Academic literature on the topic 'CRISPR/Cas 9'
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Journal articles on the topic "CRISPR/Cas 9"
1
Chaturvedi, Sarika, and Jinny Tomar. "CRISPR/CAS 9 Mediated Treatment for UTIs." International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology 6, no. 5 (2020): 82–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.46501/ijmtst060515.
Full textAbstract:
“CRISPR" is short and used for "CRISPR-Cas9. CRISPR stands for clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats. CRISPRs are specialized stretches of DNA. The protein Cas9 (or "CRISPR-associated") is an enzyme that acts like a pair of molecular scissors, capable of cutting strands of DNA and can be used in conjunction with engineered CRISPR sequences to hunt down codes and slice into them like a molecular scalpel, allowing geneticists to cut out a target gene, either to remove it or replace it with a new sequence. Therefore it is a simple and powerful tool for editing genomes to easily alter DNA sequences and amend gene function. In 1987, The CRISPR locus was first identified in Escherichia coli and discovered when a genetic structure containing 5 highly homologous repeats of 29 nucleotides separated by 32-nucleotide spacers (Ishino Y 1987).
2
Ding, Anqi, Zhongjin Gu, and Zihan Chen. "Application of CRISPR-Cas 9 system in cancer therapy." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 74 (December 29, 2023): 302–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/s50r4154.
Full textAbstract:
There are several gene editing technologies under the background of that time, such as ZFN and TALEN which are hard to use and have high cost. On the contrary, the efficiency and accuracy of CRISPR-Cas system has attracted the attention of scientists. CRISPR is a Short palindromic repeat sequence, and it is widespread in many prokaryotes. The first CRISPR was cloned in E. coli by scientists in 1987, and several other sequences were subsequently cloned. The Cas is a nuclease, then two of them cooperate to become the CRISPR-Cas system. It is not only an acquired immune defense mechanism of prokaryotes against virus, but also a tool for gene editing. As an emerging gene editing technology in recent years, CRISPR-Cas9 technology has been widely applied to the treatment of a variety of diseases. This review focused on the application of this technology in cancer. This review systematically introduced the working principle and immune mechanism of CRISPR-Cas9 and compared CRISPR-Cas9 technology with two previous generations of gene-editing technology, current application of CRISPR-Cas9 in cancer treatment, elaborating it with relevant examples, and finally pointed out the challenges of CRISPR-Cas9 in cancer treatment, looking forward to the development of this technology in the future. The purpose of the paper is to introduce and popularize CRISPR-Cas9 technology, and to provide a direction for future cancer treatment.
3
Mali, Franc. "Is the Patent System the Way Forward with the CRISPR-Cas 9 Technology?" Science & Technology Studies 33, no. 4 (2020): 2–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.23987/sts.70114.
Full textAbstract:
CRISPR-Cas9 technology is reshaping the way scientists conduct research in genetic engineering. It is predicted to revolutionise not only the fields of medicine, biology, agriculture and industry but, much like all revolutionary technologies of the past, the way humans live. Given the anticipated and already seen benefits of CRISPR-Cas 9 in different areas of human life, this new technology may be defined as a true breakthrough scientific discovery. The article presents several challenges connected with various dimensions of the CRISPR-Cas 9 patent landscape. The central argument is that today the biggest challenge is finding a intermediary way that ensures a balance between providing sufficient openness for the further progress of basic research in CRISPR-Cas 9 such as ‘niche’ areas of the latest genetic engineering and adequate intellectual property rights to incentivise its commercialisation and application. The article contends the endeavours by academic scientific institutions to arrive at short-term benefits of the new CRISPR-Cas 9 technology do not constitute such an intermediary way, especially when the CRISPR-Cas 9 patent landscape is viewed as part of a series of controversial bioethical discussions that have been underway for over 40 years.
4
Borisenko, A. Yu, N. A. Arefieva, Yu P. Dzhioev, et al. "In Silico Analysis of the Structural Diversity of CRISPR-Cas Systems in Genomes of Salmonella enterica and Phage Species Detected by Them." Bulletin of Irkutsk State University. Series Biology. Ecology 45 (2023): 3–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.26516/2073-3372.2023.45.3.
Full textAbstract:
The problem of resistance of pathogenic bacteria to antibiotics has become global and, therefore, there is renewed interest in the use of bacteriophages. However, bacteria also have phage defense structures, the CRISPR/Cas system. Therefore, the analysis of the structural diversity of CRISPR-Cas systems in the genomes of pathogenic bacteria and phages is an important fundamental and applied direction. The aim. Investigation of the diversity of structures of CRISPR/Cas systems in the genomes of S. enterica strains from the NCBI database using bioinformatics programs and assessment of the possibilities to identify phage protection of strains through spacers in CRISPR cassettes. The studies were carried out with the genomes of 449 S. enterica strains from the NCBI database. A number of bioinformation software methods were used: 1) MacSyFinder, 2) CRISPR Interactive database, 3) CRISPR R Tool, 4) CRISPI: a CRISPR Interactive database, 5) CRISPRFinder. Screening of phages through spacers CRISPR cassettes was used: 1) CRISPRTarget, 2) Mycobacteriophage Database, 3) Phages database. In the genomes of the studied strains of S. enterica, one type of CRISPR/Cas system, I-E, was identified. Protein genes were present in each locus of the CRISPR/Cas systems: Cas1_0_I-E_7, Cas2_0_I-E_8, Cas3_0_I_1, Cas5_0_I-E_5, Cas6_0_I-E_6, Cas7_0_I-E_4, Cse1_0_I-E_2, Cse2_0_I-E_3. The number of cassettes was from 1 to 3, and the spacers in them varied from 8 to 30. Repeats in CRISPR cassettes varied from 27 to 29 base pairs. The identified phages belonged to bacteria of the genera: Salmonella – 60%, Escherichia – 18%, Enterobacter – 9%, Salmonella – 8%, and Staphylococcus and Enterococcus were up to 5%. The obtained data on the diversity of CRISPR/Cas systems in the genomes of the studied S. enterica strains demonstrate their unique structures. The homogeneity of CRISPR/Cas systems and the rooting of CAS types I-E in genomes can be explained by their participation in the interspecific transmission of these CRISPR systems.
5
Jay, Chourasia. "The Engineered CRISPR-CAS System is a Beneficial Biological Tool for Detecting and Combating Antibiotic Resistance Microbes." BOHR International Journal of Biocomputing and Nano Technology 1, no. 1 (2021): 40–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.54646/bijbnt.08.
Full textAbstract:
Nowadays, the quick detection of antibiotic resistance bacteria causes a major problem in the field of the development of new antibiotics against the resistant bacteria. To overcome this problem, genome editing tools like clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) can be used. The CRISPR-CAS system is useful for targeting and killing antibiotic-resistant bacteria by cleaving resistance genes. It is also used to detect antibioticresistant bacteria. CRISPR is made up of a single guide RNA and the CAS 9 protein. The single guide RNA is used to guide toward the target sequence, and the CAS 9 protein is an enzyme that cuts DNA and is used in conjunction with the guide RNA. This modified sgRNA contains a complementary sequence to that of the target resistance gene and recognizes the target resistance sequence; therefore, it is cleaved by CAS-9 protein, and the removal of the resistance gene turns bacteria into antibiotic-sensitive ones. One of the delivery systems of CRISPR into bacteria is via bacteriophage.
6
Chourasia, Jay, Pourya Gholizadeh, S¸ kran Kse, et al. "The Engineered CRISPR-CAS System is a Beneficial Biological Tool for Detecting and Combating Antibiotic Resistance Microbes." BOHR International Journal of Biocomputing and Nano Technology 1, no. 1 (2022): 40–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.54646/bijbnt.008.
