Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Crise économique (1929)'
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Bicaba, Nanye Pierre. "La crise économique de 1929 en Haute-Volta." Nice, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NICE2010.
Full textBradette, Diane. "Comment se protéger à Québec durant la crise économique de 1929-1939 : l'interaction famille, Église, État." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq25284.pdf.
Full textHanff, Germain. "La "Grande Crise" économique, politique et sociale (1929/30 - 1935/6) au Grand-Duché de Luxembourg." Besançon, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986BESA1012.
Full textCadorel, Jean-Laurent. "Essays in Economic and Financial History." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, EHESS, 2025. http://www.theses.fr/2025EHES0025.
Full textThis thesis analyzes the causes and effects of financial market crises. My analysis takes place in two different historical contexts: the first part of the thesis is in the context of the Interwar period in the United States and Europe; the second part of the thesis is set in France over the long 20th century.The first chapter proves the 1929 crash was a liquidity crisis and the second chapter attempts to explain the root cause of the decrease in liquidity.Chapter 1 (published in the Economic History Review) constructs a representative database of intraday prices for the largest 80 stocks. These data allow us to see that on crisis days (October 24, 28 and 29, 1929), price declines are greatest just after the margin call hours of 11:20 and 14:20 (Figure 1.4). Prices gap down after margin call hours, they do not decline in an orderly fashion.I evidence that the crash is a liquidity crisis due to the liquidation of brokers' margin loans by applying recent estimators of effective spreads and liquidity conditions from contemporary finance literature. Various measures suggest a four-fold increase in spreads during the crash at the aggregate level. At the individual stock level, quoted bid-ask spreads suggest that liquidity explains one-fifth of the variance in daily stock returns during the crash. Chapter 2 attempts to explain the root cause of the decrease in liquidity. Why was there less liquidity and why did investors start selling their stocks triggering margin calls and a liquidation? What triggered the cascade of margin calls? The contribution of chapter 2 is to link the decline in liquidity to monetary policy through a novel international channel – the gold standard.Private telegrams between George Harrison, President of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York and Montagu Norman, Governor of the Bank of England, cited in Chapter 2 indicate that governors explicitly targeted the New York Stock Exchange with monetary policy shocks. The governor of the Bank of England, Montagu Norman, believed, as soon as February 1929 that the gold standard was at risk because of speculation in New York and thus contractionary monetary shocks against the New York Stock Exchange were justified. The Bank of England resorted to increase its discount rate from 5.5 to 6.5 percent on September 26, 1929. Capital and gold flowed back to core European countries and threatened the gold positions of countries on the periphery of the gold standard. As markets tested their ability to remain on the gold standard, some currencies lost their credibility and these countries' debts in New York depreciated. Archives from the Rothschilds in London and to their agents in Rio, the main financial center in South America, provide evidence of this causal mechanism.Exchange rates in the periphery of the gold standard collapsed during the crash and bond prices of periphery countries decreased significantly. Previously the literature has presented the Federal Reserve Bank of New York's actions as autonomous, isolated or in opposition to the Board. In fact, the FRBNY's tightening was in collaboration with the Bank of England. Showing this is another contribution to the literature. Chapter 3 of the thesis reconstructs the French Treasury yield curve since 1870 from bond quotations collected from the official listing in bi-weekly frequency. I then apply the Nelson & Siegel (1987) model to the zero-coupon yields I extracted from the prices. In conclusion, this thesis contributes to the economic and financial history by shedding light on the 1929 crash and explaining its cause, as well as building the tools for a long-run study of bond market crises in France. These findings are hopeful because they show we can study financial crises seriously with existing methods. We can still learn from modern finance and macro-econometrics and successfully apply tools from these fields to historical contexts
Accominotti, Olivier. "Foreign exchange reserves, financial instability and contagion : three essays on the Great Depression." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010IEPP0054.
