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Journal articles on the topic 'Crisis in Zimbabwe'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 3 February 2022

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1

Helliker, Kirk, and Gerald Chikozho Mazarire. "Mnangagwa’s Zimbabwe: Crisis? What Crisis?" Journal of Asian and African Studies 56, no. 2 (March 2021): 171–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021909620986583.

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Three years after the November 2017 coup in Zimbabwe and the installation of Emmerson Mnangagwa as ruling party and state president, there is growing scholarly interest in identifying the character of the post-coup regime, particularly in comparison to the 37-year reign of Robert Mugabe’s ZANU-PF. So far, there are continuities and changes, with increasing concerns about a qualitative shift in the militarization of Zimbabwean state and society under Mnangagwa and the further closing down of civil society space. Perhaps more so than during the first two years of post-coup Zimbabwe, this has become abundantly clear during the Covid-19 pandemic lockdown.

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2

Cox, James. "Land Crisis in Zimbabwe." Fieldwork in Religion 1, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 35–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/firn.v1i1.35.

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Earlier this year, I received a small grant from the Edinburgh University Development Trust Fund to determine the feasibility of formulating a major research project exploring the religious dimensions within the recent land resettlement programme in Zimbabwe. Since spirit mediums had played such an important role in the first Shona uprising in 1896–97 against colonial occu¬pation (the so-called First Chimurenga) (Parsons, 1985: 50-51) and again in the war of liberation between 1972 and 1979 (the Second Chimurenga) (Lan, 1985), I suspected that these central points of contact between the spirit world and the living communities would be affecting the sometimes militant invasions of white commercial farms that began sporadically in 1998, but became systematic after the constitutional referendum of February 2000. Under the terms of the grant, I went with my colleague, Tabona Shoko of the University of Zimbabwe, in July and August 2004, to two regions of Zimbabwe: Mount Darwin in the northeast, where recent activities by war veterans and spirit mediums had been reported, and to the Mberengwa District, where land resettlement programmes have been widespread. This article reports on my preliminary findings in Mount Darwin, where I sought to determine if evidence could be found to link the role of Traditional Religion, particularly through spirit mediums, to the current land redistribution programme, and, if so, whether increasing levels of political intolerance within Zimbabwean society could be blamed, in part at least, on these customary beliefs and practices

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3

Hawkins, Tony. "Crisis in Zimbabwe." Whitehall Papers 62, no. 1 (January 2004): 31–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02681300408523023.

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4

Stephenson, Joan. "Cholera Crisis in Zimbabwe." JAMA 301, no. 11 (March 18, 2009): 1118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2009.357.

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5

Mangena, Tendai. "Suffer Little Children: Zimbabwean Childhood Literary Representations in the Context of Crisis." International Journal of Children's Rights 19, no. 2 (2011): 205–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181810x512398.

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AbstractA closer reading of post – independence Zimbabwean short stories shows that childhood is more complex than its traditional conceptions. There are various diverging childhood depictions in literature. is paper explores these divergences, focusing initially on how children are represented as possessing what Muponde and Chihota (2000) call 'taboo shattering instincts in a diseased society'. In societies where there are clear human rights violations, children and other vulnerable groups are the most affected. In this respect, the paper explores various literary representations that deal with how children were affected during the Zimbabwean millennial crisis that was at most characterised by human rights violation. In any given society, at some point, adults are expected to resist forms of oppression; this paper argues that in literature and in society, children may be figures of resistance as well. Short stories to be scrutinised will be selected from the following editions; Not Another Day (2006), No More Plastic Balls: New Voices in the Zimbabwean Short Story (2000), Women Writing Zimbabwe (2008), Writing Still: New Stories from Zimbabwe (2003), Writing Now: More Stories from Zimbabwe and An Elegy for Easterly (2009).

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6

Matiza, Tafadzwa, and Sandra Perks. "An Exploratory Factor Analysis of the Location -Specific Antecedents to Foreign Direct Investment in Post- Crisis Zimbabwe (2009 - 2015)." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 10, no. 3(J) (July 19, 2018): 111–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v10i3.2321.

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While there are a plethora of studies based on the generic determinants of foreign direct investment, there is a discernible dearth of research into location - specific antecedents of distinct foreign direct investment typologies. This paper identifies the location- specific antecedents influencing foreign investors considering exploiting international business opportunities in post- crisis Zimbabwe. The literature provided the bases for the propositions advanced by this paper. Quantitative survey data was generated from a purposive sample of n=305 foreign investors. An exploratory factor analysis was conducted. The findings suggest that post- crisis Zimbabwe possesses the location- specific antecedents required by market- , resource - , efficiency-, and strategic asset- seeking FDI inflow. It is recommended that Zimbabwean policy- makers take cognisance of these nuances and implement appropriate market entry strategies to lure investors to Zimbabwe to grow the post- crisis economy.