Full textAbstract:
Nowadays, the quick detection of antibiotic resistance bacteria causes a major problem in the field of the development of new antibiotics against the resistant bacteria. To overcome this problem, genome editing tools like clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) can be used. The CRISPR-CAS system is useful for targeting and killing antibiotic-resistant bacteria by cleaving resistance genes. It is also used to detect antibioticresistant bacteria. CRISPR is made up of a single guide RNA and the CAS 9 protein. The single guide RNA is used to guide toward the target sequence, and the CAS 9 protein is an enzyme that cuts DNA and is used in conjunction with the guide RNA. This modified sgRNA contains a complementary sequence to that of the target resistance gene and recognizes the target resistance sequence; therefore, it is cleaved by CAS-9 protein, and the removal of the resistance gene turns bacteria into antibiotic-sensitive ones. One of the delivery systems of CRISPR into bacteria is via bacteriophage.
7
Driehuis, Else, and Hans Clevers. "CRISPR/Cas 9 genome editing and its applications in organoids." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 312, no. 3 (2017): G257—G265. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00410.2016.
Full textAbstract:
Organoids are three-dimensional (3D) structures derived from adult or embryonic stem cells that maintain many structural and functional features of their respective organ. Recently, genome editing based on the bacterial defense mechanism CRISPR/Cas9 has emerged as an easily applicable and reliable laboratory tool. Combining organoids and CRISPR/Cas9 creates exciting new opportunities to study organ development and human disease in vitro. The potential applications of CRISPR in organoids are only beginning to be explored.
8
Austin, Publishing Group. "Role of CRISPR Cas-9 in Thyroid Cancer." Austin Journal of Surgery 9, no. 1 (2022): 1282. https://doi.org/10.26420/austinjsurg.2022.1282.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The regularly clustered and interspersed short palindromic repeats CRISPR are used for the treatment against many diseases. It is also widely used in the field of medicine. It can speedily screen the entire genome also facilitates the regulation of gene therapy for the certain diseases due to its strong specificity and high efficiency. CRISPR-CAS 9 can be used in the different field of tumor research for changing the genome to explore the mechanism of tumor development and. It is used for the treatment of tumors and knocks out specific genes. <strong>Keywords:</strong> Anaplastic Carcinoma; Alpha9-nAChR DNA; Cancer; CRISPRCAS 9
9
Chourasia, Jay. "The engineered CRISPR-CAS system is a beneficial biological tool for detecting and combating antibiotic resistance microbes." BOHR Journal of Biocomputing and Nano Technology 1, no. 1 (2023): 28–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.54646/bjbnt.2023.05.
Full textAbstract:
Nowadays, the quick detection of antibiotic resistance bacteria causes a major problem in the field of the development of new antibiotics against the resistant bacteria. To overcome this problem, genome editing tools like clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) can be used. The CRISPR-CAS system is useful for targeting and killing antibiotic-resistant bacteria by cleaving resistance genes. It is also used to detect antibiotic resistant bacteria. CRISPR is made up of a single guide RNA and the CAS 9 protein. The single guide RNA is used to guide toward the target sequence, and the CAS 9 protein is an enzyme that cuts DNA and is used in conjunction with the guide RNA. This modified sgRNA contains a complementary sequence to that of the target resistance gene and recognizes the target resistance sequence; therefore, it is cleaved by CAS-9 protein, and the removal of the resistance gene turns bacteria into antibiotic-sensitive ones. One of the delivery systems of CRISPR into bacteria is via bacteriophage.
10
Liu, Zheshi, and Yuxiang Zhang. "CRISPR/Cas9 in the treatment of -thalassemia." Theoretical and Natural Science 27, no. 1 (2023): 266–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/27/20240745.
Full textAbstract:
Based on clinical evidence, medication resistance poses a significant challenge to the treatment of cancer. It causes the disease to become uncontrollable and raises death rates. Drug resistance arises from a variety of causes, but a change in the inherited makeup of tumor cells is typically the root reason. The ability to modify the genome is growing with the recent discovery of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/associated (Cas)9 technology, which may be helpful in reducing drug resistance. Owing to its exceptional accuracy and efficiency, the CRISPR/Cas 9 system has been used to investigate the relevant roles of cancer-causing genes, create animal models of tumors, and identify potential therapeutic targets. As a result, it has emerged as the go-to technique for therapeutic gene editing. Utilizing CRISPR/Cas 9 technologies in the treatment of different diseases is growing. Because oncogene regulation differs from normal gene regulation, the CRISPR/Cas 9 system offers efficient methods for oncogene elimination, interference with expression, and modification of activity, all of which can effectively impede the growth of tumors. This article discusses the potential of the CRISPR/Cas9 system to identify resistance targets in drug-resistant breast cancer and reverse resistance gene alterations. Furthermore, the difficulties that prevent this technology from being clinically applicable and emphasize the CRISPR/Cas9 systems are discussed. The CRISPR/Cas9 system will be a crucial component of personalized medicine and is anticipated to have a significant impact on reducing drug resistance in cancer therapy.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "CRISPR/Cas 9"
1
Martínez, Fernández Carmen 1993. "C elegans and CRISPR/Cas gene editing to study BAP1 cancer-related mutations and cisplatin chemoresistance." Doctoral thesis, TDX (Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa), 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671159.
Full textAbstract:
Model organisms and gene-editing strategies are fundamental to
address a variety of scientific questions from basic science to
biomedical research. Here, we reinforced the use of two powerful
tools, the experimental system Caenorhabditis elegans and the
CRISPR/Cas gene-editing technology, to model cancer-related
mutations and investigate cisplatin-based chemoresistance.
We have established a model to study BAP1 cancer predisposition
syndrome-related mutations in the BAP1 ortholog ubh-4. By
exploring distinct ubh-4 alleles, we have discovered a synthetic
interaction between ubh-4 and rpn-9, an essential regulatory subunit
involved in proteasome assembly. Moreover, we suggest a
cooperating role between these genes in the ubiquitin-mediated
proteostasis at meiotic prophase.
In addition, we have exploited C. elegans to study the toxicity of
cisplatin-based therapies in different ways. First, by studying the
impact of glucose and lipid metabolism on cisplatin toxicity. Then,
we have described the harmful effect of cisplatin in mitochondrial
functions. Finally, we have established a method to investigate the
cisplatin-induced neurotoxicity by using an automated worm tracking
system and discovered a protective role of dopamine.<br>Los organismos modelo y las estrategias de edición genética son
fundamentales para desentrañar incógnitas en ciencias de la vida,
desde la investigación básica hasta investigación aplicada a la
biomedicina. En este estudio, reafirmamos la importancia del uso de
dos potentes herramientas, el sistema experimental Caenorhabditis
elegans y la tecnología de edición genética CRISPR/Cas, para
modelar mutaciones relacionadas con cáncer e investigar la
quimiorresistencia al cisplatino.
Hemos modelado mutaciones asociadas al síndrome de
predisposición tumoral BAP1, en ubh-4/BAP1. Explorando el efecto
de distintos alelos mutantes de ubh-4, hemos descubierto una
interacción sintética entre ubh-4 y rpn-9, el cual codifica para una
subunidad reguladora esencial para el ensamblaje del proteasoma.
Además, proponemos que la cooperación funcional de dichos genes
está implicada en la degradación de proteínas mediada por el
sistema ubiquitina-proteasoma durante la profase meiótica.
También hemos investigado la respuesta generada por la terapia
con cisplatino en C. elegans. Por una parte, hemos demostrado que
la toxicidad inducida por el cisplatino puede modularse alterando el
metabolismo glucídico y lipídico. Por otro lado, hemos observado
que esta droga genera disfunción mitocondrial. Finalmente,
mediante un sistema automatizado, hemos puesto a punto un
método para evaluar el efecto neurotóxico del cisplatino en el
nemátodo y hemos encontrado que la dopamina posee un efecto
protector.
2
Moore, Janelle. "Establishment of CRISPR/Cas-9 Aided Knockout of the ZIC2 Gene in the African-American Prostate Cancer Cell Line E006AA-PR." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 2019. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/cauetds/195.
