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1
Broderick, Jim. "International crises in a sub-nuclear context : an analysis of crisis management during the crises of July 1914, Suez 1956 and the Falklands 1982." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/34635.
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This thesis examines theories of crisis management as they relate to 'sub-nuclear' crises, a term which refers to a class of international crisis occurring in an international system dominated by two superpowers, but not taking place directly between the United States and the Soviet Union. It is stressed that the approach adopted is not 'scientific' as are, for example, laboratory simulations and game theory analyses. However, the first two chapters do examine the nature of the theoretical models which underpin existing notions of crisis and crisis management and also formulate a definition of the term 'crisis' which is used in this thesis. Such a definition rests primarily on the perceptions of decision-makers themselves rather than on 'objective' systemic evaluations. Hence, the main unit of analysis is the decision-making group responsible for the formulation of policy. Yet, it is argued that a number of conceptual problems arise from an apparent predisposition, in the literature concerned with crisis and crisis management, towards the generation of theories which are designed primarily to explain the development of superpower crises. What is suggested is that a way of resolving these difficulties would be to try and reconcile the concept of 'crisis management' with that of the rationality of a use of 'limited war' as a means of ameliorating perceived political problems. It is noted that the purposes for which limited war was waged prior to the advent of nuclear weapons resemble the assumptions which govern behaviour observed during sub-nuclear crises. However, that there are significant factors which distinguish 'sub-nuclear crisis management' from both conventional crisis management and pre-nuclear era limited war strategies. The hypotheses of the first two chapters are tested in an analysis of the three historical crises which form the subject matter of the case studies: the crisis preceding the first world war, the Suez crisis of 1956 and the Falklands conflict of 1982. The concluding chapter of this study assesses the theory and practice of 'sub-nuclear crisis management' in the nuclear age.
2
Suchet, Romain. "La gestion du nucléaire en crise : une étude à travers les représentations des gestionnaires de crise." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTD016/document.
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Cette thèse est issue d'un travail d'enquête de près de quatre ans au sein de l'IRSN, un des membres du système d'acteurs en charge de la gestion de crise nucléaire. Nous sommes partis de la problématique suivante : Comment la France se prépare-t-elle à gérer un accident nucléaire et quels sont les effets de cette préparation en situation réelle d'accident, mineur ou hors du territoire national ? Grâce à un riche travail de terrain et de recherches documentaires, nous montrons dans cette thèse que la monopolisation de la construction de la « crise » par un système d'acteurs dominés par les ingénieurs du corps des Mines induit une définition très technique de la « crise » centrée sur l'aléa technique et faisant abstraction de la population. Les scénarii d'exercices de crise qui en résultent ne permettent pas aux acteurs en charge de sa gestion de se préparer à faire face aux réactions sociales provoquées par un accident nucléaire. Au contraire, cette lecture faisant abstraction de la population, est paradoxalement facteur de « crise » lors d'accidents nucléaires jugés « techniquement » mineurs. Au final, le système de gestion de crise se transforme malgré tout. Mais les évolutions organisationnelles de la gestion de crise nucléaire, notamment la prise en compte progressive de sa composante sociale, résultent moins des dispositifs de préparation à la crise que de la confrontation avec la population lors de crises nucléaires réelles<br>This thesis is the result of almost 4 years of research carried out within the IRSN, one of the actors among the different actors in charge of nuclear crisis response. We started with the following question: how France gets prepared to manage a nuclear accident situation and what are the results of this preparation in a real accident case even if it is a minor accident or if it happens abroad ? Thanks to a very fruitful documentary and in field research work, we are able to show in this thesis that the unilateral management of a "crisis" situation by the different actors organized under the leadership of high level engineers from the 'Corps de mines ", results in a very technical definition of the "crisis " focused on the technical aspects while disregarding the general public. As a consequence, emergency drills that are defined and carried out do not prepare intervention teams to manage social reactions that may be caused by a nuclear accident. To the opposite and paradoxically, such a vision that neglects the reaction of the population may generate by itself a crisis situation even when an accident is deemed to be "technically" of a minor importance. However the management system of nuclear crisis is evolving. Organizational changes in this area that progressively take into account the social factor, really result from the in field experience of dealing with the general public reactions during a real nuclear crisis. Crisis training and drills have a lesser impact on this evolution
3
Nohrstedt, Daniel. "Crisis and Policy Reformcraft : Advocacy Coalitions and Crisis-induced Change in Swedish Nuclear Energy Policy." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Department of Government, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7796.
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Thompson, Jean-Philippe. "Crisis and regime change : the nuclear nonproliferation regime and the challenge from nuclear terrorism." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=19639.
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An indirect crisis, the terrorist attacks of September 1 1 , is used as a catalyst to review the tasks of the Nuclear Nonproliferation Regime. However, it is insufficient to initiate a comprehensive change to the regime to incorporate the challenge from non-state nuclear terrorism. There will not be a change of regime, understood in terms of principles and norms. Yet, potential for change within the regime exists, with regard to rules and procedures. This is demonstrated by analysing the organisational and state levels of the regime through a synthesis of rationalist and weak-cognitivist assumptions. The organisational level is more adaptable in light of new information and more susceptible to change. Two factors limit this change. Member states will handle issues arising from the crisis outside the venue of the regime. Also, consensual knowledge among actors remains key for significant change to occur. An indirect crisis lacks the force to cultivate an epistemic community able to promote such knowledge among decision-makers.
5
Lee, Ergene. "The 1993 North Korean Nuclear Crisis: A Foreign Policy Analysis." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33477.
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In this paper I apply the Rational Actor model to the 1993-1994 North Korean
Nuclear Crisis. I begin with two hypotheses: 1) North Korea attempted nuclear armament
because of its perception of threat from South Korea and the United States; 2) North
Korea attempted nuclear armament because it wanted to use its nuclear program as
leverage to obtain economic assistance from the United States. I conduct a diplomatic
historical analysis based on the Rational Actor model to determine which was North
Koreaâ s primary objective, and conclude that the primary objective of North Korea was
obtaining economic concessions, but that threat perception did seem to play a role in the
decision to start the nuclear program. In this process, I show that the Rational Actor
model was insufficient in the analysis and that it must be complemented by cultural
factors, â thickeningâ the rationality.<br>Master of Arts
6
Hagström, Johanna. "The EU’s involvement in the Iranian nuclear crisis : A normative experiment." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-314141.
