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Otchakovsky-Laurens, François. "S'assembler, tenir conseil, enregistrer : la construction de l'autorité municipale à Marseille à la faveur des crises du XIVe siècle (1348-1385)." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM3066.
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Les années 1348-1385 sont marquées à Marseille par une situation prolongée de crise multiforme, qui prend le caractère politique de déstabilisation durable du pouvoir souverain angevin. Dans ce contexte s'affirme l'autorité de l'assemblée municipale comme le lieu du gouvernement de la ville. Alors que les officiers royaux sont contraints de s'effacer, le conseil de ville s'approprie une part grandissante de gouvernement autonome, et consolide le statut marseillais d'exception par rapport au reste de la Provence. Pour y parvenir, le conseil s'appuie sur les rituels et pratiques de l'assemblée, de délibération, de serment et de désignation d'individus chargés de mettre en œuvre les ordonnances adoptées. Un grand nombre d'habitants participent à l'activité de l'assemblée, à des degrés et selon des modalités bien distinctes, définies par un petit groupe de dirigeants du conseil. Ces derniers appartiennent aux élites de la fortune et de la puissance, auxquelles sont adjoints notaires et praticiens du droit. La progression de la légitimité du gouvernement communal est en outre assurée par sa capacité à manier les outils scripturaires, depuis les Statuts de la ville jusqu'aux écrits de l'administration quotidienne, dont la circulation définit un régime de normativité spécifique. L'enregistrement des séances, bien que concis, s'avère l'outil décisif de cette construction de l'autorité par l'écrit. Autour des registres délibératifs gravitent les multiples pièces administratives et juridiques qui assurent l'institutionnalisation du gouvernement de la ville<br>In Marseilles, the years 1348 - 1385 are marked by a prolonged multifaceted crisis which takes on the form of sustained political destabilization of the Angevine sovereign power. It is in this context that the authority of the municipal assembly as local government is asserted. At the same time as the royal officers are being forced to withdraw, the city council assumes an ever larger role as an autonomous government, and consolidates the exceptional status of Marseilles relative to the rest of Provence. To carry out its role, the council relies on the rituals and practices of assembling, deliberating, taking oaths, and designating individuals in charge of implementing adopted ordinances. A large group of inhabitants participate in the council's activities in clearly defined degrees and manners determined by a small group of council leaders. The latter belong to an elite of fortune and power as well as notaries and lawmakers. The strengthening of the legitimacy of municipal government is furthermore assured by its ability to compose written documents, from city statutes to daily administration, the circulation of which defines its own system of norms. The recording of sessions, although concise, proved to be a decisive tool in establishing the authority. In addition to recordings of deliberations, multiple administrative and judicial documents participate in insuring the institutionalisation of city government
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Brownlee, Kevin. "Literary Intertextualities in 14th-Century French Song." Bärenreiter Verlag, 1998. https://slub.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A36844.
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Thomas, Richard. "Aspects of prostitution in 13th and 14th century England /." Title page, table of contents and introduction only, 1991. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09art4612.pdf.
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Fahy, Brian. "Holistic shipwreck assemblages in 14th and 15th century Southeast Asia." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:4a26a290-3bd3-423d-9e30-18bf314aeac8.
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The ceramic trade throughout Medieval Southeast Asia was prolific. Terrestrial sites have yielded massive amounts of ceramic material and the archaeological reports of shipwreck cargoes corroborate the versatile and extensive qualities of trade ceramics in the region. The sheer quantity of ceramic artefacts found in shipwreck assemblages, paired with a well-researched framework of the aesthetic, demonstrates that we rely heavily on ceramic data to date wrecks and establish regional trading patterns. While ceramics typically represent the bulk of the recovered material in these instances, many other types of material are present in the various assemblages. Yet these "lesser" materials suffer from a lack of investigation and, therefore, play virtually no role in the archaeological and historical assessment of the ship, its cargo, and its relationship to the maritime economy of the period. While ceramic studies may provide a general overview, a consideration of the other material provides subtlety and nuance to the analysis. This case study focuses on the non-ceramic assemblages for six shipwrecks from the 14th and 15th Centuries of Southeast Asia (three Chinese-built and three Southeast Asian-styled junks). The typological study of the metallurgical, organic and geological material from these wrecks can complement much of the work surrounding existing trade models as well as reveal new concepts of crew life, belief systems and culture. These facets come together to offer a more holistic narrative as well as stimulating the need within the region for more study regarding the locations where past peoples mined and manufactured raw metals. The thesis will also consider the motivations behind the excavators of these projects and what role this plays in the interpretation of the non-ceramic material. One wreck was excavated by treasure hunters, one was done by an amateur archaeologist and a curator, and a third was excavated by a governmental organization. Two excavations were conducted by a non-profit foundation in conjunction with a National Museum and a final one was a purely academic excavation. Each party brings their own experiences and motivations to the excavation and therefore the systems of collection, curation, and conservation weigh heavily and are varied. These factors can determine what priorities each excavator brings to the analysis of excavated objects and the extent to which this effects the subsequent interpretation of the shipwreck.
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Stavrou, Athanasia. "Socio-economic conditions in 14th and 15th century Thessalonike : a new approach." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2011. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/1630/.
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The thesis deals with the socio-economic conditions prevailing in the city of Thessalonikê in the 14th and 15th centuries. One of the main aims is to address certain methodological issues linked to the period of transition from the Byzantine to the Ottoman Empire. In this effort, we have employed as an analytical tool the economic theory of New Institutional Economics, which lays significant importance in the study of the institutional framework of societies. The main strands of the thesis are two: firstly, the exploration of the ideological concerns, internal conflicts and response of the Thessalonian society to the changing political environment until the final subjection of the city to the Ottoman Turks in 1430. Secondly, the behaviour of the Thessalonian elite in terms of social and economic practice through an examination of its relationship with the Athonite monasteries and the Late Byzantine state. Our ultimate goal is to shed light on the way provincial elite of Thessalonikê adapted to the political and economic conditions that prevailed in the Late Byzantine period.
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Olsen, Rasmus Bech. "Just taxes? : tracing 14th century Damascene politics through objects, space and historiography." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 2017. http://bbktheses.da.ulcc.ac.uk/286/.
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In this thesis, I explore the political culture in Damascus during the 7th/13th and 8th/14th centuries by examining the symbolic practices through which sultanic rulers and their subjects negotiated local power relations. As my point of departure, I use a protest against Mamluk tax policies that took place in 711/1311. I argue that this protest should not be understood as a spontaneous outburst of popular anger, but as a meaningful political act that reflects the wider political culture of the period and lends itself to interpretation of multiple levels. First, I demonstrate how the 711 protesters engaged in a multi-layered form of visual communication by carrying objects that referenced local identity, contemporary politics and Islamic history. I then contextualise the protest within the urban landscape of medieval Damascus. By exploring the historical development of procession routes and parade grounds in Damascus, I argue that the choice of venue that characterised this and later protests was based on a desire to appropriate spatial nodes in the topography of sultanic power. I then turn to the Umayyad Mosque as the antithesis of the ceremonial culture of the military parade ground. I argue that the protesters of 711 used visual references to the mosque in their procession, especially by placing the khaṭīb (Friday preacher) as leader of the procession, but that his participation must also be understood in the light of his wider socio-political role. Finally, I examine the narrative sources through which we access this and other political events in Mamluk Damascus. I argue that the use of these narratives as a source for political history must be accompanied by a comparison of how individual authors frame the same events and critical reflection on how representations of historical events are shaped by and shape the overarching agendas of their respective works.