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7

CHIKONZO, KELVIN. "From Panic to Reconciliation: Protest Theatre and the State in Zimbabwe, 1999–2012." Theatre Research International 41, no. 3 (October 2016): 218–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307883316000390.

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Between 1999 and 2008, Zimbabwe was in political and economic crisis. A number of theatre-makers responded by creating several different kinds of protest theatre. They did this to compensate for a media monopoly by the state, to promote active citizen engagement in politics, and to promote political change. This article first surveys developments in protest theatre at this time. It then draws attention to a brand of protest theatre that emerged after the crisis in Zimbabwe, after the formation of a Government of National Unity. Reconciliatory protest theatre, I explain, was concerned with issues of national healing and reconciliation which dominated the post-crisis situation in Zimbabwe. Whilst both the state and protest artists concurred on the fact that the nation ought to be healed and that reconciliation was needed, tensions emerged as to how the processes of healing and reconciliation were to unfold. By looking at two examples in detail, I explain how Zimbabwe's theatre artists viewed this issue, and how the state reacted.

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8

Muzondidya, James. "The Zimbabwean Crisis and the Unresolved Conundrum of Race in the Post-colonial Period." Journal of Developing Societies 26, no. 1 (March 2010): 5–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0169796x1002600102.

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This article seeks to show that although economic and political factors were all important in the Zimbabwean crisis, the unresolved legacies of racial polarization and inequalities in this former white settler colony played a pivotal role in shaping the nature and form of the crisis. The emphasis is on the unresolved racial inequalities in the economy, especially in land ownership and land utilization, which contributed to the country’s economic crisis. Further, the article shows how the Zimbabwe crisis became protracted mainly because the ruling ZANU-PF successfully utilized the emotive issue of race to mobilize support internally, regionally and internationally, while both the opposition and external critics of ZANU-PF underestimated the power of race in mobilizing support for ZANU-PF, and in polarizing political opinion in Zimbabwe.

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9

Kapp, Clare. "Health crisis worsens in Zimbabwe." Lancet 369, no. 9578 (June 2007): 1987–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(07)60927-1.

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10

Sachikonye, Lloyd M. "Whither Zimbabwe? crisis & democratisation." Review of African Political Economy 29, no. 91 (March 2002): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03056240208704581.

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11

Gukurume, Simbarashe. "Navigating the crisis: University of Zimbabwe students’ campus experiences during Zimbabwe’s multi-layered crisis." African Identities 17, no. 3-4 (October 1, 2019): 277–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14725843.2019.1670620.

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12

Mugumisi, Nathan. "Zimbabwean Manufacturing Firms' Propensity and Intensity to Export in the Post Zimbabwean Dollar Era." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 10, no. 1(J) (March 15, 2018): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v10i1(j).2087.

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After the adoption of the multicurrency system in 2009 Zimbabweâ€™s macroeconomic environment stabilized but the new economic order exposed the economy to a crippling liquidity crisis. Exports remain the only sustainable solution to Zimbabweâ€™s liquidity crisis in the short to medium term given the current sanctions that limits other international capital flows. This study sort to understand the factors that determine Zimbabwean manufacturing firmsâ€™ likelihood and intensity to export. The study a was based on panel data from a 19 manufacturing firms listed on the Zimbabwe Stock Exchange over the period 2009 to 2017. The propensity and intensity to export was estimated using the logit and Tobit regression models respectively. Bigger firms and firms that engage in research and development had a high propensity to export. Foreign owned firms and firms that engage in research and development had a high intensity to export, while those with high domestic turnover tended to export less. The appreciation of the USD increased Zimbabwean manufacturing firmsâ€™ propensity and intensity to export. We urge the policy makers to design investment laws that attract foreign investors, and managers to prioritize research and development. We also recommend firm managers to take advantage of periods of currency appreciation to recapitalize at a cheaper cost and export more goods since Zimbabweâ€™s manufacturing production is highly import dependent.

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13

Masunungure, Eldred V., and Simon Badza. "The Internationalization of the Zimbabwe Crisis." Journal of Developing Societies 26, no. 2 (June 2010): 207–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0169796x1002600203.

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This essay argues that key to the longevity and protractedness of the Zimbabwe crisis was the internationalization of a problem characterized by multiple definitions and multiple actors with multiple interests and strategies. To this extent and from the beginning of the crisis, two schools of thought have contested each other for explanatory supremacy and each had its own disciples and adherents at local, regional and international levels. The essay pays particular attention to the pivotal actors at both the domestic and international levels before ending with a brief account and analysis of where Zimbabwe is today.