Full textThis dissertation is a collection of three essays, all dealing with unexplored aspects of international financial instability during the 1920s and 1930s. The research included in these papers aims to provide a better understanding of the destabilizing monetary policies of the interwar years, and of the spread of financial crises, as well as to bring new historical perspectives to current policy issues in international finance. The first chapter revisits the French international reserves policy of the interwar years. Based on original data documenting the currency composition of the foreign reserves, the chapter identifies the motivations behind the Bank of France's disastrous policy of this period. The second chapter deals with the international transmission of the 1931 global financial crisis. Relying on bank balance sheet data collected in the archives, it explores the precise transmission channel through which the Central European crisis of the spring 1931 propagated to the most important financial center of the period, London, endangered the British banking system and eventually led to the sterling crisis of September. Last, the third chapter identifies the main factors of international financial crisis propagation during the 1930s, based on an extensive dataset documenting exchange markets, bond markets and stock markets. The statistical analysis in this chapter reveals that the 1931 crisis was the most global financial shock of the Great Depression and that net importers of capital were hit first
De, Almeida Paulo Henrique. "L'isolement socialiste - une variante de l'autarcie : esquisse d'une Histoire de l'Idée d'Autarcie." Paris 10, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA100139.
Full textThe thesis is about (1) the evolution of the idea of autarky – policy of economic self-sufficiency in a political unity – in the economic thinking, and more particularly about (2) the development of a specific notion of autarky: that which results in the Stalinist doctrine of the « socialism in one country ». It proposes two levels of analysis. The first one is related to the history of ideas. The second one is related to historical facts. Autarky is then examined as an original conception, contrasted not only to free-trade, but also to mercantilism and industrial protectionism. The research is based on the period between the economic crisis of 1873 and 1929. However it also includes the evolution of the thinking about the autarkist development since 1945. From the point of view of the history of economic thought, we conclude that Stalinist doctrine is an heir of a very ancient conception of autarky that reappears in the German socialist movement since the 19th century. From the point of view of the economic history, we conclude that the Stalinist autarkist policy is nothing but a variant of the autarkist policies applied during the period between the First and the Second World War
Aubanel, Jean-Christophe. "Comment sortir d'une crise économique : analyse rétrospective des apports et de l'évolution de la théorie autrichienne des cycles dans le panorama de la Grande Dépression." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ULILA017.
Full text"This thesis offers a retrospective analysis of the Austrian theory of business cycles, from its inception in 1912 by Ludwig von Mises to the developments articulated by Murray Rothbard in the 1960s. This monetary analysis of economic cycles primarily evolved during the 1930s, subjecting the works of prominent theorists such as Hayek, Robbins, Machlup, Haberler, Röpke, Fetter, and Phillips to the test of the Great Depression. Our research aims to shed light on the repercussions of the Great Depression on the development of the Austrian theory of economic cycles and its crisis exit recommendations, also allowing us to assess the uniqueness of this analysis over its evolution.This work draws on two methodological approaches: the history of economic thought and economic analysis. In this regard, our study adopts a chronological structure divided into three essential periods: [1] the genesis and early developments of the Austrian theory prior to the Great Depression (1912-1929), [2] the testing of the Austrian theory of cycles during the Great Depression (1929-1939), and finally [3] the assessment of the Great Depression's impact on Austrian thought (1939-1969).Our approach is intended to examine in detail the various developments that, over a period of more than half a century, have shaped the Austrian view of economic crises and the remedies to address them. The Great Depression being a pivotal period on these issues, our focus is primarily on the 1930s, a time during which the majority of Austrian reference works on the subject were published, punctuated by multiple controversies with Keynesian and neoclassical schools. This also involves political and epistemological considerations, as the Austrian school places special emphasis on cross-analyzing perspectives on the same subject, thereby illustrating Hayek's statement, 'He would be a bad economist who was only an economist.' Our research also assumes the decomposition and explanation of the complex mechanisms that form the theoretical foundation of the Austrian analysis of cycles: the theory of capital, interest, and money.Based on all these elements of various natures, our thesis seeks to question, beyond the thoughts of eminent authors now belonging to posterity, the process of shaping one of the most important economic theories of the 20th century and the solutions it proposed for the greatest crisis of the capitalist era. This approach to updating crisis exit recommendations from an Austrian perspective, although apparently contradictory to the non-intervention principles inherent to this school of thought, also leads us to challenge the idea that government policies are the only conceivable solution to overcome recurring episodes of depression. Consequently, the practical hope of this work is to provide insights into a question that still remains unanswered in the field of modern macroeconomics."
Edorh, Hokameto. "Les relations commerciales entre Marseille et l'A. O. F. Entre les deux guerres mondiales." Aix-Marseille 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX10022.
Full textBridji, Slim. "Modélisation de la Grande Dépression : trois essais sur les expériences française et américaine." Thesis, Paris 10, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA100045.