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Kumar, Rakesh. "Indian Nuclear command and control dilemma." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/2639.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited<br>The aim of the thesis is to analyze India's nuclear weapons command and control system as it has evolved since the nation's 1998 nuclear weapons tests. The small size of India's nuclear weapons arsenal does not imply that its command and control structure is simple. It requires the same infrastructure, capabilities, and operating systems possessed by countries with larger arsenals of nuclear weapons, though perhaps on a smaller scale. A small arsenal is easier to control than a large one, but it is still vulnerable to attack, and hence the issue of command and control becomes more complex. India's No-First-Use (NFU) policy states that its nuclear weapons will only be used in retaliation against a nuclear attack on Indian territory or on Indian forces anywhere. India's NFU policy makes the command and control of its nuclear weapons look simple, affordable, and easy to implement, but this policy must be examined through the prism of peacetime, crisis, and wartime situations. The smooth transition from peacetime to crisis and, if required, to wartime demands a robust command and control system. This thesis examines the requirements of such a system and provides recommendations for a command and control structure for Indian nuclear operations. The thesis investigates the U.S. command and control system and uses it as a model for a suitable option for India. While NFU has many challenges, it can be effective, provided that India adopts an operational capability of Launch After Attack (LAA), which would require a significant upgrade of command and control structure and procedures. In particular, the thesis demonstrates the role that civilians and military personnel can play to strengthen "minimum credible deterrence" within the established financial, political, and strategic parameters of India.<br>Outstanding Thesis
8
Patterson, Philip Don. "Nuclear networks : how television news covers technological crises /." Full-text version available from OU Domain via ProQuest Digital Dissertations, 1987.
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9
Han, Jonghun. "The impact of the North Korean nuclear crisis on Northeast Asia." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2007. http://bosun.nps.edu/uhtbin/hyperion-image.exe/07Dec%5FHan.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2007.<br>Thesis Advisor(s): Olsen, Edward A. ; Looney, Robert E. "December 2007." Description based on title screen as viewed on January 18, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 77-82). Also available in print.
10
Khalil, Tahira. "Nuclear proliferation in crisis regions : the case-study of South Asia." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.531619.
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Cheon, Jaeho. "When the weak challenge the strong: the North Korean nuclear crisis." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/9160.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited<br>This thesis examines the political behavior of weak states in crises through a detailed case study of the recent North Korean nuclear crisis. In the early 1990s, North Korea initiated a politcal challenge that threatened both U.S. nonproliferaiton and South Korean defense interests. North Korea manipulated the shared risks of the ensuing crisis to achieve political objectives rather than military victory, which was unobtainable due to U.S. and South korean defense efforts. It is puzzling how a small state, such as North Korea, could nevertheless successfully challenge more powerful states and not be punished. Indeed, North Korea was rewarded for its challenge. Aymmetric conflict theory states that a weaker state, even after assessing its disadvantages viv-a-vis an opponent, can successfullychallenge stronger adversaries to political and strategic advantage. In the North Korean nuclear crisis.its limited aims/fait accompli strategy--namely, developing nuclear weapons and gaining economic benefits from the West--and challenging domestic politics were the driving force behind its challenge. The findings of this study provide some theoretical insights as well as policy implications for the United States and South KKorea in their policy toward North Korean nuclear behavior
12
Kajimoto, Masato. "Cultural framing of news : from earthquake to nuclear crisis in Japan." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/197109.
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This thesis examines the news coverage of the earthquake, tsunami and nuclear crisis that devastated the country of Japan in March 2011 from a comparative standpoint. Drawing on the key concepts in the theory of social constructionism and frame analysis, the series of studies in this thesis comparatively examines how cultures and value systems factored into the process of news production, dissemination and consumption when it comes to the news stories on what the Japanese government officially named the Great East Japan Earthquake.
The first section looks at how Japan and its people were portrayed amid disaster relief efforts and analyzes how culture itself has become the topic of discussion and part of reality construction. The second section, on frame analysis, focuses on the workers at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant, often called the Fukushima 50 by the Western media, and examines the cultural characteristics that contributed to the observable discrepancies in the ways they were represented by the Japanese media and their Western counterparts.
The third study aims to shed light on the environment surrounding today’s foreign correspondents and international news reporting in the context of Japan, investigating what factors influence the ways journalist go about reporting and framing their versions of realities. The fourth section attempts to deconstruct the news narratives in terms of risk communication by paying particular attention to how people reacted to the coverage of potential dangers of radiation leaks as well as the tsunami warnings in Tohoku area.
In the end, the series of studies described above underlines how cultural factors significantly affected the ways in which the journalists covered Japan in 2011 as well as the ways news audiences understood what was going on. The thesis argues that there are two types of cultural faming that contributed greatly to the social construction of realities in the aftermath of the triple disasters.
The first type of cultural framing was observed when reporters consistently made the culture of Japan and its supposedly “unique” values as the main frame of news narratives. It often implied that the Japanese culture was somewhat exotic or alien through foreign eyes. The second type of cultural framing was observed when the cultural dispositions of journalists and audience framed the potential risk such as the incoming tsunami and the vital newsmakers such as workers in Fukushima Daiichi using familiar cultural molds. The finding accentuated the intricacy and precarious nature of “realities” in news reports. The research also indicated that when cultural factors in news process dictate and determine the focal point of reality perception, they tend to bring about racial discussions and stereotypical images in narratives.<br>published_or_final_version<br>Sociology<br>Doctoral<br>Doctor of Philosophy
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LaBauve, Jeffrey W. "China and Japan's strategic nuclear relationship." Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2009/Sep/09Sep%5FLaBauve.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Far East, Southeast Asia, and the Pacific))--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2009.<br>Thesis Advisor(s): Twomey, Christopher P. "September 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on 5 November 2009. Author(s) subject terms: Deterrence, Japan, China, Nuclear Missile Defense. Includes bibliographical references (p. 57-66). Also available in print.
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Raman, Sujatha. "The relevance of STS to peach research : the need for a third voice on nuclear strategy /." Thesis, This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-10102009-020151/.
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Roberts, Holly Ann. "ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNICATION, SOCIAL MEDIA, AND SENSEMAKING DURING A CASCADING CRISIS: TOKYO DISNEY AND THE 2011 JAPAN EARTHQUAKE/TSUNAMI/NUCLEAR CRISIS." UKnowledge, 2012. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/comm_etds/3.
