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Journal articles on the topic 'Crisis of depiction'
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1
Nitsch, Cordula, and Dennis Lichtenstein. "Satirizing international crises. The depiction of the Ukraine, Greek debt, and migration crises in political satire." Studies in Communication Sciences 19, no. 1 (December 3, 2019): 85–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.24434/j.scoms.2019.01.007.
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In international crises, the media’s information and orientation function is particularly important in the public sphere. While the news media’s crisis coverage has been well researched and often criticized, very little is known about the depiction of crises in political satire. This study examines how German satirical shows (n = 154 episodes, 2014–2016) covered the Ukraine, Greek debt, and migration crises and whether or not these depictions corresponded to news media logic. In its attention to the crises, satire follows news media’s conflict orientation. Parallels with news media logic also relate to the information function because the predominant frame elements in satirical shows mirror governmental positions. This is different regarding the orientation function. In their evaluation of the frame elements, satirical shows’ criticism of governmental positions and their support for minority positions create a counter-narrative for the crises. Thus, satirical shows provide added value for public discourse.
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Barnes, Paul. "Minsky’s financial instability hypothesis, accounting information and the 2007–9 financial crisis in the UK and US." Accounting History 16, no. 4 (November 2011): 423–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1032373211417991.
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This paper examines the financial crisis of 2007–9 in the UK and US in terms of the financial instability hypothesis (FIH), a theory of boom, bust and financial crises. It is shown that in a similar way to the crises of 1866 and 1987 (Barnes, 2007) the FIH provides an important depiction of the 2007–9 crisis and how it came about. However, it does not recognize: (1) the role of accounting information and how it may contribute to boom and bust and be used to change perceptions and mislead; and (2) the likelihood of fraud and financial swindles, all features of the 2007–9 crisis.
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Musanga, Terrence. "GRAHAM LANG’S DEPICTION OF THE ZIMBABWEAN CRISIS, MIGRATION AND IDENTITY IN PLACE OF BIRTH (2006)." Imbizo 5, no. 2 (June 23, 2017): 61–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/2078-9785/2846.
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This paper explores Graham Lang’s depiction of the Zimbabwean crisis, migration and identity in Place of Birth (2006). The text, by foregrounding the experiences of a white Zimbabwean family’s attempts to survive the crisis, offers a hitherto marginalised discourse/narrative in Zimbabwean literature, which largely focuses on the experiences of black Zimbabweans. Lang’s understanding of the nexus between the Zimbabwean crisis, migration and identity is chiefly centred on the Zimbabwean government’s land reform programme. However, Lang’s depiction of the Zimbabwean crisis in general and the land reform programme in particular largely resonate with colonial perceptions of the African, which project him/her as inherently atavistic in nature.
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Wallace, Rebecca. "Contextualizing the Crisis: The Framing of Syrian Refugees in Canadian Print Media." Canadian Journal of Political Science 51, no. 2 (February 5, 2018): 207–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423917001482.
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AbstractThis project examines the framing of the Syrian refugee crisis in Canadian print media from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2016, in eight English-language major dailies. Using automated coding to uncover central themes in the coverage, this analysis explores the changes in news frames over the course of the conflict and the concomitant federal election in Canada, as well as across regional and national news sources. The results indicate that the conflict frame dominates the coverage of Syrian refugees in the pre-election period but shifts markedly following the release of the iconic Alan Kurdi photo toward a more humanizing depiction of refugee families and their resettlement. This analysis speaks to the importance of news media in reflecting and reproducing depictions of refugees among the Canadian public, highlighting the value of examining changes in the portrayals of refugees over time and across news outlets.
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Frėjutė-Rakauskienė, Monika. "Real or Created?: Representation of the “Refugee Crisis” in Lithuanian Press Discourse 2015-2017." Informacijos mokslai 88 (April 29, 2020): 29–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/im.2020.88.30.
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The article analyses the media portrayal of publicly named “refugee or migration crisis”, after a Syrian migration through the Mediterranean Sea to European countries seeking asylum due to a military conflict in the Syrian Arab Republic. The article presents research data on refugee discourse of the most popular Lithuanian Internet news portals in the period of March 2015–February 2017. The article aims to discuss the parallels between Lithuanian and Western European media depiction of refugees and the “refugee crisis”. The article analyzes main topics and their changes in time, as well as identifies the threats constructed in the media, which are related to asylum of refugees and their integration in host countries. In addition, the article discusses the possible influence of such depiction on public attitudes.
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Mascareño, Aldo, Pablo A. Henríquez, Marco Billi, and Gonzalo A. Ruz. "A Twitter-Lived Red Tide Crisis on Chiloé Island, Chile: What Can Be Obtained for Social-Ecological Research through Social Media Analysis?" Sustainability 12, no. 20 (October 15, 2020): 8506. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12208506.
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Considering traditional research on social-ecological crises, new social media analysis, particularly Twitter data, contributes with supplementary exploration techniques. In this article, we argue that a social media approach to social-ecological crises can offer an actor-centered meaningful perspective on social facts, a depiction of the general dynamics of meaning making that takes place among actors, and a systemic view of actors’ communication before, during and after the crisis. On the basis of a multi-technique approach to Twitter data (TF-IDF, hierarchical clustering, egocentric networks and principal component analysis) applied to a red tide crisis on Chiloé Island, Chile, in 2016, the most significant red tide in South America ever, we offer a view on the boundaries and dynamics of meaning making in a social-ecological crisis. We conclude that this dynamics shows a permanent reflexive work on elucidating the causes and effects of the crisis that develops according to actors’ commitments, the sequence of events, and political conveniences. In this vein, social media analysis does not replace good qualitative research, it rather opens up supplementary possibilities for capturing meanings from the past that cannot be retrieved otherwise. This is particularly relevant for studying social-ecological crises and supporting collective learning processes that point towards increased resilience capacities and more sustainable trajectories in affected communities.
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Bombik, Mieczysław. "The bases and methodology of deep ecology." Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae 18, no. 5 (December 31, 2020): 67–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/seb.2020.18.5.06.
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The article includes the semantic analysis of basic terms and language phrases and synthetic depiction of following problems: the reformist organization of environmental protection, the sources of deep ecology, the basic theses of deep ecology, the political suggestions for solutions of environmental protection crisis, the organizational structures of deep ecology.
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Huigen, S. "Verhalen van Matsombo: Jef Geeraerts’ beeld van de 'Kongo-crisis' in Het verhaal van Matsombo." Literator 22, no. 1 (August 7, 2001): 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/lit.v22i1.356.
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Matsombo’s stories: Jef Geeraerts’s representation of the 'Congo crisis' in Het verhaal van Matsombo The so-called Congo crisis (1960-1965) received a great deal of attention internationally. A literary response in Dutch to what happened in the former Belgian colony is Het verhaal van Matsombo (Matsombo’s story) by Flemish writer and former colonial civil servant, Jef Geeraerts. Until now, little critical attention has been given to Het verhaal van Matsombo, despite regular reprints of the text. This article researches how the Congo crisis is represented in Geeraerts’s novel. Although Geeraerts’s depiction of colonial conflict is, in certain respects, close to that of Franz Fanon, Geeraerts’s is ultimately a Western view.
