuals are significantly impacted by poverty, mental illness, and substance use disorders. Recidivism reduction has become a significant focus of criminal justice reform and is gaining attention nationwide. Current scholarly literature suggests evidence-based reentry policies and programs can improve individual-level outcomes. This paper introduces the concept of diversion programming and measures how one diversion program impacted recidivism rates in a mid-sized metropolitan area of the US. Researchers examined one year's worth of data from 757 individuals released from the local county jail (January 2021 - December 2021) and calculated the average one-year recidivism rate comparing that of program participants to those of the larger community. Findings revealed that only 3.70% of those who completed this specific diversion program were rearrested within a year after their completion date. In comparison, members of the local community, who were not part of the program, were rearrested at a rate of 28.4%. Moreover, when clients were not retained in the program, recidivism rates were significantly higher at 31.22%. The authors suggest justice navigation-based diversion programs can effectively reduce recidivism if, and when, those programs ensure retention. This study can be a resource for future researchers, stakeholders, policymakers, and practitioners to support diversionary programming to reduce recidivism.

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Hill, Andreas, Niels Habermann, Dietrich Klusmann, Wolfgang Berner, and Peer Briken. "Criminal Recidivism in Sexual Homicide Perpetrators." International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 52, no. 1 (July 5, 2007): 5–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x07307450.

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Palocsay, Susan W., Ping Wang, and Robert G. Brookshire. "Predicting criminal recidivism using neural networks." Socio-Economic Planning Sciences 34, no. 4 (December 2000): 271–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0038-0121(00)00003-3.

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Wang, Xia, Carter Hay, Natalie Erin Todak, and William Bales. "Criminal Propensity, Social Context, and Recidivism." Criminal Justice and Behavior 41, no. 3 (November 26, 2013): 300–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854813507055.

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Yang, Crystal S. "Local labor markets and criminal recidivism." Journal of Public Economics 147 (March 2017): 16–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2016.12.003.

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French, Alfred P., and Daniel G. Amen. "CRIMINAL RECIDIVISM AS A NEUROBEHAVIORAL SYNDROME." Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 38, no. 9 (September 1999): 1070–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004583-199909000-00006.

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HEILBRUN, KIRK, WILLIAM BROCK, DENNIS WAITE, AYONDA LANIER, MARTIN SCHMID, GRETCHEN WITTE, MICHELLE KEENEY, MELISSA WESTENDORF, LUIS BUINAVERT, and MICHAEL SHUMATE. "Risk Factors for Juvenile Criminal Recidivism." Criminal Justice and Behavior 27, no. 3 (June 2000): 275–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854800027003001.

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41

Rhodes, William. "Predicting criminal recidivism: A research note." Journal of Experimental Criminology 7, no. 1 (September 1, 2010): 57–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11292-010-9112-6.

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Banse, Rainer, Judith Koppehele-Gossel, Lisa M. Kistemaker, Verena A. Werner, and Alexander F. Schmidt. "Pro-criminal attitudes, intervention, and recidivism." Aggression and Violent Behavior 18, no. 6 (November 2013): 673–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2013.07.024.

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Bieber, Stephen L., Richard A. Pasewark, Katherine Bosten, and Henry J. Steadman. "Predicting criminal recidivism of insanity acquittees." International Journal of Law and Psychiatry 11, no. 1 (January 1988): 105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0160-2527(88)90024-6.

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Filippova, Olga V. "CRIMINOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF RECIDIVISM." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Pravo, no. 38 (2020): 87–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/22253513/38/9.

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Recidivism is an indicator of the imperfection of the system of punishments, the practice of their execution, as well as the stability of anti-social attitudes of those who commit crimes. The purpose of this study is to conduct a criminological analysis of recidivism in the Russian Federation (to determine the level, structure and dynamics) in the period from 2006 to 2018 and on this basis to establish trends in its development. Criminological characteristic of recidivism includes quantitative and qualitative analysis of the totality of crimes committed by persons who have previously committed crimes, after the application of criminal law measures to them for previous crimes, as well as the totality of these persons themselves. The study led to conclusions about an increase in both the absolute and relative indices of recidivism: the number of crimes committed by persons who had previously committed offences increased by 18.4 per cent in the period under study, and the recidivism rate increased by 15.3 per cent. The recidivism rate doubled from 13.9% in 2006 to 31.6% in 2018. There has been an increase in the number of persons who had previously committed crimes, while the criminal activity of persons who were exempted from criminal liability for previously committed crimes on non-rehabilitation grounds has also increased among the detected offenders.Minor offences accounted for the largest proportion of recidivism: 54.8 per cent. Offences of medium gravity accounted for 26.2 per cent, serious offences for 15 per cent and especially serious offences for 4 per cent. Recidivism was mainly represented by crimes against property: their share was 42.7%; crimes against persons 16.6%, and against public health 11.9%. The highest proportion of those previously convicted of robbery was observed (52.1%). High recidivism rate was also observed among drug offenders - 28-30%, and, as a rule, it was special recidivism, i.e. recidi-vism by those who had previously committed homogeneous (identical) crimes. Criminal record statistics during the reviewed period showed a decrease in the absolute number of convicts, while at the same time an increase in the proportion of those with an unexpunged and unexpunged criminal record. In 2018, the number of convicts with an unexpunged and unexpunged criminal record at the time of the offence was 231583, or 35.2% of all convicts Among those convicted, the proportion of those who have been sentenced to imprison-ment for the third time or more has increased. Whereas in 2007 their share was 20.2%, in 2018 it was 36.1%. - At the same time, the share of first-time offenders decreased from 53.7% to 45.8%.

