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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Criminology and Penology'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Gutierrez, Isaza Sofia. "La criminologie et l'affaire somalienne." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27690.

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La guerre et son étude ont pendant longtemps été un domaine appartenant au champ des sciences politiques, car elle relevait de la sphère inter étatique. Suite aux deux grandes guerres du 20 siècle, le droit et la sociologie s'y sont intéressés et ont d'ailleurs développé des concepts ainsi que des théories afin d'aborder la guerre: que ce soit le droit international et la pénalisation de certains comportements à travers un système de justice international où que ce soit par l'étude des acteurs et des mouvements de la guerre. Or, la criminologie en tant que discipline des sciences sociales spécialisée dans l'étude du crime, la pénologie du crime et les politiques de contrôle de la criminalité ne s'est pas ou très peu aventurée dans l'étude des guerres et plus précisément dans l'étude des crimes de guerre. Cette recherche se veut un exercice pratique de l'application de théories criminologiques à un cas présentant une situation de crime de guerre. Le choix s'est arrêté sur l'affaire somalienne de 1993, une situation délicate bien connue par le public canadien de par sa vaste médiatisation. Pour cette étude, nous cherchions à évaluer et à sonder l'utilité d'une application de théories criminologiques en choisissant comme objet d'étude l'interprétation des membres des propres Forces canadiennes des évènements de l'affaire somalienne les. Compte tenu l'univers technique des militaires, ainsi que la complexité de l'affaire somalienne, cette étude ne cherchera pas à contribuer à l'étude des interprétations sociales des crimes de guerre, mais elle évaluera le processus d'application de deux théories criminologiques à cet objet d'étude. Nos choix méthodologiques ont dans leur ensemble constitué une partie de notre objet de recherche. À travers une méthode qualitative, nous avons recueilli et choisi deux témoignages de militaires de la Commission d'enquête royale et d'un des procès à la cour martiale à travers desquels s'insérait un récit des évènements. L'analyse narrative a été appliquée permettant de déceler des caractéristiques narratives quant au contenu, mais également quant à la fonction du narrateur de ces récits. Bien que l'échantillon choisi est très limité l'analyse du matériel a permit de tirer certaines tendances. L'analyse de la mobilisation des cadres normatifs pour définir le caractère déviant ainsi que celle de la gestion des problèmes sous la perspective de la profession à dans les deux cas permis d'identifier qu'il existe plusieurs interprétations des évènements et ce, malgré la culture sociale militaire et la même formation académique à caractère militaire. D'autre part, ces deux analyses indiquent que la position hiérarchique du militaire devient un facteur important non seulement lorsque vient le moment de définir le crime de guerre, mais également quant à la gestion du problème suite à ces évènements. Ainsi, bien que les militaires partagent des caractéristiques sociales, professionnelles et culturelles communes, ce sera plutôt l'appartenance au groupe militaire et plus encore la position hiérarchique occupée au sein de l'institution qui influencent l'interprétation des militaires par rapport à des situations telles que les crimes de guerre. Au delà de ces résultats, cette étude vise plutôt à contribuer au débat quant à l'absence des études sur les crimes de guerre en criminologie.
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2

Gulati, Shruti Gola. "Healing the circle, exploring the conjuncture of peacemaking criminology and native justice initiatives." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/mq20919.pdf.

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3

Dufresne, Martin. "Science et idéologie : criminologie québécoise et contexte politico-pénal canadien." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6045.

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Au Canada, de l'institutionnalisation des sciences sociales au cours des années 1950 et 1960, naîtront une série de disciplines hybrides, croisant des savoirs déjà constitués répondant a des besoins de spécialisation provoqués, entre autres choses, par l'expansion de l'appareil d'État. La criminologie émerge comme discipline scientifique dans ce contexte. Le criminologue s'inspire du médecin-curateur, remenant la "criminalité" a un quelconque virus qui circulerait surtout au travers les couches les plus defavorisées de la société. Ce travail de recherche se propose d'analyser le discours criminologique en le considerant comme une institution. Il s'agit de reconstituer l'institutionnalisation de la criminologie québécoise dans le contexte politico-pénal canadien, de manière à en faire ressortir les conditions de production. Hypostasier la notion de crime permet d'évacuer l'aspect politique des définitions de crime. La criminologie créé le "criminel" et le "comportement criminel" comme entités existantes, vraies. En voulant synthétiser en un savoir eclectique des approches singulières, la criminologie ne cherche pas a réfléchir et théoriser sur le phénomène du crime, elle cherche à expliquer un "mal" déjà conjure par le droit et la morale. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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4

Saleh-Hanna, Viviane. "Lyrical passages through crime : an Afrobeat, Hip Hop and Reggae production, featuring black criminology /." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3278476.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Criminal Justice, 2007.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-10, Section: A, page: 4488. Adviser: Philip C. Parnell. Title from dissertation home page (viewed May 20, 2008).
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5

Lin, Jonathan. "The historical development of criminological thought and theory as a series of successive periods." Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=110732.