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14

Pilossof, Rory. "Remaining Apolitical in a Political Crisis." Journal of Developing Societies 26, no. 1 (March 2010): 71–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0169796x1002600104.

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This article explores the fortunes of the leading farming periodical in Zimbabwe, The Farmer magazine, and how its parent body, the Commercial Farmers Union (CFU) sought to control, censor and manipulate The Farmer and the coverage it gave the deepening crises in Zimbabwe. Doing so gives voice to a part of the white experience in Zimbabwe and also shows that the farming community was far from a cohesive entity. The article also shows that there are parallels in the CFU’s attitude towards The Farmer’s post-2000, and to that it expressed in the 1980s during the years of Gukurahundi. The CFU’s policy of ‘apoliticism’ affected the freedom of The Farmer at both times and ultimately led to the magazines closure in 2002

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15

Amanor-Wilks, Dede. "Zimbabwe attempts to prevent health crisis." Lancet 347, no. 9001 (March 1996): 609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(96)91302-1.

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16

Nelson, Eric. "Beyond cholera—the Zimbabwe health crisis." Lancet Infectious Diseases 9, no. 10 (October 2009): 587–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1473-3099(09)70240-3.

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17

Chipere, Mike. "Crisis of political leadership in Zimbabwe." Review of African Political Economy 47, no. 164 (April 2, 2020): 313–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03056244.2020.1722089.

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18

Love, Alison, and Vincent Munyaradzi Vezha. "No way forward without consensus." Journal of Language and Politics 8, no. 3 (December 15, 2009): 433–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jlp.8.3.06lov.

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This paper discusses a document produced in 2006 by church leaders which claimed to present a “vision” of “a way forward” in the ongoing crisis in Zimbabwe. We suggest that the document served rather to reinforce the status quo, specifically the hegemony of Mugabe’s government. We argue that, by insisting that the greatest problem in Zimbabwe is “lack of a national vision”, the document promoted consensus, which resonated with Mugabe’s own position. We suggest that four major strategies were used to achieve this: assertion of the primarily spiritual nature of Zimbabwe’s crisis; insistence on the shared responsibility of all Zimbabweans; obfuscation of agency for the crisis and delegitimization of political opposition as a route to change. Finally, we point out that these strategies failed, as the document in its original form was censored before its launch, illustrating the tendency for President Mugabe to give the impression of opening democratic space, only to close it off.

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19

Anstey, Mark. "Zimbabwe in Ruins: Mediation Prospects in a Conflict Not Yet Ripe for Resolution." International Negotiation 12, no. 3 (2007): 415–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/138234007x240727.

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AbstractA confluence of conditions made the Rhodesian civil war ripe for resolution in 1979. However a 'despotic democracy' took early root in the new Zimbabwe, largely accepted by the international community in its first phase, but now condemned by many for its human rights abuses and political repression. Zimbabwe is a failed state with a massive humanitarian crisis. In the face of pressures to adopt a more robust approach, South Africa has stuck to an approach of 'quiet diplomacy' in relations with its neighbor. In March 2007, SADC states appointed South Africa's President Mbeki to mediate between parties to Zimbabwe's conflict. This article analyzes the prospects for this mediation in terms of 'ripeness' theory. It concludes that complex internal conditions and a divided international community do not yet make the crisis ripe for resolution. However, a shift from quiet diplomacy to an approach of principled mediation might assist in inducing the necessary conditions in a manner which limits continuation of the crisis.

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20

Mugumisi, Nathan. "Zimbabwean Manufacturing Firms’ Propensity and Intensity to Export in the Post Zimbabwean Dollar Era." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 10, no. 1 (March 15, 2018): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v10i1.2087.

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After the adoption of the multicurrency system in 2009 Zimbabwe’s macroeconomic environment stabilized but the new economic order exposed the economy to a crippling liquidity crisis. Exports remain the only sustainable solution to Zimbabwe’s liquidity crisis in the short to medium term given the current sanctions that limits other international capital flows. This study sort to understand the factors that determine Zimbabwean manufacturing firms’ likelihood and intensity to export. The study a was based on panel data from a 19 manufacturing firms listed on the Zimbabwe Stock Exchange over the period 2009 to 2017. The propensity and intensity to export was estimated using the logit and Tobit regression models respectively. Bigger firms and firms that engage in research and development had a high propensity to export. Foreign owned firms and firms that engage in research and development had a high intensity to export, while those with high domestic turnover tended to export less. The appreciation of the USD increased Zimbabwean manufacturing firms’ propensity and intensity to export. We urge the policy makers to design investment laws that attract foreign investors, and managers to prioritize research and development. We also recommend firm managers to take advantage of periods of currency appreciation to recapitalize at a cheaper cost and export more goods since Zimbabwe’s manufacturing production is highly import dependent.