Full textAbstract:
The largest U.S. cancer health disparity exists in prostate cancer, with African American men having the highest incidence and mortality rates. The present study evaluated the effects of ZIC2 and the underlying mechanisms in the E006 parental African-American cell line that produces tumors at accelerated growth rates because of the increase of ZIC2 genes in African-American males. We analyzed the experimental research that the overexpression of ZIC2 contributes to progression of prostate cancer. E006AA cells with overexpressed or suppressed ZIC2 were analyzed to determine phenotypic differences, PCR, cell proliferation and immunoblot assays. The expression levels of ZIC2 were analyzed by CRISPR-Cas9, Western blot and proliferation growth curves. We discovered using these experimental techniques to knockout ZIC2, reduced cell proliferation occurred. This research investigated the role of ZIC2 in prostate cancer progression and the effects of the loss or gain of function of ZIC2 by using CRISPR-Cas 9 genome editing technology.
3
Roux, Lauriane. "Développement et validation d’un modèle cellulaire de kératopathie associée à l’aniridie." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC276.
Full textAbstract:
L’aniridie est une pathologie rare principalement due à des mutations hétérozygotes sur PAX6, le gène contrôlant le développement oculaire et le maintien de l’homéostasie cornéenne. Elle est caractérisée par une hypo/aplasie de l’iris, des atteintes de la rétine et du cristallin. La totalité des patients atteints développe aussi une kératopathie associée à l’aniridie (KAA), conduisant à une opacification progressive de leur cornée. La KAA a pour origine un déficit en cellules souches limbiques et diverses perturbations de l’épithélium et du stroma cornéens. Actuellement, il n’existe ni traitement pour soulager efficacement les patients, ni modèle cellulaire pour cette pathologie. Afin de pallier ces manques, le système CRISPR/Cas9 a été utilisé pour intégrer une mutation hétérozygote non-sens dans le gène PAX6 de cellules épithéliales limbiques immortalisées. Les cellules mutées présentent une expression réduite de PAX6 et une modulation de celle de ses gènes cibles, un ralentissement de la prolifération, de la clonogénicité et de la migration ainsi qu’une adhésion accrue. De plus, nous avons montré qu’un traitement de ces cellules avec une protéine recombinante PAX6, portant un peptide de pénétration cellulaire, permet une induction de l’expression endogène de PAX6 et également une restauration partielle du phénotype décrit précédemment. Cette réversion phénotypique valide le modèle d’haploinsuffisance développé et suggère l’implication de PAX6 dans les différentes fonctions restaurées. Les cellules mutées peuvent maintenant être utilisées pour le criblage d’outils thérapeutiques potentiels pour la KAA et pour d’autres défauts liés à une diminution du dosage de PAX6<br>Aniridia is a rare panocular disease mainly due to PAX6 heterozygous mutations. PAX6 is the master gene of the eye development and it controls also the corneal homeostasis maintenance. Aniridia is characterized by an iris hypo/aplasia, retina and lens defects. All the aniridia patients will also develop an aniridia-related keratopathy (ARK) leading to a progressive corneal opacification. ARK is due to a limbal stem cell deficiency and alterations of corneal epithelium and stroma functions. Unfortunately, there is currently no efficient treatment to relief the patients and no cellular model for this pathology. To remedy these lacks, CRISPR/Cas9 system was used to insert a nonsense mutation into PAX6 gene of immortalized limbal epithelial cells. The mutated cells produce less PAX6 than the wild-type and PAX6 targets gene expression was modulated. They also display a marked slow-down proliferation, clonogenicity, migration and an enhanced adhesion. Moreover, we have shown that addition of recombinant PAX6 protein fused to a cell penetrating peptide to the culture medium was able to activate the endogenous PAX6 expression and to rescue some phenotypic defects of the mutated cells. Therefore, it validates the PAX6 haploinsufficiency model and suggests that PAX6 could be involved in all the rescued functions. The mutated cells can now be used to screen potential therapeutic tools for ARK and for other defects due to low levels of PAX6
4
Rubanova, Natalia. "MasterPATH : network analysis of functional genomics screening data." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC109/document.
Full textAbstract:
Dans ce travail nous avons élaboré une nouvelle méthode de l'analyse de réseau à définir des membres possibles des voies moléculaires qui sont important pour ce phénotype en utilisant la « hit-liste » des expériences « omics » qui travaille dans le réseau intégré (le réseau comprend des interactions protéine-protéine, de transcription, l’acide ribonucléique micro-l’acide ribonucléique messager et celles métaboliques). La méthode tire des sous-réseaux qui sont construit des voies de quatre types les plus courtes (qui ne se composent des interactions protéine-protéine, ayant au minimum une interaction de transcription, ayant au minimum une interaction l’acide ribonucléique micro-l’acide ribonucléique messager, ayant au minimum une interaction métabolique) entre des hit –gènes et des soi-disant « exécuteurs terminaux » - les composants biologiques qui participent à la réalisation du phénotype finale (s’ils sont connus) ou entre les hit-gènes (si « des exécuteurs terminaux » sont inconnus). La méthode calcule la valeur de la centralité de chaque point culminant et de chaque voie dans le sous-réseau comme la quantité des voies les plus courtes trouvées sur la route précédente et passant à travers le point culminant et la voie. L'importance statistique des valeurs de la centralité est estimée en comparaison avec des valeurs de la centralité dans les sous-réseaux construit des voies les plus courtes pour les hit-listes choisi occasionnellement. Il est supposé que les points culminant et les voies avec les valeurs de la centralité statistiquement signifiantes peuvent être examinés comme les membres possibles des voies moléculaires menant à ce phénotype. S’il y a des valeurs expérimentales et la P-valeur pour un grand nombre des points culminant dans le réseau, la méthode fait possible de calculer les valeurs expérimentales pour les voies (comme le moyen des valeurs expérimentales des points culminant sur la route) et les P-valeurs expérimentales (en utilisant la méthode de Fischer et des transpositions multiples).A l'aide de la méthode masterPATH on a analysé les données de la perte de fonction criblage de l’acide ribonucléique micro et l'analyse de transcription de la différenciation terminal musculaire et les données de la perte de fonction criblage du procès de la réparation de l'ADN. On peut trouver le code initial de la méthode si l’on suit le lien https://github.com/daggoo/masterPATH<br>In this work we developed a new exploratory network analysis method, that works on an integrated network (the network consists of protein-protein, transcriptional, miRNA-mRNA, metabolic interactions) and aims at uncovering potential members of molecular pathways important for a given phenotype using hit list dataset from “omics” experiments. The method extracts subnetwork built from the shortest paths of 4 different types (with only protein-protein interactions, with at least one transcription interaction, with at least one miRNA-mRNA interaction, with at least one metabolic interaction) between hit genes and so called “final implementers” – biological components that are involved in molecular events responsible for final phenotypical realization (if known) or between hit genes (if “final implementers” are not known). The method calculates centrality score for each node and each path in the subnetwork as a number of the shortest paths found in the previous step that pass through the node and the path. Then, the statistical significance of each centrality score is assessed by comparing it with centrality scores in subnetworks built from the shortest paths for randomly sampled hit lists. It is hypothesized that the nodes and the paths with statistically significant centrality score can be considered as putative members of molecular pathways leading to the studied phenotype. In case experimental scores and p-values are available for a large number of nodes in the network, the method can also calculate paths’ experiment-based scores (as an average of the experimental scores of the nodes in the path) and experiment-based p-values (by aggregating p-values of the nodes in the path using Fisher’s combined probability test and permutation approach). The method is illustrated by analyzing the results of miRNA loss-of-function screening and transcriptomic profiling of terminal muscle differentiation and of ‘druggable’ loss-of-function screening of the DNA repair process. The Java source code is available on GitHub page https://github.com/daggoo/masterPATH
5
Piatek, Agnieszka Anna. "Targeted Genome Regulation and Editing in Plants." Diss., 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10754/606854.