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This study examines the connection between organizational crisis communication and sensemaking. In particular, the research focuses on messages of instructing, adjusting and reputation management and the use of social media in distributing these messages through and by the Tokyo Disney Resort during the earthquake/tsunami/nuclear crisis that hit Japan in 2011. Case study methods are used to analyze news coverage, Twitter and YouTube videos, informed by personal interviews and documentation related to the crisis and the Tokyo Disney Resort. The analysis found that the Tokyo Disney Resort provided messages of instructing, adjusting and reputation management in order to effectively foster the sensemaking process, which was corroborated by personal communication with cast members. Messages of instruction were delivered regularly through a park-wide speaker system and cast members who also provided instruction to minimize harm. Adjusting information was evident in effectively taking care of guests’ physical and psychological needs through provision of food, water, blankets, etc. and by keeping them updated about the status of the outside world. Finally, messages of reputation management were apparent in the Resort’s willingness to put people above profit by sacrificing food, products and money to help victims of the disaster.
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Foster, Amara. "The North Korean nuclear imbroglio and the United States : is there a solution to the nuclear crisis? /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2005. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09arf7541.pdf.
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George, William Carleton University Dissertation Political Science. "A critical appraisal of the strategic studies literature on nuclear crisis stability." Ottawa, 1987.
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18
Sokolowski, Richard D. "CRISPR RNA biogenesis by a Cas6 nuclease." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/6861.
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Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPRs) and associated (Cas) proteins form the basis of a prokaryotic adaptive immune system. Acquired sections of viral DNA are stored within the host genome as ‘spacers' flanked by ‘repeat' sequences. The CRISPR arrays are transcribed and processed to release mature CRISPR RNAs (crRNAs) – containing a single, intact spacer sequence – that are used by effector complexes to base-pair with matching hostile genetic elements and silence future infections. crRNA-biogenesis is thus an essential step within the defence pathway. Within Type I and III systems, the primary processing of the CRISPR transcript at repeat sites is performed almost exclusively by the CRISPR-specific riboendonuclease, Cas6. This thesis seeks to probe the catalytic mechanism of a Cas6 enzyme from the crenarchaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus (sso). Despite analogous generation of crRNA, ssoCas6 paralogues differ from previously characterised Cas6 examples in their lack of a canonical active site histidine residue. The work here builds on recent crystallographic evidence that the ssoCas6-1 paralogue unexpectedly adopts a dimeric conformation (PDB 3ZFV, 4ILR), to show that not only is the ssoCas6-1 dimer stable in solution but that this atypical arrangement is important to the activity of this particular enzyme. Furthermore, the ssoCas6-1 paralogue is shown to be the first in this family of endonucleases to employ multiple-turnover kinetics. The widespread diversity in Cas6 catalytic mechanisms reflects the plastic nature of the Cas6 active site and rapid co-evolution with substrate repeat sequences. The CRISPR/Cas environment within S. solfataricus is highly complex, containing three co-existing system types (Type I-A, III-A, III-B), five Cas6 paralogues and two families of CRISPR loci (AB and CD) that differ by repeat sequence. By probing the activity of an additional ssoCas6 paralogue (ssoCas6-3), which reveals different substrate specificities to those of ssoCas6-1, evidence emerges for functional coupling between ssoCas6 paralogues and downstream effector complexes, sufficient to regulate crRNA uptake and possibly even complex assembly.
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Uzmez, Sena. "Iranian Nuclear Crisis And Its Impact On Us-iranian Relations Between 1953-2008." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612879/index.pdf.
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ABSTRACT
IRANIAN NUCLEAR CRISIS
AND
ITS IMPACT ON US-IRANIAN RELATIONS BETWEEN 1953-2008
Ü<br>zmez, Sena
M.S., Department of International Relations
Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ö<br>zlem Tü<br>r
December 2010, 101 pages
This thesis analyzes the U.S.-Iran relations in accordance with Iranian Nuclear Crisis
from a historical perspective. Analyzing the U.S.-Iran relations since 1953 until
2008, it is possible to see that as the two countries&rsquo<br>perceptions towards each other
change, their policies towards the nuclear issue change, too. While nuclear
developments were not a threat for the two states that were close allies during the
Shah Era, the perceptions totally changed after the Islamic Revolution. However,
even if US and Iran started to perceive each other as a threat, nuclear issue lost its
importance because of Khomeini&rsquo<br>s approach in this period. With the September 11,
2001 attacks, the American approach has changed not only regarding the Middle
East, but also regarding the nuclear issue in Iran. The Nuclear Crisis that started in
2002 by the announcement of secret nuclear centrals escalated to its peak with the
election of Ahmedinejad as the president. Different historical facts that were
experienced at different periods shaped perceptions of two nations towards each
other. As these perceptions change towards each other, their perceptions regarding
the nuclear issue and their policies have changed, too. In this study, how these two
nations&rsquo<br>perceptions towards each other were shaped and their approaches regarding
the nuclear issue influenced by the historical events will be examined and analyzed.
20
Yoon, Seongwon. "Distorted security discourses : the ROK's securitisation of the Korean nuclear crisis, 2003-2013." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/15865.
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South Korea’s security discourse on the nuclear threat posed by North Korea has been dichotomised by its position within the political spectrum between the progressives and conservatives. By drawing upon Securitisation Theory (ST), this study challenges the current security discourse in South Korea, which has divided and misled the public as well as securitising actors. This study examines the security discourses of the Roh Moo-hyun (2003–2008) and Lee Myung-bak (2008–2013) administrations, since they represent the archetypes of the progressives and conservatives respectively. The results of the analysis suggest that the current security discourses that have been prevalent in South Korea do not correspond with reality and, subsequently, the discourses were not able to deal with real challenges that the nuclear threat posed. This research also explains the root cause of the distorted security discourses by applying a ‘discursive chasm’ as a preliminary concept, which indicates a discursive structure that fundamentally impedes the performance of securitising actors’ articulation, and that distorts the discursive formation (securitisation processes). The chasms consist of three elusive discourses: first, a discourse on threats that cannot simply be said to be either imminent or not imminent (nuclear weapons as materiality and discourse); second, a discourse on the other that cannot easily be defined (the difficulty of representation of North Korea); and third, a discourse on measures that cannot easily be realised (intangible extraordinary measures).
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Yoon, Seongwon. "Distorted Security Discourses. The ROK’s Securitisation of the Korean Nuclear Crisis, 2003–2013." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/15865.