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Bright, Christopher. "A study of three 14th century English translations based on the Latin Vulgate /." Title page and introduction only, 1993. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09arb855.pdf.
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Williams, John Alfred. "The Irish Astronomical Tract: A Case Study of Scientific Terminology in 14th Century Irish." University of Sydney. Dept of Celtic Studies, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/515.
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SYNOPSIS Included in this work, is a general historical overview of the development of astronomical knowledge in the West from the realms of Greek scholarship in classical times through to the Renaissance and the threshold of modern physics. The subject matter of both the Irish Tract and this review extends beyond the strict confines of astronomy, encompassing the physical sciences in general. The extent of astronomical knowledge in medieval Ireland is given specific attention with a review of scholarly works in Latin since the seventh century. This includes a number of specialist studies on astronomical topics and related cosmographical fields. Also included are numerous incidental references to astronomical matters from both Irish and Latin literature during the Middle Ages. Attention is devoted to the surviving manuscript copies of the Tract and the question of its sources, origin and purpose. A possible Dominican context for the compilation and dissemination of the Tract is considered. A detailed commentary of the technical content of each chapter is presented, together with reference to contemporary developments in the West and to the occasional clues as to the institutional, geographical and chronological origins of the Tract. A study of the technical terminology used by the Irish compiler is presented in detail. Reference is made both to earlier Irish terminology where appropriate, as well as to the limitations imposed by the fact that many of the scientific concepts were yet to attain clarity that came with the advent of Newtonian physics, Copernican astronomy and post-Colombian geography. The data entries on ms Stowe B are evaluated and compared with computer generated data of astronomical movements in the 14th and 15th centuries with a view to ascertaining the time of compilation of the Tract and its working life. A A revised English translation of the Tract is included in the appendices together with Maxwell Close's unpublished commentary to relevant portions. An Irish edition, closely following the ITS edition of 1914 is also included. Corruptions to the text are footnoted together with the likely run of the original text.
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Campbell, Jill. "Architectural design and exterior display in gentry houses in 14th - and 15th -century England." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.579771.
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This thesis examined the architectural design and exterior display in gentry houses in fourteenth- and fifteenth-century England. The research investigated how and why the exterior of these buildings were designed, and outlined the methods medieval builders and architects used in order to achieve this. It considered the argument that the design of the exterior of these houses was driven by the rise of the nouveaux riches who used it to display their status. Late medieval England was an era of increasing social mobility amongst the upper levels of society. As this group grew, it became increasingly important for the newly enriched familes to display their position through their home, and for the existing members to keep up with the latest developments and styles. The implications of the results in this thesis are wide reaching. No longer can it be claimed that the houses of the late medieval gentry were not designed. This is a study of breadth rather than depth which seeks to identify general principles informing the planning of elevations, rather than undertake a detailed study of a single building. Consequently, seven sites were studied from which a total of eleven architectural devices were recorded. Devices such as in-filling the facade with gables, and the creation of a central point on the exterior around which an axis of symmetry was formed, were used to establish a sense of balance. This suggested that presenting a balanced outward face was important in the medieval period, and was not confined to the post-medieval period. This thesis emphasised the need for scholars to go back and study houses that were believed to be relatively well understood, particularly those that fit the conventional models, to look for elements of design that may not have been previously recognised.
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Ellis, Robert. "Verba Vana : empty words in Ricardian London." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2012. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/8821.
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Verba Vana, or ‘empty words’, are named as among the defining features of London by a late fourteenth-century Anglo-Latin poem which itemises the properties of seven English cities. This thesis examines the implications of this description; it explores, in essence, what it meant to live, work, and especially write, in an urban space notorious for the vacuity of its words. The thesis demonstrates that anxieties concerning the notoriety of empty words can be detected in a wide variety of surviving urban writings produced in the 1380s and 1390s. These include anxieties not only about idle talk – such as janglynge, slander, and other sins of the tongue – but also about the deficiencies of official discourses which are partisan, fragmentary and susceptible to contradiction and revision. This thesis explores these anxieties over the course of four discrete chapters. Chapter one, focusing on Letter-Book H, Richard Maidstone’s Concordia and Geoffrey Chaucer’s Cook’s Tale, considers how writers engaged with the urban power struggles that were played out on Cheapside. Chapter two, examining the 1388 Guild Petitions, considers how the London guilds legitimised their textual endeavours and argues that the famous Mercers’ Petition is a translation of the hitherto-ignored Embroiderers’ Petition. Chapter three, looking at several works by Chaucer, John Gower, the Monk of Westminster and various urban officials, explores the discursive space that emerges following justified and unjustified executions. Chapter four, focusing on Chaucer’s Squire’s Tale and John Clanvowe’s Boke of Cupide, contends that the crises of speech and authority that these poems dramatise can be productively read within the context of the Merciless Parliament of 1388. Through close textual analysis, this thesis analyses specific responses to the prevalence of empty words in the city, while also reflecting more broadly on the remarkable cultural, linguistic, social, and political developments witnessed in this period.
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Fahey, Kathleen Agnes. "Some shorter satirical poems in English from the thirteenth to the early sixteenth centuries." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1993. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:15454664-6d83-483e-93ac-025843416231.
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The aim of this thesis is to provide a thorough introduction to shorter satirical poetry in Middle English, and also to provide stimulus and material for further study in this somewhat neglected area of medieval English literature. The thesis presents 83 newly transcribed, edited and annotated shorter (approximately 200 ll. or less) poems, which have never before been collected. Strictly political poems, more properly the subject of a separate study, are not included, nor are the poems of Dunbar, Skelton, Henryson and Hoccleve, which are available in excellent editions. The poems are loosely grouped according to the subjects they satirize: clergy, women and marriage, money and venality, rogues and fools, specific people, and medical recipes. A lengthy introduction briefly discusses the problem of defining satire in the Middle English period before going on to discuss the background of medieval satire for each group. For each poem there are notes which clarify difficult points as well as give information on the manuscripts and editions in which the poem appears. Appendix A prints a not hitherto recognized parody of Lydgate's A Valentine to Our Lady with the text of Lydgate's poem facing, and discusses some of the difficulties of recognizing parody in Middle English in light of this particular example. Appendix B is an index which attempts to list all nonnarrative satirical verse in English which appeared between the thirteenth and early sixteenth centuries. A glossary of difficult words in the texts is included.
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Jones, Lori K. "Exploring Concepts of Contagion and the Authority of Medical Treatises in 14th-16th Century England." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23212.
