Academic literature on the topic 'Cristaux liquides nématiques'
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Journal articles on the topic "Cristaux liquides nématiques"
Pieranski, Pawel. "Cristaux liquides : l’univers métastable des monopôles nématiques." Reflets de la physique, no. 53 (May 2017): 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/refdp/201753006.
Full textChauré, A. "Théorie hydrodynamique des cristaux liquides nématiques biaxes." International Journal of Engineering Science 23, no. 8 (January 1985): 797–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-7225(85)90098-9.
Full textBelaïdi, Dahbia, Saïd Sebih, Moulay-Hassane Guermouche, Jean-Pierre Bayle, and Soulimane Boudah. "Étude par chromatographie en phase gazeuse de nouveaux composés cristaux liquides nématiques à chaîne latérale." Comptes Rendus Chimie 5, no. 8-9 (August 2002): 591–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1631-0748(02)01423-6.
Full textBayle, J. P., A. Khandar-shahabad, and J. Courtieu. "Etude R.M.N. des effets inertiels dans un mélange de cristaux liquides nématiques d'anisotropie de susceptibilite magnétique opposée." Liquid Crystals 1, no. 2 (March 1986): 189–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02678298608086505.
Full textBarbarin, F., J. P. Chausse, and J. P. Germain. "Modélisation du comportement conformationnel moléculaire dans un mélange de deux cristaux liquides thermotropes en phases nématique et smectique B." Journal de Physique 51, no. 14 (1990): 1553–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jphys:0199000510140155300.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Cristaux liquides nématiques"
Di, Pietro Vittorio Maria. "Cristaux liquides nématiques épais pour l'optique ultra-rapide." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AZUR4101.
Full textThe work presented in this thesis comes from the SOFTLITE project, a collaboration between the company FASTLITE (sas) and the Optical Group of Liquid Crystals (OCL) of the Institute of Physics of Nice (INPHYNI). The main objective of this collaboration is to develop new liquid crystal devices, based on thick layer birefringent nematic cells, to complement/replace current devices for handling, shaping and measuring ultra-fast laser pulses. In the context of this highly experimental thesis, we present an advanced characterization of the electro-optical properties of thick nematic cells (de 25μm à 250μm). We also demonstrate the ability to control these cells thermo-optically, resulting in a new spatial light modulator (LC-SLM). This innovative device goes beyond the state-of-the-art LC-SLM traditional and can phase modulate laser pulses multi-octave. Firstly, the characterization of the optical properties of an unknown liquid crystal mixture is proposed, based on broadband spectral interferometry, to measure the chromatic dispersion of liquid crystals. The technique makes it possible to determine the coefficients which govern the variation of the indices and group indices as a function of the wavelength and the temperature. In order to develop a collinear delay line adapted to ultra-fast pulses, a study of the different electro-optical switching strategies of liquid crystals is proposed. In particular, a switching strategy ON (excitation by a voltage step) is studied despite the presence of a voltage threshold (Frèedericksz transition). An unexpected dependence of this threshold with the thickness of the cells is discovered and two distinct regimes are determined. Thick cells (> 75μm) can switch with a starting voltage lower than this threshold, with a remarkable gain in birefringence excursion. In order to develop applications in the near and medium infra-red, cells optimized for this wavelength range have been manufactured. Once tested, these cells show low laser absorption by the electrode (ITO), which contributes to local heating of the liquid crystals. Their thermotropic nature induces a change in the refractive indices. The induced phase shift generates a spatial structure composed by rings (spatial phase modulation). The phase shift and, consequently, the birefringence excursion are analyzed. From these, the internal temperature of the cell is also estimated up to the nematic-isotropic phase transition. This study on thermotropicity induced optically allowed to develop an original approach of thermo-optical addressing of cells. This innovative strategy results in the design of a reflective component, in which the absorption of light from a writing beam heats the liquid crystals, while a second (reading beam) is modulated in phase by passing through the liquid crystal layer. Thus, a new optical device is developed and patented: THOR-SLM (thermo-optically reflective spatial light modulator). Three first prototypes are manufactured to find the most efficient configuration. The spatial, spectral and temporal phase shifts of these prototypes are measured by interferometry. The remarkable optical properties of the device are finally exploited: a wide spectral acceptance with a large and continuous phase shift without pixelization. To demonstrate this, THOR-SLM is inserted in a zero-dispersion line to shape a laser pulse with a spectrum spanof several octaves. Unprecedented arbitrary shaping is demonstrated over a spectral bandwidth from visible to IR, introducing positive/negative phase-to-third-order values. These results pave the way for temporal shaping capabilities of femtosecond pulses lasting a few optical cycles
Gautam, Bhavesh. "Effets collectifs des micronageurs dans les cristaux liquides nématiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0062.