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South Korea’s security discourse on the nuclear threat posed by North Korea has been dichotomised by its position within the political spectrum between the progressives and conservatives. By drawing upon Securitisation Theory (ST), this study challenges the current security discourse in South Korea, which has divided and misled the public as well as securitising actors. This study examines the security discourses of the Roh Moo-hyun (2003–2008) and Lee Myung-bak (2008–2013) administrations, since they represent the archetypes of the progressives and conservatives respectively. The results of the analysis suggest that the current security discourses that have been prevalent in South Korea do not correspond with reality and, subsequently, the discourses were not able to deal with real challenges that the nuclear threat posed. This research also explains the root cause of the distorted security discourses by applying a ‘discursive chasm’ as a preliminary concept, which indicates a discursive structure that fundamentally impedes the performance of securitising actors’ articulation, and that distorts the discursive formation (securitisation processes). The chasms consist of three elusive discourses: first, a discourse on threats that cannot simply be said to be either imminent or not imminent (nuclear weapons
as materiality and discourse); second, a discourse on the other that cannot easily be defined (the difficulty of representation of North Korea); and third, a discourse on measures that cannot easily be realised (intangible extraordinary measures).
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Labaudiniere, Margaux Salome. "Three Mile Island, Chernobyl, and the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Crises: An Argument for Normal Accident Theory." Thesis, Boston College, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/2616.
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Thesis advisor: Donald Fishman<br>This paper will study three particular accidents in the nuclear industry: Three Mile Island, Chernobyl, and the Fukushima Daiichi plant. These crises will be evaluated through a crisis management framework, using two main accident theories: Normal Accident Theory, and High Reliability Theory. The examination of the crises and the organizations involved will show that no matter how reliable the complex systems are, accidents are inevitable in the nuclear industry. High reliability theory expresses an ideal for complex organizations. While following the theory’s suggestions can limit some problems from occurring, acting as a mindful and reliable organization cannot prevent all disasters. The three cases presented in this paper will show that Normal Accident Theory must be accepted by the nuclear industry. Thus, governments and nuclear power plant operators must be prepared with crisis management plans in order to successfully handle emergency situations and limit damages. The first part of this paper will introduce Normal Accident Theory and High Reliability Theory. Then, after a brief overview of the basics of nuclear power, Three Mile Island, Chernobyl, and Fukushima Daiichi will be examined in the theoretical framework, including a discussion of each event’s crisis management techniques<br>Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2012<br>Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences<br>Discipline: College Honors Program<br>Discipline: Communication
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Bluth, Christoph. "Crisis on the Korean peninsula." Potomac Books, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5816.
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Jones, R. Martin. "The strategic decision processes and information needs of nuclear government-oversight-agency managers." Diss., This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06062008-172115/.
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Ives, John M. "Four kilograms to tip the scale : China's exploitation of the North Korean nuclear crisis /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2007. http://bosun.nps.edu/uhtbin/hyperion-image.exe/07Dec%5FIves.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2007.<br>Thesis Advisor(s): Miller, Alice L. "December 2007." Description based on title screen as viewed on January 18, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 75-83). Also available in print.
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Wieninger, William A. "Nuclear deterrence : neither necessary nor sufficient for peace." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=85030.
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This thesis carefully examines the question of the effect of nuclear weapons possession on international relations through a detailed examination of all international crises between nuclear powers, as identified by the International Crisis Behavior Project (ICB). It distinguishes itself from similar studies in four key areas. First, by including the recent dyadic nuclear crises between India and Pakistan, this study significantly expands the number of cases under consideration. Next, the India-Pakistan crises provide an opportunity for a novel comparison to the US-USSR crises of the Cold War.<br>Third, this work is unique among studies of nuclear deterrence in its combined use of qualitative and quantitative methodology. The quantitative analysis uses ordered logit with the ICB data set on a variety of variables, discussed below, that do not lend themselves to standard regression techniques. The qualitative analysis examines whether or not nuclear weapons caused decision-makers on both sides of each crises to refrain from escalation due to fear of nuclear catastrophe. Finally, this study compares the effect of mutual nuclear weapons capability with the effects of democracy and interdependence on the level of violence in crises.<br>Ultimately, this thesis finds that nuclear proliferation is far less successful at preventing war among states in dyadic nuclear crises than is commonly believed. In only one of 17 crises (the Cuban Missile Crisis) is it clear that mutual possession of nuclear weapons caused leaders on both sides to eschew war. Relative to nuclear weapons possession, democracy and trade were found to be significantly more effective at limiting violence in crises and preventing war. Moreover, regimes suffering a lack of legitimacy in either the international community or among their neighbors had a significantly higher level of violence in crises.<br>Taken together, these findings have significant implications for public policy regarding nuclear proliferation, suggesting that the international community should work even more diligently to prevent nuclear proliferation, while working to strengthen democratic regimes, increase interstate trade, and reduce the international isolation of states such as North Korea and Iran.
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Shaffer, Ryan. "The Federal Judicial Vacancy Crisis: Origins and Solutions." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/321.
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This paper examines the causes of the rise in vacancies on the federal courts in recent decades. Under President Barack Obama, the number of vacancies on the federal courts has sharply jumped. This is due to firm opposition by Senate Republicans, who have used the various procedural tools of that body to make it difficult for nominees to get confirmation. This antagonism is the result of a shift in how the parties view the courts and their role in the American political process. The Warren Court's expansion of substantive due process rights increased the Court's powers to the chagrin of conservatives. Republicans responded by blocking the nomination of Abe Fortas for Chief Justice; Democrats retaliated by defeating several of Richard Nixon's nominees to replace Fortas. These battles, and the prominence of legal issues such as abortion, would culminate in the vicious fight over Ronald Reagan's nomination of Robert Bork to the Court, which influenced increasingly bitter fights in recent decades. I also propose a possible solution to the obstruction problem, inspired by procedures used in jury selection.
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Benasciutti, Michael <1994>. "La Crisi Nucleare nella penisola coreana: il ruolo dell’Unione Europea nell'Agreed Framework del 1994." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/14289.
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L’elaborato di questa tesi si concentra sulla storia dell’Agreed Framework, inserito nel contesto storico della crisi nucleare che ha avuto luogo nella penisola coreana durante l’amministrazione Clinton (1993-2001), sul contributo dell’Unione Europea dato all’organizzazione KEDO (1997-2006) e a come gli eventi abbiano contribuito all’affermazione dell’Unione Europea come attore internazionale in Asia.