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21

Mabuto, Kudzai, and Umali Saidi. "Locating the nihilistic culture within Zimdancehall in contemporary Zimbabwe." DANDE Journal of Social Sciences and Communication 2, no. 2 (2018): 57–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.15641/dande.v2i2.46.

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A fusion of the Caribbean, African American and Zimbabwean music genres into the infamous glocalized Zimdancehall music has dulled the significance of other traditionalist Zimbabwean music genres. Dancehall culture has caused much controversy in Zimbabwean society, being blamed for the country’s increase in crime, violence and believed to encourage misogynistic attitudes among Zimbabwean youths through its negative themes. Using appraisal and dramatism theories the article shows the existential crisis the youth in Zimbabwe face due to economic as well as other social forces and thus align themselves to rather destructive misogynistic behaviours which somehow characterises contemporary Zimbabwe. Established in the article is the extent to which language used in Zimdancehall music is socially charged as well as globalized thus influencing youth feelings, emotions and behaviors. The article analyses lyrics of selected songs as well as makes references to selected musical videos from Zimdancehall artistes such as Soul Jah Love, Winky D, Lady Bee and Killer T as prominent artists revealing what has come to be considered contemporary ‘ghetto culture’ within popular culture in Zimbabwe. It is further argued that Zimdancehall has come to shape, inform behaviors, perceptions and aspirations of the Zimbabwean youth largely due to its nature of production as well as dissemination.

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22

Mlambo, Alois, Maurice T. Vambe, and Abebe Zegeye. "The culture of crisis and crisis of culture in Zimbabwe." African Identities 8, no. 2 (May 2010): 89–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14725841003785112.

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23

Nyazema, Norman Z. "The Zimbabwe Crisis and the Provision of Social Services." Journal of Developing Societies 26, no. 2 (June 2010): 233–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0169796x1002600204.

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Historically, health care in Zimbabwe was provided primarily to cater to colonial administrators and the expatriate, with separate care or second-provision made for Africans. There was no need for legislation to guarantee its provision to the settler community. To address the inequities in health that had existed prior to 1980, at independence, Zimbabwe adopted the concept of Equity in Health and Primary Health Care. Initially, this resulted in the narrowing of the gap between health provision in rural areas and urban areas. Over the years, however, there have been clear indications of growing inequities in health provision and health care as a result of mainly Economic Structural Adjustment Policies (ESAP), 1991–1995, and health policy changes. Infant and child mortality have been worsened by the impact of HIV/AIDS and reduced access to affordable essential health care. For example, life expectancy at birth was 56 in the 1980s, increased to 60 in 1990 and is now about 43. Morbidity (diseases) and mortality (death rates) trends in Zimbabwe show that the population is still affected by the traditional preventable diseases and conditions that include nutritional deficiencies, communicable diseases, pregnancy and childbirth conditions and the conditions of the new born. The deterioration of the Zimbabwean health services sector has also partially been due to increasing shortages of qualified personnel. The public sector has been operating with only 19 per cent staff since 2000. Many qualified and competent health workers left the country because of the unfavourable political environment. The health system in Zimbabwe has been operating under a legal and policy framework that in essence does not recognize the right to health. Neither the pre-independence constitution nor the Lancaster House constitution, which is the current Constitution of Zimbabwe, made specific provisions for the right to health. Progress made in the 1980s characterized by adequate financing of the health system and decentralized health management and equity of health services between urban and rural areas, which saw dramatic increases in child survival rates and life expectancy, was, unfortunately, not consolidated. As of 2000 per capita health financing stood at USD 8.55 as compared to USD 23.6, which had been recommended by the Commission of Review into the Health Sector in 1997. At the beginning of 2008 it had been dramatically further eroded and stood at only USD 0.19 leading to the collapse of the health system. Similarly, education in Zimbabwe, in addition to the changes it has undergone during the different periods since attainment of independence, also went through many phases during the colonial period. From 1962 up until 1980, the Rhodesia Front government catered more for the European child. Luckily, some mission schools that had been established earlier kept on expanding taking in African children who could proceed with secondary education (high school education). Inequity in education existed when the ZANU-PF government came into power in 1980. It took aggressive and positive steps to redress the inequalities that existed in the past. Unfortunately, the government did not come up with an education policy or philosophy in spite of massive expansion and investment. The government had cut its expenditure on education because of economic and political instability. This has happened particularly in rural areas, where teachers have left the teaching profession.

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24

Zami, Mohammad Sharif. "Drivers and their Relationship with Inhibitors Influencing the Adoption of Stabilized Earth Construction to Alleviate Urban Housing Crisis in Zimbabwe." Key Engineering Materials 632 (November 2014): 119–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.632.119.

