Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Cristallisation membranaire'
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Michaud, Maïté. "Contacteur membranaire innovant pour la cristallisation : application aux systèmes de type diffusion / réaction." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1322.
Full textMembrane processes are considered as one of the most promising breakthrough technology for crystallization/precipitation operations. Porous materials have been extensively investigated but they have shown some serious limitations due to pore blocking and wetting phenomenon. The use of a dense membrane is expected to circumvent the pore blocking issue while keeping the advantages of membrane processes. In a first part, the model compound, BaCO3, is precipitated within a gas-liquid or liquid-liquid membrane contactor working under static conditions for both systems. In this configuration, hydrodynamic influences are avoided. The membrane-crystals interactions are studied using several dense membrane polymers. Permeability of both reactant species and surface tension are the key parameters to be considered. Indeed, these parameters greatly affect the deposit location of the crystals and their adherence on the membrane surface. Fouling within the membrane and on the surface are prevented with PDMS and Teflon AF 2400 which are thereby the two most promising materials for the given application. In a second part, the same model compound is precipitated in gas-liquid system under dynamic conditions. Self-supporting (PDMS) and composite hollow fibers (PP-Teflon AF 2400) are studied. Investigations on the operating condition influences show similar results to those obtained with membrane contactor used for CO2 capture: resistance to mass transfer is mainly located in the liquid phase. Proof of concept is supported by the stable performances obtained with the PP-Teflon AF 2400 module of 10 % packing ratio. The module geometry, and more specifically its packing ratio, is an important criterion to take into account to avoid module blocking. Finally, 2D computational fluid dynamics simulations, using the finite element method are performed. One single kinetic parameter is used to fit the experimental data. The simulated concentration profiles are not satisfactory. Nonetheless, predictability of the model seems to be promising: crystal productivities are rather well estimated
Triger, Aurelien. "Procédé hybride cristallisation et séparation membranaire pour le traitement d'un fluide complexe (urine)." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ISAT0045/document.
Full textThe development of decentralized and specific sanitation system is an issue that concerns both the improvement of sanitary conditions in the poorest area of the world and the development of renewable sources of nutrients for agriculture. This study aims to provide some elements about a treatment line including crystallization and membrane separation for the treatment and valorization of urine. Crystallization allows to recover phosphorus and part of nitrogen contained in urine. Membrane separation is used in order to remove bacteria and viruses from urine. To check the potentialities of these processes some tests were performed at labscale with synthetic and real human urines.It was shown that the struvite crystallization by magnesium addition with a ratio Mg:P=1,3:1 allows recovering most of the phosphorus from urine with a very rapid kinetics (about 20s). Influence of mixing conditions, urine storage, organic matter and initial crystals in urine was studied in batch and continuous reactor. Ultrafiltrations of different pretreated urines (no pretreatment, stored urine, stored and crystallized urine) were performed with PES, PAN and PVDF membranes. Mechanisms responsible for an important flux decline during urine flitration were studied. Specific influence of particular, colloidal and soluble fraction on the flux decline was also evidenced. On these basis different possible treatment lines of urines are proposed and discussed
Kalakech, Carla. "Membrane crystallization by pervaporation for paracetamol production and polymorphism control." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 1, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LYO10300.