Full textThe thesis focuses on the collective effects of microswimmers in nematic liquid crystals. Using lattice Boltzmann simulations, we study a system consisting of spherical swimmers within a nematic liquid crystal. Our findings reveal that coupling between the swimmer flow fields and the liquid crystalline elasticity can destabilize the uniform nematic alignment. In quasi-2D space, we observe the emergence of bend-dominated instability with pushers, which is in agreement with experiments of bacteria in thin nematic films.After opening the 3rd dimension, a spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking is observed; the uniform nematic state becomes unstable and transitions into a cholesteric-like (chiral) state, characterized by a continuous twist in the director field. This is observed for both pusher (extensile) and puller (contractile) swimmers. By analyzing the deformations in the nematic director field, the dominant instability is found to be twist-bend. Our simulations demonstrate that the particle dynamics and nematic director are connected. In the chiral state, both pusher and puller swimmers exhibit helical trajectories.Further, strategies for controlling microswimmer dynamics are also studied. Motivated by bacterial experiments, we consider swimmers of both pusher and puller types within nematic patterns. In agreement with experiments, our findings show that a pusher exhibit circular trajectory in a pure bend and linear trajectory in a pure splay. For a puller swimmer, opposite behavior is observed. Finally, we explore cargo transport of colloidal particles entangled by topological defects. Our simulations suggest that replacing a passive colloid with a spherical swimmer does not affect the shared topological defect and provides motility. The active particle is observed to bind to the cargo via a topological defect. With a pusher swimmer, we observe guided transport along the nematic director, while with a puller, transport is observed to be perpendicular to the nematic director
Barboza, Raouf. "Solitons spatiaux et vortex optiques dans les cristaux liquides nématiques." Phd thesis, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00949652.
Full textBrazeau, Julien. "Cristaux liquides nématiques dispersés dans les polymères : induction de l'orientation." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0017/MQ56872.pdf.
Full textLouvergneau-Hector, Delphine. "Étude par réflectivité de l'orientation de films nématiques hybrides." Lille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LIL10013.
Full textAouini, Abir. "Cristaux liquides nématiques de type Twist-Bend - mécanismes de commutation et applications." Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IMTA0226.
Full textLiquid crystals are found in important technological applications that are now maturing. The discovery in 2011 of a new nematic phase, the Twist Bend nematic (NTB) phase, could lead to a renewal in the field of liquid crystals applications requiring fast response times. However, the NTB phase is usually found at high temperatures and its alignment is exceedingly difficult to achieve, even in thin cells. The work of this thesis focuses on solving these two problems.The bad alignment of NTB phase in planar cells gives rise to unusual textures such as periodic stripes. In order to understand the origin of those textures, we changed the nature of the alignment layers as well as their parameters (anchoring forces, pretilt…). Our results show that surface mechanisms affect the textural instability of NTB phases in thin planar cells. The instability can even be removed for special anchoring conditions so that NTB phase aligns at large scale.The second challenge was to lower the NTB temperature range (usually close to 100°C) down to room temperature. We studied binary mixtures of CB7CB, a well-known NTB compound, with various cyanobiphenyl smectogens. This allowed us to lower significantly the range of the NTB phase in the 8CB/CB7CB phase diagram, even to the ambient temperature. Optical, thermal, dielectric and elastic properties of such mixtures have been characterized. We also studied their anchoring properties with various substrates and evidenced anchoring transitions on silanized glass that occurs changing the 8CB concentration. In particular, we succeeded in obtaining a quite rare homeotropic anchoring for the NTB phase
Minasyan, Amalya, and Amalya Minasyan. "Study of Molecular interactions and surface alignment control of liquid crystals." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26456.