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Addressing urban housing crisis is an enormous challenge for most of the African countries due to the increasing cost of the building material. Zimbabwe is no exception having the same challenges with urban housing crisis. As a matter of fact the conventional construction material is not affordable considering the current economic hardship faced by the majority Zimbabweans. Therefore, an appropriate alternative construction material and technique is essential which can alleviate urban housing crisis in Zimbabwe. The success of the experimented stabilised earth construction projects of urban houses in Zimbabwe widens avenues considering this construction material as an appropriate alternative to the conventional ones and finding out the potential drivers that can help adoption of this technology. This paper aims to refine the drivers and establish its interrelationship with inhibitors with the help of in-depth interview method. First, a critical literature review method is used to come up with a generic list the inhibitors and drivers influencing the adoption of this technology. Second, the identified inhibitors and drivers refined through a series of in-depth interviews to establish drivers and inhibitors influencing the widespread adoption of stabilised earth to address urban low cost housing crisis in Zimbabwe. Third, the analysis of drivers and inhibitors interrelationship understand show the widespread adoption of stabilised earth construction can alleviate urban housing crisis in Zimbabwe.

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25

Ushehwedu Kufakurinani and Wesley Mwatwara. "Zimdancehall and the Peace Crisis in Zimbabwe." African Conflict and Peacebuilding Review 7, no. 1 (2017): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/africonfpeacrevi.7.1.03.

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26

Green, Andrew. "Severe drought in Zimbabwe triggers food crisis." Lancet 387, no. 10022 (March 2016): 931–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(16)00633-4.

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27

Stoeffler, Quentin, Jeffrey Alwang, Bradford Mills, and Nelson Taruvinga. "Multidimensional Poverty in Crisis: Lessons from Zimbabwe." Journal of Development Studies 52, no. 3 (October 12, 2015): 428–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2015.1087511.

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28

Kaulemu, David. "CHURCH RESPONSES TO THE CRISIS IN ZIMBABWE." Review of Faith & International Affairs 8, no. 1 (January 2010): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15570271003707853.

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29

Dashwood, Hevina S. "Inequality, Leadership, and the Crisis in Zimbabwe." International Journal 57, no. 2 (2002): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40203658.

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30

Dashwood, Hevina S. "Inequality, Leadership, and the Crisis in Zimbabwe." International Journal: Canada's Journal of Global Policy Analysis 57, no. 2 (June 2002): 209–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002070200205700204.

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31

Nyoni, Josphat, and Stephen Mago. "Strategies and Performance Nexus in the Zimbabwean Manufacturing Sector during the Economic Crisis." 11th GLOBAL CONFERENCE ON BUSINESS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 11, no. 1 (December 9, 2020): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.35609/gcbssproceeding.2020.11(165).

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The performance and the contribution of the Zimbabwean manufacturing sector to the Gross Domestic Product, employment and export revenues has declined significantly since 1996. However, some manufacturing firms are operating at more than 60% capacity utilisation and posting positive profit margins. This shows significant performance variation of firms operating in the same business environment which may be a result of variation the strategies used by firms. Knowledge of the most effective strategies in economic crisis will help several manufacturing firms that are currently struggling to survive in the economic crisis. The main goal was to determine the strategies used by manufacturing firms during the period of economic crisis in Zimbabwe. In addition the study also sought to establish the most effective strategies that improved the performance of manufacturing firms in period of an economic crisis.The study used the descriptive research design, which is also a type of the conclusive research design. A survey questionnaire was administered to 272 firms in the nine sub-sector of the manufacturing sector that are currently operational. Multiple regression analysis was used to determine the influence of the strategies on the profitability of firms of different sizes.The results of the study showed that there is a positive relationship between strategies with a greater emphasis on analysis and pro-activeness and performance. In addition results of the study indicated that there is a negative and significant relationship between strategies oriented towards aggressiveness and riskiness and performance. Keywords: management strategy, business performance, manufacturing, economic crises, Zimbabwe

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32

Алешин, Кирилл Андреевич. "ROLE OF CHINA IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOUTHERN AFRICA: EXAMPLE OF ZIMBABWE." Современная экономика: проблемы и решения 8 (September 20, 2017): 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17308/meps.2017.8/1745.

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Purpose: the role of China in Zimbabwe, that has been under long-term sanctions implemented by EU and US, and also experiencing serious economic difficulties. Discussion: the author analyzed the development of relations between Zimbabwe and China. The priorities of Beijing, the main trends and key areas of bilateral cooperation are shown. Results: while in isolation and in terms of Western sanctions, the leadership of Zimbabwe found a reliable ally – China, which became its one of the leading trade and economic partners and political allies, helped to overcome the negative consequences of a large-scale economic crisis. The author predicts that in the medium term, it is possible to expect a decrease in the role Beijing is playing in the economic and political life of Zimbabwe, which is due to a number of circumstances, including the removal of most of the EU sanctions, the possible abolition of US restrictive measures, the activation of Russia, India, as well as other developing countries in the Zimbabwe. However, the link between Zimbabwe and China, which emerged in the last century, the achieved level of influence on the Zimbabwean elites will allow Beijing in the foreseeable future to remain a key player in this country.