Full textThis thesis uses and develops dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) models for a better understanding of the Great Depression in U.S. and particularly in France. It is composed of three essays. In the first essay, the business cycle accounting method is used to identify the main frictions that account for the French Great Depression. Those frictions are then compared to the ones that are emphasized for explaining the U.S. Great Depression. The second essay provides an explanation of the total factor productivity collapse in the U.S. and in France during the Great Depression, based on the organizational capital that is accumulated by farms through a learning-by-doing mechanism. The third essay proposes a DSGE model which emphasizes the functioning of the gold standard. The ability of this model to replicate the French macroeconomic and monetary fluctuations during the 1930s is then assessed
Charlier, Sylvie. "Les ouvriers du livre parisien et leurs syndicats CGT dans la crise des années trente." Paris 8, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA082769.
Full textThe crisis and french left-wing coalition period of breaking off and change in the working class reinforce « La Fédération française des travailleurs du Livre » a very important french labor union. Particularly for the parisian book-trade workers who are a very important union branch on looking at its history, its social benefits that have been won and its economic weight. This thesis is specifically written about them
Aubry-Memoli, Crescence. "Les relations monétaires entre la France et ses territoires d'Afrique centrale (1929-1960) : enjeux et intérêts des acteurs publics et privés." Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010586.
Full textÖz, Eyüp. "Le Parti libéral républicain dans la région égéenne en Turquie : histoire politique d’une grande mobilisation contestaire : [Du 12 août au 17 novembre 1930]." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0073.
Full textFor several reasons, the year 1930 can be defined as a genuine turning point for Turkey. The radical religious reforms under the kemalist leadership and the growing social discontent due to the economic crisis forced the country to go through a transformation towards two essential directions : economic; statism and pluralistic political system. Created on the personal order of Mustafa Kemal, the liberal Republican party took its place in the historical scene on august 12th, as a pure product of the political engineering. Nevertheless, the welcome of Fethi Okyar at Smyrna as a redeemer overturned all expectations. Breaking with his impartiality, the president of the Republic had to reaffirm immediately his attachment to the republican people's party. The opposition was successful during the elections, despite the legitimization of all injustices and state coercions. Though the liberal party was unexpectedly dissolved, its electorate continued to exist for several more months. The disproportionate response to a singular messianic uprising did not succeed in the suppressing of social protests. Born in Magnesia and ended in Menemen on december 23rd, 1930, this insurrectionary wave has shaken the power profoundly, with the murder of a sub-lieutenant. Gallows erected on public places after the incident were part of a unique fear engineering that disintegrated the opposition coalition. The concept of liberalism thus became synonymous with violence and liberal opponents will be silenced by fear of religious reactionism
Mével, Caroline. "Les New Yorkais dans la grande dépression 1929-1934 : chômage et aide sociale : prolégomènes à un New Deal." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA070082.
Full textFrom 1929 to 1934, New York appears to have been the laboratory where, in the move from private charity to public welfare, the prolegomena to the New Deal, and beyond, to the Welfare State, were set. At the epicenter of the financial crisis, New York's unemployed were growing fast to a million or more, and working or living in Manhattan, specifically, was getting difficult. Denied social protection and private resources, needy families sought help from the numerous service agencies and "scientific" charities which were supported by rich philanthropists and run by social reformers who employed professional social workers. From 1931 on, their power to act reached its limit, and they appealed to the political authorities for help. The City of New York had limited powers in the field of caring for the destitute; its role was mainly to provide advice and help to private programs, and contribute to setting up fund raising appeals. In 1931, Governor Franklin D. Roosevelt moved New York State into action with the TERA. Its aim was a massive program of job creation; material help was made possible too. The State let the City of New York build its own relief and employment programs and injected public funds as an incentive to act. During the "Hundred Days" (March 4 — June 16, 1933), President Franklin D. Roosevelt created the FERA which applied at a federal level reenacted the rules of the TERA and the New York experiment. The top New York social work leaders were involved in building a public welfare System and a labor legislation which put the common man under the protection of the Federal State
Galvez, Eduardo. "Crise, économie et hégémonie en Argentine (1999-2003)." Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EHES0030.