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In this thesis I examine the historical development of criminological thought and theory. I argue that criminology's history generally follows the structure of history advanced by Thomas Kuhn in his The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. As such, I argue that the history of criminological development is a history of successive periods, punctuated by periods of crisis. Specifically, criminology's historical development is characterized by four successive periods, which are as follows: (1) a pre-paradigm period in which at least three different paradigms exist, in competition for dominance in the field; (2) a paradigm period characterized by the dominance and universal acceptance of positivism by the scientific community of criminologists; (3) a period of crisis in which critical criminology, an alternative paradigm, successfully challenged the positivist paradigm and pushed the discipline into a state of crisis; and (4) a period characterized by, on the one hand, the triumph of the positivist paradigm over its challengers, and on the other hand, by a period in which alternative paradigms, confined to the fringes, nevertheless incessantly challenge the foundations and first principles of the positivism paradigm. My one caveat is that we view the fourth historical period of criminology as a stage rather than what Kuhn terms a paradigm. Stage is a term invoked in order to extend the limits of Kuhn's model and to develop it further.
Dans cette thèse, j'examine le développement historique de la pensée et de la théorie criminologique. Je soutiens que l'histoire de la criminologie suit généralement la structure de l'histoire avancée par Thomas Kuhn dans son livre La Structure des Révolutions Scientifiques. Je soutiens que l'histoire du développement criminologique est une histoire de périodes successives, ponctuée par des périodes de crise. Plus précisément, nous pouvons identifier quatre périodes successives le développement historique de la criminologie: (1) une période de pré-paradigme dans lequel au moins trois paradigmes différents sont en concurrence pour la domination dans le domaine; (2) une période de paradigme caractérisé par la domination et l'acceptation universelle du positivisme par la communauté scientifique des criminologues; (3) une période de crise dans laquelle la criminologie critique, en tant que paradigme alternatif, a remis en question le paradigme positiviste et poussé la discipline dans un état de crise, et (4) une période caractérisée par, d'une part, le triomphe du paradigme positiviste sur ses concurrents, et d'autre part, par une période durant laquelle des paradigmes alternatifs, confinés a la périphérie, mais ne cessant néanmoins de remettre en question les fondements et les principes premiers du paradigme du positivisme. La problématique que j'identifie est de dire nous voyons la quatrième période historique de la criminologie comme une étape au lieu de la voir comme ce que Kuhn a appelé un paradigme. Le terme 'étape' est invoqué afin d'étendre les limites du modèle de Kuhn et de le développer davantage.
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6

Trussler, Tanya. "The individual and contextual determinants of homicide and homicide clearance in Canada 1976-2006." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=96887.

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Canada has seen an uneven temporal and geographical decline in homicide rates since the mid 1970s. In addition, Canada has simultaneously seen a proportionate increase in unsolved homicides. These two trends at first appear incongruent; however, there are a multitude of factors which influence both homicide rate fluctuations and declining clearance rates. This dissertation examines these two separate yet related phenomena in three manuscripts. In the first manuscript homicide clearance is examined at the case level in order to discern which event level features have the strongest affect on clearance outcomes. It compares the differential effects of geo-temporal influences, victim characteristics and offence details on clearance probabilities. Outcomes indicate that offence characteristics play a strong role in clearance probabilities; however, they do not completely explain the temporal decline and the geographical differences. The second manuscript examines homicide clearance rates at the regional level over three decades as a means to better understand how workload, offence and structural issues affect changing levels of homicide clearance. It also examines how certain features interact in their affect on clearance rates. Results indicate that workload factors influence homicide clearance rates, but that they interact with both structural factors and the proportion of young male victims. The final manuscript investigates regional level homicide rates over three decades with the purpose of determining the way in which changes in the size of the young male demographic influence interpersonal violence rate changes, as well as the way in which this segment of the population interacts with socio-economic factors in its influence on these rates. Results indicate that changing demographics have a strong influence on homicide rates, but that the young male segment also interacts with socio-economic influences. Overall, this dissertation adds to both homicide and homicide clearance literatures in Canada by examining multiple influences over time and space which have not previously been researched.
Au Canada, le taux d'homicides depuis le milieu des années 1970 est globalement en baisse, mais variable selon l'espace et le temps. Simultanément à ce déclin, on constate au Canada une augmentation des cas d'homicides non résolus. Ces deux tendances apparaissent incongrues au premier abord, mais il existe une multitude de facteurs qui influence aussi bien la fluctuation que le déclin du taux des cas d'homicides résolus. Cette thèse examine ces deux phénomènes inter-reliés à travers trois articles. Dans le premier, une étude de cas est réalisée afin de déterminer quels sont les facteurs qui ont le plus d'impacts sur la résolution d'homicides. Les différents effets de l'influence spatio-temporelle, les caractéristiques des victimes et le détail des délits seront comparés. Les résultats indiquent que les caractéristiques des délits jouent un rôle important au niveau des probabilités de résolution d'enquête. Toutefois, elles n'expliquent qu'en partie le déclin du taux d'homicides à travers le temps, ainsi que les différences entre les régions. Le second article présente une analyse du taux des cas d'homicides résolus au niveau régional sur trois décennies afin de permettre une meilleure compréhension du rôle de la charge de travail, du type de délit et des facteurs structurels sur les taux de cas d'homicides résolus à travers l'espace et le temps. Un examen de l'interrelation entre certains de ces facteurs sera aussi présenté. Les résultats indiquent que les facteurs liés à la charge de travail influencent les taux de cas d'homicides résolus, mais qu'ils interagissent de pair avec certains facteurs structurels, ainsi que la proportion de jeunes hommes parmi les victimes. Pour ce qui est du troisième article, une analyse des taux d'homicides au niveau régional sur plus de trois décennies est présentée. Le premier objectif est de déterminer la nature du lien entre l'évolution démographique du nombre de jeunes hommes, ainsi que l'évolution des taux de violences enregistrés dans l'espace et le temps. Le deuxième objectif est ensuite de déterminer de quelle manière ce segment de la population (jeunes hommes) interagit avec les facteurs socio-économiques influençant les taux de violences enregistrés. Les résultats indiquent que les changements démographiques ont une forte influence sur le taux d'homicides et que le segment de la population des jeunes hommes est lui-même influencé par les facteurs socio-économiques en place à travers l'espace et le temps. Globalement, cette thèse contribue par un apport scientifique tant au niveau des études sur les homicides, qu'à celui des cas d'homicides résolus au Canada, grâce à la considération de facteurs multiples dans l'espace et le temps, une approche qui n'a jamais été utilisée jusqu'à présent.
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7

Coulthard, Julie. "Parental incarceration and the ties that bind: children of offenders as collateral damage." Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=95023.