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This thesis examines whether and how historians’ reliance on medical treatises has limited the historiography of contagion as it relates to fourteenth through sixteenth century England. It analyses the context, contents, audience, and codicology of six English tractates, four on the plague and two on the sweating sickness. Before the early seventeenth century, most English tractates were translations/adaptations of Continental works, with ‘uniquely English’ content added. Although the plague dominates studies of pre-modern disease, focusing on the plague hinders comparative analyses that can reveal much about contemporary understanding of contagion. The socio-political-professional contexts in which the tractates were written and disseminated affected their contents, circulation and, ultimately, audiences. Although largely ignored by historians, the tractates’ prefatory dedications, together with their codicology, reveals that the texts were likely accessible to non-elite audiences. Rather than being limited to its medical sense, contagion formed part of the larger discourse about the human condition.
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Dziwenka, Ronald James. "'The Last Light of Indian Buddhism' - The Monk Zhikong in 14th Century China and Korea." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195705.
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This dissertation investigates the northeast Indian Buddhist Monk, Dhyanabhadra (Zhikong, Kor. Jigong, Sunyadisaya, ca. 1289-1364 C.E.). He began his more than a decade of study in the Nalanda Mahavihara education system late in the 13th century, and then at the age of nineteen began a journey to the east and a life that would lead to him being known as "the last light of Indian Buddhism" in East Asia.This study is inspired by two goals. One is to retrace the formation, dissemination and reception of his thought and soteriological paradigm of practice from his native state of Magadha, then Sri Lanka, and then throughout India, Yuan China and Goryeo Korea. The other is it explicate the main elements and concepts of his thought and present them to the academic community.I examine Zhikong's thought through my translations and discussions of key passages from three primary source texts on him, as well as other writings, in order to situate his Buddhist thought and practice within the historical context of Buddhism in the Yuan capital and Goryeo. I propose that Zhikong's representative paradigm of practice, based on the "(neither arising nor) non-arising precepts (wusheng jie)" system, emphasized a socio-ethical approach that viewed the realization of awakening as available to the laity as well as monks. He was especially attracted to minoritized or marginalized peoples in Yuan society, specifically members of the Goryeo expatriate community in the Yuan capital of Dadu (Beijing). I argue that the elements and concepts of Zhikong's representative "(neither arising nor) non-arising precepts" system more closely resemble those of late-Goryeo Buddhism's "bodhisattva precepts" system than those of Yuan-period Chinese Chan's "pure rules of Chan" precepts system.
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M'Mbogori, Freda Nkirote Joy. "Population and Ceramic Traditions : Revisiting the Tana Ware of Coastal Kenya (7th-14th Century AD)." Thesis, Paris 10, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA100185/document.
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Cette thèse se démarque des études traditionnelles des assemblages céramiques archéologiques conduites au Kenya qui mettent l’accent sur les décorations et les formes. L’approche ici privilégiée est l’approche technologique. Elle a pour objectif d’offrir des informations additionnelles sur une poterie dont la caractérisation ethno-linguistique soulève des débats contradictoires. Cette thèse pose la question de l’origine de la « Tana Ware » (7ème siècle avant JC), où le terme de « ware » décrit un ensemble d’attributs intrinsèques (style et matériau). En appliquant l’approche technologique à la Tana ware, cette recherche a pour objectif : -d’une part de tester l’hypothèse d’Abungu (1989) d’après laquelle la Tana ware est une production des groupes Cushitic,-d’autre part de tester l’hypothèse de Chami (1994) d’après laquelle la Tana ware est une production des groupes Bantu.La thèse ici présentée aboutit aux résultats suivants : 1. La Tana Ware a été faite par des groupes Bantu ; 2. Le groupe Meru-Tigania dont la tradition est proche de celle de la Tana ware pourrait correspondre à un groupe qui vécu sur la côte jusqu’au 17ème siècle ; 3. Les décorations de la Tana ware ont été empruntées auprès des Cushitic. Cette thèse avance que ces emprunts sont issus d’interactions entre les deux groupes ethnolinguistiques durant l’âge de fer ou même avant ; 4. les interactions entre les deux groupes ont pu être de l’ordre non seulement du contact, mais aussi du mariage, la technique de façonnage du colombin pour faire le bord, telle qu’elle est observable sur la Tana ware, ayant pu résulter d’un emprunt auprès des Cushitic. Cet emprunt pourrait précéder l’âge du Fer et ne concerner qu’une partie du groupe Bantu. Les résultats obtenus au cours de cette thèse ouvrent dès à présent de nouvelles perspectives pour identifier les groupes ethnolinguistiques qui ont participé au peuplement du Kenya. En particulier, ils invitent à revoir les assemblages céramiques Urewe, Kwale et Gatung’ang’a considérés jusqu’à présent comme des marqueurs de l’expansion Bantu<br>This thesis is a departure from the traditional archaeological pottery analysis in Kenya, where emphasis has been on decorations and forms. It uses a technological approach to offer additional information on Bantu pottery whose social boundary has been a cause of disagreement between different researchers. Pottery decorations and forms have been/are still powerful instruments in defining archaeological spatial and temporal distribution of prehistoric populations, but the ability of these attributes as social boundary markers is limited by their overt visibility on the finished product. Whilst this explicit visibility is an advantage for archaeologists who seek to explore temporal and spatial distributions of different wares, it is also disadvantageous since it makes it possible for communities which are socially, ethnically, and linguistically distinct to copy from each other hence making these two salient pottery features unreliable indicators of social boundaries. Therefore, this study puts emphasis on the forming stage, which is not obvious on the finished product and must be learnt by apprenticeship only through kinship, as demonstrated by numerous ethnographic studies. Using chaîne opératoire as an analytical tool for archaeological material and ethnographic, experimental and ethno-historical data as reference and interpretive tools, this study sought to establish the social boundaries of makers of Tana ware which is a disputed Iron Age pottery of Bantu speakers. Some archaeologists attribute its origins to Bantu speakers whilst others attribute it to Cushitic speakers. Archaeological data was collected from Manda and Ungwana sites assemblages and ethnographic reference data was collected from Cushitic and Bantuspeakers from the Coastal and Highland regions of Kenya. Ethno-historical data was derived from library resources while experimental data were obtained from the field. This study demonstrated that due to the nature of archaeological peopling and interactions which exposed different ethnolinguistic groups to material cultures of the other, borrowing of cultural traits took place causing distinct populations to have pottery of similar decorations and forms. It has also demonstrated that pottery chaîne opératoire can show population continuity or discontinuity from archaeological to modern times. Most importantly, this thesis has demonstrated that Tana ware has its origins from Bantu speakers, and that its decorations have their origins from Cushitic speakers. It has also confirmed the movement of Meru ethnic group from the Coast of Kenya to Mt. Kenya region, by providing tangible data to linguistic, historical and oral evidences. The last part of this work gives directions of future research on pottery analysis in Kenya, and outlines some questions pertaining to Bantu and Cushitic speakers which remain to be answered
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Standen, David Charles. "'Libelius de rebus gestis Glastoniensibus', attributed to Adam of Damerham, a monk of Glastonbury, edited with introduction and critical notes." Thesis, University of London, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312271.
