Journal articles: 'Criminologie – France'

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Mucchielli, Laurent. "Vers une criminologie d'État en France ?" Politix 89, no. 1 (2010): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/pox.089.0195.

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Mucchielli, Laurent. "L’impossible constitution d’une discipline criminologique en France." Criminologie 37, no. 1 (2004): 13–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/008716ar.

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Résumé En France, la criminologie n’a jamais été une discipline autonome. Elle n’existe institutionnellement qu’en tant qu’annexe du droit pénal. En réalité, elle se situe au carrefour de trois pôles universitaires qui sont autant de pratiques professionnelles : la médecine, le droit et les sciences sociales. On propose ici, pour le comprendre, de faire un détour historique depuis la fin du xixe siècle. C’est à la « Belle époque » que se joue la première partie. Elle met aux prises des médecins (qui parlent d’« anthropologie criminelle »), des juristes et des sociologues. Elle ne débouche sur aucun consensus et aucune construction disciplinaire. L’entre-deux-guerres voit ensuite s’affirmer la criminologie des juristes et des médecins qui raffermissent leurs liens institutionnels classiques (la médecine légale et la psychiatrie légale), tandis que s’introduit la psychanalyse. De son côté, la sociologie du crime disparaît et il faut attendre les années 1950 pour qu’elle se reconstruise. Dans les années 1950-1970, un contexte intellectuel et politique général permet des rapprochements inédits à l’échelle historique, malgré des conflits persistants entre les approches cliniques et les approches sociologiques. Puis les conflits s’estompent, les idéologies qui produisaient une culture commune reculent et chacun se replie sur ses logiques professionnelles. En un sens, la criminologie existe moins que jamais comme discipline. Les recherches empiriques sur le crime connaissent pourtant une croissance continue dans les sciences sociales, du fait toutefois de financements institutionnels ponctuels qui posent des problèmes de politique scientifique discutés en conclusion.

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Larregue, Julien. "Criminologie made in USA. Les enseignements du débat états-unien pour la France." Revue de science criminelle et de droit pénal comparé N° 3, no. 3 (2016): 639. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rsc.1603.0639.

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Mucchielli, Laurent. "Criminologie, hygiénisme et eugénisme en France (1870-1914) : débats médicaux sur l'élimination des criminels réputés « incorrigibles »." Revue d'Histoire des Sciences Humaines 3, no. 2 (2000): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rhsh.003.0057.

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Catheline, N. "Harcèlement en milieu scolaire : un échec de la dynamique de groupe ?" European Psychiatry 29, S3 (2014): 605–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2014.09.212.

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Phénomène longtemps ignoré par les adultes qui ne le considéraient que sous l’angle sociétal (« ça a toujours existé », « il faut bien apprendre à se défendre », « ce sont des histoires de gosses »), le harcèlement fait désormais l’objet d’études psychologiques et pédopsychiatriques après avoir longtemps été dans le champ de la sociologie et de la criminologie. La France accuse un retard de plus de 20 ans dans la prise en compte de ce phénomène et dans la mise en œuvre d’une politique d’intervention et de prévention à la suite d’études longitudinales qui ont bien mis en lumière la gravité des conséquences psychologiques, souvent la vie durant. Ainsi être harcelé dans l’enfance multiplie par 4 le risque de faire une TS à l’adolescence et de développer une dépression à l’âge adulte. Mais surtout ces enquêtes ont permis de prendre conscience que les risques psychosociaux concernent à la fois harceleurs et harcelés, ainsi que les spectateurs. En France, 2 campagnes ministérielles en 2011 et 2013 ont mis au devant de la scène ce phénomène qui concerne environ 10 % des élèves en âge d’obligation scolaire. Les phénomènes de harcèlement sont inhérents à tout groupe social et les mouvements qui les suscitent sont d’autant plus forts que les individus du groupe se sentent vulnérables, ce qui est le cas pour les enfants et adolescents. Harceleurs et harcelés partagent de nombreux points communs et ont parfois été amis par le passé. Considérer le harcèlement comme un échec de la dynamique de groupe permet de trouver des pistes d’intervention auprès des adultes d’abord et des jeunes ensuite. Cette approche permet également de travailler sur le vivre ensemble et la tolérance de la différence de l’autre, ce qui constitue un réel challenge pour l’école dont la mission de socialisation disparaît actuellement derrière sa mission de formation dans une période de crise de l’emploi où le diplôme reste la valeur-refuge.