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The children of offenders have often been referred to as the "hidden victims of crime," with parental incarceration shown to have a negative and profound impact on the children. However, despite pressing concerns regarding the welfare of these children, significant gaps exist in our understanding of their well-being, of the way in which certain factors impact their well-being, and of the relationship between the condition of the children's well-being and their deviant and criminal behaviour. In addition, there is a significant paucity of research addressing the topic of children of incarcerated parents from a Canadian perspective. Therefore, the goal of this study is to address these limitations in the literature and to provide greater insight into the experiences of the children of offenders in Canada. The data for this study is drawn from in-person semi-structured interviews conducted with three groupings of individuals, including: practitioners who had experience with children of incarcerated parents in a professional capacity; the legal guardians of children with an incarcerated parent; and the children of an incarcerated parent. The study includes a sample size of 47 participants in Kingston, Ontario. Based on an index comprised of four key indicators of well-being (emotional, behavioural, academic, and social), analyses of the data indicated that the majority of the children were doing poorly across multiple dimensions. It was further evident that there were some prominent factors that impacted upon the well-being of the children of incarcerated parents, including the children's quality of care, the stigma surrounding parental incarceration, and available social support networks. Lastly, in investigating the relationship between the condition of the children's overall well-being and their participation in deviant and criminal behaviour, it is determined that, while overall well-being may provide a partial predictor for these negative outcomes, it is anger
On réfère aux enfants de parents criminels comme étant les « victimes cachées du crime » puisque l'incarcération de leurs parents a un impact négatif profond sur eux. Pourtant, malgré les inquiétudes pressantes concernant la qualité de vie de ces enfants, il existe des lacunes sérieuses entre notre compréhension de leur bien-être, la façon dans laquelle certains facteurs peuvent affecter leur bien-être et la relation entre la condition de vie des enfants et leurs comportements déviants et criminels. De plus, il y a un grand manque de recherches axées sur les enfants de parents incarcérés qui offrent une perspective Canadienne. C'est la raison pour laquelle cette étude a comme but d'adressé les lacunes dans la littérature actuelle en permettant un aperçu plus complet des expériences de vie des enfants de parents criminels au Canada. Les données pour cette étude proviennent d'entrevues en personne semi-structuré avec trois groupes d'individus, incluant : des professionnels qui avaient de l'expérience avec des enfants de parents incarcérés ; les tuteurs légales d'enfants dont un parent est incarcéré ; et les enfants de parents incarcérés. L'étude comprend un échantillon de 47 participants de Kingston, Ontario. Quatre indicateurs ont été utilisés pour évaluer le bien-être (émotionnel, comportemental, académique, et social) et l'analyse des données indique que la majorité des enfants avaient des difficultés à plus qu'un niveau. Il était aussi évident que certains facteurs avaient un impacte plus important sur le bien-être des enfants de parents incarcérés, incluant : la qualité des soins offerts aux enfants, le stigma qui existe envers l'incarcération parental, ainsi que le réseaux de soutien social disponibles. Finalement, en investiguant les relations entre le bien-être des enfants et leur participation dans des comportements déviants and criminels, une détermination peut être faite que malgré les pr
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8

Gray, Shani P. "Faith-based organizations (FBOs) and community crime control initiatives." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2005. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3185394.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Indiana University, 2005.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 66-08, Section: A, page: 3101. Chair: Steven Chermak. Title from dissertation home page (viewed Oct. 5, 2006).
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9

Janhevich, Derek E. "The criminalization of hate, a social constructionist analysis." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq26333.pdf.

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10

Ouellet, Denis. "La surveillance électronique et le pénal." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0002/MQ32548.pdf.

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11

Corriveau, Patrice. "La censure et son utilité : le cas Internet." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq36677.pdf.

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12

Renaud, Charlène. "La peine de mort et les autochtones au Canada (1940-1960)." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0009/MQ38762.pdf.

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13

Chen, Xiaoming. "The philosophical basis of social and legal control in China with special reference to juvenile delinquency." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0007/MQ45207.pdf.

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14

Guérette, Micheline Roxane. "Les agressions sexuelles en milieu carcéral : une perspective des prisonniers canadiens." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0002/MQ46578.pdf.

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Piérart, Julien. "Jeunes, espace, déviance : pour une approche socio-spatiale de la déviance juvénile." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0030/MQ47520.pdf.

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Cauchie, Jean-François. "A. Giddens et U. Beck : contribution de deux apôtres de la contingence à une sociologie du système pénal." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0017/MQ48140.pdf.

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Bégin, Patrick. "Le suivi du jeune contrevenant : de l'évaluation à la réadaptation." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ58442.pdf.

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Gonçalves, Nadia. "Le traitement et la probation : le processus du probationnaire et l'obligation de traiter." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ58457.pdf.

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Tufts, Jennifer. "Understanding public attitudes toward sentencing." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ58517.pdf.

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20

Quist, Theron Macay 1960. "Homelessness, crime, and the police: Crime and order maintenance on the street." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282097.

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The intent of this dissertation is to examine crime among the homeless, focusing on social context. Most research on homelessness and crime focuses on differences between rates of crime among the homeless and the domiciled. Researchers pay less attention to aspects of homeless life increasing probabilities of crime commission or police contact. The first issue examined was whether need is the primary motivator for crimes of the homeless. Given that most homeless people lack resources and yet only a minority commit crime, the key question became, "Why do some commit crime while others do not?" Information regarding a wide range of "survival" behaviors was collected by administering structured interviews to 399 homeless people in Philadelphia, Detroit, and Tucson. With these data, the relations among a variety of aspects of homeless life were examined. While alternative survival behaviors were predicted by barriers to regular work, crime was not predicted, casting serious doubt on need as the major motivator for crime in this population. This finding raised the second issue of the dissertation, "Do accepted theories of crime predict homeless crime?". Two of the theories examined (social learning and self-control theory) predicted crime in this population. Several factors are significant across the range of crimes discussed: cocaine and alcohol use, work history, staying in shelters, deviant acquaintances, non-conventional beliefs, and drug (or alcohol) abuse in the family. The third issue is the way in which the routine activities of the homeless interact with policing practices. The most significant change in patterns of homelessness is the decrease in accommodations for the extremely poor, and the related decline of space available to the homeless. The major consequence of this change is that the homeless are dislodged from areas traditionally available for use. This, combined with increases in the homeless population, compels the homeless to spend more time in prime space, or space valued by the community. This is significant, because as the numbers of homeless in prime space increases, their daily routines are more likely to bring them into contact with the police.
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Hope, Trina Louise 1968. "Crime, criminality, and gangs." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/288718.