Full textCrystallization is a crucial unit operation in process engineering, widely utilized across industries such as chemical, pharmaceutical, and electronics. Despite its importance, current crystallization methods encounter various limitations, impacting the final product quality, production consistency, and the control over the polymorphic form. Recently, membrane processes have emerged as a promising approach to enhance crystallization control, particularly pervaporation, which employs a dense selective membrane. Applied to crystallization, this method allows for the removal of the solvent from a solvent/antisolvent mixture, creating the supersaturation needed for crystallization initiation. The primary goal of this PhD work is to control paracetamol polymorphism through the selective crystallization and stabilization of the metastable form II using membrane crystallization by pervaporation. Paracetamol form II is favored for its high solubility and compressibility compared to the most stable form I, but its instability during crystallization, particularly its rapid solvent-mediated phase transformation (SMPT) to form I, poses significant challenges. To do so, the initial investigation involved producing form II in small quantities through heating and cooling cycles using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), followed by its characterization using numerous analytical techniques. An offline Fourier transform near infrared spectroscopy (FT-NIR) polymorphism prediction model supported by a chemometric technique like Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) was developed and validated during seeded batch cooling crystallization. The selective crystallization and stabilization of form II in seeded batch cooling crystallization was optimized by controlling the supersaturation level and the operational temperature. Results demonstrated that maintaining a low temperature (5-10°C) and low supersaturation levels (β = 1.25) extended form II stability for up to 30 min. However, increasing the seed mass did not improve stability, as mechanical stress during seed recuperation generated form I impurities. The application of membrane crystallization by pervaporation for paracetamol polymorphism control revealed that form I crystallized during unseeded operations at different permeation rates and membrane surface to feed volume S/Vc ratios whereas form II stability was around 15 min in supersaturated solution and the SMPT was slowed to at least 49 min during seeded membrane crystallization operations at a supersaturation level of βs=1.1, an operational temperature of 5°C and a seeding temperature of 7.4°C. However, when compared to conventional seeded batch cooling crystallization, form II stability was not improved suggesting a preference form I heterogeneous nucleation which accelerated form II SMPT. The stabilization of form II has been proven to be mainly dependent on the operational and seeding temperatures rather than the permeation rate. On the other hand, membrane crystallization by pervaporation exhibited higher crystallization yields than conventional batch cooling crystallization. The increase of the membrane surface to feed volume (S/Vc) ratio and the permeation rate led to a slight improvement in the antisolvent concentration of almost 5%, which did not affect paracetamol polymorphism but increased the crystallization yield to 43% with no noticeable membrane ageing and irreversible fouling detection for 13 membrane usages
Wehbe, Najah. "Dénitratation de l'eau potable en réacteur catalytique membranaire et photocatalytique." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00379384.
Full textDauvergne, Julien. "Synthèse et étude physico-chimique de nouveaux tensioactifs utilisables pour la cristallisation 2D sur film lipidique et l’étude des protéines membranaires." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Avignon, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AVIG0233.
Full textThis thesis deals with the synthesis and the physico-chemical study of new surfactants used as tools for holding membrane proteins in aqueous media. A first part presents the existing methods that allow the manipulation of the membrane proteins and describes the current issues encountered which lead to its denaturation. In a second chapter, the synthesis of a hemifluorinated lipid with a specific ligand is presented in order to form a film of Langmuir. The stability and fluidity of the monolayer lipid is monitored and used in experiments of cristallisation 2D following the interfacial concept on the recombinant membrane protein SUR1 « his tag » keep soluble in water with hydrocarbonated detergents. The third part defines the term associated to facial amphiphile and presents a synthesis by « click chemistry » of glucosidic surfactants with an aromatic core persubstitued. The alternated and selective substitution on 1,3,5 and 2,4,6 positions of the aromatic ring by respectively hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails induces a facial segregation. The last chapter concerns the study of facial amphiphiles behavior and its physico-chemical properties in aqueous solution by using several methods : tensiometry, dynamic diffusion light scattering, HPLC
Panwar, Pankaj. "Relations structure-fonction des transporteurs nucléotides." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00684264.
Full textDauvergne, Julien. "Synthèse et étude physico-chimique de nouveaux tensioactifs utilisables pour la cristallisation 2D sur film lipidique et l'étude des protéines membranaires." Phd thesis, Université d'Avignon, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00496704.
Full textDauvergne, Julien. "Synthèse et étude physico-chimique de nouveaux tensioactifs utilisables pour la cristallisation 2D sur film lipidique et l’étude des protéines membranaires." Thesis, Avignon, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AVIG0233/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with the synthesis and the physico-chemical study of new surfactants used as tools for holding membrane proteins in aqueous media. A first part presents the existing methods that allow the manipulation of the membrane proteins and describes the current issues encountered which lead to its denaturation. In a second chapter, the synthesis of a hemifluorinated lipid with a specific ligand is presented in order to form a film of Langmuir. The stability and fluidity of the monolayer lipid is monitored and used in experiments of cristallisation 2D following the interfacial concept on the recombinant membrane protein SUR1 « his tag » keep soluble in water with hydrocarbonated detergents. The third part defines the term associated to facial amphiphile and presents a synthesis by « click chemistry » of glucosidic surfactants with an aromatic core persubstitued. The alternated and selective substitution on 1,3,5 and 2,4,6 positions of the aromatic ring by respectively hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails induces a facial segregation. The last chapter concerns the study of facial amphiphiles behavior and its physico-chemical properties in aqueous solution by using several methods : tensiometry, dynamic diffusion light scattering, HPLC
Crampon, Eric. "Etudes structurales et fonctionnelles des complexes pr-E des virus de la fièvre jaune vaccinale et sauvage." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA077091.