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Hamilton, Claire, and Giulia Berlusconi. "Contagion, counterterrorism and criminology: The Case of France." Criminology & Criminal Justice 18, no. 5 (2018): 568–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1748895817751829.

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In the burgeoning criminological literature on security, risk and preventive justice which has followed the 9/11 attacks on the Twin Towers, ‘contagion’ or the deleterious effect of counterterrorist policies on the ordinary criminal law has been the subject of some discussion, mostly in the context of the threat which such ‘exceptional’ policies pose to mainstream procedural values. This article seeks to build on this literature through an examination of the impact of post 9/11 counterterrorism law and policy on the ordinary criminal justice system in France. Given the extent to which counterterrorist law now encroaches on various aspects of French criminal law, the argument is made for greater criminological attention to be paid to the ‘trickle-down’ effect of extraordinary law on the ordinary business of the criminal justice system.

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Ruggiero, Kristin. "The Devil and Modernity in Late Nineteenth-Century Buenos Aires." Americas 59, no. 2 (2002): 221–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tam.2002.0119.

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In the late nineteenth century, the move away from classical criminology toward positivist criminology brought with it new categories of crime and new definitions of the criminal. A great deal of scholarship has focused on positivism's new approach, which grew out of research in Europe, especially in France and Italy, and later took hold in Argentina and other Latin American countries. It might be supposed that as a state's judicial and penal authorities and doctors of forensic medicine were becoming more professionalized and positivist at this time, and as state and society were becoming more secularized and urbanized, such a traditional figure as the devil would have disappeared from criminal court cases.

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Mucchielli, Laurent. "Sociology of Deviance and Criminology in France: History and Controversies." American Sociologist 48, no. 3-4 (2017): 276–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12108-017-9340-6.

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Walter, E., E. Albuisson, and P. Horrach. "Un point sur la question de la dangerosité des expertises psychiatriques pénales des adolescents mineurs AICS." European Psychiatry 30, S2 (2015): S145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2015.09.289.

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L’évaluation de la récidive et de la dangerosité est un sujet d’actualité en France, aussi bien sur le plan médiatique que médical et juridique. Le cadre législatif français impose que lors d’une procédure pénale, tout suspect d’une agression sexuelle, même mineur, doit être expertisé. L’expert reste libre de la méthode expertale utilisée tant qu’il respecte le Code de procédure pénale et le Code de déontologie médicale. L’expert psychiatre qui devait initialement répondre à la notion de l’irresponsabilité pénale, a vu ses missions s’étendre à l’évaluation de la dangerosité aussi bien psychiatrique que criminologique, intégrant l’évaluation du risque de récidive (générale, sexuelle et de violence). Mais cette évolution des missions expertales vers le champ criminologique est contestée par certains experts français car ils estiment qu’elle sort du champ de leurs compétences professionnelles. En France, ce questionnement semble d’autant plus important lorsque les expertises concernent des mineurs car elles doivent aussi respecter le cadre imposé par l’Ordonnance du 12 février 1945 (dont une révision est attendue pour 2017), privilégiant toujours l’éducatif sur le répressif. L’objectif de ce travail est de rechercher si les experts utilisent des facteurs de risques criminologiques validés par la littérature internationale et adaptés aux mineurs pour répondre à la mission de l’évaluation de la dangerosité dans le cadre des demandes d’expertises psychiatriques pénales. Il n’est pas étudié ici la qualité de cette évaluation.Etude rétrospective réalisée à partir de rapports d’expertise obtenus auprès d’experts par contact mail de l’ensemble des psychiatres et pédopsychiatres inscrits sur les listes officielles des Cours d’appel de France pour l’année 2014. Tests utilisés : Chi2 et KAPPA.Résultats présentés sous forme de tableau.

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Kazemian, Lila. "Conducting Prison Research in a Foreign Setting." International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy 4, no. 1 (2015): 113–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.v4i1.199.

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This paper discusses the process of conducting prison research in France. Drawing on a study conducted with a sample of prisoners in a maximum-security facility in Paris, this article outlines the major challenges relating to access, data collection, and dissemination of results in correctional research. It also addresses some of the barriers that are inherent to prison research conducted in a setting foreign to the researcher. The value and place of prison research in the field of criminology are also discussed.