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33

Sibanda, Modeni M. "SADC Mediation in Zimbabwe's Global Political Agreement (GPA): A Reflection on Opportunities and Complexities." Africa’s Public Service Delivery and Performance Review 2, no. 2 (June 1, 2014): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/apsdpr.v2i2.51.

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This article analyses the opportunities and complexities of the SADC mediation in Zimbabwe’s Global Political Agreement (GPA) in facilitating and operationalising theprinciples and values of peace, security, human rights and democracy as set out in Article 4 of the SADC treaty. It attempts to interrogate the extent to which the regional grouping’s mechanisms for enforcing its principles and values have been successful. The article argues that despite SADC’s noble commitment to promoting the development of democratic institutions and practices, as well as encouraging the observance of universal human rights, peace and security, the resolution of the Zimbabwe crisis shows that, in practice, the operationalisation of SADC protocol principles and values have been a sorry saga of delays, secrecy, purported agreements and nothing concrete coming out of it. Using the Zimbabwe case study, this article further argues that SADC either lacks appropriate power and authority or is reluctant to hold member states accountable. This seems so, given that as a regional body, it has allowed itself to be utterly inadequate to the task envisioned by the organ in resolving the Zimbabwe crisis. The paper concludes that the sum of all this has had the effect of exposing SADC and it being perceived as a weak regional organisation.

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34

Nyamunda, Tinashe. "‘Open for Business’ but Bankrupt: Currencies, the ‘New Dispensation’ and the Zimbabwean Economy." Journal of Asian and African Studies 56, no. 2 (January 12, 2021): 204–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021909620986585.

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The paper examines the Mnangagwa government’s economic policies in Zimbabwe. It looks at its ‘new’ dispensation economic policies, passed off as creating a middle-income economy by 2030. The study suggests that these policies, encapsulated in the ‘open for business’ rhetoric, were designed to create an image of political and economic reform. However, efforts to mask the ZANU-PF government’s unmistakable authoritarian traits failed. It is increasingly apparent that there is no significant departure in economic policies from the previous Mugabe regime. Zimbabwe’s crisis endures as the technocrats fail to resolve the monetary crisis and the economy continues to collapse.

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35

Zembere, Monicah. "Electoral Illiteracy and Democratic Citizenship in Zimbabwe." UJAH: Unizik Journal of Arts and Humanities 21, no. 1 (July 31, 2020): 54–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ujah.v21i1.3.

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This paper argues that electoral processes in Africa with special focus on Zimbabwe are never fair due to rampant electoral illiteracy. In this paper, illiteracy is far beyond the inability to read and write but encompasses a high degree of ignorance from not reading. The theory informing arguments in the paper is democratic citizenship. This is a qualitative research where data has been gathered through interviews and observation. Zimbabwe’s election processes of 2008, 2013 and 2018 had been used as case studies to substantiate the findings of this study. The major findings are that besides electoral illiteracy, factors such as intimidation, fear, manipulation (vote buying), partisan and hero worshipping also compromise the credibility of elections in Zimbabwe. The other finding is that as long as citizens are not familiar with electoral process of their country, the levels of participation of such people will remain low. In the light of these findings, this research recommends effective active citizenship if electoral crisis in Zimbabwe is to be addressed. Keywords: Democracy, Democratic Citizenship, Electoral Illiteracy

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Jaji, Rose. "Delayed Return: Consolidation of the Zimbabwean Diaspora and Transnationalism." REMHU: Revista Interdisciplinar da Mobilidade Humana 29, no. 62 (August 2021): 49–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1980-85852503880006204.

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Abstract. This article discusses consolidation of the Zimbabwean diaspora and its transnational activities. It presents formation of this particular diaspora as an unanticipated development that is contingent upon circumstances as they evolve in both sending and receiving countries. It draws from longitudinal research with Zimbabwean migrants in Germany and South Africa to illustrate this argument. It also borrows from Tsuda’s transnational outcome framework to provide a nuanced understanding of Zimbabwean migrants’ varied relationships with both Zimbabwe and the receiving countries. The article argues that migrants’ decision to settle for the long-term in the receiving country is not always made at the same time as the decision to migrate itself or in the initial stages of life in the receiving country. There are many cases among Zimbabwean migrants showing that migration was initially perceived as quest for reprieve from the country’s economic and political challenges while they “waited” for the situation to improve. However, the crisis in Zimbabwe has dragged on for more than two decades with no tangible solution in sight thus transforming waiting into settling. Economic and political factors in Zimbabwe as well as factors in the receiving countries influenced the formation and consolidation of the Zimbabwean diaspora and its transnational activities. Diaspora formation and consolidation in this case is an outcome of migrants’ adaptation of their initial plans to new realities obtaining in both the sending and receiving countries.