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Shinde, Pooja Pradeep. "The depiction of Poverty in Bibhutibhushan Bandyopadhyay’s Pather Panchali: An Analytical Study." Shanlax International Journal of English 7, no. 2 (March 17, 2019): 18–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/english.v7i2.326.
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In developing nations poverty is seen not only affecting the personal but also social life of an individual, because of which he remains deprived of all the amenities that he wants to enjoy. Poor and poverty goes hand in hand. Though both are different where poor means a poor person or family whereas poverty affects the whole community. Due to lack of fundamental government policies the developing countries are facing such crisis. This paper explores Bibhutibhushan Bandyopadhyay’s major character and their struggle for upgrading their life.
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Kreiczer-Levy, Shelly. "Parents and Adult Children: The Elusive Boundaries of the Legal Family." Law & Social Inquiry 44, no. 2 (May 2019): 519–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/lsi.2019.19.
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The literature on the relationship between parents and adult children reveals an embedded tension. While the law typically characterizes parents and their adult children as legal strangers, several legal rules assume intergenerational altruism. This Essay argues that Someday All This Will Be Yours by Hendrik Hartog unpacks this dichotomy and offers a much richer depiction of intergenerational relations in an age of market economy. The book portrays an intermediate space where autonomous individuals engage in private ordering but the same parties also maintain a dynastic understanding of their commitments. This depiction provides a useful lens for the analysis of occurrences of informal care between parents and adult children. The Essay discusses intergenerational cohabitation in the wake of the 2008 financial crisis as an example of such an analysis.
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Avins, Carol J. "Isaak Babel'’s Tales of Collectivization: Rites of Transition in the New Soviet Village." Slavic Review 64, no. 3 (2005): 560–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3650142.
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Isaac Babel'’s two stories depicting the 1930 collectivization campaign must be placed beside his other story cycles in any effort to understand the writer and his time. The resistance to authority displayed in “Kolyvushka” and the reconciliation reached for in “Gapa Guzvha” have in common an important and hitherto unnoted feature: the implicit adaptation of Orthodox religious ritual to new functions. In both stories the climactic encounter with officialdom shows how vestiges of religious ritual become improvised rites of transition, religious in form but political in content. Placing Babel”s stories in the context of the surrounding cultural and political discourse (including Iosif Stalin's “Dizzy with Success article, but focusing on the pages of Novyi mir, where one of the stories appeared), this article explores links between Babef”s dark depiction of the countryside in crisis and contemporary treatments of collectivization, religion, and literary engagement.
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Green, Judith, and David Armstrong. "Achieving Rational Management: Bed Managers and the Crisis in Emergency Admissions." Sociological Review 43, no. 4 (November 1995): 743–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-954x.1995.tb00717.x.
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This paper uses data from a qualitative study to examine the extent to which the perceived problems of dealing with the acute emergency hospital admission can be used to illuminate the interface between professional and managerial authority in hospitals. Clinicians, nurses and managers all described emergency admissions as constituting a ‘constant crisis’ in their hospital. There were practical senses in which this was a realistic depiction of the situation but, as rhetoric, this description had two major implications for the management-professional interface. First, it served to legitimate the authority of managers by creating a problem which needed constant management. Second, in providing the ultimate challenge to general management it provided a scenario in which the superiority of rational management techniques over more localised and apparently self-interested clinical decisions could be demonstrated.
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Ellmann, Maud. "‘Vaccies Go Home!’: Evacuation, Psychoanalysis and Fiction in World War II Britain." Oxford Literary Review 38, no. 2 (December 2016): 240–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/olr.2016.0194.
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On September 1 1939 the British government launched a program ominously codenamed Operation Pied Piper, whereby thousands of children were evacuated from the cities to the countryside. This operation brought class conflict into the foreground, laying bare the drastic inequalities of British society, but also provided the foundations for the development of child psychoanalysis. This essay examines the impact of the evacuation crisis on psychoanalytic theories of the child, comparing these to the depiction of children in wartime fiction.
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Loftsdóttir, Kristín. "Finding a place in the world." Focaal 2018, no. 80 (March 1, 2018): 63–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/fcl.2018.800105.
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The economic crash in Iceland created a sense of social and political collapse that extended far beyond the economic realm. Calls for a “New Iceland” were invoked, where the Icelandic political arena would be “cleaned” and reimagined in drastic ways. In this article, I explore how ideas circulating in the wider European region about how Icelanders dealt exceptionally well with the crisis not only failed to reflect the lived effects of the collapse but also echoed long-standing nationalist ideals of Icelanders’ imagined reality of themselves. I show how nation branding in Iceland after 2010 added to the conception that Iceland dealt with the crisis in an exceptional way, and I critically ask why Iceland received such a positive depiction in the international media.
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Fletcher, Martin John. ""You Can’t Have It On A Plate Forever": the English class system implodes in Losey and Pinter’s The Servant." Letras, no. 51 (December 18, 2015): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/2176148523559.
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The collaboration between Harold Pinter and Joseph Losey on the 1963 film The Servant represents a high point in the history of British cinema. Whilst acknowledging the film’s technical and cinematic merits, I argue in this paper that The Servant remains an essentially English film. Pinter’s idiomatic dialogue illuminates the intricate hierarchical structures and prejudices of the English class system. This makes the film essentially ’idiomatic’in its depiction of a particular historical and ideological moment, a time when the class system was in crisis and the political and cultural upheavals of the later 1960s were already in sight.
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Ebbrecht-Hartmann, Tobias. "Resonating Trauma." New German Critique 46, no. 2 (August 1, 2019): 91–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/0094033x-7546185.
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Abstract The participation of two members of the German radical Left terrorist group Revolutionary Cells turned the 1976 Entebbe hostage crisis into a significant chapter of German and Israeli history. The article reviews the framing of the hijacking of a passenger plane by a West German–Palestinian commando and explores historical references to the traumatic memories of the Holocaust that resonated in the public perception, cinematic depiction, and commemoration of the event. Through an analysis of newspaper coverage, documentary reports, docudrama films, and attempted attacks on German theaters, the article describes the framing as alternating and conflicting and emphasizes the relationship of history, media, and memory.
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Novello, Clarisa. "Ecological Destruction and Consumerism." Exchanges: The Interdisciplinary Research Journal 8, no. 2 (February 4, 2021): 28–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.31273/eirj.v8i2.581.
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Literature that engages with the theme of anthropogenic climate change carries the potential of awakening the reader’s curiosity by creating a dimension in which the effects and impacts of the crisis are tangible. The urgency and unpredictability of climate change are articulated through reflections that combine societal, cultural and political issues associated to the phenomenon, hence encouraging a deeper understanding of the environmental crisis in today’s society. The article examines the novel EistTau by Ilija Trojanow to navigate the political and economic aspects of anthropogenic climate change. I reflect on the employment of fiction in finding ways to develop attentiveness to nature, whilst exposing how EisTau questions the power relations between culture, politics and economy, in a bid to influence the current state of affairs. I argue that the depiction of the effects of climate change and the melting of glaciers enable public agency, whilst encouraging the rethinking of the environmental crisis and the acknowledgment of its connection to capitalism and to the constant accumulation of goods. I observe how the exposure of the interconnectedness of climate change and capitalism encourages behavioural changes that lead to the adoption of alternative lifestyles that can halt the disastrous effects of climate change and prompts readers to develop a sense of care for the non-human world.