Full textThis research deals with the conflicts within the dominant class (or economic elite) from this country, based on the different stands taken by its members with regard to economic politics, from August 1999 to December 2003. During this period, which includes the end of Carlos Menem' s government, the shortened government of Fernando De la Rua, the temporary one of Eduardo Duhalde until the consolidation of Nestor Kirchner' s government, the gestation, development and resolution of a crisis takes place This cri sis reaches its main intensity in December 2001, in the context of the: "corralito" (banking restrictions), declaration of state of siege, death of37 people during repression of the demonstrations against government measures (only a few meters away from the government house) and supermarket lootings, formal declaration of external debt default, resignation of Finance Minister Domingo Cavallo and President Fernando De la Rua from the UCR (Union Civica Radical), replaced (after many caretaker presidents) by Eduardo Duhalde from the Pl (Partido lusticialista) (elected by national Congress), and the continuation of demonstrations under the slogan "Qué se vayan todos!" ("They ail must go"). During this period, we have empirically collected the economic stands taken by a specific category of organic intellectuals from the dominant class. Based on this empirical list, we have grouped together these organic intellectuals into two rival alignments
Mengue, Mengue Joseph. "Contre-choc pétrolier et crise économique camerounaise : 1982-1992." Paris 10, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA100057.
Full textIn this paper, an attempt is being made to analyses the economic instability in Cameroun following years of economic growth. Since 1985, the country has entered into a new era of economic restriction and rigor. In the first part of this paper, we try to treat the causes and the consequences of the economic crises. In chapter one of part 1, these causes are shown as being endogenous, reflecting the inappropriateness of state politics vis-a-vis the economy of the country. In chapter ii, we are presented with the exogenous causes, showing that the economy of the country has been put under constraints of both internal and external public over-indebtedness. The two chapters of part b try to show the idea that, at global level; these crises have contributed to the development of informal economy, the blockage of growth, and to the aggravation of poverty. The second part is devoted to debate arising from the adoption of the politics of liberal stabilization and adjustment. In general, this study presents econometric models inspired by the works of Khan and Polak. These models serve as theoretical supporters to the Bretton woods institutions. It shows the limitations of the structural adjustment plans that had been elaborated, notably those concerning the functioning of market (situations) and the existence of an informal sector that is not well known. At the actual moment, the state is very weak, dismantled by the eight years of brutal adjustment. The economy of Cameroun is therefore a paradoxical case of a political economy administered from the above. The question of the 21st century economies of Africa is in fact to change the methods of regulation and the form of accumulation, to pass from the logic of stock-holder to that of accumulation of businesses arising from the adoption of the politics of liberal stabilization and adjustment
Nzengue, Godefroy. "Crises, contextes de crise et dynamiques démographiques au sud du Gabon (Ngounié), 1926-1993." Pau, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PAUU1002.
Full textSince 1920 to the biginning of 1990, southern region of Gabon( Ngounié) has known recurrent crisis ; they are short-term or structural but especially multiform : infectious, food, economic, demographic, etc. These different crisis manufacture significantly the evolution of demographic dynamics in the region, a dynamics evolution of which is correlate in crisis in this study are : mortality, natality, fecundity, circular or pendular migrations. Nevertheless, the weight of the "modernity", a dimension of these crisis, and various contexts corrupt the traditional society and its cultural landmarks, in spite of the reactivity of populations and a begun demographic transition. It is an original history which resounds until our days
Plata-Stenger, Véronique. "Une voie sociale pour le développement : le Bureau international du travail et les débuts de la coopération technique (1919-1949)." Thesis, Paris 10, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA100049.
Full textBased mainly on the exploitation of the ILO archives, this thesis analyzes the emergence of development discourses and practices at the international level between 1919 and 1949. This offers the opportunity to challenge several important presumptions of development historians with regard to the chronology of development and its ideological origins. This thesis focuses on the practical aspects of this emerging international technical cooperation. It analyzes in particular the technical assistance missions organized by the International Labour Office until the implementation of the United Nations’ Expanded Programme of Technical Assistance created in 1949, which was the first multilateral program of international development after World War II. This thesis pays special attention to the situations where ILO expertise played a role and to the international experts and ILO officials involved in the dissemination of technical knowledge. This thesis opens some new perspectives on the problem of international development from a social point of view
Soavi, Joseph. "De la crise de stabilisation à la crise des années 1930 : la conjoncture économique en France de 1926 à 1931." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010565.
Full textDiop, Samba. "La Stabilisation d'une économie globalisée instable : une contribution inspirée des travaux de H. P. Minsky." Amiens, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AMIE0056.