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Renneville, Marc. "L’anthropologie du criminel en France." Criminologie 27, no. 2 (2005): 185–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/017360ar.

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This article examines the birth and growth of criminal anthropology in France. French physicians and anthropologists took an interest in criminals and theorized their behaviors before the famous Italian positivist school. French theorizing in this area developped in the early beginnning of the XIXth century with the concept of Esquirol's "monomanie homicide" and phrenology, the later gaining wide acceptance under the July Monarchy. Paul Rroca, leader of anthropology in France, was interested incidentally in the pathology of crime but it is Lombroso's Uomo delin-quente, which through the reactions it provoked, led to the development of this type of studies in France. In opposition to Lombroso, the forensic physician Lacassagne created in Lyon in 1885 a review of criminal anthropology which will continue to appear until 1915. His school of "Milieu social", took a very different viewpoint from Durkheimian sociology. In fact, Lacassagne wasn't so far from Lombroso than he said, and his approach was also in a medical frame. Morel's theory of degeneration deserves mention for the importance it gained at the end of the century with Magnan, a psychiatrist who "regenerated" the concept of "monomanie homicide" in an "impulsion morbide". This presentation of the most important trends of criminal anthropology in France distinguishes two uses of the terms "criminal anthropology" and "criminology" in the past and today. An attempt is also made to unterstand how the medicalization of deviance was possible and it's historical conditions of emergence.

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García, Jordi, and Santiago Cambero Rivero. "La Escuela de Chicago tiene género: la criminóloga Frances Alice Kellor (1873 – 1952)." Almenara. Revista extremeña de Ciencias Sociales 13 (July 16, 2021): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.17398/1889-6286.13.51.

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El presente trabajo pretende visibilizar la carrera profesional de Frances Alice Kellor, abogada y criminóloga, que desarrolló parte de su labor investigadora en la Escuela de Chicago, donde abordó investigaciones sobre la inmigración, las prisiones o la delincuencia femenina a principios del siglo XX. Frances Kellor realizó numerosas contribuciones sociológicas y criminológicas de gran interés científico, y desarrolló una brillante carrera pública en defensa de los derechos de las personas inmigrantes y de las mujeres. Este artículo de investigación analiza su vida, obras y carrera académica y profesional, que desafortunadamente ha sido invisibilizada, al igual que otras figuras femeninas contemporáneas. Al mismo tiempo, este artículo pretende iniciar una reflexión sobre la ausencia en los manuales de Criminología de tantas mujeres que contribuyeron al desarrollo de esta disciplina a lo largo de la historia.

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Raufer, Xavier. "Confinement et émeutes (ou agitation), mars-mai 2020, en France métropolitaine : une analyse criminologique." Sécurité globale N°23, no. 3 (2020): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/secug.203.0027.

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Beirne, Piers. "Raw, roast or half-baked? Hogarth’s beef in Calais Gate." Theoretical Criminology 22, no. 3 (2018): 426–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362480618787174.

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Scholars of human–animal studies, literary criticism and art history have paid considerable attention of late to how the visual representation of nonhuman animals has often and sometimes to great effect been used in the imagining of national identity. It is from the scrutinies of these several disciplines that the broad backcloth of this article is woven. Its focus is the neglected coupling of patriotism and carnism, instantiated here by its deployment in William Hogarth’s painting Calais Gate (1749). A pro-animal reading is offered of the English artist’s exhortation that it is in the nature of ‘true-born Britons’ to consume a daily dish of roast beef served with lashings of francophobia and anti-popery. The article suggests that alert contemporary viewers of Calais Gate would nevertheless have noticed that Hogarth’s painterly triumphalism ironically rekindles the repressed memory of English military defeat and territorial loss. Because the political and religious borders between England and France were so easily defaced and refaced, the accompanying air of uncertainty over national identity would also have infiltrated the perceived authenticity of English roast beef. The article draws on animal rights theory, on nonspeciesist green criminology and on green visual criminology in order to oppose the historical dominance of human interests over those of other animal species in discourses of abuse, cruelty and harm.

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Böes, Guilherme Michelotto, and Augusto Jobim do Amaral. "Criminologia midiática e a campanha “Crack, nem pensar”: refletindo sobre a falta de pensamento." Revista da Faculdade de Direito UFPR 64, no. 1 (2019): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/rfdufpr.v64i1.62382.