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Kilpatrick, Claire. "TAKING THE MEASURE OF CHANGING LABOUR MOBILIZATION AT THE INTERNATIONAL LABOUR ORGANISATION IN THE WAKE OF THE EU SOVEREIGN DEBT CRISIS." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 68, no. 3 (June 7, 2019): 665–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020589319000113.
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AbstractThis analysis investigates changing mobilization at the ILO in response to the labour and social rights shock created by EU and IMF demands in the EU sovereign debt crisis (Crisis Europe or euro-crisis). Mobilization means the purposeful use of legal norms and institutions by social movements and civil society groups to advance identified policy goals. It can be contrasted with the use of legal norms and institutions by individuals or entities to settle disputes affecting them. After introducing relevant features of euro-crisis and the ILO, the article develops an analysis that measures changing mobilization at the ILO during euro-crisis. It then shows how such an analysis makes two key contributions: first, to our understanding of the ILO and, second, to how we approach mobilization. First, by viewing the ILO as a rights mobilization structure, it shows the vitality and interest of doubted or neglected ILO supervision and complaints mechanisms. Five elements are underlined: the ILO is more than existing literature assumes; it questions the depiction of the ILO as a ‘toothless tiger’; the sharp divide between unions and NGOs is overstated; certain institutional design features make the ILO a good venue for transnational mobilization; the ILO is not transparent in terms of access to documents relevant to mobilization and compares poorly in this respect with UN Human Rights Treaty Bodies. Second, by setting it against existing literature, it is shown how measuring mobilization is distinctive within the broader human rights mobilization scholarship. The most important insights it introduces are: rejecting the assumption that mobilization inevitably follows a significant rights shock such as euro-crisis; addressing the puzzles of union ‘mobilization’ and motivation; operationalizing measurement of mobilization against the backdrop of venue choices; considering how to deal with an international organization which is both a mobilization venue and an engaged actor.
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Bickes, Hans, Tina Otten, and Laura Chelsea Weymann. "The financial crisis in the German and English press: Metaphorical structures in the media coverage on Greece, Spain and Italy." Discourse & Society 25, no. 4 (July 2014): 424–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957926514536956.
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The German media presentation of the so-called Greek financial crisis caused an unexpected uproar in Germany. An anti-Greek sentiment evolved and spread among German citizens and solidarity for crisis-hit Greece was mostly rejected. Public surveys revealed that many Germans even wanted Greece to exit the Eurozone immediately. This article highlights the crucial role of the media in shaping the negative public opinion. In 2010, a period which has lately been referred to as Greek bashing, the German press had discussed the Greek financial crisis heatedly and controversially. Europe’s largest daily newspaper, BILD, published numerous reports that implicitly and explicitly constituted the myth of the corrupt and lazy Greeks in comparison to the hard-working Germans. In 2012, the crisis had spread much further, and not only Greece but other countries too were suffering from high debt, economic stagnation and unemployment. The news coverage became more moderate and conciliating and presented the dramatic social consequences for the respective population. This study highlights not only the development of the German media’s tenor on the Greek crisis through time, but adds an international perspective and widens the view by comparing the media treatment of the different countries involved. Based on 122 online articles, the study methodologically focuses on the analysis of metaphorical language in the news coverage of three comparable international news magazines: SPIEGEL (Germany), The Economist (the UK) and TIME (the USA), and contrasts the representation of Greece with the depiction of larger indebted European countries like Spain and Italy. The analysis shows remarkable differences in the evaluation and presentation of the crisis, which can be linked to the degree of involvement of Germany, the UK and the USA in European policies.
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Ndlovu, Thabisani. "“White Man Crawling”: Time, Race and Power in John Eppel’s Depiction of Middle-aged and Elderly Whites during the Zimbabwean “Crisis”." Journal of Literary Studies 34, no. 4 (October 2, 2018): 80–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02564718.2018.1538081.
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Amarasinghe, Punsara. "The depiction of “Orthodoxy” in Post-Soviet Space: How Vladimir Putin uses the Church in his anti-Western campaign?" Open Political Science 4, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 74–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/openps-2021-0009.
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Abstract This Article seeks to examine the Russia’s recent interest in uplifting the status of Orthodox church as a pivotal factor in the state and beyond that. Most importantly the position of the Orthodox church has grown rapidly during Putin’s administration as a solacing factor to fill the gap that emerged from the fall of Soviet Union. The 16th century doctrine propounded by Filofei called “Third Rome”, which profoundly portrayed Moscow as the last sanctuary for Eastern Christianity and the 19th century nationalist mantra of “Orthodoxy, Nationality and Autocracy” have been rejuvenated under Putin as new ideological path to move away from Western influence. It has been especially evident that the ideological movement that rigidly denies Russia’s hobnobbing with the Liberal West has been rather intensified after the Crimean crisis in 2014. Under this situation Putin’s usage of Orthodoxy and Russia’s spiritual legacy stand as a direct political tool expressing Russia’s uniqueness in global affairs. This article will critically examine the historical trajectory of Orthodox church in Russia as an indicator of its distinctiveness.
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Geddes, Andrew. "Chronicle of a Crisis Foretold: The Politics of Irregular Migration, Human Trafficking and People Smuggling in the UK." British Journal of Politics and International Relations 7, no. 3 (August 2005): 324–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-856x.2005.00192.x.
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This article argues that a distinct repertoire of social and political contention associated with migration and the presence of immigrants in the UK plays a large part in structuring responses to ostensibly ‘new’ migration challenges such as people smuggling and human trafficking. This repertoire includes the elision and confusion of migration categories (particularly in this instance between irregular migration and asylum); the impact of state policies on the creation of ‘unwanted’ migration flows; fears of floods and invasions by ‘unwanted’ migrants; concerns that the state is losing control of migration; the depiction of migration and migrants as causes of increased support for the extreme right; the existence of labour market pull factors that provide economic spaces for both regular and irregular migrants; the symbolic power but limited effect of an international human rights regime and discourse; and problems of policy implementation. The contemporary twist is provided by the links made between irregular migration and the ‘war on terror’ and the ways in which migration has become a component of bilateral relations between the UK and other states, particularly those structured by EU competencies.
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Kuczabski, Aleksander, and Tomasz Michalski. "THE PROCESS OF DEPOPULATION IN THE RURAL AREAS OF UKRAINE." Quaestiones Geographicae 32, no. 4 (December 1, 2013): 81–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/quageo-2013-0035.