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Cohen, M. Z. "Jewish wills and testaments in biblical and post-biblical times up to the 14th century C.E. /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2006. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19171.pdf.
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Foundoulakis, Vassiliki. "The icon of orthodoxy in the British Museum : an example of late 14th century Constantinopolitan art." Thesis, Courtauld Institute of Art (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.298221.
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Tonghini, Christina. "Qal'at Ja'bar pottery : a study of a Syrian fortified site of the late 11th-14th century." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.294859.
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Reid, Jessica. "The Fortunes of a King: Images of Edward the Confessor in 12th to 14th Century England." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/34197.
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This thesis is an iconographic study of Saint-King Edward the Confessor. It focuses on the political and devotional functions of his images in twelfth to fourteenth century England. The images are not concerned with the historical Anglo-Saxon King, but rather depict an idealized and simplified version of Edward. The discrepancies between Edward, the Anglo-Saxon monarch, and his representation in the twelfth to fourteenth centuries provide insight into how he was perceived at the time.
Spanning the reigns of King Henry I to King Richard II, this unique study assembles both royal and ecclesiastical images of Edward to compare and contrast their intended purposes and messages. The study explores the role that Westminster Abbey had in the emergence, adoption, and transformation of Edward’s cult images, and it examines how the English crown subsequently adopted Edward as a saint-king figure under King Henry III and King Richard II. Furthermore, the study reveals elements of cooperation between Westminster Abbey and King Henry III in the presentation and interpretation of Edward’s image. In particular, the first images of Edward as a saint-king were part of a wider hagiographic image cycle developed in Westminster Abbey. The images incorporated Edward’s status as both a king and saint to promote cooperation between the Abbey and the monarchy. Similarly, coronation portraits of King Edward promoted Edward as an ideal king; these images embraced peaceful, Solomonic, and clergy-supported kingship. King Henry III’s images of Edward, found throughout his castles and palaces, built upon Westminster’s format and his messages maintained cooperation with the clergy.
The images evolved under King Richard II as Edward was removed from his hagiographic context. Richard’s images of Edward were personal and self-serving, and Edward became a justification of Richard’s independent and sacral style of kingship. The images evolved from promoting Edward’s style of sainthood and kingship to providing overt divine support for Richard’s reign. This image study illuminates the symbolic purpose of Edward in Medieval English society and how his image was constructed and embraced by Westminster Abbey and the monarchy.
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Selinger, William. "Philosophers in Parliament: The Crises of Eighteenth-Century Constitutionalism and the Nineteenth-Century Liberal Parliamentary Tradition." Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:23845479.
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A crucial commitment of nineteenth-century French and English liberalism was to parliamentary government. Liberal authors including Benjamin Constant, John Stuart Mill, Francois Guizot, and Walter Bagehot all specifically advocated constitutional structures in which cabinet officials sat as legislative representatives, and required the “confidence” of the legislature to remain in office. This dissertation offers a historical account of how liberal political thinkers came to favor parliamentary government. It elucidates the arguments and normative commitments that influenced liberals to embrace parliamentary institutions, and demonstrates their continuing relevance to political theory. One particularly important liberal value was deliberation. Liberal authors were convinced that parliamentary government was more conducive to political deliberation than other forms of representative government, including American “presidentialism.”
The first half of the dissertation examines the origins of parliamentary liberalism in eighteenth-century Britain and France. In Britain, I argue, liberal theories of parliamentary government originated in debates over legislative patronage. Defenders of patronage, such as David Hume and Robert Walpole, argued for the value of the king’s ministers serving in Parliament. Opponents of patronage, such as Henry Bolingbroke, argued that Parliament had to be able to regularly and habitually force out ministers. Both sides of this debate found themselves articulating a strikingly parallel idea: that the relationship between executive and legislature powers had to be worked out entirely within the legislature. I show that in France, this same idea became an important element of political thought because of the constitutional failures of the French Revolution. After 1789, the French National Assembly instituted a strict separation between legislative and executive power. As in the United States, executive officers were prohibited from sitting in the legislature. The legislature was also given no regular way of influencing ministerial appointments. The failure of such constitutional arrangements led political thinkers including Jacques Necker and Germaine de Staël to argue that the worst consequences of the French Revolution could have been avoided if France had adopted parliamentary-style institutions. A similar argument was advanced by Edmund Burke, who became a crucial figure in the liberal parliamentary traditions of both England and France.
The second half of the dissertation explores the sophisticated theories of parliamentary government that were expressed by nineteenth-century liberal authors such as Constant, Guizot, Bagehot, and Mill. I also detail the complex position of Alexis de Tocqueville—an admirer of American constitutionalism who preferred parliamentary government for France—within parliamentary liberalism. These liberal thinkers disagreed over the role of ministers in a parliamentary assembly; over how to deal with challenges like corruption and cabinet instability; and over whether democracy and parliamentarism could be compatible. But they were convinced that non-parliamentary forms of representative government were defective at promoting deliberation, and led to destructive conflicts between executive and legislature. Their arguments remain an important resource for Americans trying to understand the recurrent pathologies of our political culture and institutions.<br>Government
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Westerman, Molly Cooper Pamela. "Narrating historians crises of historical authority in twentieth-century British fiction /." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,1792.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008.<br>Title from electronic title page (viewed Sep. 16, 2008). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of English and Comparative Literature." Discipline: English; Department/School: English.
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Andreas, Repeta, and Palm Carl. "Capital flows during times of crises : A study of 21st century economic crises and their impact on FDI-flows." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-434216.
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Foreign direct investment has been sharply affected by the global SARS-CoV-19 pandemic, as quarantine measures have decimated global trade, aviation and domestic economies through lockdowns which have wreaked havoc on markets. Macroeconomic indicators including GDP growth rates, unemployment, business confidence, consumer confidence, retail sales and inflation have all been negatively affected due to the simultaneous supply & demand shock caused by the pandemic. Economic crises are a regularly occurring feature, with a degree of cyclicality determining their emergence. The uniqueness of crises, in their appearance and dissipation, stems from a large variance in relevant macroeconomic, fundamental and societal factors giving rise to the crisis in the first place, with the uniqueness being bound and pertinent to a selected period of time in history under which they occurred. In this thesis we explored the impact of the two most significant economic crises of the 21st century, the Great Recession and the ongoing SARS-CoV-19 pandemic and their impact on capital flows, specifically on FDI-flows in two developed markets and two emerging markets. Our findings suggest that FDI-flows display a high synchronicity with stages of economic cycles, and tend to decrease during economic recessions and increase during economic expansions.
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King, Jeanie. "Medieval polyphony : an inquiry into humanity's technical and creative progression through the lens of the fourteenth century manucript Roman de Fauvel, BN 146." Ohio Dominican University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=odu1351082345.