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This project attempts to clarify the relationships between gang membership, crime, and criminality. It begins by introducing the distinction between crime and criminality, and analyzing criminological theory using this distinction. Next, it describes how these same theories view the role of social institutions like family, school, and peers. It also explores more substantive/methodological questions concerning gang membership. Using survey data obtained from gang and non-gang youth, the characteristics that distinguish gang from non-gang youth are discovered, along with the theoretical and policy implications of these distinctions. Measures of crime and criminality, as well as variables relating to family, school, and peers will be used to discover which traits distinguish gang from non-gang youth. Finally, a methodological concern is addressed when the reliability and validity of data provided by gang youth is compared to that provided by non-gang youth.
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Clark-Miller, Jason Dean. "Framing juveniles: Identity and negotiation in the construction of probation officer recommendations." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/290026.

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Meaning construction and its impact on the production of juvenile justice has received a great deal of attention from sociologists and criminologists. Despite an impressive body of research and a great deal of agreement on the factors associated with punishment recommendations and outcomes, few researchers have addressed the underlying process of interpretation and meaning construction that inspires the creation of court reports and recommendations. Even fewer have systematically dealt with the possible social origins of probation officer recommendations to the court. This dissertation addresses these issues by examining the processes by which members of a juvenile probation department manage their caseloads and construct their recommendations to the court. The core of the dissertation involves the application of framing perspective, currently popular among social movement researchers, to the question of probation officer decision-making. Using data derived from a two year ethnographic study of a juvenile court, I found that the forty-eight members of the probation department at West County Juvenile Court routinely negotiated and used eight juvenile frames when talking to each other and other court actors about their cases. Furthermore, I found that the frames employed by these probation officers influenced the recommendations the officers made to the court, and their actions taken in the field. My findings include a typology of the juvenile frames used by probation officers to make sense out of their cases, as well as a typology of probation officer role-identities that appear influential in frame selection. In addition, I highlight the negotiation that occurs between the officers and their peers, other court actors, and the juveniles with whom they work. I demonstrate how the negotiated order of probation serves to create and maintain juvenile frames, and influences how frames are applied. Based on my research, I present a theoretical extension of the framing perspective and offer a series of recommendations for improving probation officer training and practice.
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Arth, Brandon W. "The behavioral effects of children's exposure to domestic violence| A meta-analysis." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1586144.

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This study utilized the meta-analysis technique to explore the relationship between domestic violence exposure and children's externalizing and internalizing outcomes. Results from 22 reviewed studies produced mean weighted effect size Cohen's d values of .63 and .59 for the association between domestic violence exposure and children's internalizing and externalizing behaviors accordingly. An overall weighted effect size of d=.62 was calculated for the association between domestic violence exposure and children's behavioral outcomes. Results from overall weighted effect size d values of .44 (hear), .55 (witness), and .62 (experience) were calculated for the relationship between domestic violence exposure and children's behavioral outcomes. Results from this meta-analysis conclude a moderate to large association between domestic violence exposure and child behavior outcomes, with experiencing domestic violence being the most highly associated with child behavior outcomes. An analysis of policy, rehabilitation, and intervention programs will be discussed. Recommendations for future domestic violence research are discussed.

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Nguyen, Hubert T. "The ugly duckling| Juvenile delinquents in non-delinquent networks." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1527402.

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Barnes, Latarcia R. "Public opinions of the courts| Does mass media influence public opinion?" Thesis, Capella University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3614483.

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The general public knows very little about the criminal justice system overall, which can result in an assorted, often negative, opinions of the criminal justice system. The public's confidence in the criminal justice system is imperative to the operation of the criminal justice system. Our criminal justice system relies on the participation from the community in order to work. One speculation as to why the public has a less than favorable opinion of the criminal justice system is that the system is viewed a mystery. The public has no idea how each component of the criminal justice system works because the majority of the public has had no direct contact with the criminal justice system. Most information obtained about the criminal justice system, the public gathered from what they hear and see from the media or from other people. Using secondary data from a national survey, this dissertation analyzed mass media, specifically TV news, newspapers, and TV judge programs, to determine these variables have an influence on the relationship of the courts and public opinion in the United States. This dissertation can be viewed as ground zero in terms of how the media began to influence the public's opinion of the criminal justice system, especially the court component. For this study, a quantitative approach using a descriptive survey design was used. It was determined that the respondents were not as influenced by mass media as anticipated. The findings of this study were more consistent with the international literature than domestic literature on this topic. This dissertation offers a better understanding of the connection between mass media, even without the more modern aspects of the media such as the internet, and the public's views of the courts. This dissertation presents valuable information for satisfaction with the courts and attitude toward the courts that has not been seen in the current literature on this subject. In conclusion, recommendations were provided offered to further advance the research in this area.

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Kuhn, April. "Human trafficking| Identification and prevention through anti-money laundering efforts." Thesis, Utica College, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1555422.

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Human trafficking is one of the most profitable and quickly growing organized crimes. Human trafficking occurs across the globe, including in the United States. The high profits from human trafficking outweigh the risks to the trafficker, making this a lucrative crime. Victims of trafficking are often not willing to come forward, making prosecution difficult. Federal laws and regulations have evolved over the years to be a valuable tool. However, inconsistencies in state laws surrounding trafficking often leave the burden of identification and prosecution on federal agencies. Anti-money laundering efforts are one of the ways this crime can be identified and prevented. Human trafficking profiles of high risk businesses, trafficker characteristics, victim characteristics, and money laundering red flags should be combined to create a typology that can be used by financial institutions and law enforcement to identify possible human trafficking activity. Existing money laundering statutes should be used more often during the prosecution stage to add additional sentencing times and allow for seizure of assets.