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Abstract This study gives an analysis of the diversification of the demographic situation in the rural areas of Ukraine in the years 1992-2011 in a regional depiction (it corresponds to the NUTS 2 division applied in the European Union). The demographic situation of the rural population is undergoing increasingly distinct deterioration. It is the worst in central Ukraine and relatively the best in its western part. This is an effect of political, economic and social processes initiated in today’s Ukraine after World War One. It overlaps with negative effects of the processes of political transformation taking place in already independent Ukraine. The chances of improving the demographic situation in rural areas are rather slim and depend on two factors: (1) a fundamental change in the state policy towards the Ukrainian countryside and (2) overcoming a prolonged socio-economic crisis.
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Gordon, Joel. "Film, Fame, and Public Memory: Egyptian Biopics From Mustafa Kamil to Nasser 56." International Journal of Middle East Studies 31, no. 1 (February 1999): 61–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743800052971.
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Three years ago, the film Nasser 56 (1996), from Muhammad Fadil, a dramatic reenactment of the Suez crisis, set unprecedented attendance records in Egypt. Opening at the end of another disappointing year marked by a steady decline in studio film production and a dearth of high-quality offerings—and held back from public screening a full year by wavering government support—the film breathed new life into the movie industry and precipitated a national discussion about the legacy of Gamal Abdel Nasser. The film has come and gone from Cairo theaters (although screenings abroad continue), but Nasser 56 will remain a historic film. In dramatic fashion, it broke a long-accepted taboo against cinematic depiction of modern political leaders. It is also the first serious attempt at film biography by an Egyptian filmmaker in thirty years.
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Gebauer, Fabian, Marius H. Raab, and Claus-Christian Carbon. "Imagine All the Forces." Journal of Media Psychology 29, no. 2 (April 2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1864-1105/a000180.
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Abstract. A world divided into East versus West: The so-called Ukraine crisis has once more summoned outdated patterns of political thinking. Simultaneously, media discourses have flared up debating diplomatic and military solutions as possible policy responses. A majority of Germans, however, have remained hesitant to advocate any escalation of military conflict. We were interested in how far reputable journalism concerning the Ukraine crisis might activate a disposition toward military engagement. To evaluate the supposed impact of actual news coverage, we used explicit existential threats (mortality salience; MS) as a comparative measure. Typical effects of MS were derived from terror management theory (TMT), which predicts that the awareness of existential threats amplifies the efforts to defend one’s own culture, even by military means. We used a 2 × 2 factorial design (N = 112) with the factors article (original bellicose vs. neutral, nonmilitant depiction) and salience condition (MS vs. control). Results revealed a strong impact of the original, bellicose article, with increased willingness to deploy German forces at the Russian border, independently of the salience condition. Additional existential threats did not add further effects, as values for willingness were already very high. Classic effects regarding TMT were observed when people had read the Non-Militant article. Here, the willingness to deploy forces only increased after a confrontation with existential threats. We conclude that threatening news coverage on the Ukraine crisis has the ability to alter willingness for first-step military action at the Russian border by inducing effects that are – at least in their outcome – comparable to explicit existential threats.
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Lundsgaard-Leth, Kresten. "Hope and Irony." Danish Yearbook of Philosophy 51, no. 1 (December 12, 2018): 92–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24689300-05101003.
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This article looks into the phenomena of irony and hope as well as their relation. The article starts out with an analysis of Richard Rorty’s understanding of private irony and social hope. Here, I argue the case that Rortarian irony is not primarily a matter of epistemic skepticism but instead an existential stance meant to deal appropriately with the idiosyncratic nature of one’s private projects. Moving on, the article focuses on Jonathan Lear’s depiction of two peculiar instances of two phenomena: radical hope and ironic disruption. Whereas radical hope is the experience of hope in a crisis situation where all meaning—and thus every reason to act—has been lost, the experience of ironic disruption accentuates the constitutive instability and openness of the practical identities we inhabit. Insofar as Rorty cannot account for these phenomena, Lear’s analyses present a serious challenge to Rorty’s neo-pragmatic philosophy.
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Johnson, Rachel. "A brutal humanism for the new millennium? The legacy of Neorealism in contemporary cinema of migration." Journal of Italian Cinema & Media Studies 8, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 61–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jicms_00005_1.
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Abstract This article proposes that the institutional construction of Italian cinema of migration in the new millennium may be conditioned by an enduring, implicit aspect of Neorealism's legacy: a 'brutal humanism' that posits the witnessing of bodies in crisis as an ethical act. Supplementing Karl Schoonover's theory of brutal humanism with Lacanian gaze theory, I argue that the Berlin International Film Festival's synopsis of a recent cause célèbre of Italian cinema, Fuocoammare (Fire at Sea) (Rosi, 2016), instantiates a 'brutal vision' directed towards the figure of the refugee, while the film text's depiction of the 'objective gaze' of these characters challenges such relations of power and looking. The article underlines the importance of competitive European film festivals and paratexts in the international circulation and ideological construction of Italian cinema, while arguing that the film text itself can offer a site of resistance to the meanings that institutions ascribe to it.
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Stadler, John Paul. "Vocalizing Queer Desire." Feminist Media Histories 5, no. 2 (2019): 181–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/fmh.2019.5.2.181.
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This essay examines the legacy of gay playwright and activist Robert Chesley through an in-depth look at his most controversial play, Jerker, or The Helping Hand (1986), uncovering a unique strand of safe-sex advocacy that emphasized sound—and the voice specifically—to manifest queer desire. Phone sex, or dial-a-porn, as it was first called, rose to popularity in the 1980s amid the AIDS crisis. Chesley's depiction of it onstage reimagined the pornographic address, unleashing it from the visual primacy of video porn of the time to foreground elegiac, pedagogic, and ethical dimensions. The broadcast of Jerker on radio station KPFK-FM, however, spurred a legal redefinition of indecency in 1987 and further imperiled safe-sex advocacy that refused to skirt eroticism. In an era when “Silence = Death,” Chesley's Jerker revealed the complexities of the mediated voice as a tool for survival, remembrance, and unbounded pleasure.
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Nabutanyi, Edgar. "Powerful Men and Boyhood Sexuality in K. Sello Duiker’s Thirteen Cents." Matatu 48, no. 1 (2016): 33–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18757421-04801004.
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In Southern African postcolonial discourses, sexual violation is often deployed as an allegory for either patriarchal control or racial domination. This perhaps explains the huge archive of narratives of sexual violence in the Southern African literary canon. While this archive and its scholarship mainly concentrates on the experiences of women and girls, a substantial number of texts portraying the sexual abuse of boys from the region demand that scholarly attention is paid to this phenomenon. Does contemporary South African fiction’s privileging of the sexual violation of boys suggest that boys are as vulnerable to this form of violence in moments of national crisis as are girls and women? Reading K. Sello Duiker’s Thirteen Cents1 as a portrayal of the precarious intersection of post-apartheid familial dystopia on children’s bodies—articulated through under-age prostitution—I explore how fiction intervenes successfully to spotlight the susceptibility of boys to pederasty in moments of societal crisis. Additionally, I examine how homosexual prostitution is portrayed as a tool for survival for helpless boys, on the one hand, and exhibition of patriarchal power for the men that pay to have sex with these boys, on the other. I argue that the depiction of underage sex work of some boys in South African cities can help rescue these victims from being perceived as mere statistical footnotes to Southern African inequities and patriarchal power.