Full textOur thesis studies the articulation between the Financial Instability Hypothesis (FIH) and the Money Manager Capitalism (MMC) description in Minsky's work in order to précise his contributions to the debate of the 1997 Asian financial crisis and 2007 North American financial crisis. Our work contributes to financial crises analysis through the following results : 1- An inventory on FIH debate which points out the unresolved problem of micro-macro articulation leading us to underline the institutional dimension, in the light of Minsky's later works. 2- An analysis of contributions and limits of FIH analytic conséquences in the characterization of MMC, which clarifies Minsky's specificity in the post-Keynesian approach. 3- An identification of endogenous factors of the Asian crisis, according to these two interpretations (micro and macro) of the financial bases of capitalism's instability, which enables to illuminate the doxical character of the debate on the respective responsibilities of liberalization and the "quality" of institutions. 4-A review of post-Keynesian debate on endogenous/ exogenous character of the subprime crisis according to a pluralist approach reinforces the idea of path dependency on institutional change in finance. Our work presents an explanation of macroeconomic and institutional conditions of endogenous behaviours evolution leading to the crisis. This analysis replaces wage deflation at the heart of financial vulnerability and then on the normative debate
Ben, Hay Ali Michem. "La crise économique à travers les quotidiens tunisiens : 1985-1989 : essai d'analyse de contenu." Paris 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA020009.
Full textDuring the past ten years, tunisian dailies paid a big attention to the economic crisis. In the daily "le temps", it was shown by the importance of special layout. "la presse" (government newspaper) and "essabah" (arabic dailly) published more analytical articles and economic themes that may explain the crisis. "le renouveau" (official party daily) defended only the govenment point of view that denies the existence of such a crisis. This crisis was a delicate question, that's why these dailies print specific themes and developped many arguments to explain these facts without risking seizure or suspension. This permanent often made the newspapers develop themes favorable to the government. Only essabah did maintain some critical point of view
Bentabet, Fathi. "Les centres urbains d'Oranie en 1930-1939 : crise économique, salariés, mouvements sociaux et syndicalisme." Paris 13, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA131021.
Full textHekimian, Raphaël. "Contagion et intégration financière pendant l’entre-deux guerres : l’exemple de la Bourse de Paris." Thesis, Paris 10, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA100087/document.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to shed new light on how the Great Depression spread to Europe, and more particularly to France by relying on new historical financial data compiled from original source documents. In particular, we analyze the different transmission channels - stock markets, banking sector and international monetary system - of this crisis, in order to assess the respective role they have played in the impact of this crisis on French financial markets. We contribute empirically to this larger literature by providing evidence based on original historical data hand-collected from the archives of the Paris Stock Exchange.Several important results emerge from our work. Our analysis based on the stock markets shows, first, that the American stock market crash of 1929 had a low impact on the Paris stock exchange. Similarly, the French banking system, as a whole, remained quite resilient to the banking crisis of the beginning of the 1930s, mainly due to its strong specialization of the sector at that time. Finally, we show that the level of financial integration between the United States, France and Belgium - proxied by bilateral relationships between their equity markets - has tended to increase with the adoption by these countries of the Gold Exchange Standard. This high financial integration, coupled with economic policies constrained by the exchange rate regime, could explain how the Great Depression spread to Europe and why the economic crisis lasted longer in countries such as France or Belgium, compared to other major economies
Andreu, Maurice. "Sur la théorie de la "crise générale du capitalisme", la génèse du concept de "CGC" : contribution à une histoire des idées économiques dans l'Internationale Communiste de 1919 à 1929." Paris 13, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA131012.
Full textLorcin, Jean. "Économie et comportements sociaux et politiques : la région de Saint-Étienne : de la Grande dépression à la seconde Guerre mondiale." Paris 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA010690.
Full textKlee, Marcus. "Between the scylla and charybdis of anarchy and despotism, the state, capital, and the working class in the Great Depression, Toronto, 1929-1940." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ35966.pdf.
Full textMarineau, Sophie. "L'usage des sanctions économiques et diplomatiques dans la gestion des crises internationales : études des cas d'Afghanistan (1979) et d'Ukraine (2014)." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27745.
Full textToussaint, Jean-Yves. "Architecte-urbaniste en Algérie : un fragment de la crise algérienne." Phd thesis, Université de Nanterre - Paris X, 1993. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00452564.