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Witt, Jeffrey Charles. "Between Faith and Knowledge: "Theological Knowledge" in Gregory of Rimini and his Fourteenth-Century Context." Thesis, Boston College, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/2622.
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Thesis advisor: Jean-Luc Solère<br>This dissertation pursues a philosophical analysis of the epistemic claims of the discipline of theology--a intellectual discipline whose unique identity was being crafted in the high and late Middle Ages. In particular, this study focuses on how the theologian can both rely on "faith" and "authority" while also claiming to acquire a kind of knowledge that the simple believer does not have. The prologue to Sentences Commentary of the Augustinian, Gregory of Rimini, is the focal point of the dissertation, since the "prologue" is the typical place for theologians to philosophically reflect on the nature of their discipline. However, Rimini will be considered carefully in light of his fourteenth-century context. The study will look specifically at those thinkers Rimini directly engages with: namely, Aquinas, Duns Scotus, Peter Aureoli, William of Ockham and Adam Wodeham. But, in light of Rimini's status as an Augustinian hermit, the study will also be attentive to the tradition of Augustinian theologians that precede Rimini; most notably, this is Giles of Rome, star pupil of Aquinas and the intellectual father of the Augustinian Order<br>Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2012<br>Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences<br>Discipline: Philosophy
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Neuzil, Anna A. "In the aftermath of migration assessing the social consequences of late 13th and 14th century population movements into southeastern Arizona /." Find on the web (viewed on Oct. 2, 2008), 2005. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu%5Fetd%5F1351%5F1%5Fm.pdf&type=application/pdf.
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Neuzil, Anna Astrid. "In the Aftermath of Migration: Assessing the Social Consequences of Late 13th and 14th Century Population Movements into Southeastern Arizona." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194187.
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This dissertation examines an instance of population movement from northeastern Arizona to the Safford and Aravaipa valleys of southeastern Arizona in the late thirteenth and fourteenth centuries in order to understand the scale at which these migrations occurred, as well as the effect these migrations had on the expression of identity of both migrant and indigenous groups. Previous research indicated that at least one group of migrants from the Kayenta and Tusayan areas of northeastern Arizona arrived in the Safford Valley in the last decades of the thirteenth century. The research presented here found that several other parties of puebloan migrants arrived in both suprahousehold level and household level groups during the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, first settling independently of local populations, and then intermingling with local populations at mixed settlements. Initially, as migrant and indigenous populations remained segregated from each other, their pre-migration identities were maintained, and each group remained distinct. However, as these populations began to live together at mixed settlements, they renegotiated their identities in order to deal with the day-to-day realities of living with groups of people with whom they had no previous experience. Through this process, migrant and indigenous groups formed a new identity that incorporated elements of the pre-migration identities of both groups. With these results, a model of the effects of migration on identity was created and refined to allow the social consequences of migration to be better understood.
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Brookshaw, Dominic Parviz. "Hāfiẓ and his contemporaries : a comparative study of poetry on love and wine in 14th century Shīrāz." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.479424.
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Wright, Elaine Julia. "The look of the book : manuscript production in the southern Iranian city of Shiraz from the early-14th century to 1452." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390372.
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Lunde, Kristin Scheel. "13th-14th century Yuan and Mongol silk-gold textiles : transcultural consumption, meaning and reception in the Mongol empire and in Europe." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2018. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/30322/.
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This thesis examines the material and visual characteristics of silk-gold textiles produced in the Mongol empire during the 13th and 14th century. Their consumption and reception both within and beyond the Mongol empire is a central theme. Beginning with a discussion of the various consumption patterns of gold textiles and their multiple uses among the members of the Mongol elite, I then examine the eclectic gold designs and ornaments of the textiles and their symbolic representations in relation to aesthetics, cosmology and identity. The movement and transformation of gold textiles beyond the Mongol Empire is explored the second half and European consumption pattern are shown to share some similarities with the patterns of consumption practices discovered in the Mongol Empire. The comparative approach utilized here is new but these gold textiles have, in the past, been studied as products of one location, and categorized accordingly. Generally they have been assigned geographical and cultural provenances based on their stylistic features and their technical features. For this reason, gold textiles are often assigned to specific locations of production. This thesis challenges this practice and argues that concepts such as identity, authenticity, provenance and hybridity remain undependable measures when evaluating gold textiles from the Mongol period.
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Budge, Andrew Lindsay. "Change in architectural style : the adoption of macro- and micro-architectural motifs in 14th-century collegiate churches in England and Wales." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 2017. http://bbktheses.da.ulcc.ac.uk/247/.
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Why does architectural style change? This question, once of critical concern to architectural historians, has been of peripheral interest to more recent scholarship. In re-opening the question, with the emphasis on the adoption of new motifs rather than their invention, this thesis aims to contribute to a greater understanding of the causes of change and to extend the methodological apparatus with which the question can be tackled. The empirical base for the study is a previously untapped resource: the sixty-six collegiate churches founded in the 14th century in England and Wales. The diachronic investigation of the changes in architectural motifs observed in these churches is complemented by the use of techniques drawn from other disciplines, such as population-level analysis and the use of frequency-distribution graphs. Two of the churches, Edington and St Mary’s, Warwick, neither of which have been accorded substantive academic attention before, are the subject of detailed case studies. The resulting observations enable a number of the potential causes of 14th-century architectural change to be tested: boredom with existing forms; competition; fashion; cultural and societal influences; costs and funding constraints; and the dominance of a ‘centre’. With the exception of competition, in the guise of differentiation or emulation, none exhibit convincing explanatory power. This prompts a crossdisciplinary inquiry using models of change from the social and natural sciences, specifically Innovation Diffusion Theory and the application of principles of the theory of evolution. These are evaluated against the observations from the dataset. The thesis concludes by enumerating the benefits of taking a broader, more interdisciplinary approach to the exploration of architectural change.
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Reddaway, Chloe. "Visual theology in 14th and 15th century Florentine frescoes : a theological approach to historical images, sacred spaces, and the modern viewer." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2013. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/visual-theology-in-14th-and-15th-century-florentine-frescoes(820ba67a-1f99-4f1b-8230-43552009dd4c).html.
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Although Christianity is a ’religion of the book’, visual art has played a crucial role in the history of theological communication, and the premise of this thesis is that historical images are a potentially rich, but underused, theological resource for modern Christians. Art historical analyses are rarely intended or equipped to demonstrate the rich theological potential of attentive interaction between the modern viewer and historical images, and do not take account of the fundamentally incarnational nature of Christian images. There have been, however, relatively few attempts at theological interpretation of historical Christian images and minimal discussion of an appropriate methodology for doing so, despite increased interest in the relationship between theology and visual art. This thesis proposes a methodology for the theological interpretation of images, drawing on critical hermeneutics in theology and literary studies, the approaches of reader criticism, reception theory, and cultural history, the insights of art historical analysis, and a Christian understanding of religious art and sacred place. It demonstrates the effectiveness of this approach through case studies drawn from Florentine fresco cycles of the 14th and 15th centuries, enriching the experience of the modern viewer. In particular it addresses the materiality of images and the relationship between the space within images, the spaces of their locations, and their interaction with the spatially located viewer. The images are shown to be sophisticated pieces of visual theology with the capacity to express complex theological ideas of creation, incarnation, transformation and revelation, in powerfully engaging ways. They present a redeemed, post-resurrection view of creation in which materiality does not, or need not, equate to separation from God; an anti-dualist confession of faith in which content and composition, content and medium, concept and form, image and viewer, interpenetrate to enable material revelation of the divine, with potentially transformative effects.