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Timalsina, Ramji. "Diasporic Characters in Rajab’s Short Stories." Dristikon: A Multidisciplinary Journal 10, no. 1 (December 31, 2020): 214–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/dristikon.v10i1.34599.
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This article has attempted to find how the short stories in Rajab‘s collection entitled Paai [Pie] have depicted the realities in the Diaspora through the presentation of characters. Three stories have been selected from the collection. These short fictions are studied in the light of the theory of characterization in short stories. The analysis concentrates on the diasporic identity related cultural, emotional and existential conditions of the characters. The study has found that all the diasporic characters have undergone different types of problems as per their diverse life situations. Generally, all diasporans have identity crisis related to culture. This crisis is connected with their emotion and existence, too. I have also found that there are three types of main characters: general diasporas, senior citizens and young couples. The general diasporans have been used to show the existential conditions of any diasporan in the host land. The depiction of the senior citizens shows how a new land cannot be a good place for them: Most of them are emotionally shocked and unsettled. Even the young couples who reach the USA using all possible means finally feel frustrated and disoriented. Almost all the characters in these stories are unhappy diasporans. It is hoped that this article will encourage researchers to study other diasporic fictions from the point of view of characterization.
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Prange, Regine. "Ornament und Abstraktion: die »Arabeske als Triebfeder der Moderne«?" Zeitschrift für Kunstgeschichte 80, no. 3 (December 30, 2017): 418–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zkg-2017-0020.
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Abstract Contrary to the current discourse on world art, which revives the notion of the ornament as a global artistic phenomenon that transgresses cultures and connects tradition and modernity, this article will elaborate how this concept actually follows a modernist ideology, which evades the crisis of a specifically Western art term in order to reconcile abstraction and representation. The recourse to artisanal procedures of jewelry making motivated an aesthetics of process, within which social practice and its depiction seemed to be unified. Semper’s consequential idea of the ornament as a symbol of art entered exemplary artist theories of the twentieth century. This mythology of the ornament is, however, to be differentiated from the ornament-critical materiality of the paintings of Mondrian, Pollock, and Warhol, which simultaneously nourish a radically iconoclastic impulse, questioning the claim of totality of the classic panel painting by negating the identity of line and surface, figure, and ground.
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Mirza, Maryam. "The anxiety of being Australian: Modernity, consumerism, and identity politics in Michelle de Kretser’s The Lost Dog." Journal of Commonwealth Literature 55, no. 2 (February 11, 2018): 190–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021989418755541.
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Tom Loxley, the Anglo-Indian protagonist of Michelle de Kretser’s 2007 novel The Lost Dog, has a difficult relationship with his adopted country Australia, one that is riven with anxiety as well as a profound sense of loss. This portrayal echoes, in many respects, the not uncommon representation in postcolonial fiction of the feelings of alienation and exclusion experienced by immigrants of colour in advanced capitalist countries. But in The Lost Dog, De Kretser’s nuanced portrayal of Tom’s tense ties with Australia and with other human beings also firmly situates immigrant experiences in the context of global capitalist modernity in general, and consumerism in particular. This article demonstrates that, without neglecting the implications of his racialized identity and without underestimating the trauma of physical displacement, De Kretser’s depiction of Tom’s identity crisis reveals the complex ways in which the notions of inclusion and exclusion, loss and belonging in contemporary Australia are inextricably tied in with the workings of global consumer capitalism.
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Harding, James M. "From the Editor." Theatre Survey 45, no. 1 (May 2004): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0040557404000018.
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We open this issue of Theatre Survey with Marvin Carlson's essay on how the events of 9/11 and the subsequent wars with Afghanistan and Iraq have affected New York theatre. At the core of Carlson's essay is a very subtle depiction of theatre forced by world events to contemplate anew its understanding of history and its understanding of the role that theatre has to play in history. Carlson's essay offers us an image of theatre communities that, in their responses to the deeply troubling events of the past two and a half years, have struggled to understand whether theatre is outside or inside of history, that is, whether theatre is “somehow out of place in a situation of real crisis and suffering” or whether it can be an actual force of change. At one level, then, Carlson's essay is significant because it illuminates how acts of terrorism and acts of war force theatre to return to the most basic questions about its function in society at large. Those questions serve as our point of departure because their answers change with history.
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Bhattacharya, Caroline. "Gatekeeping the Plenary Floor: Discourse Network Analysis as a Novel Approach to Party Control." Politics and Governance 8, no. 2 (June 2, 2020): 229–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/pag.v8i2.2611.
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In the German parliament, the Bundestag, floor time is a scarce resource and is allocated to MPs by leaders of their respective parliamentary party groups. Previous research indicates that highly salient plenary debates tend to be dominated by party leaders and other loyal frontbenchers. Plenary speeches can therefore offer only limited insights into party unity. Any MP can give a so-called ‘explanation of vote’ (EoVs) to justify their voting decision and/or express their point of view. These written statements provide a more accurate depiction of the range of viewpoints present within legislative parties. In order to assess the effect of party control on observed party unity and parliamentary contestation, discourse network analysis has been employed in this study to compare legislative speech with EoVs in debates on the Greek crisis between 2010 and 2015. Discourse network analysis combines content analysis with an actor-centred approach, and this is the first time this method has been used to study party control and (dis)unity. Bundestag debates on the Greek crisis present an interesting case study, as the issue became increasingly controversial over time, both in the public and the legislature. While this became evident in declining voting unity and individual-level mobilisation through EoVs, the extent to which gatekeeping impedes contestation on the plenary floor needs to be assessed. In terms of representation, it is important that European Union issues not only make it to the plenary agenda but that these debates also reflect the different viewpoints of MPs.
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Germann, Julian. "Beyond ‘geo-economics’: Advanced unevenness and the anatomy of German austerity." European Journal of International Relations 24, no. 3 (July 31, 2017): 590–613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354066117720987.
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This article aims to shed new light on Germany’s domineering role in the eurocrisis. I argue that the realist-inspired depiction of Germany as a ‘geo-economic power’, locked into zero-sum competition with its European partners, is built around an empty core: unable to theorise how anarchy shapes the calculus of states where security competition has receded, it cannot explain why German state managers have insisted on an austerity response to the crisis despite its significant risks and costs even for Germany itself. To unlock this puzzle, this article outlines a version of uneven and combined development that is better able to capture the international pressures and opportunities faced by policy elites in advanced capitalist states that no longer encounter one another as direct security rivals. Applied to Germany, this lens reveals a twofold unevenness in the historical structures and growth cycles of capitalist economies that shape its contradictory choice for austerity. In the long run, the reorientation of the export-dependent German economy from Europe towards Asian and Latin American late industrialisers renders the structural adjustment of the eurozone an opportunity — from the cost-saving view of German manufacturers producing in the European home market for export abroad, as well as for German state officials keen to sustain a crumbling class compromise centred on Germany’s world market success. In the short term, however, its exposed position between the divergent post-crisis trajectories of the US and Europe accelerates pressures for austerity beyond what German state and corporate elites would otherwise consider feasible.