Full textAbstract:
The ability to precisely regulate gene expression patterns and to modify genome sequence in a site-specific manner holds much promise in determining gene function and linking genotype to phenotype. DNA-binding modules have been harnessed to generate customizable and programmable chimeric proteins capable of binding to site-specific DNA sequences and regulating the genome and epigenome. Modular DNA-binding domains from zinc fingers (ZFs) and transcriptional activator-like effectors (TALEs) are amenable to engineering to bind any DNA target sequence of interest. Deciphering the code of TALE repeat binding to DNA has helped to engineer customizable TALE proteins capable of binding to any sequence of interest. Therefore TALE repeats provide a rich resource for bioengineering applications. However, the TALE system is limited by the requirement to re-engineer one or two proteins for each new target sequence. Recently, the clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/ CRISPR associated 9 (Cas9) has been used as a versatile genome editing tool. This machinery has been also repurposed for targeted transcriptional regulation. Due to the facile engineering, simplicity and precision, the CRISPR/Cas9 system is poised to revolutionize the functional genomics studies across diverse eukaryotic species. In this dissertation I employed transcription activator-like effectors and CRISPR/Cas9 systems for targeted genome regulation and editing and my achievements include: 1) I deciphered and extended the DNA-binding code of Ralstonia TAL effectors providing new opportunities for bioengineering of customizable proteins; 2) I repurposed the CRISPR/Cas9 system for site-specific regulation of genes in plant genome; 3) I harnessed the power of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing tool to study the function of the serine/arginine-rich (SR) proteins.
6
Santos, Inês da Costa. "Betacellulin and Neurogenesis in the Adult Central Nervous System." Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/31230.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertação de mestrado em Biologia Celular e Molecular, apresentada ao Departamento de Ciências da Vida da Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade de Coimbra<br>Neural
stem
cells
(NSCs)
reside
in
special
niches
in
the
adult
brain,
including
subventricular
zone
(SVZ)
of
the
lateral
ventricle
and
subgranular
zone
(SGZ)
of
the
dentate
gyrus.
Blood
vessels
are
an
important
coumpound
of
the
neurogenic
niches
as
they
secreate
proteins
such
as
betacellulin
(BTC)
that
stimulate
NSC
proliferation,
self-‐ renewal
and
differentiation.
BTC
is
a
member
of
the
epidermal
growth
factor
(EGF)
family
of
ligands,
and
has
been
widely
studied
in
many
different
contexts.
Recently,
it
has
been
demonstrated
that,
in
vitro,
BTC
can
induce
NSC
proliferation,
promote
self-‐renewal
and
prevent
spontaneous
differentiation.
In
vivo,
BTC
can
also
promote
neurogenesis.
BTC
is
released
into
the
neurogenic
niche
by
endothelial
cells
of
the
microvasculature
and
by
the
choroid
plexus
(CP).
It
is
thought
that
BTC
activity
in
NSCs
is
mediated
through
ErbB1
and
ErbB4
receptors
whose
activation
stimulate
the
AKT
and
MEK
signalling
pathways.
In
my
thesis
I
carried
out
analysis
understanding
the
influence
of
BTC
and
other
growth
factors
on
NSCs
in
vitro
using
the
neurosphere
assay
and
measuring
neurospheres
number
and
size.
I
also
studied
the
importance
of
AKT
and
MEK
signalling
pathways
in
NSCs
cultivated
in
medium
supplemented
with
different
growth
factors
including
BTC.
I
observed
an
increase
in
cell
cycle
arrest
when
inhibitors
of
both
signalling
pathways
were
added
together
in
all
culture
conditions.
Studies
to
better
characterize
the
interaction
between
neurogenic
niche
and
BTC
were
also
carried
out
using
newly
developed
visualisation
techniques,
SeeDB
and
CLARITY
that
allowed
us
to
have
a
3D
perspective.
In
parallel,
I
made
BTC
conditional
and
BTC
reporter
contructs
for
generating
mice
using
newly
developed
CRISPR/
Cas
9
technique.
These
mice
will
allow
us
to
better
understand parallel,
I
made
BTC
conditional
and
BTC
reporter
contructs
for
generating
mice
using
newly
developed
CRISPR/
Cas
9
technique.
These
mice
will
allow
us
to
better
understand
the relative importance of BTC in adult NSCs and whether BTC transcription is modulated<br>As
células
estaminais
neuronais
estão
localizadas
em
nichos
celulares
especializados
no
cérebro
adulto,
incluindo
a
zona
subventricular
(ZSV)
no
ventrículo
lateral
e
a
zona
subgranular
(ZSG)
no
giro
denteado.
Os
vasos
sanguíneos
são
um
componente
importante
dos
nichos
neurogenicos
pois
eles
secretam
proteínas
como
é
o
caso
da
betacelulina
(BTC)
que
estimula
a
proliferação,
auto-‐renovação,
e
diferenciação
das
células
estaminais
neuronais.
A
BTC
é
um
membro
da
família
de
ligandos
do
factor
de
crescimento
epidermal,
e
tem
sido
amplamente
estudada
em
muitos
contextos
diferentes.
Recentemente,
foi
demonstrado
que,
a
BTC
induz
a
proliferação,
promove
a
auto-‐ renovação
e
previne
a
diferenciação
espontânea
das
células
estaminais
neuronais,
in
vitro.
In
vivo,
a
BTC
também
promove
a
neurogénese.
A
BTC
é
libertada
no
nicho
neurogénico
pelas
células
endoteliais
da
microvasculatura
e
pelo
plexo
coróide.
Pensa-‐se
que
a
atividade
da
BTC
nas
células
estaminais
neuronais
é
mediada
pelos
receptores
ErbB1
e
ErbB4,
cuja
ativação
estimula
as
vias
de
sinalização
AKT
e
MEK.
Na
minha
tese,
procedi
a
análises
por
forma
a
perceber
a
influência
da
BTC
e
outros
factores
de
crescimento
nas
células
estaminais
neuronais,
in
vitro,
usando
para
isso
o
ensaio
de
neuroesferas
bem
como
medindo
o
diâmetro
e
contando
o
número
de
neuroesferas.
Também
estudei
a
importância
das
vias
de
sinalização
AKT
e
MEK
nas
células
estaminais
neuronais
postas
em
cultura
em
meio
suplementado
com
diferentes
factores
de
crescimento
incluindo
a
BTC.
Em
todas
as
condições
de
cultura,
eu
observei
um
aumento
da
paragem
do
ciclo
celular
quando
foram
adicionados
os
inibidores
de
ambas
as
vias
de
sinalização
em
conjunto.
Foram
também
levados
a
cabo
estudos
para
melhor
perceber
a
interação
entre
o
nicho
neurogénico
e
a
BTC
usando
para
isso
novas
técnicas
de
visualização
,
como
é
o
caso
do
SeeDB
e
do
CLARITY
que
nos
permitiu
ter
uma
perspectiva
3D
dessa
mesma
interação.
Em
paralelo,
eu
criei
construções
para
gerar
ratos
condicionais
e
ratos
repórter,
usando
a
nova
técnica
CRISPR/Cas
9.
Estes
ratos
irão
permitir-‐nos
melhor
perceber
a
importância
relativa
da
BTC
nas
células
estaminais adultas e também perceber onde a transcrição da BTC é modulada
7
Rigiracciolo, Damiano Cosimo, Sebastiano Andò, and Marcello Maggiolini. "Targeting systems vulnerabilities in uveal melanoma by CRISPR Cas/9 focal adhesion kinase (FAK) genome editing and therapeutic inhibition." Thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10955/1843.