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Newfelt, Jamie Gualco. "The Effects of Green Dry-Cleaning on the Ability to Detect and Obtain DNA from Semen Stains on Three Different Types of Fabrics." Thesis, University of California, Davis, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1565709.

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The ability to detect and obtain DNA profiles from body fluid stains on clothing is important in solving crimes. However, many crimes are reported after a significant delay and stained clothing is sometimes exposed to water, detergents, and/or other cleaning agents before it is collected as evidence. Research on the effects of water immersion and aqueous-based cleaning methods (e.g. machine laundering, detergents, machine drying) indicates that a number of variables affect whether a stain can be detected post-exposure, including the body fluid examined, the fabric type, and the presence or absence of detergents and agitation. However, the effects of dry-cleaning on body fluid stains are not well understood, despite the fact that many fabrics are “dry-clean only.” Additionally, most of the available information on dry-cleaning is based on the chemical perchloroethylene (Perc) and due to a 2007 ban on Perc, research was needed to examine the effects of available dry-cleaning alternatives. Three dry-clean-only fabrics were stained with semen and submitted for dry cleaning. Two green dry-cleaners were used, one using the petroleum-based DF2000™ and one using the silicone-based GreenEarth® process. After dry-cleaning, the stained fabrics were screened using a 5000 Å Crime-lite® and an acid phosphatase (AP) spot test. The sperm were then released from the fabric and detected using a Christmas Tree stain assay. Regardless of the results of the screening tests, the stains were removed and analyzed for DNA. The DNA was extracted using QIAamp ® DNA Investigator kits, quantitated by qPCR using Quantifiler ® Duo DNA Quantification kits, and genotyped using AmpFlSTR Identifiler ® Plus kits. It was found that dry-cleaned semen stains were often difficult to detect with the Crime-lite® and the AP spot test but that sperm were present in abundance during the Christmas Tree stain assay. It was also found that enough DNA could be recovered to generate full Identifiler® Plus profiles from all samples. Therefore, it is important for analysts to exercise caution when screening dry-cleaned evidence as stains may be missed that carry probative genetic information.

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Goodison, Sean Edmund. "The undiscovered country| Homicide, dynamic change, and deterrence in Washington, D.C. Neighborhoods, 1998-2006." Thesis, University of Maryland, College Park, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3644112.

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Studies examining homicide rates often have two limitations. First, there is a lack of rich, dynamic data to account for change, and second, no consideration of formal social controls at the neighborhood-level. To address these limitations, longitudinal data from Washington, D.C. was collected at the neighborhood level. This homicide incident and neighborhood demographic data, which spans from 1998-2006, allow for a test of two theoretical perspectives within a classical/social control sphere, namely social disorganization and deterrence. This work poses two main questions: Do dynamic structural factors influence homicide rates across neighborhoods? Does aggregate deterrence influence homicide rates across neighborhoods? Results suggest that dynamic structural factors predict homicide rates better than static factors, though deterrence results are insignificant. Implications and avenues for future research are also discussed.

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Shifton, Jeremy J. "The impact of trial evidence on juror decision-making." Thesis, State University of New York at Albany, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3667162.

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It is widely accepted that a confession is one of the most incriminating piece of evidence that can be presented in a criminal case (Kassin & Neumann, 1997). However, little prior research has examined the impact of situational characteristics (e.g., length of interrogation, how recently suspect has slept, etc.) of the interrogation and resulting confession. While police tactics and personal characteristics are known to impact perceptions of the resulting confession, little is known about how aspects of an interrogation might impact the perceptions of jurors. In three studies, this dissertation seeks to determine how mock jurors' perceptions of evidence strength are impacted by the inclusion of known risk factors for false confessions.

The first study uses an in-person, student sample to evaluate the impact of interrogation length, how recently the suspect slept, and how many interrogators questioned the suspect. The second study repeats the measures of the first study using an online sample of adults. Situational interrogation factors, specifically the length of the interrogation, were found to have a significant effect on perceived evidence strength and resulting trial verdict. A confession resulting from a lengthy (16 hour) interrogation was perceived to be significantly weaker than a confession resulting from a shorter (1 hour) interrogation. Overall, when situational interrogation factors were presented to mock jurors, the evidence was perceived to be weaker and less indicative of guilt, and respondents voted to convict the defendant significantly less often.

The final study varies the age of the defendant and the alleged crime committed along with the length of the interrogation to determine whether any or all of these factors impact perceptions of evidence strength. This third study finds that confessions offered by younger defendants are viewed as less strong than older defendants, and that this effect is magnified when there is a lengthy interrogation. Similarly, defendants accused of murder who faced a lengthy interrogation were less likely to be convicted than those accused of assault. The final chapter concludes with an overall discussion of the three studies and avenues for future research.

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Garrett, Elena Victorovna. "Exploring internet users' vulnerability to online dating fraud| Analysis of routine activities theory factors." Thesis, The University of Texas at Dallas, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1583633.

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This paper investigates factors affecting susceptibility to online dating fraud victimization among a sample of 110 Internet users. Demographic factors such as age, income, marital status, employment, education, and country of residence are analyzed. Applicability of Routine Activities Theory to online scams is discussed, and variables such as computer use and proficiency, awareness of online scams, past experience with international dating, and interest in online dating are analyzed. Study differentiates between likelihood and severity of victimization. Findings indicate that factors most likely to affect vulnerability to online dating fraud victimization are: interest in online dating, interest in international dating, and years of computer use. Contrary to expectations, none of the demographic factors and none of the variables measuring level of awareness about online scams were statistically significant. For many variables, patterns of likelihood of victimization were different from the patterns of severity of victimization.

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31

Lindsteadt, Greg. "You play you stay the potential consequences on institutional misconduct for indeterminately sentenced youth /." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3240650.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Criminal Justice, 2006.
Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Nov. 7, 2008). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-11, Section: A, page: 4344. Advisers: S. Chernale; G. R. Aarjoura. Mode of access: World Wide Web.
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Anders, Bradley R. "Racial Profiling Policy and its Relation to Pro-Active Policing." Thesis, Walden University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3606796.