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Kornetis, Kostis. "From politics to nostalgia – and back to politics: Tracing the shifts in the filmic depiction of the Greek 'long 1960s' over time." Historein 14, no. 2 (June 22, 2014): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/historein.211.
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<p>A number of Greek feature films in the 1990s and early 2000s – from <em>End of an Era </em>to <em>Uranya</em> – created a standard depiction of the Colonels’ dictatorship as an era filled with bittersweet adolescent memories. <em>The Comedy of the Junta: The Light Side of a Dark Era</em>, a recent documentary produced in April 2010 by Elias Kanellis, presented it as a laughable farce. More importantly, even, this period was treated as distant and definitely over. Almost from the onset of the economic crisis, we may say that there is a change of paradigm regarding the use of the junta and a radical departure from both the grotesque and the nostalgic view. Rather, its more brutal aspects began to be stressed in a thinly veiled attempt to highlight the continuities between past and present, the police violence and authoritarian practices of the 1967–74 era and that of the 2010–12 one – best encompassed in the popular slogan of the Indignados “The Junta did not end in ’73”. Typical examples are Fotos Lambrinos’ television documentary series <em>It's just a junta, will it pass?</em> and Alinda Dimitrious’s documentary<em> The Girls of the Rain</em> (2011). This article traces this shift and its poetics, focusing on various representative examples of both tendencies and the ways in which they sought to create a certain form of public memory.</p>
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Johansson, Anders E. "UNCONTROL ON RUBEN ÖSTLUND’S FORCE MAJEURE." Nordic Journal of Aesthetics 27, no. 55-56 (November 7, 2018): 149–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/nja.v27i55-56.110754.
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Ruben Östlund’s film Force Majeure (2014) was mostly received as a depiction of the crisis of masculinity. And it is, but that particular theme is also placed within a larger context concerning questions of value, understanding, order, and control, questions asked not only on a thematic level but also through cutting, framing, and the use of camera views. Not accepting any simple dichotomy between form and meaning, Force Majeure places itself firmly in an avant- garde and modernist tradition.
Thereby the film is also related to this tradition’s ambition of investigating Western thought, knowledge and art anew, problematising given forms of rational thinking in order for something new to emerge. In the wake of World War II it was, for thinkers like Adorno, Foucault, Stockhausen, and Boulez, seen as unavoidable and urgent to deconstruct the conventions and norms that had made Auschwitz possible. It is still urgent. This article takes its starting point in the connections between avant-garde serialism in music, Foucault’s serialist methods of research and Deleuze’s theories of modernist film, in order to grasp how the aesthetics of Force Majeure continues to deconstruct.
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Šošková, Eva. "The Reincarnation of Animated Film." Slovenske divadlo /The Slovak Theatre 65, no. 4 (December 1, 2017): 331–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sd-2017-0019.
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Abstract Throughout its entire history, Slovak animated film has had the form of figurative narrative art or craft. For this reason, the author of this study examines its post-1989 development through the prism of the body. Since the most visible change that has affected contemporary film aesthetics is the feminization of animated film in terms of authorship, the study primarily focuses on the ability of an animated body to represent gender and gender roles. It attempts to capture the most significant changes in the depiction of the body in authorial animated film before and after 1989, in more detail record the post-revolution changes in the body, and relate this to the changes in the institutional background of animated film. Animated bodies have developed from “ordinary people” from a dominant male point of view in socio-critical socialist production through female characters in interaction with clearly distinguished male characters in the films of female authors from the Academy of Performing Arts, the crisis of stereotypical masculinity in the production of male authors to independent women looking for their own identity inside themselves, without relating themselves to their male counterparts.
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McCusker, Kelly E., David S. Battisti, and Cecilia M. Bitz. "The Climate Response to Stratospheric Sulfate Injections and Implications for Addressing Climate Emergencies." Journal of Climate 25, no. 9 (May 2012): 3096–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-11-00183.1.
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Stratospheric sulfate aerosol injection has been proposed to counteract anthropogenic greenhouse gas warming and prevent regional climate emergencies. Global warming is projected to be largest in the polar regions, where consequences to climate change could be emergent, but where the climate response to global warming is also most uncertain. The Community Climate System Model, version 3, is used to evaluate simulations with enhanced CO2 and prescribed stratospheric sulfate to investigate the effects on regional climate. To further explore the sensitivity of these regions to ocean dynamics, a suite of simulations with and without ocean dynamics is run. The authors find that, when global average warming is roughly canceled by aerosols, temperature changes in the polar regions are still 20%–50% of the changes in a warmed world. Atmospheric circulation anomalies are also not canceled, which affects the regional climate response. It is also found that agreement between simulations with and without ocean dynamics is poorest in the high latitudes. The polar climate is determined by processes that are highly parameterized in climate models. Thus, one should expect that the projected climate response to geoengineering will be at least as uncertain in these regions as it is to increasing greenhouse gases. In the context of climate emergencies, such as melting arctic sea ice and polar ice sheets and a food crisis due to a heated tropics, the authors find that, while it may be possible to avoid tropical climate crises, preventing polar climate emergencies is not certain. A coordinated effort across modeling centers is required to generate a more robust depiction of a geoengineered climate.
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Mirsepassi, Ali, and Tadd Graham Fernée. "Deen (Faith) and Donya (the Secular): Al-Ghazālī’s the “Alchemy of Happiness”." English Studies at NBU 5, no. 1 (June 1, 2019): 9–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.33919/esnbu.19.1.1.
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The 11th -12th century Abbasid philosopher al-Ghazālī is the center of controversy today in Western societies seeking to understand Islamic radicalism. The article initially examines the al-Ghazālī debate, split between popular images of al-Ghazālī as a fanatical enemy of rational thought, and scholarly depictions of a forerunner of postmodernism. After analyzing a principle example of the latter tendency, centered on the Persian term dihlīz, the article undertakes a sociological investigation of al-Ghazālī’s Alchemy of Happiness within the historic context of the Abbasid crisis of political legitimacy. The troubled historic vista of Abbasid politics, the unique role of al-Ghazālī as representative of ideological power, and the crucial influence of the intercontinental Sufi revolution, are discussed. The analysis focuses on al-Ghazālī’s central concepts of deen (faith) and donya (the secular), that he employed to stabilize and guarantee the continued political success of the multi-civilizational Abbasid state. Spurning the dogma of unified identity, al-Ghazālī recognized the civilizational pluralism underpinning Abbasid political survival. Reconciling multiplicity and unity, al-Ghazālī labored to integrate Islamic and non-Islamic intellectual traditions. Three elements are investigated: (1) Investing epistemology with social significance, al-Ghazālī opposed orthodox conformism; (2) Denouncing ignorance, the passions, and intellectual confusion, al-Ghazālī promoted the dialogic principle – not dogma - as the unique public guarantee of the universal truth; (3) This universal truth had an exclusively secular, not religious, dimension, based on the deen/donya distinction, separating universal secular truth from religious identity. An intellectual exploration of the secular dilemma, of corresponding imaginative magnitude, hardly existed in Western societies at the time. This casts doubt on the current academic enthusiasm for representing traditional Islam in the mirror image of French post-structuralism, and the false depiction of al-Ghazālī as the dogmatic enemy of reason. It opens an entire terrain of possible research that is barely tapped, which contradicts the confused dogmas of Islamic radicalism. A secular conceptual dualism pervaded the Islamic tradition, indeed pre-dating European secularism.