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Burton, David Warren. "Politics, propaganda and public opinion in the reigns of Henry III and Edward I." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1985. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:aa0fbc9f-8a03-42f9-8b4d-8137090755be.
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This thesis traces the way in which the growing political consciousness of the English nation in the thirteenth century led the king to pay more attention to public opinion, and considers the arguments he used to justify his policies, and in particular his military undertakings, before a wider public audience. The development of such political propaganda began during Henry Ill's reign. Yet he felt little need to explain his policies until this increasingly unrealistic position was exposed during 1258-65, when the barons made strenuous and successful attempts to exploit public opinion. Edward I probably learnt much from his father's experience, and during his reign took considerable care to explain how his wars were in the interests of the realm. The traditional means of communication and the arguments put across both underwent considerable development as a result. Much of the material for this study is in print. The king's arguments can be established from the writs entered on the chancery rolls, supplemented by the accounts of the chroniclers, while the outline of the barons' arguments in 1258-65 can be established from the same sources. Bishops' registers and the memoranda rolls provide further information towards the end of the century. Throughout an attempt has been made to show how the king's claims and arguments were viewed, which is not particularly easy. The main sources for public opinion, the chronicles, supplemented by political songs, reflect mainly the views of literate churchmen, and the opinions of the laity can be ascertained only indirectly. Yet the picture which emerges is of an increasingly politically conscious nation following the main political events with interest, and able to judge the merits of the king's arguments for itself.
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Jones, Scott Lee. "Servants of the Republic : patrician lawyers in Quattrocento Venice." Thesis, Swansea University, 2010. https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa42517.
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Lawyers have widely been recognized as playing a role in the transition from the medieval to the modem state. Their presence in Renaissance Venetian politics, however, remains largely unexplored. Relying primarily on a prosopographical analysis, the thesis explores the various roles played by lawyers, dividing those roles into three main categories: diplomats, territorial governors, and domestic legislators. What emerges is a clear pattern of significant involvement by legally trained patricians in the Venetian political system. Noble lawyers were most often ambassadors, serving in many of the principal courts inside and outside of Italy as Venice was extending her influence on the Italian peninsula. They also served as administrators of Venetian rule throughout the Venetian terraferma (mainland) state. Lastly, their domestic political officeholding further confirms their continuing participation, as they held many of the most important domestic offices throughout the Quattrocento. The thesis ends with short biographies of each of the nearly three-dozen lawyers who make up this study, as well as chronologies of the offices they held. These chronologies include archival references for each office.
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Al-Ibrashy, May Ahmad. "The history of the Southern Cemetery of Cairo from the 14th century to the present : an urban study of a living cemetery." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.424665.
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Plumley, Yolanda. "The grammar of 14th century melody : tonal organization and compositional process in the chansons of Guillaume de Machaut and the ars subtilior /." New York ; London : Garland, 1996. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb36961810r.
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Lafrenz, Kathryn A. "Tracing the source of the elephant and hippopotamus ivory from the 14th century B.C. Uluburun shipwreck the archaeological, historical, and isotopic evidence /." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2003. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0000243.
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Lafrenz, Kathryn Anne. "Tracing the Source of the Elephant and Hippopotamus Ivory from the 14th Century B.C. Uluburun Shipwreck: The Archaeological, Historical, and Isotopic Evidence." Scholar Commons, 2004. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/1122.
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The aim of this study is to establish the provenance of the elephant and hippopotamus ivory recovered from the 14th century B.C. Uluburun shipwreck in order to reconstruct the trade mechanisms and associated social relationships (e.g. diplomacy) operating in the eastern Mediterranean during the Late Bronze Age (LBA). Elephant ivory came either from Northeastern Libya, Southeastern Sudan via Egypt or northwestern Syria during this period. Hippopotamus ivory likewise was obtained from Syria, Palestine, or Egypt.
The Uluburun's cargo is reconstructed by the excavator, George Bass, as "royal," and primarily originates from Cyprus and Syro-Palestine. Indeed, LBA trade is largely understood as gift-exchange between ruling elites, thereby reflecting a trade system organized by and for a centralized authority. With the transition to the Iron Age, an identifiable merchant class developed and decentralized trade (relative to the preceding era) under a system of cabotage shipping. If the ivory is shown to derive from several regions instead of a single location, a revision of LBA trade must be fashioned to include ruling elites acting as "merchants" to a larger degree than previously assumed, or the web of social relationships involved in "international" diplomacy as much more intricate. Indeed, the mechanisms of the LBA trade must be established to provide a complete picture of trade, especially since the import and historical data is biased towards a simplistic, centralized trade system.
The δ13C, δ15N, and δ18O reflect the climate and vegetation of the area in which a population dwells, so that areas with similar climate/vegetation will produce similar isotopic signatures, though these areas may be geographically seperated. Nevertheless, examining 87Sr/86Sr ratios will distinguish between populations because 87Sr/86Sr mirrors the isotopic signature of the underlying rock, and is sufficiently unique to each region to warrant differentiation.
Isotopic ratio analysis (carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and/or strontium) was conducted on the collagen and apatite components of the ivory using mass spectrometry to differentiate between regions and therefore provide the provenance. Ultimately a source determination utilizing HR-ICP-MS for 87Sr/86Sr was not successful. Future provenance research on ivory should employ TIMS, and consider triangulating 87Sr/86Sr against lead and neodymium isotopes.
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Avelar, de Carvalho Helena. "Vir sapiens dominabitur astris: astrological knowledge and practices in the Portuguese medieval court (king João I to king Afonso V)." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/6672.
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Dissertação apresentada para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau
de Mestre em História Medieval<br>The present study addresses the practice of astrology and its cultural repercussions in
the 14th and 15th centuries’ Portuguese court.
The research is based in the comparative study of three sets of sources: 1) the
astrology books from the royal libraries, which reveal the dominant concepts of astrology; 2)
the writings of kings João I and Duarte, and prince Pedro, as examples of the practical
application of these concepts; 3) the royal chronicles of Fernão Lopes, Gomes Eanes de
Zurara and Rui de Pina, as examples of its presence in political discourse. The astrological
references occur in three main contexts: the validation of power, the explanation of manners
and the debate about determinism-versus-free will. The latter stands as the main fracturing
topic in medieval astrology. In any case, the validity of astrology by itself was never in
question; the debate revolved only around its limits and its legitimacy in face of Christian
faith.
Astrology was seen as a sophisticated art, practiced by learned men. Its foundation
was the scientific understanding of the natural laws and its practitioners tried to demarcate
themselves from common divination and superstition.