La crisi che si verificò in più riprese durante il periodo 1993 – 1998 fu causata principalmente dal rifiuto da parte della Corea del Nord nell’accettare le ispezioni del suo sito nucleare più importante, quello di Yongbyon, da parte dell’agenzia internazionale per l’energia atomica, la IAEA, senza ricevere nulla in cambio e dall’intransigenza degli Stati Uniti di portare Pyongyang a rispettare i termini sottoscritti dal Trattato di Non Proliferazione Nucleare (TNP) prima di procedere a qualsiasi tipologia di accordo.
L’amministrazione Clinton doveva affrontare una situazione potenzialmente pericolosa cercando di porvi una soluzione accettabile per entrambe in modo che il governo di Pyongyang sottostia agli obblighi imposti dal TNP e garantisca lo svolgersi delle ispezioni.
Il lavoro si compone di tre parti così suddivise:
Prima parte: la Crisi diplomatica e il nucleare;
seconda parte: la nascita dell’Unione Europea e la difficile affermazione della sua politica internazionale.;
terza parte: il contributo dato dall’Unione Europea all’organizzazione KEDO e la crescente influenza della politica estera europea con i Paesi Asiatici.
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Lin, Yanni. "Design and optimization of engineered nucleases for genome editing applications." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/54249.
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Genome editing mediated by engineered nucleases, including Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nucleases (TALENs) and Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) / CRISPR-associated (Cas) systems, holds great potential in a broad range of applications, including biomedical studies and disease treatment. In addition to creating cell lines and disease models, this technology allows generation of well-defined, genetically modified cells and organisms with novel characteristics that can be used to cure diseases, study gene functions, and facilitate drug development. However, achieving both high efficiency and high specificity remains a major challenge in nuclease-based genome editing. The objectives of this thesis were to optimize the design of TALENs to achieve high on-target cleavage activity, and analyze the off-target effect of CRISPR/Cas to help achieve high specificity. Based on experimental evaluation of >200 TALENs, we compared three different TALEN architectures, proposed new TALEN design rules, and developed a Scoring Algorithm for Predicting TALEN Activity (SAPTA) to identify optimal target sites with high activity. We also performed a systematic study to demonstrate the off-target cleavage by CRISPR/Cas9 when DNA sequences contain insertions or deletions compared to the RNA guide strand. Our results strongly indicate the need to perform comprehensive off-target analysis, and suggest specific guidelines for reducing potential off-target cleavage of CRISPR/Cas9 systems. The studies performed in this thesis work provide important insight and powerful tools for the optimization of engineered nucleases in genome editing, thus making a significant contribution to biomedical engineering and medical applications.
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Haas, Simone [Verfasser], Anton [Akademischer Betreuer] Cathomen, and Stephan [Akademischer Betreuer] Ehl. "Tracing the specificity of CRISPR-Cas nucleases in clinically relevant human cells." Freiburg : Universität, 2019. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:25-freidok-1514002.
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Haas, Simone Alexandra [Verfasser], Anton [Akademischer Betreuer] Cathomen, and Stephan [Akademischer Betreuer] Ehl. "Tracing the specificity of CRISPR-Cas nucleases in clinically relevant human cells." Freiburg : Universität, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1233965611/34.
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Cerro, Jordi del. "La Generación de energía eléctrica en la época franquista, 1940-1975." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/89368.
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La tesis estudia la evolución del parque de generación de energía eléctrica durante el franquismo (1940-1975). En este período comenzó la formación de un sistema unificado de explotación, y durante su desarrollo se pasó de 1.731Mw a 25.467Mw.
El sistema que se denominó “autorregulación”, permitió la coexistencia de las empresas eléctricas privadas, agrupadas alrededor de UNESA y el INI en su vertiente eléctrica. Sin embargo, las decisiones y la política eléctrica, y más tarde energética, estuvo directamente influida por el gobierno.
Se analiza la importancia de las fuentes (hidráulica, carbón, fuel oil, gas natura, nuclear) de energía primaria en la generación de energía eléctrica. Asimismo, se estudia, aunque no de manera exhaustiva el impacto del medio ambiente y sus consecuencias y efectos a largo plazo. Todo ello se desarrolla en el contexto histórico pertinente bajo una vertiente técnico-económica.<br>The thesis studies the evolution of the power generation system of electricity, during the Franco’s Regime (1940-1975). In this period, it began the construction of a unified system of exploitation, where the power installed was moved from 1.731Mw to 25.467Mw.
The system was called "self regulation", allowing the coexistence of private electric companies, grouped around UNESA and the INI in its electrical aspect. However, the decisions and the power policy, and later on the energy, was directly influenced by the government.
It discusses the importance of the primary energy sources (hydro, coal, fuel oil, natural gas, nuclear) in electric power generation. However, it is not intended to illustrate a comprenhensive explanation of the environmental impact and its consequences and effects long term. To sum up, all this takes place in the relevant historical context in a technical and economical perspective.
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Lee, Eric Yong-Sun. "Failure of the agreed framework an institutionalist perspective on the North Korean nuclear crisis, 1994-2002 /." Cincinnati, Ohio University of Cincinnati, 2005. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=ucin1109013350.
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Hamilton, Cade. "A rhetorical history of the North Korean nuclear crisis: How three presidents talked about the bomb." Thesis, Wichita State University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10057/2035.
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This research attempted to analyze the North Korean nuclear crisis using a rhetorical history that evaluated the discursive framings of the George H.W. Bush, William J. Clinton, and George W. Bush administrations. I used an inductive format to use rhetorical criticism to create interpretive lenses for each presidential administration. Studying each presidential administration’s rhetoric provided for a number of thematic elements that informed the context of the crisis. I found the George H.W. Bush administration deployed a rhetoric of compliance. This rhetorical frame failed to meet the needs of the North Koreans to be seen as legitimate. The William J. Clinton administration used a rhetoric of negotiation. Clinton’s rhetorical posture was unable to account for the suspicions of the Republican Congress elected in 1996 that derailed the Agreed Framework of 1994. The George W. Bush administration utilized a rhetoric of verification. George W. Bush’s rhetorical choices produced the six-party accord, but ultimately may not be able to satisfy the need for complete transparency. This is especially true in light of the events surrounding North Korea and Syria’s nuclear program. It was concluded that each presidential administration failed to satisfy the exigency of the situation due to a number of constraints. By studying these rhetorical constraints, scholars can better understand the role that presidential rhetoric and history play in how events unfold.<br>Thesis [M.A.] - Wichita State University, College of Liberal Arts and Science, Elliot School of Communication
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LEE, ERIC YONG-SUN. "FAILURE OF THE AGREED FRAMEWORK: AN INSTITUTIONALIST PERSPECTIVE ON THE NORTH KOREAN NUCLEAR CRISIS, 1994-2002." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1109013350.