Full textEnveloped viruses enter cells by membrane fusion, a mechanism that allows the release in the cytoplasm of the infected cell of their genome. Yellow fever virus is the reference virus for Flavivirus, family of enveloped positive single strand RNA viruses. In spite of an efficient vaccine based on an attenuated strain (17D), this virus still causes 200,000 infections per year with 30,000 deaths, mainly in African and South American subtropical areas. Envelope protein E plays a role in two early phenomena of virus cycle, acting during virus entry for receptor recognition and binding, and during membrane fusion. This is the reason why this protein is the main target for the development of new antivirals. We were so interested in determining the crystal structure of this major pathogen antigen. Wild-type Asibi strain and vaccinal 17D-204 strain only differ one of the other by 32 mutations in the whole polyprotein, 12 of them within E protein. To better I understand molecular mechanisms of the vaccine attenuation, we crystallized both proteins from the wild-type and vaccinal strains. With our expression System, we were expecting to produce only the envelope E protein, as it was experienced for other Flaviviruses. But surprisingly, we co-purified and co-crystallized the immature complex of the virus, consisting in pr result of the cleavage of prM as pr + M by the furin) and E, for both Asibi and 17D-204 strains. After dissociation of the complex, we successfully determined affinity I constants, thermodynamical and functionnal characteristics of the complex. Overall, these results can lead to the development of new fusion inhibitors against Flavivirus
Habets, Jidenko Marie. "Etude de l'ATPase Ca2+ du réticulum sarco/endoplasmique : Mise au point d'une nouvelle méthode de purification de SERCA1a de lapin exprimée chez S. cerevisiae permettant sa cristallisation et applications au mutant E309Q-Etude d'une autre isoforme, SERCA3a." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011204.
Full textCette nouvelle méthode de purification a été appliquée avec succès au mutant SERCA1a-E309Q. De petits cristaux de ce mutant ont pu être isolés. Cette méthode a également permis de purifier SERCA3a, bien que le faible taux d'expression de la protéine de fusion chez S. cerevisiae limite la quantité purifiée. En parallèle, des essais d'immunolocalisation cellulaire de SERCA3a dans différentes lignées cellulaires et dans des coupes de peau ont été réalisés
Remeeva, Alina. "Développement des nouvelles approches pour nano volume cristallisation des protéines membranaires." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENY001.
Full textA new method for crystallization of membrane proteins (MPs) from interconnected amphiphilic bilayers (IAB) was recently developed. In this approach proteins crystallized directly from the membranes and it is postulated that crystallization is driving mostly by the properties of the lipidic mesophase as a whole but not by individual features of the detergents. The detergent plays a role of the modulator of these properties. Application of this crystallization method to the wide range of MPs is very promising since it dramatically facilitates crystallization. However, one needs to perform a number of screening experiments for each new MP to determine the optimal parameters of the lipidic mesophase for certain protein. To do so with limited amounts of MPs, especially human proteins, which are usually very difficult to produce in sufficient amount, the application of the high throughput robotic systems for nano volume crystallization could be the only solution. The major goal of this work is the transfer of the present approach for large scale crystallization of MPs from IAB to the nano volumes. To do so a large variety of crystallizations experiments were carried out for different MPs. The facts, which influence the crystallization results, as well as structural information obtained were carefully analyzed. It was demonstrated that large crystals of different MPs suitable for X-ray crystallography can be reproducibly obtained using this nano volume crystallization method. The first chapter “Introduction” includes a general description of MPs, different approaches for crystallization of MPs, their advantages and limitations. The overview of membrane proteins, which are studied in this work, the information available and unsolved problems are presented. The second chapter presents the materials and methods used in the study. The third chapter “Results and Discussions” describes the results obtained and their interpretation. To begin with, nano volume crystallization from IAB of bacteriorhodopsin and the comparison with large scale crystallization approach is presented. Detailed nano volume crystallizations in the presence of fluorinated surfactants and poloxamers were performed for the first time and described in details. The application of nano volume approach for the crystallization of the complex of sensory rhodopsin II from Natronomonas pharaonis with its cognate transducer and the proteins complex with important mutation in the transducer, which eliminates the action of the proteins, is presented. Nano volume crystallization results for another complex of two MPs – triple mutant of BR, which operates like a signal transductor, together with transducer from Natronomonas pharaonis are described. A light-driven chloride pump halorhopsin from Natronomonas pharaonis was also crystallized by new approach and crystallization results are presented. The structure of new MP – bifunctional enzyme cytidine-5′-triphosphate:inositol-1-phosphate cytidylyltransferase/ di-myo-inositol-1,3-phosphate-1-phosphate synthase from hyperthermophiles Archaeoglobus fulgidus was solved using the crystals obtained by nano volume crystallization from IAB. Structure details, significance and proposed mechanism of the enzymatic action are discussed. The final conclusions as well as the perspectives of the developed methods are given in the last chapter of the thesis
Monlezun, Laura. "Etudes structurales et fonctionnelles de la pompe d'efflux MexAB-OprM impliquée dans la résistance aux antibiotiques chez Pseudomonas aeruginosa." Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00801703.