Due to its pervasiveness in this period, it can be concluded that astrology is an
essential factor for the understanding of Portuguese medieval life. The study of the
astrological practice, from the perspective of the History of Culture and Mentalities, offers
new insights to the understanding of the medieval period.
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Worth, Janet. "The distinctive fish motif on a 14th century Iranian bowl in the Art Gallery of South Australia's William Bowmore Collection of Islamic ceramics /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2004. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ARAHM/09arahmw932.pdf.
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Black, John. "Chasing shadows : a look at the treatment of light and shade in painters' quest for spatial realism in 13th and 14th century Italy." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.247734.
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Widmaier, Wesley William. "A constructivist theory of international monetary relations monetary understandings, state interests in cooperation, and the construction of crises (1929-2001) /." Access restricted to users with UT Austin EID, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3036613.
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Monroe, W. H. "13th and early 14th century illustrated genealogical manuscripts in roll and codex : Peter of Potiers' Compendium, Universal Histories and Chronicles of the King's of England." Thesis, Courtauld Institute of Art (University of London), 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.268624.
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Zhou, Xiaohan. "Elements of continuity between mathematical writings from the Song-Yuan (13th - 14th Century) Dynasties and the Ming Dynasty (15th Century) : Comparing Yang Hui's Mathematical Methods (1261 C.E.) and Wu Jing’s Great Compendium (1450 C.E.)." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC333.
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Le discours qui insiste sur une « rupture » entre les mathématiques de la période Song-Yuan et celles de la période Ming est très répandu dans les écrits historiques consacrés aux mathématiques en Chine. Cette thèse analyse le processus et les raisons de l’apparition de ce genre de discours, et montre que la représentation en forme de « rupture » ne se présente que lorsque les observateurs examinent les mathématiques depuis certaines perspectives. Cette thèse est consacrée à la recherche d'éléments de continuité entre les mathématiques des Ming et celles des Song et des Yuan. Les Neuf chapitres sur les procédures mathématiques (ci-après, Les Neuf chapitres) ont représenté un ouvrage très important au cours de l’ensemble de ces périodes. L'achèvement des Neuf chapitres, tel que transmis par la tradition écrite, date de quelque part entre le premier siècle avant notre ère et le premier siècle après notre ère. Les Méthodes mathématiques (1261) de Yang Hui et le Grand Compendium (1450) de Wu Jing sont de précieux écrits mathématiques rédigés au cours des deux périodes examinées. Ils sont basés sur Les Neuf chapitres et leurs commentaires antérieurs. Pour ce qui concerne la question de la continuité entre textes mathématiques, ma thèse propose des études de cas comparant ces deux livres, qui montrent que Wu Jing a systématiquement repris des parties du texte des Méthodes mathématiques pour compiler le Grand Compendium. La manière selon laquelle Wu Jing a extrait des passages dans chaque chapitre de Yang Hui pourrait être utilisée pour récupérer en partie le texte de Yang Hui. En ce qui concerne la continuité des idées mathématiques, tout d’abord, l’organisation et l’ordre des problèmes du texte ancien tel que revus par Yang Hui sont des résultats essentiels du traitement des Neuf chapitres par l’érudit des Song. Wu Jing les a repris lorsqu'il a organisé les problèmes du Grand Compendium. Par ailleurs, Yang Hui a beaucoup insisté sur les « méthodes mathématiques ». Il en a ajouté de nouvelles et en a modifié d’autres qui provenaient des Neuf chapitres. Wu Jing a compris ces modifications et les a adoptées dans son Grand Compendium. En même temps, certains concepts et termes mathématiques, ainsi que l’utilisation de diagrammes, relatifs aux méthodes mathématiques qu’avait introduits l’érudit des Song, ont également été intégrés dans le Grand Compendium. Toutes ces découvertes montrent que Les Neuf chapitres qui ont circulé sous la dynastie des Ming avaient largement intégrés les réflexions et le travail de l’érudit des Song<br>The discourse of “break” between the mathematics of the Song-Yuan period and that of the Ming period is quite widespread in the historical writings dealing with mathematics in China. This thesis analyzes the process and the reasons of the shaping of this kind of discourse and suggests that discourses that insisted on a “break” only appeared when observers looked at mathematics from certain viewpoints. This thesis is devoted to finding elements of continuity between the mathematics of the Ming dynasty and that of the Song-Yuan time period. The Nine Chapters on Mathematical Procedures (thereafter, The Nine Chapters) represented a very important book during these two periods. The completion date of The Nine Chapters in the form that was handed down is placed somewhere between the first century B.C.E. and the first century C.E. Yang Hui’s Mathematical Methods (1261 C.E.) and Wu Jing’s Great Compendium (1450 C.E.) are extant and precious mathematical writings from the two periods considered, which were based precisely on The Nine Chapters and its ancient commentaries. With respect to the continuity of mathematical text between these two books, my dissertation offers case studies that show that Wu Jing systematically took parts of the text of Mathematical Methods to compile Great Compendium. The rule by which text was extracted from each chapter could be used to partly recover Yang Hui’s text. With respect to the continuity of mathematical ideas, firstly, the arrangement and the order of problems are essential results of the Song scholar’s treatment of The Nine Chapters. They were taken up by Wu Jing when he arranged problems in Great Compendium. Secondly, Yang Hui laid a great emphasis on “mathematical methods”. He added some new mathematical methods and also changed some methods in The Nine Chapters. Wu Jing understood these changes and adopted them in his Great Compendium. Meanwhile, some mathematical concepts and terms, and the use of diagrams, relating to these mathematical methods that the Song scholar introduced, were also absorbed into Great Compendium. All these findings prove that The Nine Chapters that circulated in the Ming dynasty had been largely permeated by the thoughts of the Song scholar
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Reddick, Bridget Louise. ""Hitched to a Steam Engine": Marriage and Crises of Gender at Park Church in Nineteenth-Century Elmira, New York." W&M ScholarWorks, 2002. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626374.
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Casey, Ciarán Michael. "The failure of dissent : public opposition to Irish economic policy, 2000-2006." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e1c69c29-cc6a-4550-941d-465a4ee1d2b3.