Full textAbstract:
Dottorato di Ricerca in Medicina Traslazionale. Ciclo XXX<br>Il Melanoma Uveale rappresenta la neoplasia intraoculare più frequente nell’età adulta. Colpisce circa 2,500
individui ogni anno negli USA ed il 50% dei pazienti affetti da tale neoplasia sviluppa metastasi entro 5 anni
dalla diagnosi. Non essendo state ancora identificate terapie efficaci, la sopravvivenza in presenza di
metastasi è di circa 6 mesi. Il Melanoma Uveale è geneticamente caratterizzato dalla presenza di mutazioni
somatiche attivanti a carico degli oncogeni GNAQ e GNA11, che codificano per due diverse subunità α delle
proteine G. Tali mutazioni sono state identificate rispettivamente in circa il 94% dei casi di Melanoma
Cutaneo ed il 4% dei casi di Melanoma Uveale.
Sulla base di tali osservazioni, nel presente lavoro di tesi è stato valutato il ruolo esercitato da una proteina
citoplasmatica ad attività tirosin-chinasica associata ai recettori per le integrine denominata FAK (focal
adhesion kinase), nella progressione del Melanoma Uveale, sia in vitro che in vivo. In particolare, mediante
analisi bioinformatica (www.cbioportal.com) delle alterazioni genomiche di campioni estratti da pazienti
affetti da melanoma uveale (n=80), è stato inizialmente determinato che il gene codificante per FAK (PTK2)
risulta over-espresso nel 56% dei casi. Inoltre, il presente studio condotto in cellule di Melanoma Uveale
OMM1.3 (GNAQ/11 mutate) e in cellule ingegnerizzate per l’espressione di un recettore di membrana
accoppiato a proteine-G (Gαq) attivato esclusivamente da ligandi sintetici denominate HEK293
DREADD/Gq, ha dimostrato il coinvolgimento di segnali mediati da GNAQ nell’attivazione di FAK
attraverso il reclutamento del fattore coinvolto nello scambio di nucleotidi guaninici denominato TRIO e la
proteina appartenente alla super-famiglia di Ras denominata Rho-A. A riprova, saggi biologici hanno
dimostrato l’efficacia di specifici inibitori di FAK nei processi di proliferazione cellulare sia in cellule di
Melanoma Uveale derivanti da lesioni primarie che da metastasi epatiche. Attraverso l’innovativo approccio
genetico denominato CRISPR/Cas 9 genome editing (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic
Repeats), il silenziamento dell’espressione di FAK ha ridotto significativamente la crescita del melanoma
uveale in modelli sperimentali utilizzati in vivo. Collettivamente, i risultati ottenuti indicano che FAK può
essere considerato un potenziale target terapeutico per il trattamento del Melanoma Uveale e di altre
neoplasie caratterizzate da mutazioni oncogeniche a carico delle subunità αq/α11 dei recettori di membrana
accoppiati a proteine G.<br>Università della Calabria
8
Baazim, Hatoon. "RNA-guided Transcriptional Regulation in Plants via dCas9 Chimeric Proteins." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10754/316715.
Full textAbstract:
Developing targeted genome regulation approaches holds much promise for
accelerating trait discovery and development in agricultural biotechnology. Clustered
Regularly Interspaced Palindromic Repeats (CRISPRs)/CRISPR associated (Cas) system
provides bacteria and archaea with an adaptive molecular immunity mechanism against
invading nucleic acids through phages and conjugative plasmids. The type II
CRISPR/Cas system has been adapted for genome editing purposes across a variety of
cell types and organisms. Recently, the catalytically inactive Cas9 (dCas9) protein
combined with guide RNAs (gRNAs) were used as a DNA-targeting platform to
modulate the expression patterns in bacterial, yeast and human cells. Here, we employed
this DNA-targeting system for targeted transcriptional regulation in planta by developing
chimeric dCas9-based activators and repressors. For example, we fused to the C-terminus
of dCas9 with the activation domains of EDLL and TAL effectors, respectively, to
generate transcriptional activators, and the SRDX repression domain to generate
transcriptional repressor. Our data demonstrate that the dCas9:EDLL and dCas9:TAD
activators, guided by gRNAs complementary to promoter elements, induce strong
transcriptional activation on episomal targets in plant cells. Moreover, our data suggest
that the dCas9:SRDX repressor and the dCas9:EDLL and dCas9:TAD activators are
capable of markedly repressing or activating, respectively, the transcription of an
endogenous genomic target. Our data indicate that the CRISPR/dCas9:TFs DNA
targeting system can be used in plants as a functional genomic tool and for
biotechnological applications.
9
He, Bicheng. "The role of Tc-foxQ2 in the central brain development in Tribolium castaneum." Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-002E-E56C-9.
Full text
10
Benoit, Gabriel. "Étude de l’expression et de la fonction du gène Ankyrin-repeat and SOCS-Box protein 9 (ASB9) dans le follicule ovulatoire bovin." Thèse, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/22615.
Full textBooks on the topic "CRISPR/Cas 9"
1
Cut-And-Paste Genetics: A CRISPR Revolution. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Incorporated, 2021.
Find full text
2
Gibson, William. Samuel Wesley and the Crisis of Tory Piety, 1685-1720. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198870241.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
This book examines the life of Samuel Wesley, the father of John and Charles Wesley, as a High Church parson in the Church of England. It examines a series of crises in Wesley’s life: his move from Dissent to the Church of England, his abandonment of James II in 1688, his failed ambitions as a parish priest, the imprisonment for debt in 1705, his problematic relations with his bishop and tumultuous marriage to Susanna Wesley, his support for the Tory Convocation measures in 1713 and the haunting of his rectory in Epworth by a poltergeist. Each of these aspects of Wesley’s life showed how awkward his continuing commitment to High Church Toryism was. The book argues that Wesley’s life demonstrates that the Revolution of 1688-9 was not a single event, but a long and protracted experience, reaching, in Wesley’s case, from 1685-1720. The Tory Crisis of Piety of this period was evidence of the Long Glorious Revolution.
3
Davies, Jonathan. Between Realism and Revolt. Policy Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529210910.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
Between Realism and Revolt explores urban governance in the “age of austerity”, focusing on the period between the global financial crisis of 2008-9 and the beginning of the global Coronavirus pandemic at the end of 2019. It considers urban governance after the 2008 crisis, from the perspective of governability. How did cities navigate the crisis and the aftermath of austerity, with what political ordering and disordering dynamics at the forefront? To answer these questions it engages with two influential theoretical currents, Urban Regime Theory and Gramscian state theory, with a view to understanding how governance enabled austerity, deflected or intensified localised expressions of crisis, and generated more-or-less successful political alternatives. It develops a comparative analysis of case studies undertaken in the cities of Athens, Baltimore, Barcelona, Greater Dandenong (Melbourne), Leicester, Montreal and Nantes, and concludes by highlighting five characteristics that cut across the cities, unevenly and in different configurations: economic rationalism, weak hegemony, retreat to dominance, weak counter-hegemony and radically contagious politicisations.
4
Patman, Robert G. Strategic Shortfall. ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216019763.
Full textAbstract:
This seminal work argues that the disastrous raid in Mogadishu in 1993, and America's resulting aversion to intervening in failed states, led to the Rwanda and Bosnia genocides and to the 9/11 attacks. Contrary to conventional wisdom, this book argues, it was not the 9/11 attacks that transformed the international security environment. Instead, it was "Somali Syndrome," an aversion to intervening in failed states that began in the wake of the1993 U.S./UN action in Somalia. The botched raid precipitated America's strategic retreat from its post-Cold War experiment at partnership with the UN in nation-building and peace enforcement and engendered U.S. paralysis in the face of genocide in Rwanda, Bosnia, and Darfur. The ensuing international security vacuum emboldened al-Qaeda to emerge and attack America and inaugurated our present era of intrastate conflict, mass killings, forced relocations, and international terrorism. As this even-handed treatment shows, the Somali crisis can be connected to seven key features of the emerging post-Cold War world security order. These include the fact that failed states are now the main source of world instability and that new wars are driven by racial, ethnic, and religious identity issues.