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Hamilton, Cade Jarman Jeffrey. "A rhetorical history of the North Korean nuclear crisis How three presidents talked about the bomb /." A link to full text of this thesis in SOAR, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10057/2035.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Wichita State University, College of Liberal Arts and Science, Elliot School of Communication.<br>This research attempted to analyze the North Korean nuclear crisis using a rhetorical history that evaluated the discursive framings of the George H.W. Bush, William J. Clinton, and George W. Bush administrations. I used an inductive format to use rhetorical criticism to create interpretive lenses for each presidential administration. Studying each presidential administration's rhetoric provided for a number of thematic elements that informed the context of the crisis. I found the George H.W. Bush administration deployed a rhetoric of compliance. This rhetorical frame failed to meet the needs of the North Koreans to be seen as legitimate. The William J. Clinton administration used a rhetoric of negotiation. Clinton's rhetorical posture was unable to account for the suspicions of the Republican Congress elected in 1996 that derailed the Agreed Framework of 1994. The George W. Bush administration utilized a rhetoric of verification. George W. Bush's rhetorical choices produced the six-party accord, but ultimately may not be able to satisfy the need for complete transparency. This is especially true in light of the events surrounding North Korea and Syria's nuclear program. It was concluded that each presidential administration failed to satisfy the exigency of the situation due to a number of constraints. By studying these rhetorical constraints, scholars can better understand the role that presidential rhetoric and history play in how events unfold.
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Roberts, Jonathan Mark. "'In the eye of the hurricane' : decision making during international crises." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.328985.
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Brandl, Christina Lisa [Verfasser]. "Genome engineering in mice using TALEN or CRISPR/Cas9 nucleases / Christina Lisa Brandl." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1100968652/34.
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Biset, Jean-Marie. "Apport de l'imagerie par résonance magnétique au bilan diagnostique des crises partielles rebelles au traitement médical." Bordeaux 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR25296.
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Dewan, Jay P. "How will the Indian MIlitary's upgrade and modernization of its ISR, precision strike, and missile defense affect the stability in South Asia /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2005. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/05Mar%5FDewan.pdf.
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Ansai, Satoshi. "Targeted mutagenesis in medaka using targetable nuclease systems." Kyoto University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/215591.
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Kyoto University (京都大学)<br>0048<br>新制・課程博士<br>博士(農学)<br>甲第19765号<br>農博第2161号<br>新制||農||1039(附属図書館)<br>学位論文||H28||N4981(農学部図書室)<br>32801<br>京都大学大学院農学研究科応用生物科学専攻<br>(主査)教授 佐藤 健司, 教授 澤山 茂樹, 准教授 田川 正朋<br>学位規則第4条第1項該当
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Machado, Tariana Brocardo. "Comunicação de risco na perspectiva da área nuclear no Brasil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/27/27154/tde-21032017-110232/.
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O presente trabalho objetiva refletir sobre a comunicação da área nuclear no Brasil na perspectiva dos profissionais responsáveis por realizá-la. Dado que a comunicação do setor acontece no âmbito público e trata de temáticas associadas a risco, ela é investigada na óptica da comunicação pública e da comunicação de risco, sobre o que também reflete este trabalho, além de lidar com os elementos da cultura brasileira presentes no processo comunicacional. Nesse contexto, observou-se a presença de mitos da comunicação de risco e o alinhamento da percepção por parte das organizações com as políticas de comunicação eficaz de risco específicas da área nuclear. O método do estudo realizado é caracterizado por ser de tipo descritivo, de abordagem qualitativa, com coleta de dados primários, feita por meio de entrevista com escolha de amostra não-probabilística e com análise de conteúdo categorial. Entrevistaram-se oito profissionais sêniores das áreas técnica, de gestão e de comunicação de três organizações da área nuclear - CNEN, Eletronuclear e IPEN - entre outubro de 2015 e março de 2016, presencialmente e por telefone. Como resultados principais, foram encontrados a pluralidade de conceitos de risco para os diferentes entrevistados, bem como de públicos identificados como estratégicos para o estabelecimento ou estreitamento de relacionamento por parte das organizações e a diversidade de porta-vozes apontados como ideais responsáveis pela comunicação. Houve apontamentos tanto na direção de uma comunicação dialógica, ideal, quanto unidirecional, de transmissão de mensagens cunhadas pelas organizações para assimilação por parte do público, apesar das constantes referências a transparência e clareza. A presença do mito da comunicação de risco de que a área trata de assuntos muito complexos para o entendimento do público e do traço cultural do brasileiro de postura de espectador também foi marcante, tal qual a percepção de que a aceitação pública da energia nuclear é uma das principais barreiras para a comunicação com a sociedade, que segue com medo desta área ainda desconhecida. Com esses resultados, visa-se a contribuir com o Brasil no apoio aos agentes públicos do setor na tomada de decisão em relação ao estabelecimento de estratégias e planos de comunicação para o melhor relacionamento com os diferentes segmentos da sociedade brasileira.<br>This study aims to reflect on the communication held by the nuclear sector in Brazil in the perspective of the professionals responsible for it. As the industry\'s communication takes place in the public environment and deals with issues associated with risk, it is investigated from the viewpoint of public communication and risk communication, on which also reflects this work, in addition to dealing with the elements of the Brazilian culture present in the process. In this context, there was observed the presence of risk communication myths and the alignment of perception by organizations with the effective risk communication policies specifically designed for the nuclear field. The research method is characterized by being descriptive, with qualitative approach, with collection of primary data made through interviews with non-probability sampling and categorical content analysis. There were interviewed eight senior technical, management and communication professionals of three organizations in the nuclear field - CNEN, Eletronuclear and IPEN - between October 2015 and March 2016, in person and by phone. The main results found were the plurality of concepts of risk for different respondents, as well as several audiences identified as strategic for the establishment or strengthening of relationship by organizations and the diversity of spokespersons pointed out as ideally responsible for communicating. There were notes both toward a dialogic communication, ideal, and the unidirectional transmission of messages created by organizations for the public´s assimilation, despite constant references made to transparency and clarity. The presence of the risk communication myth that states the field deals with issues which are too complex for public understanding and the cultural trait which focuses on the viewer posture of Brazilians in the interviews was also striking, as is the perception that the lack of public acceptance of nuclear energy is the main barrier to communication with society, who is afraid of this still unknown field. With these results, the aim is to contribute to Brazil in supporting public sector agents in decision-making in relation to the establishment of strategies and communication plans for improving the relationship with the different segments of Brazilian society.