Full textVolpé, Philippe. "L'ordre de Jacques-Cartier en Acadie du Nouveau-Brunswick durant la grande dépression, 1933-1939 : noyautage, extériorisation, discrétion et nationalisme économique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30314/30314.pdf.
Full textSmith, Bradley. "La Dialectique du néolibéralisme aux États-Unis : aux origines de « révolution conservatrice » et de la crise financière de 2008." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCA143/document.
Full textThis dissertation aims to study the economic, social, political and ideological transformations that have characterized the development of neoliberalism in the United States, from the rise of the conservative movement that brought Ronald Reagan to power in 1980 to the financial crisis of 2008. Neoliberalism can be defined as an ideology that claims the free market and the private sector to be superior to government intervention, as a package of economic policies that aim to liberate market forces from government constraints, and as a mode of governance based on corporate management practices. Although many studies have been published on neoliberalism, each of them tends to focus on a limited dimension of the subject, such as its ideological, political, or international dimension. Given this fragmentation, there is a lack of studies that attempt to understand the specific development of neoliberalism in the United States from a holistic point of view. In order to achieve this goal, Jean-Paul Sartre’s “progressive-regressive” method appears to be an effective approach. While Sartre developed this method as an epistemological tool for the humanities, few researchers have attempted to make use of it. By applying it to the study of American neoliberalism, this dissertation hopes to contribute not only to the knowledge a topical subject, but also to the development of new research methods in the field of civilizational studies
Ferreira, Antunes Sandrina. "New pragmatic nationalists in Europe: experienced flemish and scottish nationalists in times of economic crisis, 2004-2012." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209497.
Full textHowever, in the 21st century, as soon as a new European policy cycle started to emerge and the economic crisis started to cripple, experienced regional nationalists realized that they could use the benefits of regional economic resources in face of the European Economic strategy to justify further concessions of policy competences that are still shared, either in theory or in practice, as well as to argue for new ones. The political plan would consist of using the reference of the European Economic targets to deliver policies, which would allow them to legitimize their nationalist aspirations, in both layers of governance, as well as to induce regional citizens into their political plan so they can finally reach the legal threshold to endorse a new state reform. Moreover, since they were rationally bounded, in the sense that they were lacking the policy expertise to perform these goals, they have learned to rely on a policy narrative (Shabahan et al 2011; Jones and Beth 2010; Radaelli 2010) embedded in a territorial economic argument to make sense of an advocacy coalition framework (Sabatier and Jenkins-Smith 1993), using informal channels of regional interest intermediation as “cognitive” structures (Scot 1995a) to articulate a policy strategy to be implemented in Europe and at the regional level of governance.
Therefore, and irrespectively of nuanced constitutional settlements, all experienced regional nationalists have returned to the center, using informal channels as an instrument of governance (Salamon 2002) to clarify the best policy options to be implemented in both layers of governance. In other words, regional nationalists have become “policy satisficers” (Simon 1954) who have learned to forgo immediate satisfaction in Europe to collect major gains of political power across multiple layers of governance. If the term “usage” can be defined as the act of using something to achieve certain political goals (Jacquot and Wolf 2003), in this research, we will apply the concept of “usage” to demonstrate that experienced regional nationalists in government have moved from a rational to a cognitive “usage” of the European institutions to perform renewed political preferences across multiple layers of governance.
Departing from an actor centered institutionalist approach (Mayntz and Sharp 1997), we will demonstrate that the N-VA in Flanders, since 2004, and the SNP in Scotland, since 2007, have become new pragmatic nationalists. In that sense, we will argue that, in a clear contrast with pragmatic nationalists of the 90’s who expected to legitimize their nationalist aspirations in Europe by the means of a rational “usage” of the European institutions; experienced regional nationalists have become new pragmatic nationalists as they have learned to rely on a cognitive “usage” of the European institutions to legitimize their nationalist aspirations, no longer in Europe, but through Europe.
We will then conclude that in the 21st century, and against traditional dogmas of the 90’s, the “usage” of Europe by regional nationalists is cognitively twisted, economically driven and collectively performed. It embraces all experienced regional nationalist political parties in government, irrespectively of their constitutional settlement or nationalist credo, as long as they possess the ability to anchor a political strategy embedded in “identity” without sticking to strict politics of nationalism.
Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Bergeron, Marco. "Le nationalisme et les partis politiques dans l'élection provinciale québécoise de 1936." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq33570.pdf.