Full textLe contrôle de l’alignement des molécules de cristaux liquides (CL) est d’une importance majeure pour la plupart des applications électro-optique comme les afficheurs, les modulateurs et les atténuateurs variables. Ce contrôle est réalisé plus spécifiquement par les interactions entre les molécules de CL et la surface adjacente. L’alignement par la surface est ainsi un des facteurs clés pour l’amélioration des performances des systèmes basés sur les CL. Cette thèse rapporte une étude expérimentale sur le contrôle de l’alignement des molécules de CL par la surface, et explore des avenues pratiques. Dans un premier temps, des CL nématiques à double fréquence (DF-NLC) et des films minces de mésogènes réactifs (MR) déposés sur la surface intérieure d’une cellule, ont été utilisés pour produire des structures polymères stabilisées en surface. Pour former ces structures, une interpénétration partielle entre les molécules de CL et de MR a été réalisée pendant l’application d’un couple diélectrique (positif ou négatif) sur le système de matériau. Après une courte période d’interpénétration entre la couche de MR et les CL, une exposition UV a été appliquée pour polymériser totalement le système de matériau. Ces systèmes ont démontré un fort potentiel pour le contrôle de l’alignement des CL par la surface. Ils permettent la « programmation » de cellule de CL présentant une diffusion de la lumière électriquement contrôlable, pouvant être utilisé dans des applications telles que des fenêtres intimités et l’éclairage intelligent. Des analyses électro-optiques et microscopiques ont été faites pour caractériser ces structures. Nous avons montré que les modulations de contraste de la lumière diffusée, ainsi que la dépendance de la polarisation et les temps de réponses peuvent être améliorées de façon notable par le contrôle à double fréquence. Dans un deuxième temps, des CL chiraux double fréquence (DF-CLC) ont été utilisé pour produire des structures stabilisées en surface, qui, en addition d’une diffusion contrôlable, ont montré des phénomènes de réflexion résonante. Des couches de MR orientées et partiellement polymérisées furent utilisées comme couche d’alignement pour les DF-CLC. Le rôle du temps de pré-polymérisation des MR sur les propriétés des cellules ont été étudiées par des analyses électro-optiques et spectroscopiques. Nos études morphologiques ont démontré que l’interdiffusion des molécules entre la couche de MR et le volume des CL durant le procédé de programmation génère des agrégats polymères sur les surfaces internes de la cellule, qui sont à l’origine de la diffusion contrôlable de la lumière.
The alignment control of liquid crystal (LC) molecules is of great importance for the most of LC based electro-optical applications such as displays, modulators, and variable attenuators. This control realises, particularly, by the interactions between LC molecules and the adjacent surface. This makes the surface alignment one of the key factors for the improvement of LC-based devices’ performance. This PhD thesis reports an experimental study of alignment control of LC molecules by surfaces, and explores the possibility of practical avenues. First, dual frequency nematic LCs (DF-NLC) and thin reactive mesogen (RM) films, cast on internal surfaces of cell substrate, were used to build surface polymer stabilized structures. To form these surface-stabilized structures, a partial interpenetration between the LC and RM molecules was allowed while applying an orienting dielectric torque (positive or negative) to the material system. Then, after a short interpenetration period between the RM layer and the bulk LC, UV exposition was added to definitely cure the material system. These systems demonstrated great potential for the surface alignment control of LCs, enabling the ‘‘programming’’ of LC cells with electrically controllable light scattering, which can be used in privacy windows and smart lighting applications. Electro-optic and microscopic studies were done to characterize these surface-stabilized structures. We showed that the contrasts of light scatter modulation, polarization dependence and response times can be noticeably improved by the dual-frequency control. Afterward, dual frequency chiral LCs (DF-CLC) were used to build surface-stabilized structures, which in addition to the controllable scattering, showed also resonant reflection phenomenon. Partially cured and oriented RM layers were used as alignment layers for DF-CLC. The role of the pre-curing duration of RM in the behavior of the cell was observed by electro-optical and spectroscopic studies. Our morphological studies showed that the molecular interdiffusion between RM layer and bulk LC during the programming process generates polymer aggregates on the cell’s internal surfaces, which are at the origin of formation of controllable light scattering.