Full textPenel, Simon. "Organisation du détergent dans les cristaux de protéines membranaires : analyse des cristaux des porines de Rhodobacter capsulatus et de Escherichia coli." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10132.
Full textLACH, FRANCK. "Developpement d'outils lipidiques partiellement perfluores pour la cristallisation bidimensionnelle de proteines. Application aux recepteurs de l'acide retinoique et a des proteines membranaires." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999STR13055.
Full textPicard, Martin. "Etudes structurales et fonctionnelles de l' ATPase-Ca2+ du réticulum sarcoplasmique (SERCA1A) : effets des conditions de cristallisation sur la conformation de l' ATPase-Ca2+." Paris 6, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011390.
Full textMatar, Merheb Rachel Rima. "Caractérisation d’une nouvelle génération de détergents stabilisateurs des transporteurs abc en solution : cristallisation de BmrA, transporteur ABC bactérien." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO10303.
Full textDue to their preponderance in the resistance to chemotherapies, the MDR ABC transporters have drawn the attention of the scientific community. Our project aimed at finding conditions in which ABC transporters are active in solution to lead the crystallization of these proteins in an active conformation. In this purpose, we conceived and developed a new class of detergents, based on calix[4]arene ring, that stabilize these proteins. In order to solve the 3D-structure to atomic resolution of bacterial ABC transporter “BmrA” responsible for antibiotic resistance, we used a classical approach with commercial detergents in addition to the innovative ones. We have crystallized the protein in presence of Foscholine 12 with a diffraction resolution up to 5 Å. The data was incomplete; solving partially the structure of the transmembrane domains. On the other hand, we have reached the objective of extraction, purification and stabilization of this transporter by using calix[4]arene-based detergents. We have also shown that these detergents promote and enhance the kinetics of crystallization of BmrA, a step that we are improving, to get crystals of better resolution, for resolving the BmrA 3D-structure which will be used to design adapted inhibitors
Picard, Martin. "ETUDES STRUCTURALES ET FONCTIONNELLES DE L'ATPASE-CA2+ DU RETICULUM SARCOPLASMIQUE (SERCA1A). EFFETS DES CONDITIONS DE CRISTALLISATION SUR LA CONFORMATION DE L'ATPASE-CA2+." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011390.
Full textBarret, Laurie-Anne. "Influence des tensioactifs dans la cristallisation du complexe photosynthétique RC-LH1-pufX de Rhodobacter blasticus." Phd thesis, Université d'Avignon, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01017895.
Full textKilburg, Arnaud. "Cristallisation du transporteur ABC BmrA de Bacillus subtilis : développement d’une nouvelle méthode de dosage des détergents par Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization (MALDI)." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10116/document.
Full textOur project aims to determine the 3D structure of BmrA from Bacillus subtilis. The protein was purified in six different detergents. Using foscholine 12, led to crystallize OmpF, an outer membrane porin of E. coli. We show that the crystallization conditions directly influence the crystal packing of OmpF. The BmrA purification protocol optimized by using Triton X100 at the extraction and a mixture β-D-dodecyl-maltoside cholate for chromatographic steps allowed us to get to 4°C crystals, for which we verified they consist of BmrA. These crystals have yielded full data to 7 Å. These diffraction data are a significant advance in the short term to resolve the 3D structure of BmrA. We have developed a new detergents dosage assay which is based on the determination by MALDI-type mass ratio of deuterated isotopes / protonated. The method was validated with the FC12, the DDM, the β-OG, the LMNG, CHAPS, cholate detergents and calix [4] aréniques by measuring the concentration of these detergents in different conditions of extraction/ purification, concentration, dialysis and gel filtration, of different membrane proteins. This method allowed us (i) to estimate the size of the detergent belt associated to BmrA and other membrane proteins (ii) to modulate this size in terms of the detergent mixture and (iii) to provide information on the behavior of complex protein-detergent
Meguellati, Amel. "Synthèse de biomolécules agissant comme inhibiteurs de l'ARN polymérase ARN dépendante du virus de l'hépatite C et développement de nouveaux surfactants comme stabilisants des protéines membranaires par réseaux de ponts salins." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GRENV001.