Full textZdzienicka, Aleksandra. "Vulnérabilités des nouveaux états membres de l’Union Européenne et processus d’adhésion à l’Euro." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO22014.
Full textAlthough the Central and Eastern European countries show in many respects increasing similarities to developed economies they still present some characteristics pointing to potential sources of increased financial vulnerability. The presence of these vulnerabilities has raised the discussion about whether early euro adoption could represent an effective policy remedy for the CEECs’ economies. Traditionally, in the sense of the Optimum Currency Area (OCA) Theory, the arguments vary between two points of view. On the one side, the EMU adhesion would have a beneficial effect eliminating exchange rate risks, giving a better access to external financing and attenuating the impact of financial crises. On the other side, EMU membership may not protect these countries against asymmetric shocks. In fact, in the case of (real) asymmetric shocks or asymmetric response to common (real and nominal) shocks, the output and employment costs of the euro adoption could be very high. The objective of this dissertation is to study these issues, focusing first on potential source of financial vulnerabilities, and then to assess the degree of the CEECs’ shock asymmetry to participate in debates on the euro adoption
Bernardo, Y. Garcia Luis Angel. "Le Ventre des Belges: miracle économique et restauration des forces de travail :origines et développement de la politique alimentaire du second immédiat après-guerre, 1914-1948." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209052.
Full textLe choix assumé par une Belgique solvable d’une « politique d’abondance » aux dépens d’une planification des investissements se démarque des choix opérés par la France, les Pays-Bas ou la Grande-Bretagne impécunieux mais obsédés par la modernisation de leurs appareils de production respectifs. L’objectif belge d’apporter à la population – à coup de subventions massives – l’indispensable puis l’utile mais aussi le superflu va se maintenir jusqu’à la libération progressive des transactions et des prix et participe à la restauration rapide de l’économie belge transformatrice et exportatrice. Dès la fin de la guerre en Europe, un apparent « miracle économique » se produit en Belgique avec la reprise rapide des exportations à destination des pays limitrophes. Le processus de restauration économique a été initié dès les premières semaines de la Libération grâce aux prestations massives aux armées alliées et le « remboursement » inespéré d’une partie conséquente de celles-ci après-guerre. Dès le début de l’année 1947, la production industrielle belge rattrape le niveau d’avant-guerre alors que les productions charbonnière et agricole restent à la traîne. La politique alimentaire du second immédiat après-guerre place le consommateur au centre de l’économie agricole et multiple les contraintes du côté de l’offre en matière de transactions et de prix. Encombrée par l’héritage de l’occupation – en dépit d’un droit d’inventaire – elle rencontrera une forte opposition de la part du secteur alimentaire et principalement le monde agricole et le petit commerce. Ceux-ci déploieront des stratégies défensives à la fois politiques et illégales. Ces dernières s’expriment essentiellement depuis l’occupation par le détournement d’une part conséquente des maigres disponibilités alimentaires au profit de l’ennemi et d’une minorité au fort pouvoir d’achat. Quant au monde ouvrier organisé qui constitue aux yeux de la puissance publique le principal acteur du côté de la demande alimentaire, il va contester dès la Libération la politique d’austérité et l’inéquité des sacrifices demandés au nom de la restauration du pays. En dépit d’une pacification convenue entre les élites patronales et syndicales en échange de réformes sociales et la participation loyale des communistes au pouvoir, la seconde sortie de guerre sera marquée par de nombreuses grèves « sauvages » débordant le cadre syndical réformiste et communiste.
À vrai dire, la politique alimentaire mise en œuvre au cours de la seconde libération et du second immédiat après-guerre – ainsi que les réponses apportées par l’offre et la demande – ne peuvent être étudiées et comprises qu’en convoquant les crises alimentaires précédentes depuis la première occupation que la Belgique fut la seule à connaître en Europe occidentale sur la plus grand partie de son territoire, à l’exception du petit voisin grand-ducal. Tant la puissance publique, les élites dirigeantes que le monde agricole ou encore le mouvement ouvrier sauront tirer les enseignements des expériences passées. Enfin, la production agricole de la Belgique structurellement dépendante des importations massives de céréales et autres aliments du bétail s’inscrit depuis la fin du XIXème siècle dans une économie alimentaire mondialisée. Les crises alimentaires des temps de (sortie de guerre) traversées par la petite économie transformatrice et exportatrice sont avant tout des crises des approvisionnements extérieurs marquées par leur diminution voire leur quasi disparition. Au cours du second immédiat après-guerre, la politique alimentaire de la Belgique – comme celle des autres grands pays importateurs français, britannique ou néerlandais – sera toujours aussi tributaire des approvisionnements extérieurs régulés depuis la guerre par les Grands Alliés anglo-saxons. Ceux-ci passeront le relais en 1946 aux organismes internationaux gravitant autour des Nations Unies jusqu’aux abondantes récoltes mondiales de l’An 1948.