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Qualquer abordagem criminológica que pretenda refletir sobre a mídia deve ter, entre as suas preocupações centrais, os processos que capitalizam tais meios mediante as imagens que propagam na elaboração das suas construções sociais. Neste aspecto, talvez o campo da política criminal de drogas seja um dos mais privilegiados, em especial desde a análise da montagem das figuras associadas aos usuários de certas drogas tornadas ilícitas, bem como em relação aos mecanismos de controle seletivo que neles recaem. Para tanto, nesta linha, buscamos compreender a campanha chamada “Crack, nem pensar”, veiculada pelo Grupo RBS em 2009, como representante da enorme força simbólica e do impacto que tais plataformas podem trazer diante das demandas proibicionistas. Apresentando os desdobramentos desta dinâmica publicitária, constatam-se os efeitos de exclusão social e demonização de determinados grupos sociais dispostos como alvos da peça, numa franca cruzada moral de guerra às drogas, a despeito dos estudos científicos mais apurados sobre a falência de tal política.

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Colin, Patrick. "Approche historique et sociologique du milieu carcéral en France: Comment comprendre les difficultés d’ouverture de la politique pénitentiaire française (1789-1945)." Análise Psicológica 20, no. 3 (2012): 297–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.14417/ap.315.

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L’approche historique et sociologique du milieu carcéral en France depuis le début du XIXéme siècle nous permet de mieux comprendre les difficultés d’ouverture de la politique pénitentiaire française à la fin du XXéme siécle. Pendant toute la première moitié du XIXéme siécle, la société des prisions prépare une pénitentiaire. On croit à l’emprisonnement cellulaire et à l’amendement des criminels par le travail. De 1850 à1945 nous assistons à une orientation répressive de la politique pénitentiaire.Les réformes pénitentiaires proposées par la société des prisons ne sont pas appliquées: absence de reconstruction de nouvelles prisons, échec du «tout cellulaire», omniprésence des employeurs. Le consensus de la majorité des criminologues français autour des approches biologiques lombrosiennes ou lacassagnienne favorise la pratique de la colonisation pénale: le criminel est irrécupérable. Il faut attendre 1945 pour que l’amendement et le reclassement soit de nouveau placé au centre de la politique pénitentiaire française.

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Robert, Philippe, and Claude Faugeron. "Représentations du système de justice criminelle." Acta Criminologica 6, no. 1 (2006): 13–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/017025ar.

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Abstract IMAGE OF THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM TYPOLOGY STUDY The present crisis in criminal justice — in France as in many other countries — shows two remarkable characteristics. On the one hand, the crisis is universal and is one that concerns the function assigned or credited to this system of criminal justice in society ; this places the system's image in some doubt in various sectors of society. On the other hand, this crisis defies all attempts at partial reform. Many schools of criminal policy have tried them in vain. Criminology has begun to rediscover that the science of crime and of the criminal — the progression from concept to commission of the act — also involves the reaction of society to the criminal phenomenon. But only too often, this progression is regarded as a poorly specified interaction, quite commonplace, or as a breakdown in simple technology. Only an integrated scientific approach — inclusive of the concept of the social image — can say something new and decisive in such a situation. This study belongs to one of the many research projects which the scientific programme of the S.E.P.C. is organizing, that devoted to the image of criminal justice in society. A questionnaire was distributed to a sample population in France, limited in size, but sufficient to validate the anticipated analysis (200). Each person was chosen according to several criteria (sex, age, socio-professional category, place of residence) in order to make sure of the presence of all the characteristics anticipated. The ecological variable was controlled by interviewing persons in four sectors of the 15th arrondissement of Paris (wealthy older district, middle class older district, renovated wealthy district, renovated middle class national housing), in the suburbs of Paris (Bobigny cottages and Bobigny national housing), at Epinal and in the region of Auch. The authors established a hypothesis according to which the organization of the dependent variable rests on a typology of conformism. The authors thought that the dimension of conformism was complex and tried to outline its components. According to their results, there is a resistance to change. It seems to be closely linked — even though in a wide variety of circumstances — with an optimism/pessimism dimension (where manicheism seems to be identified as one of the circumstances). To tell the truth, the authors do not know if resistance to change and optimism/pessimism are two autonomous, albeit connected dimensions, or two components of conformism. They will come back to this in future studies. They conclude by saying that conformism is clearly related to the image of criminal justice.