Full textThe PhD project focuses on biomolecules and is divided into two parts. The first part concerns the design and synthesis of natural product derivatives with therapeutic interest in order to develop new molecules with antiviral activity. Recently, aurones were identified as new inhibitors of hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS5B polymerase. Following these results, efforts were continuedand we undertook, on the one hand,the synthesis of original analogues in which the aurone B-ring was replaced by a heterocyclic rings and, on the other hand, the synthesis of aurone pseudodimers in order to refine the structural requirements to improve the inhibitory effect. The potent NS5B inhibitory activity combined with their low toxicity make aurones attractive drug candidates against HCV infection. The second part of the PhD thesis is unrelated to the first part and concerns more fundamental aspects. It focused on the synthesis of new surfactants acting as stabilizing agents during extraction of membrane proteins (PM). Surfactants are required for maintaining PM in their functional state after extraction from membrane lipid matrix. The vast majority of PM shares a net enrichment in basic residues at the interface between membrane and cytoplasm, a property known as the positive inside rule. Based on this feature, a new family of surfactants is developed and tested on membrane proteins belonging to the multidrug ABC efflux pumps family
Polovinkin, Vitaly. "Utilisation des amphipols pour les études de spectroscopie Raman exaltée de surface et de cristallographie aux rayons X appliquées aux protéines membranaires." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENY069.
Full textAmphipols (APols) have become important tools for the stabilization, folding, and in vitro structural and functional studies of membrane proteins (MPs). MPs are the main functional units of biomembranes and represent roughly one-third of the proteins encoded in the genome. The first part of my work was dedicated to crystallization of a MP trapped by APol. Direct crystallization of MPs solubilized in APols would be of high importance for structural biology. However, despite considerable efforts, it is still not clear whether MP/APol complexes can be used to form well-ordered crystals suitable for X-ray crystallography. The first major goal of this PhD thesis work was to show that APol-trapped MP can be crystallized in meso. To perform it we utilized special, flexibly adjustable for a certain MP, interconnected amphiphilic bilayers (IAB) approach which has been recently developed in our laboratory. We used bacteriorhodopsin (BR) trapped with APol A8-35 as a model system for our crystallization studies. The first obtained crystals diffracted to 3 Å, while a new developed type of high throughput nanovolume crystallization, exploiting dry precipitants, shifted the observed X ray diffraction peaks beyond 2 Å. The structure of BR was solved to 2 Å and found to be indistinguishable from previous structures obtained with a detergent-solubilized protein. We suggest that the proposed protocol of in meso crystallization is generally applicable to APol-trapped MPs.The second, to a certain extent, complementary part of the present work was related to application of APols to the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) studies of MPs. SERS spectroscopy has been developed dramatically since its discovery in the 1970s. It is a powerful analytical tool for selective sensing of molecules adsorbed onto noble metal nanoparticles (NPs) and nanostructures, including at the single molecule (SM) level. Unfortunately, MPs studies are far away from the main stream of SERS applications due to the great handling difficulties resulting from the amphiphilic nature of MPs. The ability of APols to trap MPs and keep them soluble, stable and functional opens the way for highly interesting applications of SERS studies, possibly at the SM level. Thus, the second goal of this PhD thesis work was to prove our concept of feasibility of SERS with MPs trapped by APols. Using the same as in the crystallization studies model BR/A8-35 complexes and silver NP aggregates, the task was fulfilled to a degree enough to start with the SERS studies of MPs.The first chapter of the PhD thesis begins with general information about the importance of MP studies and the problems with their handling. Further in this chapter, a brief overview of APols, their properties and applications is presented. The largest part of the “Introduction” is dedicated to main points of different MP crystallization approaches and Raman spectroscopy, in particular SERS spectroscopy, and their applications to proteins. The end of the “Introduction” part presents the conclusions about APol application for X-ray crystallography and SERS spectroscopy studies of MPs, setting the main goals for the present work. The “Materials and methods” chapter consists of detailed description of the materials and protocols used in this study. The results of crystallization and SERS studies and their interpretations are presented as two different parts in the last “Results and discussions” chapter. The “Conclusions and perspectives” sections accompany each of these parts