The alignment control of liquid crystal (LC) molecules is of great importance for the most of LC based electro-optical applications such as displays, modulators, and variable attenuators. This control realises, particularly, by the interactions between LC molecules and the adjacent surface. This makes the surface alignment one of the key factors for the improvement of LC-based devices’ performance. This PhD thesis reports an experimental study of alignment control of LC molecules by surfaces, and explores the possibility of practical avenues. First, dual frequency nematic LCs (DF-NLC) and thin reactive mesogen (RM) films, cast on internal surfaces of cell substrate, were used to build surface polymer stabilized structures. To form these surface-stabilized structures, a partial interpenetration between the LC and RM molecules was allowed while applying an orienting dielectric torque (positive or negative) to the material system. Then, after a short interpenetration period between the RM layer and the bulk LC, UV exposition was added to definitely cure the material system. These systems demonstrated great potential for the surface alignment control of LCs, enabling the ‘‘programming’’ of LC cells with electrically controllable light scattering, which can be used in privacy windows and smart lighting applications. Electro-optic and microscopic studies were done to characterize these surface-stabilized structures. We showed that the contrasts of light scatter modulation, polarization dependence and response times can be noticeably improved by the dual-frequency control. Afterward, dual frequency chiral LCs (DF-CLC) were used to build surface-stabilized structures, which in addition to the controllable scattering, showed also resonant reflection phenomenon. Partially cured and oriented RM layers were used as alignment layers for DF-CLC. The role of the pre-curing duration of RM in the behavior of the cell was observed by electro-optical and spectroscopic studies. Our morphological studies showed that the molecular interdiffusion between RM layer and bulk LC during the programming process generates polymer aggregates on the cell’s internal surfaces, which are at the origin of formation of controllable light scattering.
Polossat, Eric. "Biréfringence de cristaux liquides nématiques et smectiques C* chiraux dans l'infrarouge : Réalisation de modulateurs IR." Montpellier 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON20097.
Full textTan, Antoine. "Etude et réalisation de commutateurs optiques à base de déflecteurs à cristaux liquides nématiques." Brest, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BRES2034.
Full textThe fast development of optical networks requires high capacity optical switches (a few tens to a few hundreds of ports, even more) in optical cross-connect (OXC) nodes. From this point of view, we are interested in free space systems based on holographic deflectors with nematic crystals liquid. First, we present the evolutions of the optical networks, as well as the various technologies used for optical switches. Then, we describe the principle of the holographic deflection with nematic cells, in particular with "PI" or parralel-aligned cells, which allow theoretical diffraction efficiencies of 100%. Using theoretical and experimental results, we define the criteria to optimize the various parameters of the liquid crystal cells as well as its electrical addressing, and to lead to the realization of efficient deflectors. We then describe two 8x8 switches, the first one using transmissive 1D deflectors and the second one, 1D reflective deflectors based on LCOS (Liquid Cystal On Silicon) cells, the last one being part of the RNRT project CRISTO. Finally, the results obtained with these two switches allow enviasging the realization of larger capacity switches using 2D deflectors based on LCOS cells. We discuss in particular their dimensioning. The realization of specific VLSI circuit for 2D deflectors being expensive, a promising step would be to adapt the microdisplays intended initially for projection application
Poy, Guilhem. "Sur la pertinence du modèle thermomécanique dans la rotation Lehmann des gouttes cholestériques et nématiques." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEN081/document.
Full textThis thesis is focused on the Lehmann effect, an out-of-equilibrium effect which couples a temperature gradient with the rotation of the internal texture of liquid crystal droplets in coexistence with the isotropic phase. First, we characterized the thermomechanical couplings of Leslie, Akopyan and Zel'dovich by measuring the rotation velocity of the molecules in two translationally invariant configurations withdifferent orientations, below the cholesteric/isotropic transition.Then, we characterized the texture of the droplets observed in the Lehmann experiment, both usingoptical observations and numerical simulations. More important, we showed for the first time that it is possible to observe the Lehmann effect in achiral nematic droplets, providing that the internal texture ischiral. We also used a photobleaching experiment to show that there is no visible flow in the vicinity ofthe droplet, which implies that the texture rotation is due to a local rotation of the molecules -- not to asolid rotation of the droplet. Finally, we proposed a theoretical model of the Lehmann effect based on the thermomechanical coupling of Leslie, Akopyan and Zel’dovich. By applying this model to the numerically computed textures, we fitted the measured rotation velocities and found values for the thermomechanical coupling constants much bigger than those measured below the cholesteric/isotropic transition. This shows that this model is incorrect and that the Leslie paradigm must be abandoned
Book chapters on the topic "Cristaux liquides nématiques"
SRINIVASARAO, Mohan. "L’émergence spontanée de la chiralité." In Cristaux liquides, 349–86. ISTE Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51926/iste.9040.ch5.
Full textOSWALD, Patrick, Alain DEQUIDT, and Guilhem POY. "Les effets thermomécaniques dans les cristaux liquides." In Cristaux liquides, 141–221. ISTE Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51926/iste.9040.ch3.
Full textPIERANSKI, Pawel, and Maria Helena GODINHO. "La physique de la texture furcelle." In Cristaux liquides, 223–348. ISTE Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51926/iste.9040.ch4.
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