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To address the primary problem of racial profiling by police, many states have passed legislation that require police departments to collect demographic data on those with whom the officer comes into contact; these data are later evaluated by supervisors. The problem lies in the possibility for police officers to disengage, or depolice, when faced with data collection policies that may be viewed as lessening the officer's discretion. It was this potential to depolice as related to policy interpretation that formed the conceptual framework for this study. As a result, implementation of racial profiling policies may negatively impact the very minorities they are designed to protect. The purpose of this exploratory study was to identify and analyze the possible correlationship between statutory racial data tracking, the frequency of racial profiling discussion, the officer's time in policing, and history of disciplinary procedures for violating profiling policy in the decision to either stop or not stop a motorist when the race of that motorist is observed to be that of a racial and ethnic minority. A forward stepwise logistic regression was utilized to analyze data collected from a sample of 176 police officers in the Midwest recruited through police organizational contacts. The results showed the only significant predictor in a police officer's decision to stop or not stop a minority motorist was the presence of a state statute requiring the collection of racial profiling data. This information can be useful to administrators and policy makers in addressing allegations of racial profiling. Understanding the influence of mandated racial profiling data collection policies on police officer behavior offers potential explanation when analyzing individual officer minority contact ratios, and may prompt policy revision to effect equal treatment of all citizens regardless of race or ethnicity.

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Cyr, Haythornthwaite Caroline. "La mise en forme de l'affaire Belmoral : une étude de cas." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5818.

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Cette recherche de type qualitatif a pour objet d'étude le fonctionnement d'une commission d'enquête publique. Plus particulièrement, elle se penche sur l'étude de cas de l'affaire Belmoral. Suite à l'effondrement de la mine Belmoral, le 20 mai 1980, à Val d'Or, une commission d'enquête fut instituée pour enquêter sur les événements entourant cet effondrement. Se basant sur l'analyse de contenu des notes sténographiques et du rapport final de l'enquête, de mémé que sur les récits de presse, cette recherche vise à exposer la reconstruction que la Commission a faite des événements entourant l'effondrement, menant vers la mise en forme de l'affaire Belmoral. Bref, cette recherche nous a permis d'illustrer les diverses fonctions et contraintes gérant une commission d'enquête publique. Et, plus que tout, elle nous a permis de démontrer l'utilité incontestable de l'enquête publique, utilité qui souvent, à première vue, peut sembler symbolique. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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34

Ingram, Paul K. "An ecological analysis of residential break and enter in Ottawa: The pilot project." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5962.

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Summary. The main objective of this thesis was to provide specific knowledge of residential break and enters in Ottawa and Vanier from which various policies and strategies could be developed by the Ottawa Police Force to combat this crime. This thesis acted as a test pilot project. An areal study of residential break and enter was conducted to focus on the patterns of distribution of this crime throughout the cities of Ottawa and Vanier. The areal analysis identified clusters of offences within the city and an ecological analysis of these clusters, involving such objective measures as demographic, socio-economic, and living conditions were used to demonstrate their evironmental correlates. Proximity to an offender and affluence of the area were identified as factors associated with the break and enter rates during this test period. The third and final objective of this thesis involved recommendations for changes to and introduction of new strategies for combating residential break and enter. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Morin, Claire. "Le cheminement de six (6) femmes victimes de violence en milieu conjugal : un long processus de prise en charge." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5669.

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Salvail, M. Laurent. "La prison au Québec depuis ses origines : études de ses maximes." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5685.

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Gringler, Michelle. "Public opinion and prison conditions in Canada: The relationship between attitudes and knowledge." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6437.

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This thesis explores the relationship between attitudes and knowledge, and assesses the impact of factual information on attitudes on the topic of prison conditions in Canada. A questionnaire, distributed to a non-representative sample of volunteer first year criminology students, forms the basis of this research. The questionnaire incorporated an attitude scale, measuring respondent "punitiveness", and a knowledge scale, measuring the accuracy of factual information concerning prison conditions at the disposal of respondents. The questionnaire was comprised of both global and specific questions and included an experimental manipulation (i.e., case scenarios). Respondents were supportive of both punitive and progressive penal policies and practices. Study participants were familiar with the general facets of prison life, but lacked information on penal policies, prisoner health issues, prisoners' rights, and release from prison. The results of this research do not support a relationship between attitudes and knowledge. Respondents held particular attitudes concerning prison conditions regardless of the amount or accuracy of factual information at their disposal. Participant assessments of penal severity were positively associated with their perceptions of sentencing severity. However, this research indicates that this relationship is spurious. An underlying individual trait, "punitiveness", influenced both attitudes towards sentencing and attitudes towards prison conditions. Respondents favouring punitive penal practices were more likely to appraise prison conditions and sentencing practices as lax. This research also indicates that providing participants with factual information via case scenarios does not alter their opinions. Respondents receiving global questions and those receiving case scenarios expressed statistically similar perceptions of prison conditions. Further, manipulating offence severity within the case scenarios did not alter participant perceptions of prison conditions. However, factual information, in the form of case scenarios, strengthens the relationship between "punitiveness" and perceptions of criminal justice leniency.
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Li, Hui-Yu. "Evaluation of selective strategies for the prevention of criminal homicide in China." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6763.