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Hsu, Patrick David. "Development of the CRISPR nuclease Cas9 for high precision mammalian genome engineering." Thesis, Harvard University, 2014. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:13068392.
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Recent advances in genome engineering technologies based on the CRISPR-associated RNA-guided endonuclease Cas9 are enabling the systematic interrogation of genome function. Analogous to the search function in modern word processors, Cas9 can be guided to specific locations within complex genomes by a short RNA search string. Using this system, DNA sequences within the endogenous genome and their functional outputs are now easily edited or modulated in virtually any organism of choice. Cas9-mediated genetic perturbation is simple and scalable, empowering researchers to elucidate the functional organization of the genome at the systems level and establish causal linkages between genetic variations and biological phenotypes. To facilitate successful and specific Cas9 targeting, we first optimize the guide RNAs (sgRNA) to significantly enhance gene editing efficiency and consistency. We also systematically characterize Cas9 targeting specificity in human cells to inform the selection of target sites and avoid off-target mutagenesis. We find that SpCas9 tolerates mismatches between guide RNA and target DNA at different positions in a sequence-dependent manner, sensitive to the number, position and distribution of mismatches. We also show that Cas9-mediated cleavage is unaffected by DNA methylation and that the dosage of Cas9 and sgRNA can be titrated to minimize off-target modification. Additionally, we provide a web-based software tool to guide the selection and validation of target sequences as well as off-target analyses. We next demonstrate that Cas9 nickase mutants can be used with paired guide RNAs to introduce targeted double-strand breaks. Because individual nicks in the genome are repaired with high fidelity, simultaneous nicking via appropriately offset guide RNAs can reduce off-target activity by over 1,500-fold in human cells. In collaboration with researchers at the University of Tokyo, we further identified a PAM-interacting domain of the Cas9 nuclease that dictates Cas9 target recognition specificity. Finally, we present protocols that provide experimentally derived guidelines for the selection of target sites, evaluation of cleavage efficiency and analysis of off-target activity. Beginning with target design, gene modifications can be achieved within as little as 1-2 weeks. Taken together, this work enables a variety of genome engineering applications from basic biology to biotechnology and medicine.
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Beaulieu-Brossard, Philippe. "'Bomb', 'sanction', or engage'? : the theory/political practice of the Iranian nuclear crisis from the American perspective (1998-2014)." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/6085.
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This thesis argues that the debate over the relationship between Theory and political practice has reached a dead-end in IR. Most scholars taking part in this debate based their claims on meta-theoretical assumptions, which explains the inability to settle the debate. This logic not only discouraged empirical enquiries, but also undermined reflexivity. Instead, this thesis calls for the translation of these meta-theoretical assumptions into a methodology and into methods to produce empirical knowledge by which to explore the relationships between Theory and political practice on specific issues. To this end, the thesis investigates relationships between American IR academic discourse and senior officials discourse and their effects on US foreign policy towards Iran between 1998 and 2014. The thesis provides a typology to map and to assess the gaps in the debate over the relationship between Theory and political practice in IR. This typology is composed of four ideal-types: Theory to political practice, Theory vs. political practice, Theory as political practice and practice to political practice. The thesis also translates meta-theoretical assumptions drawn from Wittgenstein and Foucault into a methodology to generate empirical knowledge on specific relationships between Theory and political practice. This methodology enables to trace an evolving system of thoughts expressed in the Theory and political practice of the Iranian nuclear crisis and to expose what this system does to US society and foreign policy. Three elements compose this system: the certainty of democratic teleology, the certainty of uncertainty and the certainty of smart power. The thesis claims that IR knowledge production on Iran mostly acted as symbolic knowledge morphing uncertainties about Iran into certainties for US governmental power. Only then could senior officials produce a judgement against Iran and implement disciplinary measures in the form of sanctions, covert actions, and military threats.
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Elvström, Rebecca. "Agenda setting and IR in the Twitter era - The Case of Donald Trump and the North Korean nuclear crisis." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Statsvetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-149826.
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The aim of this thesis was to analyze and discuss how and why the traditional agenda setting process, as it is presented by Kingdon through the concepts of problems, politics and policy, can be seen in a new light of social media (tweets) and the concept of identity, by studying the case of American president Donald Trump and investigate his use of Twitter for agenda setting in the ongoing North Korean nuclear crisis. This thesis used a case study method to study the material of 28 tweets made by Trump about North Korea. The analysis revealed that Kingdon’s traditional agenda setting theory was useful for understanding the material, however an addition of looking at the concept of identity creation which is important within social media and International Relations (IR). The concept of identity helped to understand Trump’s agenda setting in a new light, where identity creation helped to discover an ‘us-and-them’ dynamic.
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Sudnik, John. ""Dirty bomb" attack assessing New York City's level of preparedness from a first responder's perspective /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2006. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/06Mar%5FSudnik.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Homeland Security and Defense)--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2006.<br>Thesis Advisor(s): Christopher Bellavita. "March 2006." Includes bibliographical references (p. 93-97). Also available online.
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Lee, Hyon K. David. "Unification strategy for North and South Korea the most prudent U.S. policy option to solve the North Korean nuclear crisis." Thesis, Monterey California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/1390.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited<br>The North Korean nuclear issue reached a dangerous impasse in the recent months as North Korea continues to resist international pressure to halt its nuclear weapons and missile programs. North Korea watchers and nuclear experts estimate that North Korea could have up to six or seven plutonium-based nuclear bombs by now. Indeed, North Korea announced to the world in October 2003 that they now have the capability of "nuclear deterrence." All would agree that a nuclear-weaponized North Korea will have grave consequences on the Korean Peninsula and the East Asia region. Accordingly, this thesis contends that the Bush administration miscalculated in its policy on North Korea by letting their "preemption" doctrine cloud their judgment on what is the most feasible and prudent policy vis--Ì vis North Korea. So, what now? What should the US policy toward North Korea be going forward? Given the events in the last year or so, this paper makes the assumption that North Korea already possesses nuclear weapons. Indeed, the CIA has made formal statements saying that North Korea, in essence, already possesses nuclear weapons. The intelligence service believes that conventional explosives tests, conducted since the 1980s, have allowed the North Koreans to verify that their nuclear designs would work. The agency believes North Korea has one or two nuclear weapons similar to what the United States dropped on Hiroshima during World War II. Given these circumstances and the policy options available to the Bush administration, the best course of action and the most elegant solution to this messy problem, is to adopt a policy of unifying the two Koreas. A reunified Korea would satisfy most U.S. interests and would solve the most pressing and dangerous problem: the nuclear issue. Granted, it is not the most optimal option and there are some potential drawbacks but, nevertheless, it is the best option available. In this scenario, there is no "good" option; one has to choose the "least-worse" policy option. In essence, the U.S. has to make the best of a bad situation.<br>Major, United States Air Force
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Park, John Sang-Hyoung. "An examination of the role of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) inspections during the 1994 North Korean nuclear crisis." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.412974.