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The Irish crash that began in 2008 has been described as one of the most dramatic economic reversals ever experienced by an industrialised country. There is a strong consensus about the economic roots of the crisis: the country experienced a classic asset bubble. Much more difficult to explain however, is how a mature democracy sleep-walked into a crisis that had so much precedent and in retrospect seems to have been so apparent. The policy decisions made in the boom period must shoulder much of the blame, but they were not created in a vacuum. This thesis systematically examines the discourse on the Irish economy from a broad range of commentators in the years prior to the crash, including international and domestic organisations, academics, the newspapers, and politicians. It demonstrates that key mainstream analysts anticipated how the property boom would end on the basis of estimated fundamental house prices and demand levels. This implicitly assumed that these fundamentals would remain strong as the boom abated, and ignored the potential for a market panic. By contrast, the most prescient analysts relied heavily on international precedent, and recognised that property price falls would be closely correlated with the increase observed during the boom. A key dimension of the discourse was therefore how the lessons of financial history were applied or disregarded. The Irish crash that began in 2008 has been described as one of the most dramatic economic reversals ever experienced by an industrialised country. There is a strong consensus about the economic roots of the crisis: the country experienced a classic asset bubble. Much more difficult to explain however, is how a mature democracy sleep-walked into a crisis that had so much precedent and in retrospect seems to have been so apparent. The policy decisions made in the boom period must shoulder much of the blame, but they were not created in a vacuum. This thesis systematically examines the discourse on the Irish economy from a broad range of commentators in the years prior to the crash, including international and domestic organisations, academics, the newspapers, and politicians. It demonstrates that key mainstream analysts anticipated how the property boom would end on the basis of estimated fundamental house prices and demand levels. This implicitly assumed that these fundamentals would remain strong as the boom abated, and ignored the potential for a market panic. By contrast, the most prescient analysts relied heavily on international precedent, and recognised that property price falls would be closely correlated with the increase observed during the boom. A key dimension of the discourse was therefore how the lessons of financial history were applied or disregarded.
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Silverman, Sarah Kelly. "The 1363 English Sumptuary Law: A comparison with Fabric Prices of the Late Fourteenth-Century." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1322596483.
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Wood, Robert. "Life and death : a study of the wills and testaments of men and women in London and Bury St. Edmunds in the late fourteenth and early fifteenth centuries." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2014. http://repository.royalholloway.ac.uk/items/0f1324a8-77b0-472c-8832-76364a9c27bc/1/.
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The aim of this thesis is to investigate the lives of men and women living in London and Bury St. Edmunds in the late fourteenth - early fifteenth centuries. Sources studied include the administrative and legal records of the City of London and of the Abbot and Convent of St. Edmund's abbey; legislation and court records of royal government and the wills and testaments of Londoners and Bury St. Edmunds' inhabitants. Considerable research on a wide range of topics on London, but far less work on Bury St. Edmunds, has already been undertaken; however, this thesis is the first systematic comparative study of these two towns. The introduction discusses the historiography and purpose of the thesis; the methodology used, and the shortcomings of using medieval wills and the probate process. Chapter One discusses the testamentary jurisdiction in both towns; who was involved in the will making process, and the role that clerics played as both executors and scribes and how the church courts operated. Chapter Two focuses on testators' preparations for the afterlife, their choices concerning burial location, funeral arrangements and the provisions made for prayers for their souls. Chapter Three examines in detail their pious and charitable bequests and investigates what ‘good works' testators chose to support apart from ‘forgotten tithes'. The family and household relationships, including servants and apprentices, are examined in Chapter Four, exploring the differences in bequests made depending on the testators' marital status, together with evidence for close friendships and social networks. Chapter Five discusses the ownership and types of books referred to in wills and the inter-relationship between the donors and the recipients. Testators' literacy and the provision for education are also investigated.
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Nadal, Emilie. "Le miroir d'un archevêque : étude autour du pontifical de Pierre de la Jugie (Narbonne, Trésor de la cathédrale, ms. 2)." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOU20114.
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En 1350, Pierre de la Jugie, neveu du pape Clément VI, est depuis trois ans sur le siège de Narbonne, à la tête d’un des archevêchés les plus riches du royaume de France, lorsqu’il décide de faire réaliser un pontifical à la hauteur de ses ambitions. Orné de 24 médaillons pour le calendrier, d’une pleine page, et de 61 lettres historiées encore en place (une vingtaine a été découpé), l’ouvrage est un témoignage exceptionnel, bien documenté, qui permet de comprendre les modalités de la commande des manuscrits liturgiques enluminés au XIVe siècle, et qu’il est possible de replacer dans un contexte politique, religieux et artistique bien déterminé. Le livre n’est qu’en partie fidèle au modèle de pontifical établi par Guillaume Durand. Outre un calendrier et des feuillets de comput, il contient aussi plusieurs textes additionnels, expressément ajoutés par Pierre de la Jugie pour certains d’entre eux, et accompagné d’une iconographie qui leur est propre. L’étude des textes, du calendrier au pontifical, et de l’iconographie choisie pour les illustrer, permet de mettre en valeur la forte implication du commanditaire dans la mise en place de ce livre. Les peintures qui ornent ces pages sont l’œuvre de quatre artistes qui, en dépit de leurs formations différentes (Catalogne, Sud de la France, Italie) ont collaboré et se sont mutuellement influencés. Le recensement des productions de chacun des enlumineurs permet enfin de mettre en valeur l’existence de réseaux d’échanges entre les artistes et les commanditaires ecclésiastiques appartenant à un même clan de prélats limousins<br>In 1350 , Pierre de la Jugie, archbishop of Narbonne and nephew of Pope Clement VI, decides to make a Pontifical that lives up to his ambitions. Decorated with 24 medallions for the calendar, a full page and 61 historiated letters, the book is an exceptional testimony, well documented, which helps to understand the ways liturgical illuminated manuscripts were ordered during the fourteenth century, and it can be replaced in a well-defined political, religious and artistic context. In addition to a calendar, and computus, this pontifical of Guillaume Durand also contains several additional texts, specifically added by Pierre de la Jugie for some of them, and accompanied by an iconography of their own. The study of the text and iconography highlights the strong involvement of the ecclesiastical patron in the creation of this book. The paintings that adorn these pages are the work of four artists who, despite their different backgrounds (Catalonia, southern France, Italy) have collaborated and influenced each other. The census of production of each of illuminators can finally highlight the existence of exchanges between artists and church patrons belonging to the same clan prelates Limousin networks
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Sklebitz, Anne [Verfasser]. "Glazed Ceramics from Karakorum : The Distribution and Use of Chinese Ceramics in the Craftsmen Quarter of the Old-Mongolian Capital During the 13th–14th Century A. D. / Anne Sklebitz." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2018. http://d-nb.info/116557425X/34.
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Gomez, Angel. "The mayor and early Lollard dissemination." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2012. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/564.
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During the fourteenth century in England there began a movement referred to as Lollardy. Throughout history, Lollardy has been viewed as a precursor to the Protestant Reformation. There has been a long ongoing debate among scholars trying to identify the extent of Lollard beliefs among the English. Attempting to identify who was a Lollard has often led historians to look at the trial records of those accused of being Lollards. One aspect overlooked in these studies is the role civic authorities, like the mayor of a town, played in the heresy trials of suspected Lollards. Contrary to existing beliefs that the Lollards were marginalized figures, the mayors' willingness to defend them against Church prosecution implies that either Lollard sympathies were more widespread than previously noted or Lollards were being inaccurately identified in the court records. This contradicts scholars' previous view that English religious views were clearly divided between Lollards and non-Lollards, providing depth and additional support to very recent work emphasizing the complexity of religious identity during the period immediately preceding the Reformation.<br>B.A.<br>Bachelors<br>Arts and Humanities<br>History