5
Cox, Fiona. Josephine Balmer and Averill Curdy. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198779889.003.0010.
Full textAbstract:
Ovid’s poems of exile have found new life not only through Darrieussecq’s translations, but also through the way in which they inform the poetry of Josephine Balmer whose volume The Word for Sorrow includes her ‘transgressions’ of Ovid that take us from the battlefields of the First World War (situated close to the site of Ovid’s exile) to the poet/translator’s present world, as she searches for Ovid in the recesses of the internet and links him to her own family history. On the other side of the Atlantic Averill Curdy, also, is thinking about the reception of Ovid in America, and what his experiences of loss and exile can teach us in the face of tragedies such as 9/11, the financial crisis, and the Iraq war.
6
Timothy, Spangler. 9 US and EU Regulatory Responses to The Global Financial Crisis. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198807247.003.0009.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter examines the impact of the 2007–08 global financial crisis on the regulation of private investment funds in the United States and in the European Union. It begins with a review of Dodd-Frank, which can be seen as the U.S. movement towards the international consensus that private fund managers should be directly regulated by the national financial regulator. It then considers Dodd-Frank’s repeal of the so-called ‘private adviser exemption’ previously found in the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, along with its exemption of ‘foreign private advisers’ from registration. It also explains the distinction between ‘US advisers’ and ‘non-US advisers’, Dodd-Frank’s compliance requirements for various types of investment advisers, and Rule 204(b)-1, jointly approved by the Securities and Exchange Commission and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission under the Investment Advisers Act. The chapter concludes with an analysis of the Alternative Investment Fund Managers Directive (AIFMD) and future outlook for Dodd-Frank.
7
Hellwig, Timothy, Yesola Kweon, and Jack Vowles. Democracy Under Siege? Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198846208.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
For the worlds democracies, the Global Financial Crisis of 2008–9 was catalyst for the most precipitous economic downturn in eight decades. This book examines how the GFC and ensuing Great Recession affected the workings of mass politics in the established democracies. The initial wave of research on the crisis concluded it did little to change the established relationships between voters, parties, and elections. Yet, nearly a decade since the initial shock, we are witnessing a wave of political changes, the extent to which has not been fully explained by existing studies. How did the economic malaise bear on the political preferences of citizens? This book pushes against the received wisdom by advancing a framework for understanding citizen attitudes, preferences, and behaviour. We make two main claims. First, while previous studies of the GFC tend to focus on an immediate impact of the crisis, we argue that economic malaise had a long-lasting impact. In addition to economic shock, we emphasize that economic recovery has a significant impact on citizens assessment of political elites. Second, we argue that unanticipated exogenous shocks like the GFC grant party elites an opening for political manoeuvre through public policy and rhetoric. As a result, political elites have a high degree of agency to shape public perceptions and behaviour. Political parties can strategically moderate citizens economic uncertainty, mobilize/demobilize voters, and alter individuals political preferences. By leveraging data from over 150,000 individuals across over 100 nationally representative post-election surveys from the 1990s to 2017, this book tests these research claims across a range of outcomes, including economic perceptions, policy demands, political participation, and the vote.
8
Zainal Abidin, Irwan Shah. Evaluating the Malaysian economy 2009-2018: growth, development and policies. Edited by Irwan Shah Zainal Abidin. UUM Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32890/9789672363149.
Full textAbstract:
Malaysia was once on the cusp of becoming one of the Asian Tigers as a result of the impressively high growth rates recorded in the early 1990s. From 1990 until 1997, the growth rate was above 9 percent per annum on average. This performance came to an end when the economy was struck by the 1997/98 Asian Financial Crisis, the worst economic crisis Malaysia has ever experienced since independence. Things eventually worsened with the onslaught of the 2008/09 Global Financial Crisis, which dragged the Malaysian economy yet into another round of a recession with the growth rate contracting at 1.5 percent in 2009. On hindsight, these two events, which have had a substantial impact on the state of the Malaysian economy, pointed to several urgent calls for economic reforms, such as the need to address structural weaknesses of the economy and to have a growth target which is both sustainable as well as inclusive. When Datuk Seri Najib Razak became the sixth Prime Minister of Malaysia from April 2009 until May 2018, it was clear that a new approach to economic development for Malaysia had to be crafted. Towards this end, he introduced the National Transformation Policy (NTP), so that the economy can be transformed into one that is of high-income and developed status by the year 2020. He also set a new vision for Malaysia, also known as the 2050 National Transformation, or TN50, which is meant to chart a new course for Malaysia to move into the second half of the 21st century. How successful is this transformational agenda? What are the other issues and challenges which need to be addressed? What important lessons can we learn from this transformational journey? This book is an attempt to address these specific questions by assessing Najibs economic plans, policies, programmes and vision which evolved during the nine years of his term as the sixth Prime Minister of Malaysia.
9
Griffith-Jones, Stephany, and José Antonio Ocampo, eds. The Future of National Development Banks. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198827948.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
The topic of national development banks was largely neglected in the academic literature for a long period, and was limited to a debate between admirers and detractors of these institutions. Since the 2007/9 financial crisis, interest in and support for these institutions have broadly increased, in developing, emerging, and developed countries alike. The key issues are understanding how such development banks work, what their main aims are, what instruments, incentives, and governance work better in general and in particular contexts, and what are their links with the private financial and corporate sector, as well as with broader government policies. This book aims to provide an in-depth study of several key cases of national development banks (in Brazil, Chile, China, Colombia, Mexico, Germany, and Peru) as well as horizontal issues such as their role in innovation and structural change, infrastructure financing, financial inclusion, environmental sustainability, the countercyclical role of development financing, and the regulatory rules that are best for these institutions. From both a research and a policymaking perspective, this book concludes that development banks can make a significant contribution to development. It analyses their roles, the link with broader economic policies, their governance, and the main instruments they use to perform their functions. The book has important policy implications for countries that have development banks, so they can improve them, but also for countries which do not yet have them, and can learn from best practice should they wish to establish them.
10
Gupta, Suman. Political Catchphrases and Contemporary History. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192863690.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract A historical account of the period 2001–2020 is presented by focusing on the shifting connotations of certain political catchphrases and words. These allow for a linked-up narrative covering areas such as politics and policy, business and investing, austerity and inequality, identity, climate change, crowd protests, flexible working, and online education. Key junctures are 9/11, the 2002 dot-com crash and the 2007–2008 financial crisis, the Occupy movements of 2011–2012, China’s economic policy from 2014 onwards, and the COVID-19 outbreak in 2020. Half the book is devoted to the unusually pervasive usage of the catchphrase ‘new normal’. Chapters are also given to ‘we are the 99%’ and the catchwords ‘austerity’ and ‘resilience’. Case studies of these catchphrases and words occupy much of the book. The final chapter makes conceptual inferences and proposes both a theory of political catchphrases and a distinctive approach to contemporary history. The source materials are predominantly from the UK and USA, but refer, naturally, to issues of global moment. The book would be of particular interest to students and researchers in politics and policy studies, contemporary social history, cultural studies and sociology, discourse analysis, and media studies. While following an academic format, it is written in an accessible style and would appeal to all who are alive to the momentous developments that are unfolding at present.
Book chapters on the topic "CRISPR/Cas 9"
1
Shahzad, Rahil, Shakra Jamil, Ghalib T. G. Alsubaie, et al. "Crispr-Cas-Mediated Genome Editing in Maize – Present, Past, and Future." In CRISPR-Based Gene Editing. Apple Academic Press, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781032712147-9.
Full text
2
Pandita, Deepu. "CRISPR/Cas-Mediated Genome Editing Technologies in Plants." In Plant Abiotic Stress Physiology. Apple Academic Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003180562-9.