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Hazizova, Olena. "THREATS FOR NATIONAL SECURITY IN THE HUMANITARIAN SPACE: VALUE- AND SENSE-BEARING ASPECTS." Almanac of Ukrainian Studies, no. 27 (2020): 60–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2520-2626/2020.27.9.
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The research is aimed at disclosing the threats to national security in the humanitarian sphere related to the need of outlining value- and sense-bearing contents in terms of social shifts, military actions, and an axiological crisis, as the actualization of historical and cultural heritage and ethnonational processes overlaps with the axiologically inhomogeneous and fragmentary modern sociocultural space. The complexity of national security policy formation is due to the fact that it must encompass social, economic, political, and cultural features of unity; create national space without denying the right to represent other identities. Thus, it is crucial to form the common sociocultural space as horizontal solidarity of the society based on the national identity’s dominant values. The notion of national values must serve as a conceptual basis for such an approach as, along with the notion of national interests, it most fully depicts the specifics of the humanitarian sphere. The legacy of substance and spirit, as well as traditional ethnonational dimensions, which are fundamental for the national being of Ukraine and allow feeling a constant connection with the Motherland, form an essential foundation for the further representation of Ukrainians and their culture in Ukraine and abroad. The article draws attention to the insufficient depiction of humanitarian problems, the role of national values in the formation of national interests and goals in the strategic security documents of Ukraine. The fact of constructing fake identities and nourishing separatist tendencies in the regions of Ukraine as an element of hybrid warfare requires the state’s reaction. Consideration of dominant meanings and values when working on legal documents in the educational field, language issue, and ethnocultural processes will allow the prognosis of conflict situations, security threats, and elaboration of tools to avoid the crisis.
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Georgiadis, Thomas, and George Christopoulos. "Gender inequalities in labour market outcomes." International Journal of Manpower 38, no. 5 (August 7, 2017): 675–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijm-11-2015-0198.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to focus on the investigation of gender inequalities in the labour market at the regional level in Greece throughout the years preceding and following the economic crisis. Design/methodology/approach Utilising microdata from the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) database from 2005 up to the most recent available, the authors construct the Total Earnings Gap Index, a composite index at the individual level which incorporates gender differentials in aspects related to employment, work intensity and earnings. This approach is further complemented by the results of the econometric analysis (a probit model for the probability of being in employment and a Heckman selection model for the determinants of hourly pay and hours worked), which portray the impact of gender on a set of labour-related characteristics. Findings The findings of the analysis indicate a widespread reduction of the gender gap; however, this appears to be mainly the result of a sharper fall in employment among men, hence pointing towards a “race to the bottom” process which presents few – if any – signs of an increase of women’s economic independence. The emerging picture points towards a trend of regional convergence in gender gaps, while also highlighting that similar gender equality outcomes are, in certain cases, shaped by radically different dynamics. Originality/value This paper uses an innovative composite index which provides a multi-dimensional depiction of gender inequality in the Greek labour market. This index has been introduced by Eurostat and has been applied at the country level, with this paper being the first – to the authors’ knowledge – to apply it at the regional level. Additionally, by examining years before and throughout the crisis, the present analysis adopts a dynamic perspective, offering valuable insight into the seismic shifts that Greece’s labour market structure has undergone during this period.
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LAWRENCE, NATALIE. "Assembling the dodo in early modern natural history." British Journal for the History of Science 48, no. 3 (February 23, 2015): 387–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007087415000011.
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AbstractThis paper explores the assimilation of the flightless dodo into early modern natural history. The dodo was first described by Dutch sailors landing on Mauritius in 1598, and became extinct in the 1680s or 1690s. Despite this brief period of encounter, the bird was a popular subject in natural-history works and a range of other genres. The dodo will be used here as a counterexample to the historical narratives of taxonomic crisis and abrupt shifts in natural history caused by exotic creatures coming to Europe. Though this bird had a bizarre form, early modern naturalists integrated the dodo and other flightless birds through several levels of conceptual categorization, including the geographical, morphological and symbolic. Naturalists such as Charles L'Ecluse produced a set of typical descriptive tropes that helped make up the European dodo. These long-lived images were used for a variety of symbolic purposes, demonstrated by the depiction of the Dutch East India enterprise in Willem Piso's 1658 publication. The case of the dodo shows that, far from there being a dramatic shift away from emblematics in the seventeenth century, the implicit symbolic roles attributed to exotic beasts by naturalists constructing them from scant information and specimens remained integral to natural history.
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MOYN, SAMUEL. "OF SAVAGERY AND CIVIL SOCIETY: PIERRE CLASTRES AND THE TRANSFORMATION OF FRENCH POLITICAL THOUGHT." Modern Intellectual History 1, no. 1 (April 2004): 55–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479244303000076.
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This essay examines the thought of the French anthropologist Pierre Clastres (1938–1977). It situates his once-famous depiction of savage politics as a premonitory rejection of the state at the crossroads of several traditions, long- and short-term. First, Clastres's thought resonates with the primitivistic appeal by French “moralists” since the early modern period to the lifestyle of prehistoric societies; second, it casts light on the history of French anthropology in the crisis years of structuralism; and third, it reflects the revival of Friedrich Nietzsche in French thought of the era. Above all, however, the essay explains Clastres's thought as an attempt to resist and to overcome the well-known communist allegiances of postwar French intellectuals. Early in rejecting communism, Clastres owed his prominence to the 1970s popularization of the critique of “totalitarianism.” The so-called “passing of an illusion” of communism, one version of which Clastres pioneered, is often interpreted as the replacement of confusion with truth. It is more interesting, the essay suggests, to situate it in its time, as a complex achievement as defective as it was creative, if Clastres's thought is taken as an example. In closing, the essay suggests some legacies, often unintentional, Clastres left behind in French political thought of the years since his death.
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Newman, Daniel Aureliano. "Your body is our black box: Narrating nations in second-person fiction by Edna O’Brien and Jennifer Egan." Frontiers of Narrative Studies 4, no. 1 (June 28, 2018): 42–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/fns-2018-0004.
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AbstractFor a century, the disorienting effects of second-person narration have seemed peculiarly well suited to representing the experiential confusions and political contradictions of inhabiting a female body in times of national crisis. This essay examines such effects in Edna O’Brien’s A pagan place and Jennifer Egan’s “Black box,” very different narratives that similarly exploit the deictic and ontological uncertainties of second-person address. Second person in O’Brien’s novel participates in its depiction of a sexually naïve rural Irish girl confronting the conflicting pressures of enforced chastity and reproductive futurism in the name of the Irish State. Emphasis is placed on the narrative’s unusual use of past-tense second-person narration and its intriguing overlap with O’Brien’s nonfictional writings. In Egan’s story, the protean and multivocal second person suggests a sinister fusion of individual and governmental agency, effected through the protagonist’s cybernetically-enhanced body. The result is a deceptively simple critique of post-9/11 American foreign policy as an extension of paternalism and patriarchy in the domestic sphere. The patterns investigated in this paper shed light on other recent uses of the second person in other experimental narratives concerned with identity, self-formation among disenfranchised individuals, and resistance to political and cultural oppression.