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Ndlovu, Joram, and Ernie T. Heath. "Destination Branding in Zimbabwe: From Crisis to Recovery." Tourism Analysis 16, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 87–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3727/108354211x12988225900207.

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The Lancet. "Focusing on health in the crisis in Zimbabwe." Lancet 359, no. 9305 (February 2002): 455. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(02)07697-3.

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Kadenge, Maxwell, and George Mavunga. "The Zimbabwe crisis as captured in Shona metaphor." Journal of African Cultural Studies 23, no. 2 (December 2011): 153–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13696815.2012.637879.

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Ndlovu-Gatsheni, S. J. "Beyond Mugabe-centric narratives of the Zimbabwe crisis." African Affairs 111, no. 443 (February 16, 2012): 315–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/afraf/ads008.

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Mlambo, Alois, Maurice Vambe, and Abebe Zegeye. "Introduction to Special Issues on the Zimbabwe Crisis." Journal of Developing Societies 26, no. 1 (March 2010): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0169796x1002600101.

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Maunganidze, Farai, Debby Bonnin, and Shaun Ruggunan. "Economic Crisis and Professions: Chartered Accountants in Zimbabwe." SAGE Open 11, no. 1 (January 2021): 215824402199480. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244021994802.

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This study examined the effects of a declining economy on the profession of chartered accountants (CAs) in Zimbabwe. The study adopted a qualitative approach using a pragmatic grounded theory design. Primary data were obtained through in-depth interviews with five purposively sampled CAs and two key informants drawn from the professional body and an institution that trains CAs. Furthermore, secondary data were drawn from the professional body’s archives and from newspapers. Data from interviews and documents were analyzed through thematic analysis and content analysis, respectively. The study has revealed that the profession of CAs has been changing in response to the declining economy and the changes include losing its status and autonomy, increased competition from other accounting fields and compromised professional standards. It also emerged that professionals themselves engage in both negative and positive activities that enable them to survive the effects of a declining economy. Recommendations are provided for the professionals and the professional body in dealing with the impact of a precarious economy.

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Biri, Kudzai. "Migration, Transnationalism and the Shaping of Zimbabwean Pentecostal Spirituality." African Diaspora 7, no. 1 (2014): 139–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18725465-00701007.

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This article explores the effects of global expansion and the importance of diasporic transnational connections on the theology and practice of an African Pentecostal church. It takes the case of Zimbabwe Assemblies of God Africa (ZAOGA), one of the largest and oldest Pentecostal churches in Zimbabwe. The growth of this Pentecostal movement, both within and without Zimbabwe, has depended centrally on the homeland church leadership’s capacity to maintain transnational connections with its own external congregations, termed Forward in Faith Ministries International (FIFMI). The article examines how transnational ties, strengthened through the phenomenal exodus from Zimbabwe from 2000 and the associated creation of new diasporic communities, have affected the church’s teaching and practice. Existing literature on globalised African Pentecostal movements elaborates how these churches can provide modes of coping, cutting across geographical and conceptual boundaries to create powerful new transnational notions of community that enable congregants to cope with circumstances of rapid change, uncertainty and spatial mobility. Here, I argue that ZAOGA’s teaching encouraged emigration over the period of the Zimbabwe crisis, but combined this with an emphasis on departure as a temporary sojourn, stressed the morality and importance of investing in the homeland, and promoted a theology of Zimbabwe as morally superior to the foreign countries where diasporic communities have grown up. A sense of transnational Pentecostal religious community has thus developed alongside the circulation of essentialised notions of national cultural difference hinging on derogatory stereotypes of foreigners while elevating the moral supremacy of Zimbabwean nationhood.

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Levitsky, Steven R., and Lucan A. Way. "Beyond Patronage: Violent Struggle, Ruling Party Cohesion, and Authoritarian Durability." Perspectives on Politics 10, no. 4 (December 2012): 869–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537592712002861.