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Mun, Byeongcheol. "The North Korean nuclear crisis and the Six Party Talks : organising international security : hegemony, concert of powers, and collective security." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/762.
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The end of the Cold war has brought with it the emergence of the new international security environment. State actors can no longer calculate their national interests as they did it before. Thus, it seems sensible to explore the question of how security is being organised in the post-Cold War era. In addition to a significant change in the structure of the international system, a new security concern has emerged. That is, as a result of the termination of two superpowers rivalry between the US and the former USSR, there has been an important change in global nuclear proliferation arena. For example, nuclear proliferation challenge which comes from „suspect states‟ such as Libya and North Korea has become a key issue in relation to nuclear proliferation. The North Korean nuclear crisis has gone through very different historical phases between 2001 and 2008. The first phase of the North Korean nuclear crisis saw the bilateral confrontation between the US and North Korea. The second phase demonstrated the multilateralisation of the North Korean nuclear issue through China‟s proactive engagement in the nuclear issue. The third phase could be distinguished by the United Nations‟ involvement in dealing with the North Korean case. Each phase of the North Korean nuclear crisis has revealed its unique characteristics regarding the notion of international security. Each phase has seen the operation of different security models: the first phase can be interpreted from the perspective of a hegemonic power structure; the second phase might be understood as the operation of a concert of powers; the third phase can be relevant to the notion of collective security. To sum up, the North Korean case can be regarded as a good example which describes how security is being organised in the post-Cold War era. In conclusion, it seems difficult to consider that security in the post Cold War era can be organised through a single way. Rather, it seems reasonable to take into account the mixture of divergent security models when managing security issues in the post-Cold War era.
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Détourné, Gwénaëlle. "Characterisation of Nuclear Envelope-Associated Proteins (NEAPs) in Arabidopsis thaliana." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CLFAC021/document.
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Au cours de l'évolution, les cellules eucaryotes ont acquis une enveloppe nucléaire (NE) renfermant et protégeant le génome organisé en chromatine, une structure où l'ADN s’enroule autour de protéines histones. La NE est composé de deux membranes : du côté nucléoplasmique, la membrane nucléaire interne (INM) et du côté cytoplasmique, la membrane nucléaire externe. La NE permet la communication entre les deux compartiments par le biais des complexes de pores nucléaires et relie le cytosquelette au nucléosquelette via le complexe LINC (LInker of Nucleoskeleton to Cytoskeleton). Ainsi, le nucléosquelette associé à l'INM est nécessaire pour transmettre des signaux au noyau et induire des changements dans l'organisation de la chromatine et finalement dans l'expression des gènes.Une nouvelle famille de protéines associées à l'enveloppe nucléaire (NEAP),proposées comme nouveaux composants du nucléosquelette de la plante, a récemment été mise en évidence dans la plante modèle Arabidopsis thaliana. Ces protéines sont codées par une famille de trois gènes et sont ciblées vers le noyau via un NLS où elles sont ancrées à l'INM via leur domaine transmembranaire C-terminal. Les protéines AtNEAPs possèdent également plusieurs longs domaines en spirale (coiled-coil) rappelant la structure des lamines chez les animaux. Cette thèse visait à réaliser une analyse fonctionnelle des AtNEAPs à l'aide de lignées mutantes T-DNA et CRISPR/Cas9. L'interactome AtNEAP a été étudié par des approches moléculaires (Yeast Two Hybrid), indiquant des interactions entre AtNEAPs pouvant former des homo- ou hétéro-dimères; ainsi que la localisation et la co-localisation in vivo couplées à de l’imagerie (apFRET), qui ont confirmé les interactions avec le facteur de transcription (TF) AtbZIP18. Les anticorps spécifiques à AtNEAP générés au cours de cette étude ont été utilisés pour confirmer l'expression in vivo. En outre, les résultats ont indiqué que les AtNEAPs font partie du nucléosquelette et jouent un rôle dans l’ancrage des TF à l’INM afin de maintenir la morphologie nucléaire et l’organisation de la chromatine<br>During evolution, eukaryotic cells have acquired a nuclear envelope (NE) enclosingand protecting the genome, which is organized in chromatin, a structure wrapping DNAaround histone proteins. The NE is composed of two membranes: on the nucleoplasmic side,the Inner Nuclear Membrane (INM) and on the cytoplasmic side, the Outer NuclearMembrane. The NE allows communication between both compartments through Nuclear PoreComplexes and bridges the cytoskeleton to the nucleoskeleton through the LInker ofNucleoskeleton to Cytoskeleton complex. Thus, the nucleoskeleton associated with the INMis needed to transmit signals to the nucleus and induce changes in chromatin organisation andultimately gene expression.A novel family of NUCLEAR ENVELOPE ASSOCIATED PROTEINS (NEAPs)proposed to be new components of the plant nucleoskeleton has been recently evidenced inthe model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. AtNEAP proteins are encoded by a small gene familycomposed of three genes and are targeted through a nuclear localisation signal to the nucleuswhere they are anchored at the INM through their C-terminal transmembrane domain.AtNEAPs also possess several long coiled-coil domains reminiscent of the lamin structure inanimals. This thesis aimed at performing a functional analysis of AtNEAPs using T-DNAinsertion and CRISPR/Cas9 mutant lines. The AtNEAP interactome was investigated bymolecular approaches (Yeast Two Hybrid), which indicated AtNEAP interactions with eachother to form homo or hetero-dimers; as well as in vivo localisation and co-localisationcoupled to image analyses (apFRET, acceptor photobleaching Fluorescence ResonanceEnergy Transfer), which confirmed interactions with the transcription factor (TF) AtbZIP18.AtNEAP specific antibodies generated during this study were used to confirm expression invivo. Altogether, results indicated that AtNEAPs are part of the nucleoskeleton, with a role inanchoring TFs at the INM to maintain nuclear morphology and chromatin organisation