Doctorat en Histoire, art et archéologie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Cojocaru, Corina. "Les régimes parlementaires et le mécanisme constitutionnel en Europe centrale et orientale : Albanie, Estonie, Hongrie, Lettonie, Moldavie et République Tchèque." Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA01A260.
Full textHatmi, Zeineb. "La Banque islamique comme réponse à l'instabilité de l'économie de crédit." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EHES0065/document.
Full textThe goal of this PhD is to analyze the Islamic bank model as a possible solution to the credit economy instability. Reading the subprime crisis through the post Keynesian model of Minsky-Kindleberger lenses allows us to assert that the Financial Instability Hypothesis (HIF) leads to proposals for financial crises management. If crises are inherent in capitalism, it becomes necessary and urgent to set up institutions able of managing financial perturbations. The monetary reforms suggested over time by economists and the Bale III committee too raises the problem of banking development. If money is separated from the financial credit, as in the example of Fisher (1935) and his followers monetary reforms shows, we run into the problem of the credit multiplier while the systemic risk is weak and the necessity of the lender of last resort in this system is questioned. Whereas, if money is not separated from the financial credit, as in the case of monetary reforms proposed by instruments of management such as those suggested by Minsky (1982), Kindleberger, Aglietta and Moutot (1993), Aglietta (2011) and Bale III, the systemic risk persists and this is, after all, the lender in the last resort who may assume the objective of the financial system’s stability in general by uttering of the ultimate liquidity. The development study of the two cases of Islamic banks, those in Saudi Arabia and those in Pakistan, showed the confrontation of these banks of the same problems noticed in the western finance. In fact, if money is separated from the financial credit, which is the case in Pakistan, Islamic banks are less vulnerable to systemic risk and are less efficient. While if money is not separated from the financial credit, as in Saudi Arabia, Islamic banks are more vulnerable to systemic risk and more efficient. However, even if the Islamic bank does not respond to the systemic risk of the Hypothesis of the Credit Economy’s instability, it answers as even to the systemic crises of this hypothesis. Hence, in all cases, it cannot lead to a systemic crisis similar to the subprime one. This is due to the fact that specification of the Islamic financial system instrument, in contrast to the instrument of the conventional financial system, is less vulnerable to the systemic crisis
Séguin, Louis-Philippe. "Le discours de la presse d'affaires francophone à propos de la crise économique (1929-1935)." Mémoire, 2012. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/4606/1/M12418.pdf.
Full textDaigle, Sylvie. "L'administration du secours direct durant la crise des années 1930 à Montréal : les enquêtes de 1937." Mémoire, 2012. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/5045/1/M12584.pdf.
Full textVillarello, Moreno Selene. "La globalisation financière au Mexique : une plus grande intégration à l'Amérique du Nord est-elle favorable à un pays émergent?" Mémoire, 2007. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/4847/1/M9846.pdf.
Full textDompierre-Major, Laurence. "Impact de la crise économique de 2008-2009 sur le modèle de développement proposé par les institutions financières internationales en Afrique subsaharienne : rupture ou continuité?" Mémoire, 2012. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/4580/1/M12387.pdf.
Full textRicard, Jan Frans. "Crise, néolibéralisme et démocratie en Équateur : les perspectives de développement à l'heure de la mondialisation." Mémoire, 2006. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/3014/1/M9312.pdf.
Full textCalero, Jean-Paul. "Le choix entre une zone de libre-échange et une union douanière : causes et impacts de la crise péruvienne dans le pacte andin durant les années 1990." Mémoire, 2007. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/4840/1/M9803n.pdf.
Full textRacette, Jean-Christophe. "Contrôler le logement, contrôler la Ville : l’intervention en matière de salubrité des logements à Montréal, 1930-1939." Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/20684.
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