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We explore the sources of durability of party-based authoritarian regimes in the face of crisis. Recent scholarship on authoritarianism suggests that ruling parties enhance elite cohesion—and consequently, regime durability—by providing institutionalized access the spoils of power. We argue, by contrast, that while elite access to power and spoils may ensure elite cooperation during normal times, it often fails to do so during crises. Instead, the identities, norms, and organizational structures forged during periods of sustained, violent, and ideologically-driven conflict are a critical source of cohesion—and durability—in party-based authoritarian regimes. Origins in violent conflict raise the cost of defection and provide leaders with additional (non-material) resources that can be critical to maintaining unity and discipline, even when a crisis threatens the party's hold on power. Hence, where ruling parties combine mechanisms of patronage distribution with the strong identities, solidarity ties, and discipline generated by violent origins, regimes should be most durable.We apply this argument to four party-based competitive authoritarian regimes in post-Cold War Africa: Kenya, Mozambique, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. In each of these cases, an established single- or dominant-party regime faced heightened international pressure, economic crisis, and a strong opposition challenge after 1990. Yet whereas ruling parties in Kenya and Zambia were organized almost exclusively around patronage, those in Mozambique and Zimbabwe were liberation parties that came to power via violent struggle. This difference is critical to explaining diverging post-Cold War regime outcomes: whereas ruling parties in Zambia and Kenya imploded and eventually lost power in these face of crises, those in Mozambique and Zimbabwe remained intact and regimes survived.

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Hall, Laura. "Intertextual, action-orientated, political and occasioned constructions of Zimbabwe as a country in crisis." Discourse & Society 32, no. 1 (November 5, 2020): 25–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957926520961633.

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The notion that textual, verbal and visual representations of places are more or less accurate depictions of reality has been challenged by cultural geographers and discursive psychologists who regard language as constitutive rather than reflective. This paper builds on this work by demonstrating that constructions of Zimbabwe produced by UK residents from Zimbabwe during life history interviews in 2011 appropriated other representations; were action-orientated; had political consequences; and were orientated to the interactional context in which they were produced. More specifically, I show that the interviewees challenged the ‘narrative of the nation’ promoted by the ruling party and their supporters by producing intertextual constructions of Zimbabwe as a country in crisis; attributed blame for the crisis; and accounted for their presence in the UK.

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Uliszak, Radosław. "Przejawy kryzysu we współczesnym rolnictwie." Studies of the Industrial Geography Commission of the Polish Geographical Society 18 (January 1, 2011): 101–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.24917/20801653.18.9.

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The crisis in agriculture seems to be different than in other economic sectors. This is the result of agriculture’s specificity. There is a very strong relationship between farmers and the results of their work with natural environment. These connections are much more important than in industry or services. Food production is of greatest importance. People have to eat even during very strong economic crisis. Still, there are some types of crises present in contemporary agriculture. Some of them resemble the crises present in the last thousands of years, but some of them are characteristic for current situation. In the article the following types of contemporary agricultural problems were discussed: the crisis caused by natural environment conditions (the case of Russia and India), overproduction (the case of CAP in EU), the economic crisis (the case of West), the crisis caused by political tensions (the case of Laos and Zimbabwe) as well as the situation of Polish agriculture (after Poland’s accession to EU).

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Alden, Chris. "South Africa’s «Quiet Diplomacy» and the crisis in Zimbabwe." Cadernos de Estudos Africanos, no. 2 (June 1, 2002): 187–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/cea.1341.

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Hammar, Amanda, JoAnn McGregor, and Loren Landau. "Introduction. Displacing Zimbabwe: Crisis and Construction in Southern Africa." Journal of Southern African Studies 36, no. 2 (June 2010): 263–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03057070.2010.485779.

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Raftopoulos, Brian, and Ian Phimister. "Zimbabwe Now: The Political Economy of Crisis and Coercion." Historical Materialism 12, no. 4 (2004): 355–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1569206043505301.

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Sibanda, Mxolisi. "Lessons from the conservation sector's response to a crisis environment in Zimbabwe." Oryx 48, no. 4 (March 31, 2014): 488–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605312001019.

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AbstractHere I examine how conservation organizations responded to a crisis environment in Zimbabwe. Since c. 2000 Zimbabwe has gone through a political, social and economic crisis that has led to reduced support for, and in some cases disengagement by, international and regional conservation organizations. I explore five response types on a continuum of disengagement and propose lessons for wider conservation practice. The lessons include the need to recognize that political discourse often excludes biodiversity conservation and therefore any conservation decisions based on political expediency run the risk of impeding conservation progress. Progress in conserving biodiversity requires sustained investment regardless of changing political circumstances. Such investment should include support for institutional development, local engagement, and accountability that engenders ownership of local conservation initiatives. I conclude that conservation organizations must take a long-term view of conservation and commitment to enhance conservation outcomes. This kind of engagement must be adaptive instead of based on a wait-and-see attitude or other forms of disengagement, as has been seen in Zimbabwe. Conservation organizations that disengage do so at the risk of further loss of biodiversity in some of the most biodiverse but unstable places.

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