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The legal theory of crime causation postulates three main strategies for crime control: (a) increasing inhibitory factors (those which might prevent actualization of criminal behaviour). Here the death penalty plays a part. (b) reducing facilitating factors (decreasing the availability of the prerequisites for the offence). Gun control legislation may be employed to this end, since it decreases the availability of lethal weapons. (c) controlling predisposing factors. If these are known, medical intervention is supposed, in some points of view, to be able to rectify them. Prevention of criminal homicide, like the prevention of most crime, takes two forms: first, the offender may be prevented from repeating an act; second: the non-offender may be prevented from ever committing his first criminal act. Two different types of strategies may be adopted: specific deterrence, directed at the offender after the act, and general deterrence, directed at potential offenders before acts are perpetrated. The death penalty operates as specific deterrence. The principle of general deterrence rests on the assumption that all persons are similar, and that threat of the death penalty will affect all members of a society equally. Gun control legislation is a strategy of reducing facilitating factors, directed at the general population and designed to prevent the commission of the act. Here, again, is the assumption that all persons are similar and that non-availability of prerequisite weapons will prevent the homicide. Medical interventions have been utilized, for offenders as well as for potential offenders. In both cases, however, a diagnosis of the anomaly must be first made. In the case of potential offenders, such a strategy requires investigating entire populations, an unrealistic and unfeasible project. The intent of this study is to determine which of these strategies would be most suitable for the control of homicide in China. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Gagné, Christian. "Du taylorisme-- carcéral : la prison comme procéssus de gestion des corps." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5630.

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Barlow, Christine. "The contribution of long-term prisoners to violence in Canadian penitentiaries." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5696.

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The law pertaining to capital punishment in Canada saw significant changes during the 1960-70 period and culminated in 1976 with the abolishment of capital punishment and its replacement with life sentences for what is known now as first and second degree murder. Individuals incarcerated for these "life sentences" have created a complex managerial dilemma for correctional officials. This study showed that institutions that house long term offenders were indeed disproportionately involved in incidents of violence however it was unclear as to whether that was due to the presence of long term inmates or other factors. This relationship became further in doubt when the second hypothesis revealed that short term not long term inmates were disproportionately involved in incidents of violence and escapes. This finding was consistent with other research done in this area. Finally, a number of distinguishing characteristics were found amongst the long term offender population which might begin to provide a basis for which to predict institutional behavior. Not surprisingly, the distinguishing factors related primarily to age at time of offence and previous convictions and incarcerations. A system of dispersal-concentration appears to most accommodate the findings that the data provides. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Flynn, Nathalie. "La criminalisation de l'inceste: Justifiable ou non?" Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5707.

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Pilon, Guylaine. "Le discours des intervenants sur le traitement des criminels psychiatrisés en clinique psychiatrique externe." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5760.

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Parce que nous croyons que l'émergence de la psychiatrie dans les procédures judiciaires a fait surgir des débats concernant la clientèle d'une part et les méthodes d'interventions d'autre part; nous avons cru pertinent d'aller vérifier, auprès des professionnels en santé mentale communautaire, la dynamique actuelle entourant le partage d'une clientèle entre deux systèmes sociaux. Alors que le débat est déjà engagé en ce qui concerne le traitement des justiciables, notre recherche suscite une réflexion tant au niveau des difficultés dans le traitement psychiatrique de la clientèle judiciarisé, que dans les procédures pénales en matière de sentences. Problème de motivation et traitement coercitif, sont en quelque sorte le pivot qui nourrit le discours des intervenants en psychiatrie. À la recherche d'une cause interne de la maladie, les thérapeutes semblent passer à côté du problème. Si l’on ne peut déterminer la source de la maladie, la psychiatrie se trouve alors devant une impasse. Ayant interrogé quelques thérapeutes en santé mentale, nous avons découvert qu'effectivement, les traitants se retrouvent devant le dilemme de satisfaire les exigences de deux systèmes sociaux différents. Quoique le chevauchement du système médical et du système pénal soulève quelques points litigieux, il semble que les intervenants se sont toutefois adaptés aux procédures actuelles. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Desmarais, Ginette. "Le phénomène de la violence entre conjoints et sa prévention." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5918.

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Notre thèse est une analyse du phénomène de la violence entre conjoints sur les plans théoriques et empiriques afin d'élaborer des recommandations qui peuvent indiquer les mesures à prendre pour sa prévention. Premièrement, nous avons analysé l'ampleur empirique du phénomène de la violence conjugale à partir des statistiques officielles et des statistiques obtenues par des études spécifiques. Deuxièmement, nous avons fait une analyse théorique des facteurs explicatifs de la violence infligée aux femmes dans le milieu conjugal. Nous avons regroupé les théories existantes en quatre catégories : (1) les théories intra-individuelles, (2) les théories psycho-sociales, (3) les théories sociologiques et structurelles et, (4) les théories féministes. Troisièmement, des entrevues non structurées auprès de dix-sept (17) femmes violentées nous ont donné les éléments nécessaires pour analyser le vécu des femmes et comprendre le phénomène à partir de leur réalité. La prévention sociale du phénomène de la violence conjugale ne se fait qu'à partir de la reconnaissance de l'existence de ce problème comme phénomène social, ainsi que l'engagement de la collectivité, des agences sociales et des gouvernements a contré les répercussions et les coûts sociaux de la violence faite aux femmes. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Tracey, Neil R. "Metaphor, the press, and the Canadian Security Intelligence Service (CSIS)." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6006.

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The dissemination of press information in areas of concern to criminal justice plays an important role in the public conceptions of crime and the criminal justice system. The theoretical basis of the work, which integrates studies in phenomenology and metaphor, serves as a vehicle to arrive at a critical understanding of the press portrayal of the security legislation (CSIS Act). The thesis studies press articles gathered from microfilms, government press clippings, and a computer search (Dialog, File 262) for the Vancouver Sun, Winnipeg Free Press, Toronto Globe and Mail, Toronto Star, Ottawa Citizen, Ottawa Le Droit, Montreal Gazette, Le Devoir. Specific sub-themes in the reporting of the CSIS indicate that: (1) the reporting was uniformly critical of the bill, (2) the issue of civil rights versus state security provided the boundaries of virtually all coverage, (3) the CSIS was consistently portrayed through totalitarian imagery. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Huartson, Kimberley James. "A program evaluation of Toronto halfway houses." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6022.