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Holc, Janine, and Amanda Konradi. "Polish Manhood in Transition: Anxieties of Neoliberal Masculinity in Robert Gliński’s Cześć Tereska." East European Politics and Societies: and Cultures 34, no. 3 (December 18, 2019): 752–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0888325419891207.
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Robert Gliński’s post-communist film Cześć Tereska generated extensive controversy as a story of Polish teenagers disconnected from traditional morality in an anonymous apartment block. Its central character of a young girl, Tereska, makes the film appear to be about femininity and danger in 1990s neoliberal Poland. In an alternative interpretation using the approach that neoliberalism is a form of governmentality, an analysis of male characters surrounding Tereska demonstrates that the film can also be interpreted as a depiction of the inability of individuals to achieve neoliberal ideals of masculinity. The 1990s’ dominant ideology of individualism and freedom created expectations that men would embody a self-contained, self-restrained potency that functioned to curb the excesses of the society around them. We argue that the impossibility of achieving this embodiment generates tensions in the film that are only resolved at times when Tereska is made to take on the responsibility for managing men’s desires. While several scholars have pointed to a “crisis of masculinity” in Eastern Europe, we find that Cześć Tereska can be seen as a narrative that delineates the specific effects of anxious masculinities on female-gendered agency and autonomy, but that is limited in its ability to fully work out those implications.
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Burke, Lucy. "Hostile environments? Down’s syndrome and genetic screening in contemporary culture." Medical Humanities 47, no. 2 (June 2021): 193–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/medhum-2020-012066.
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This essay explores the complex entanglement of new reproductive technologies, genetics, health economics, rights-based discourses and ethical considerations of the value of human life with particular reference to representations of Down’s syndrome and the identification of trisomy 21. Prompted by the debates that have occurred in the wake of the adoption of non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT), the essay considers the representation of Down’s syndrome and prenatal testing in bioethical discourse, feminist writings on reproductive autonomy and disability studies and in a work of popular fiction, Yrsa Sigurdardóttir’s Someone To Look Over Me (2013), a novel set in Iceland during the post-2008 financial crisis. It argues that the conjunction of neo-utilitarian and neoliberal and biomedical models produce a hostile environment in which the concrete particularities of disabled people’s lives and experiences are placed under erasure for a ‘genetic fiction’ that imagines the life of the ‘not yet born’ infant with Down’s syndrome as depleted, diminished and burdensome. With close reference to the depiction of Down’s syndrome and learning disability in the novel, my reading explores the ways in which the generic conventions of crime fiction intersect with ideas about economics, politics and learning disability, to mediate an exploration of human value and social justice that troubles dominant deficit-led constructions of disability.
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Jiménez, Maximiliano. "Partly Familiar, Partly Novel Too: Fantasy and Science Fiction in Mohsin Hamid’s Exit West." Nuevas Poligrafías. Revista de Teoría Literaria y Literatura Comparada, no. 1 (February 11, 2020): 123–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/ffyl.nuevaspoligrafias.2020.1.1111.
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This article proposes a reading of Hamid’s novel Exit West (2017) that pays attention to the tropes and formulas of fantasy and science fiction used to frame an account of the so-called refugee crisis. Although the novel portrays situations rooted in the global concern regarding migrants, Hamid structures his story through associations with non-mimetic genres employing the trope of magical doors that provide escape to those desperate to flee their surroundings. I argue that replacing the hardships of travel with such a magical means of transport helps to relativize our perception of the situation in terms of science-fictional and fantasy scenarios. At the same time, the “unrealistic” depiction of the real sociopolitical problem leads to thematic reflections that are not grounded in the pity raised by the excessive attention paid to the dangers of migration, but that rather invite to a critical, positive engagement with the concept of hybridity, dramatized by Hamid in both the form and the content of his novel. Since what provides SF its generic cohesion is its use of ideology rather than specific structures or themes (Moreno, 2014), and since fantasy can be read underlying the political potential of its affective dimension (Clúa, 2017), the critical consideration of these two genres gives Exit West easy passage into a committed discussion about its context.
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Zhyhun, Snizhana. "B. Teneta's Novel «The Death of Anaguac» and the Problem of Mass Literature of the 1920s and 1930s." LITERARY PROCESS: methodology, names, trends, no. 16 (2020): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.28925/2412-2475.2020.16.3.
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The aim of this work is to demonstrate the co-presence of several discourses in the text of adventure literature of the 1920s and 1930s on the example of B. Teneta's novel «The Death of Anaguac». An effective methodology for analyzing the problem is Marxism, primarily Althusser's symptomatic reading method. Postcolonial studies and a comparative method are used to analyze individual discourses. As a result of the study, it has been found that the novel «The Death of Anaguac» by B. Teneta embodies the confrontation between Marxism (in the interpretation of history) and the national-protecting narrative (in the fiction plot). The story of the extermination of the Aztecs demonstrates an anti-colonial orientation both in comparison with the novel by the English writer R. Haggard and with the Soviet fiction about the development of the North and the Far East. The implicit author is convinced of the right of non-European peoples to their own path and original culture. The focalized depiction of the indigenous people's resistance to the invaders in Teneta's novel undermines the civilizational mission of any conquest. At the same time, the hidden theme of the novel is the colonization of Ukraine and a writer’s role in times of crisis. The novelty of the study is associated with the demonstration of the presence of various discourses that form the content of this text.
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Chavez, Mercedes. "Vernacular Landscapes." Afterimage 48, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 37–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/aft.2021.48.1.37.
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This essay employs Anthropocene frameworks to examine United States independent director Kelly Reichardt’s quiet vignettes of American precarity through the interpretive cinematic apparatus. Reichardt’s slow style and lingering gaze are primarily read as affective interpretations of human exhaustion or as a critique of capital temporalities. However, the critical attention paid toward the human in Reichardt’s films overlooks the primacy of landscape as a site of knowledge in the visual aesthetic. It is the entanglement between the human and the landscape in Reichardt’s films that invites an Anthropocene reading based on core concepts of time, scale, and the disruption of the modernist nature/culture binary. In Old Joy (2006) and Wendy and Lucy (2008), local, global, and planetary scales are made explicit and conflict with human structures such as gender and neoliberal economies. Reichardt’s work explores the manufactured landscape of Oregon and the Florida Everglades (respectively) in Night Moves (2013) and River of Grass (1994), pointing toward larger structural issues at play in traditional conservationism and narratives of progress. Finally, in her Western-influenced films Meek’s Cutoff (2010) and Certain Women (2016), Reichardt’s use of environmental sound provides the critique of American expansionist ideology’s depiction of and attempt to consume Indigeneity. Taken together, Reichardt’s filmography presents a compelling case for cinema’s role as mediator of the Anthropocene crisis.