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Carlen, Pat. "Nicole Hahn Rafter and Frances Heidensohn (eds.). International Feminist Perspectives in Criminology: Engendering a Discipline. Open University Press, Buckingham, 1996, ix + 244 pp., hard £40.00 paper £13.99." Journal of Social Policy 25, no. 3 (1996): 435–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279400023758.

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Prat, Sebastien S., Noemie Praud, and Lauren Barney. "Criminal court ordered assessments in France and Canada: a comparison." International Journal of Risk and Recovery, June 6, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15173/ijrr.v1i2.3562.

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In this Letter to the Editor, we aim to compare the Canadian and the French forensic psychiatry system. Comparing both systems is interesting because France is considered as one of the oldest modern justice systems, and many of the forensic concept are inherited from it or its European neighbours. On the other hand, Canada is one of the countries where the modern forensic psychiatry is born, implementing the actual scientific concepts of criminology. Although the overall goal of the Justicer system and Forensic Psychiatry is the same in both countries, the theoritecal and practical differences help each professional to reflect on their own practice in their jurisdiction.

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Herzog-Evans, Martine, Delphine Boesel, Stephan Parmentier, and Piero Sullo. "Alternatives to detention in France: much ado about law, little about criminology." Rivista di Criminologia, Vittimologia e Sicurezza, X, 3, 2016 (December 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.14664/rcvs/640.

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Herzog-Evans, Martine. "Who is Afraid of Criminology? Why is Criminology a Casus Belli Subject in France and Why it Has to Change?" SSRN Electronic Journal, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2034867.

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Chaves, Ernani. "Psiquiatrizar e judicializar: a constituição histórica da Psiquiatria, no Vigiar e Punir." DoisPontos 14, no. 1 (2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/dp.v14i1.56535.

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O objetivo deste artigo é interrogar acerca do modo pelo qual no Vigiar e Punir (1975) Foucault retoma o problema da constituição histórica da Psiquiatria. Procura-se entender os caminhos que esse problema percorre a partir da publicação da História da Loucura (1961), recorrendo-se, principalmente, aos cursos ministrados no Collège de France. Com isso, tentamos mostrar o quanto o projeto teórico-metodológico do Vigiar e Punir, se constitui a partir de uma severa autocrítica à História da Loucura. Nesse processo de autocrítica, a constituição histórica da Psiquiatria é revista de tal modo que possamos compreender o quanto a própria Psiquiatria, que no começo do século XIX, restringia-se ao tratamento dos loucos no interior do hospital psiquiátrico transforma-se, no decorrer daquele século, no discurso que estabelece, para toda a sociedade, a separação clara e distinta entre normal e patológico. Aliado da Criminologia e do Direito Penal, o discurso psiquiátrico passa a integrar, de modo decisivo, o processo de patologização e judicialização da vida cotidiana.

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Garg, Anshul. "Travel Risks vs Tourist Decision Making: A Tourist Perspective." International Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Systems 8, no. 1 (2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.21863/ijhts/2015.8.1.004.

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This paper sheds light on tourists emotional experiences on holiday, which are central to increase our understanding of tourist behavior. Tourists usually travel to cities with good impression. Choosing a travel destination is definitely a complicated decision-making process for tourists. For safety concerns, some tourists intentionally visit somewhere familiar and nearby, but avoid nations or areas with high crime rates or political instability. A wide range of perceptions governs the desirability and appeal of a destination to the potential traveler. The importance of investigating perceptions of travel risks has been recognized with in a number of different disciplines, such as psychology, sociology, criminology and marketing. It is often assumed that perceptions of safety and security may influence individuals destination choice. Consumers use information gathered from various sources like word of mouth, different forms of media, guidebooks, talking to friends and relatives, to form a perception of a particular destination. This is a quantitative study conducted in Malaysia. The respondents who participated in this research were the nationals of Malaysia, India, China, Indonesia, Australia, and France, etc. The study found that most holidaymakers perceive earthquake, tsunami, SARS, terrorist activities, swine flu as risk. The results of the study suggest that safety, peace and stability are major concerns for tourists while choosing their travel destination.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Criminologie – France'

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