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This study examines the needs of all offenders being released to Toronto during a three month period; July 1 to September 30, 1988. It's purpose is to identify any needs which may exist in Toronto both in terms of a need for halfway house beds and programming needs within the houses. From the data we gathered, we were able to conclude that there is currently no policy which requires that offenders be matched to halfway houses according to their individual needs. We also found that: (1) Mandatory Supervision cases are the highest in terms of risk and need, yet they receive the least structure release of all early releases. Day Parole releases, on the other hand, have the fewest needs and present the lowest risk, yet they receive the most structured form of release, with mandatory halfway house residence. (2) There is a lack of structured programming in Toronto halfway houses, and the programs which do exist are often duplicated, where other needs are not met through any type of programming. (3) There does appear to be a small shortage of beds for Day Parole releases and a great shortage of beds for Mandatory Supervision releases. From these conclusions we were able to make recommendations concerning release policy and how it relates to halfway houses. These recommendations are designed to make the release and treatment of offenders more cost effective as well as to reduce the chances of recidivism. They require both policy and legislative changes in order to be implemented. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Swait, Michael. "Explaining male inmate victimization in Canadian federal penitentiaries: A test of importation and deprivation theories." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6080.

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Our understanding of criminal victimization in Canadian penitentiaries is quite limited because little research has been conducted in relation to this phenomenon. As a result, it is quite difficult to determine with any degree of certainty the true extent of inmate victimization in Canada. This paper examines the occurrence of victimization in Canadian penitentiaries to shed light on this phenomenon. Using information derived from the 1995 National Inmate Survey (N = 4,381 male federal inmates), the thesis examines the prevalence of inmate victimization in our federal penitentiaries and its relationship to a variety of institutional and individual indicators, as well as testing the relative usefulness of the importation and deprivation theories in explaining the patterns observed. Instances of physical assaults, assaults with weapons, sexual assaults, staff assaults, and gang activity show that violent behaviors are a fairly common occurrence in federal correctional institutions. Bivariate and multivariate analyses revealed some support for the existence of a relationship between institutional and individual indicators with inmate victimization in Canadian federal penitentiaries. Theoretical and policy implications of the data are suggested.
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Gotlieb, Jennifer Joy. "The violent crime rate decline: Towards an explanation." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6225.

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Academics and policy makers have taken note of what appears to be a decline in violent crime in the early 1990's in North America. In Canada, by 1999, the violent crime rate had decreased for the seventh consecutive year. Research has failed, to date, to fully account for this decline. In fact, there are many competing explanations found in the literature. With the exception of research by Kennedy & Veitch, (1997) Carrington, (2001) and Ouimet (2002), most of the research examining the decreasing levels of violent crime has been undertaken using American data. The purpose of this study is to answer the following research question: Which proposed explanations for the decline in rates of violent crime decline are most plausible? This paper examines four possible explanations for the recent decline in the violent crime including changes in the unemployment rate, demographic patterns, police staffing levels and reporting rates. This thesis concludes that the best explanations for the violent crime rate decline between 1993 and 1999 are the changes in the unemployment rate and the changes in demographic patterns as well as changes in the police workforce. Reporting rates have remained stable and thus cannot account for the violent crime rate decline. However, even these explanations fail to account for variation in crime rates over a larger period. Clearly, more sophisticated research is needed.
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Deschamps, Carole. "L'évaluation du risque et la gestion de cas." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6482.

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Dubé, Yves. "Les restrictions du port de l'arme de service chez les corps policiers municipaux au Québec : un débat qui n'a pas encore eu lieu." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6512.

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Nous voulions, dans cette recherche, reperer les debats concernant la pertinence pour les policiers municipaux au Quebec de porter une arme a feu et analyser les arguments qui y sont contenus. Pour realiser cet objectif, nous avons procede en trois etapes. Premierement, nous avons examine la litterature traitant de la question afin de faire ressortir les principaux arguments qui justifient encore le port de l'arme pour tous les policiers municipaux, peu importe leurs fonctions. Deuxiemement, nous avons scrute dans la presse ecrite le discours tenu lors d'incidents commis par des policiers qui ont occasionne la mort de plusieurs personnes (68) entre 1975 et 1986 au Quebec. Troisiemement, nous avons rencontre les dirigeants policiers (patronaux et syndicaux) de l'Outaouais afin de connai tre davantage leur opinion sur le sujet. Le compte rendu de ces demarches nous a alors permis de constater qu'aucun debat n'a encore vraiment ete fait sur la pertinence du port de l'arme pour les policiers municipaux au Quebec. Une conclusion qui nous incite a croire que sans une volonte politique des gouvernements a restreindre le pouvoir d'homicide des policiers, et une meilleure sensibilisation de la population a la realite criminelle et des consequences d'une police armee sans restriction, ce debat n'aura jamais lieu. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Théroux, Guy M. "S'interroger sur la violence masculine domestique : la question du silence des hommes." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6634.

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Abstract:
Dans un premier temps, cette recherche propose de brievement presenter les differentes formes de violence masculine domestique, les elements qui participent a la reproduction de cette violence et les mythes qui y contribuent. Dans un deuxieme temps, differentes perspectives des cultures masculines sont presentees comme tentatives d'explication a la violence masculine domestique. Cette recherche exploratoire tente d'examiner les differentes explications fournies par les hommes sur la violence masculine domestique tout en tissant les liens avec les differences perspective. Il est souhaite que les entrevues aupres des participants permettent d'identifier des pistes de prevention et d'intervention sociale aupres des garcons et des hommes. Un premier objectif de cette recherche est celui d'analyser la problematique de la violence conjugale a partir du vecu des hommes. Un deuxieme objectif de cette recherche est celui d'explorer les valeurs, les attitudes et les roles masculins afin de voir s'il existe des liens possibles entre les masculinites et la violence masculine domestique. Il se degage trois grandes conclusions a partir des entrevues. La premiere implique le besoin d'un changement dans les facons et les moyens pour parler aux hommes de la violence masculine. La deuxieme conclusion est directement reliee au silence. Les hommes ne semblent pas percevoir cette problematique comme un sujet tres important ou pertinent a leur vecu si on en juge par le nombre toujours restreint d'hommes qui s'impliquent et qui la denoncent. La troisieme conclusion s'enchai ne avec la precedente puisqu'il s'agit de la peur des hommes a denoncer la violence masculien domestique. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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