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Griger, Jozef, and Krzysztof Jasiński. "Recydywa penologiczna w Republice Słowackiej i krajach europejskich." Nowa Kodyfikacja Prawa Karnego 58 (March 3, 2021): 169–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/2084-5065.58.11.

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The authors are focused on the grasping the importance of correct recidivism as a background for adopting systemic measures in the criminal policy of the state. It also raises issues of deﬁning and estimating penitentiary recidivism, which is understood diﬀerently depending on the country, legal system and social and criminal conditions.

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Gibbs, Benjamin R., Robert Lytle, and William Wakefield. "Outcome Effects on Recidivism Among Drug Court Participants." Criminal Justice and Behavior 46, no. 1 (September 27, 2018): 115–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854818800528.

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Drug courts were established to reduce recidivism rates for substance-involved offenders who traditionally would have been sentenced to conventional probation supervision. Past research has reported success in this area, but much of the success is limited to those who graduate the program. Scholars have yet to examine the impact case outcomes and criminal sentencing have on post-participation reoffending. Yet, literature exists outside the area of drug courts, suggesting criminal sentencing, such as incarceration, may have a negative effect on offender recidivism. The current study addresses this gap in the drug court recidivism literature by examining the impact four outcomes of drug court participation (i.e., case dismissal, probation, jail, and prison) have on participant reoffending. We analyzed case outcome records of 824 drug court participants using propensity score analysis to isolate the effect criminal sentencing has on recidivism. Findings, potential policy implications, and directions for future research are discussed.

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Kendler, K. S., S. L. Lönn, J. Sundquist, and K. Sundquist. "The role of marriage in criminal recidivism: a longitudinal and co-relative analysis." Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences 26, no. 6 (January 18, 2017): 655–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2045796016000640.

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Aims.Marriage is associated with a reduced rate of criminal recidivism, but the underlying mechanisms have only partly been elucidated. We seek to clarify the nature of the association between marriage and recidivism and how that relationship may be moderated as a function of gender, deviance of spouse, a history of violence and familial risk.Method.We utilise a longitudinal cohort design consisting of Swedish men (n = 239 328) and women (n = 72 280), born between 1958 and 1986, who were convicted of at least one crime before age 20 and were not married prior to age 20. The analyses used Cox regression with marriage as a time-dependent covariate. We also perform co-relative analyses in sibling and first cousin pairs.Results.Marriage after a first crime substantially reduces risk of recidivism in both males (hazard ratio (HR) with key covariates and 95% confidence intervals 0.55, 0.53–0.57) and females (HR = 0.38, 0.34–0.42), although the effect is stronger in females. Marriage to a deviant spouse increases recidivism rates in males. In males, a history of violent criminality and high familial risk, respectively, decrease and increase sensitivity to the protective effect of marriage on recidivism. Consistent with a causal effect of marriage on recidivism, marriage was associated with a decline in risk for criminal relapse comparable with that in the population in both male–male sibling pairs (raw HR = 0.53, 0.45–0.62) and cousin pairs (HR = 0.55, 0.47, 0.65) concordant for prior convictions.Conclusions.The protective effect of marriage on risk for criminal recidivism is likely largely causal and is of importance in both males and females. Those at high familial risk for criminal behaviour are more sensitive to the protective effects of marriage.

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Lamberti, J. Steven. "Preventing Criminal Recidivism Through Mental Health and Criminal Justice Collaboration." Psychiatric Services 67, no. 11 (November 2016): 1206–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.201500384.

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Roeger, L. S. "The Effectiveness of Criminal Justice Sanctions for Aboriginal Offenders*." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology 27, no. 3 (December 1994): 264–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000486589402700304.

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This paper compares the recidivism rates of Aboriginal offenders sentenced to imprisonment with those placed on community based orders. This research was prompted by recommendations made by the Royal Commission into Aboriginal Deaths in Custody which called for an understanding of the effectiveness of non-custodial orders for Aboriginal offenders. The sample was comprised of male Aboriginal offenders placed on either probation or community service or released from custody after serving between 1 month and 2 years imprisonment. Overall 43% of the sample were sentenced to imprisonment during the follow-up period which was for 3½ years. Factors found to be associated with recidivism (defined as sentenced to imprisonment) were age, number of prior convictions, previous imprisonment, possession of a juvenile record and education level. After controlling for these factors using multivariate statistical procedures, no differences were found between the recidivism rates of those imprisoned and those placed on community based sanctions. The relationship between recidivism rates and diversion from custody is discussed.

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Filippova, Olga V. "On the State of Recidivist Crime in the Far Eastern Federal District." Ugolovnaya yustitsiya, no. 17 (2021): 110–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/23088451/17/22.

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The Far Eastern Federal District is one of the most disadvantaged regions of Russia with a high level of recidivism. In 2019, the proportion of crimes committed by persons who had previously committed crimes among those investigated was 64.7%. Recidivism rate per 100 thousand people reached 660.5, which is 1.6 times higher than the national average. More than half of all recurrent crimes detected in the Far Eastern Federal District are in Primorsky, Zabaikalsky, Khabarovsk Krais. Zabaikalsky Krai, the Republic of Buryatia, Magadan and Amur Oblasts are leading in terms of the recidivism rate. In the structure of recidivism, in addition to embezzlement, drug crimes and criminal violations of traffic rules occupy a noticeable place (Art., 264, Art. 264.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation).

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Journal articles on the topic 'Criminal recidivism'

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