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3
Kiani, Bushra Hafeez. "Genome Editing of Maize with CRISPR/Cas Systems: Past, Present, and Future." In CRISPR/Cas-Mediated Genome Editing in Plants. Apple Academic Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003331759-9.
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4
Kalidas, C., and M. V. Sangaranarayanan. "CRISPR-CAS-9, A Method for Genome Editing." In Biophysical Chemistry. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-37682-5_32.
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5
Ramlal, Ayyagari, Hardik Singhal, Kamal Kumar, Lalit Kumar, Vimal Pandey, and Sahil Mehta. "Transcriptional Activation and Suppression using CRISPR/Cas9 A Plant's Outlook." In Basics of CRISPR/Cas Mediated Plant Genome Editing. CRC Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003247685-9.
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6
Concha, Carolina, and Riccardo Papa. "Site-Directed DNA Sequence Modification Using CRISPR/Cas 9." In Transgenic Insects, 2nd ed. CABI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781800621176.0007.
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7
Khan, Zulqurnain. "CRISPR-Cas 9 System to Combat Plant Fungal Infections." In Engineering Disease Resistance in Plants using CRISPR-Cas. CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b22901-7.
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8
Shahi, Neetu. "Application of CRISPR–CAS 9 Tool for Therapeutic Management of Aquatic Microbial Infection." In Management of Fish Diseases. Springer Nature Singapore, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-0270-4_14.
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9
Awan, Tehreem Fatima, and Muhammad Jadoon Khan. "Application of Advanced CRISPR/Cas-9 and Other Genomic Tools in RNA-Based Therapeutics." In RNA-Based Cancer Therapeutics. Springer Nature Singapore, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-3456-9_2.
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10
Pattison, Donna L. "Scaffolding CRISPR Lessons to Accommodate Learning Levels and Resource Availability." In Learning Materials in Biosciences. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-73734-3_12.
Full textAbstract:
What You Will Learn in This Chapter In this chapter, strategies for the introduction and study of CRISPR-Cas systems and their use as a genomic editing tool will be discussed. Lessons covering the natural role of CRISPR systems in bacteria, the molecular mechanisms, potential applications of the knowledge, and ethical considerations of genome editing are suggested here. An opportunity to expose students to how discoveries are made, shared, and expanded by others is presented by the whirlwind adoption of CRISPR techniques across the scientific community. This chapter provides suggestions on lessons that can stand alone or provide the introduction and background that build expertise and lead up to hands-on wet-bench activities or research projects. Suggested approaches for learners from grade 9 through undergraduate senior level coursework will be offered. Scaffolding knowledge and providing multiple opportunities for interacting with material deepens understanding and helps students retain their learning over time. Course instructors can select activities suitable for the level and expertise of their students and the availability of time and resources to dedicate to the study of these naturally occurring systems that provide a powerful method to edit DNA.
Conference papers on the topic "CRISPR/Cas 9"
1
Paz, José Matheus Lima Paiva da, and Juliana Prado Gonçales. "CONTRIBUIÇÃO DO SISTEMA CRISPR CAS-9 NOS AVANÇOS DA ONCOLOGIA." In XXVII Semana de Biomedicina Inovação e Ciência. Editora IME, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51161/9786588884119/4.
Full textAbstract:
Introdução: O câncer é uma das doenças que apresentam maior morbimortalidade, responsável por 9.6 milhões de mortes e 18 milhões de novos casos em 2018, estando entre as quatro principais causas de mortes prematuras (antes dos 70 anos de idade), um em cada cinco mortes no mundo é relacionada a doença. A incidência e a mortalidade têm aumentado e seus principais motivos são o envelhecimento populacional e prevalência dos fatores de risco (predisposição genética, consumo de álcool, tabaco, dieta, sedentarismo e como também o papiloma vírus humano (HPV).(1, 2) De maneira geral, os tumores são resultados de mutações em certos pontos do genoma, principalmente naqueles que estão diretamente relacionados ao mecanismo de reparo do DNA e apoptose celular que ocasiona multiplicação anormal de algum tipo de célula, podendo ocorrer migração para outras partes do corpo, se desenvolvendo fora do local de origem (metástase).(3) Objetivos: descrever a contribuição do sistema Crispr Cas-9 nos avanços da oncologia. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo de literatura que consultou a base de dados Us National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health (Pubmed) de 2016 até 2021. Resultados: A pesquisa realizada por Williams e Largaespada fez uso do sistema CRISPR CAS-9 (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) para a ampliação dos tratamentos da neurofibromatose causada por mutações no gene supressor de tumor NF1 (codifica a neurofibromina).(4) Já Xiao, Chen e Cui lançaram mão da CRISPR CAS-9 para a depleção do mRNA-21 em carcinoma nasofaringe tendo êxito em suprimir o crescimento celular, bem como sua proliferação nas células CNE2. Ao comparar com grupo controle com o grupo experimental (sgRNA-mir-21) notou-se que expressões de Bcl-2 e Bcl-L diminuíram e a Caspase-3 foi ativada e esses resultados implicaram que o knockdown direcionado do miR-21 foram capazes de induzir apoptose nas células alvos.(5) Conclusões: Levando-se em consideração o que foi abordado, fica evidente que apesar do câncer ser uma doença multifatorial, o novo mosaico que a biotecnologia emergente CRSPR CAS-9 proporciona é um grande diferencial já que pode levar a conhecer as doenças por pontos que antes não eram possíveis e como também transformar o modo de combate-las.
2
Mikhaylova, Y. V., M. A. Tyumentseva, A. A. Shelenkov, Y. G. Yanushevich, A. I. Tyumentsev, and V. G. Akimkin. "ASSESSMENT OF EFFICIENCY AND OFF-TARGET ACTIVITY OF CRISPR/CAS RIBONUCLEOPROTEIN COMPLEXES." In Molecular Diagnostics and Biosafety. Federal Budget Institute of Science 'Central Research Institute for Epidemiology', 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36233/978-5-9900432-9-9-98.
Full textAbstract:
In this study, we assessed the efficiency and off-target activity of the CRISPR/CAS complex with one of the selected guide RNAs using the CIRCLE-seq technology. The gene encoding the human chemokine receptor CCR5 was used as a target sequence for genome editing. The results of this experiment indicate the correct choice of the guide RNA and efficient work of the CRISPR- CAS ribonucleoprotein complex used. CIRCLE-seq technology has shown high sensitivity compared to bioinformatic methods for predicting off-target activity of CRISPR/CAS complexes. We plan to evaluate the efficiency and off-target activity of CRISPR/CAS ribonucleoprotein complexes with other guide RNAs by slightly adjusting the CIRCLE-seq-technology protocol in order to reduce nonspecific DNA breaks and increase the number of reliable reads.
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Panuntun, Daniel. "Christian Ethics Toward Crispr Cas-9 Gene Editing for Human Being." In Proceedings of the First International Conference on Christian and Inter Religious Studies, ICCIRS 2019, December 11-14 2019, Manado, Indonesia. EAI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.11-12-2019.2302140.
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Musskof, Anna Júlia da Silva, Geovana Soares de Melo, Pietra Santos Viana, and Antônio Márcio Cordeiro Silva. "A UTILIZAÇÃO DO MÉTODO CRISPR/CAS 9 COMO TERAPIA GENÉTICA NO CÂNCER UTERINO." In VIII CONGRESSO DE ESCOLAS MÉDICAS (CESMED): MEDICINA ATRAVÉS DO TEMPO: A INFINITUDE DO OLHAR MÉDICO. Editora Omnis Scientia, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.47094/978-65-6036-445-5/16.
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Tyumentseva, M. A., A. I. Tyumentsev, and V. G. Akimkin. "DEVELOPMENT OF APPROACHES FOR DETECTION OF GENOME-INTEGRATED PROVIRAL DNA OF THE HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV-1) IN ULTRA LOW CONCENTRATIONS USING THE CRISPR/CAS SYSTEM." In Molecular Diagnostics and Biosafety. Federal Budget Institute of Science 'Central Research Institute for Epidemiology', 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36233/978-5-9900432-9-9-118.
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For the effective functioning of supervisory and health monitoring services, it is necessary to introduce modern molecular technologies into their practice. Therefore, the task of developing new effective methods for detecting pathogen, for example HIV, based on CRISPR/CAS genome editing systems, remains urgent. In the present work, guide RNAs and specific oligonucleotides were developed for preliminary amplification of highly conserved regions of the HIV-1 genome. The developed guide RNAs make it possible to detect single copies of HIV-1 proviral DNA in vitro as part of CRISPR/CAS ribonucleoprotein complexes in biological samples after preliminary amplification.
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Lee, Sanghoon, Changhong Yin, Janet Ayello, Carmella van de Ven, and Mitchell S. Cairo. "Abstract 3617: Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated (CAS) system mediated endogenous CD19 gene knockout model in burkitt lymphoma." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2014-3617.
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Tyumentsev, A. I., M. A. Tyumentseva, and V. G. Akimkin. "DEVELOPMENT OF APPROACHES FOR ENDOTOXIN REMOVAL FROM PROTEIN PREPARATIONS ON THE EXAMPLE OF NUCLEASES OF THE CRISPR/CAS SYSTEM." In Molecular Diagnostics and Biosafety. Federal Budget Institute of Science 'Central Research Institute for Epidemiology', 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36233/978-5-9900432-9-9-113.
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Removal of bacterial endotoxins from solutions of recombinant proteins is one of the most important issues in the preparation of highly purified preparations suitable for in vivo use. An optimal technology for obtaining preparations purified from bacterial endotoxins has been proposed using purification of preparations of recombinant nucleases of the CRISPR/CAS system as an example. Efficacy of developed technology was compared with other available methods. Removal of bacterial endotoxins was carried out using Triton X-114 detergent added to a concentration of 1% to a solution containing the recombinant protein. It was shown that the content of bacterial endotoxins in solutions of purified proteins obtained according to the proposed technology is 0.3–1.5 EU/ml.
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Парыгина, А. Д., А. В. Полховский та И. В. Киров. "НАПРАВЛЕННЫЙ МУТАГЕНЕЗ ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA НА ОСНОВЕ МОБИЛЬНЫХ ТРАНСКРИПТОВ CRISPR-CAS9 СИСТЕМЫ". У Биотехнология в растениеводстве, животноводстве и сельскохозяйственной микробиологии. Crossref, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.48397/arriab.2023.23.xxiii.088.
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CRISPR-Cas системы – прокариотический инструмент для защиты от фаговых инфекций. Cas-9 белок обладает эндонуклеазной активностью и в комплексе с гидовой молекулой способен распознавать чужеродные геномные последовтельности и разрезать их, тем самым предотвращая распространение инфекции. Эта система показала свою эффективность и в эукариотических организмах, став перспективным инструментом для геномного редактирования.
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Sharma, Rohit K., Ginette S. Santiago-Sánchez, Robert J. Rabelo-Fernández, Blanca I. Quiñones-Díaz, Fatima Valiyeva, and Pablo E. Vivas-Mejia. "Abstract 2503: Crispr/cas-9-mediated genome editing reveals that RBPMS acts as a tumor suppressor in ovarian cancer." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2021; April 10-15, 2021 and May 17-21, 2021; Philadelphia, PA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2021-2503.
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Lu, Y., L. Wang, X. Fan, et al. "Unfolded Protein Response in CRISPR/Cas 9 Gene-Edited Pi[asterisk]Z Alpha 1-Antitrypsin Hepatocytes and Pi[asterisk]Z Alpha 1-Antitrypsin Transgenic Mouse Model." In American Thoracic Society 2020 International Conference, May 15-20, 2020 - Philadelphia, PA. American Thoracic Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2020.201.1_meetingabstracts.a1213.
Full textReports on the topic "CRISPR/Cas 9"
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Gong, Ping. Invasive species management on military lands : clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9)-based gene drives. Environmental Laboratory (U.S.), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/22721.
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Lacayo, Carlos. ¿Pueden las Estrategias Nacionales Mejorar el Impacto de los Programas de Reducción de la Pobreza?: El Caso de Nicaragua. Inter-American Development Bank, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0007451.
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Esta presentación fue comisionada por la Red de Reducción de la Pobreza y Protección Social del Diálogo Regional de Política para la VI Reunión Hemisférica celebrada los días 9 y 10 de diciembre de 2003. En Nicaragua, las condiciones socio-económicas que generaron la guerra civil de 1979 no han cambiado, sólo la libertad de expresión, la profesionalización del ejército y la policía, los niveles de subsidio y apoyo externo, han evitado el resurgimiento de una nueva crisis. La estrategia de reducción de pobreza y las reformas en materia de justicia social deben ser enfrentadas con seriedad y los temas de la supervisión externa y control social interno requieren de un esfuerzo mucho mayor.
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Kjellander, Tove, and Lisa Sjöblom. Child and youth participation during crisis – Recommendations for decision makers in the Nordic region. Edited by Merethe Löberg and Christina Lindström. Nordic Welfare Centre, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.52746/okta3233.
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Every young person is entitled to be heard and involved in matters that concern them. But how can decision makers safeguard meaningful child and youth participation in times of crisis? This publication contains 34 recommendations and 9 promising examples for decision makers in the Nordic region on how to build resilient structures for the future. The analysis and recommendations in this report are based on conversations with more than 100 representatives of youth and national experts in the Nordic region, covering the Nordic countries and Greenland, Åland and the Faroe Islands. The lessons and direct experiences of the representatives of Nordic youth organisations serve as an important source of information in preparing for potential crises in the future. The learnings are valuable for all adults making decisions that concerns young, and especially important for decision makers responsible for any crisis management structures. Decision makers in the Nordic region were not prepared to protect children’s rights when the Covid-19 pandemic hit. Their right to be heard was often neglected or recognised too late. To do better in a future crisis we need to have participatory structures in place before the crisis hits. Children and young people don’t have as much power as adults, and they cannot yet vote. We also need decision makers that have positive attitudes toward children and youth, necessary skills, and competence. Decision makers should presume that a child has the capacity to form her or his own views and recognize that she or he has the right to express them. We encourage local authorities and decision makers in the Nordic region to use the checklist in the publication to build resilient structures for child and youth participation. If a new crisis strikes, the Nordic region must ensure that the perspectives and experiences of children and youth are included in the decision making processes.
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Shehryar, Shehryar. The Socio-economic Impact of the Taliban’s Poppy Ban. Institute of Development Studies, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4dd.2024.034.
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The Taliban’s edict prohibiting poppy cultivation and the use and trade of all types of narcotics across Afghanistan has had a profound impact on the country’s rural population, particularly in regions that saw the highest volumes of poppy cultivation. The disruption to farmers’ livelihoods comes amidst a collapsing national economy that promises few viable long-term alternatives. Poppy has long been Afghanistan’s most valuable cash crop, and saw a significant expansion during the two decades of the Republic that followed the Taliban’s late 2001 ouster. Its labour-intensive cultivation employed several hundred thousand people, pushing up wages and living standards of those directly and indirectly involved. As Afghanistan faced the worst drought in decades around the time of the Taliban’s August 2021 return to power, poppy’s resilience and relatively low water needs made it all-the-more attractive. Afghanistan’s diplomatic and economic isolation after the Taliban’s August 2021 forceful seizure of power has devastated an already struggling economy. The freezing of around US$9 billion in central bank foreign reserves, held mostly in the U.S., triggered a collapse of the local currency and a major liquidity crisis, while aid cut-offs and sanctions triggered hyper-inflation and impeded trade and other business. Without tangible Taliban commitments to basic rights and equality, especially of girls and women, any deep international economic engagement remains highly unlikely. A brutal economic crisis will only magnify the poppy ban’s impact on households.