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Vieira, Karine Moura. "O desafio de narrar uma vida : a crítica genética no estudo da biografia como gênero jornalístico." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/30217.
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Esta dissertação analisa a biografia como gênero jornalístico através da aplicação dos procedimentos da Crítica Genética ao processo de produção da obra Padre Cícero – poder, fé e guerra no sertão, do jornalista Lira Neto. Procura-se identificar e compreender as características e especificidades que podem vir a definir a biografia como um gênero jornalístico - critérios de noticiabilidade, valores-notícia, tratamento e relação com as fontes e as estratégias comunicativas utilizadas para produzir a narrativa. Para tanto, realiza-se um estudo de gênese dos documentos, cadernetas e manuscritos que constituem os vestígios de produção da obra. Compreende-se que a biografia origina-se e desenvolve-se na fronteira entre a história e a literatura e constitui-se no jornalismo em aproximação com a reportagem, como uma narrativa de reconstituição que se constrói no devir da história de vida do biografado, estabelecendo uma nova identidade narrativa do personagem.This thesis analyzes the biography as a genre of journalism by applying the procedures of Genetic Criticism of the production process of the work Padre Cícero – poder, fé e guerra no sertão, of the journalist Lira Neto. It seeks to identify and understand the characteristics and needs that may define the biography as a journalistic genre - criteria of newsworthiness, news values, treatment and relationship with sources and communication strategies used to produce the narrative. The study presents a study of the genesis of docume nts, books and manuscripts which are the remains of the production work. It is understood that the biography originates and develops at the border between history and literature and in journalism is approaching with the story as a narrative reconstruction that builds upon the transformation of the life history of the biography, by establishing a new narrative identity of the character.
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Aston, Elizabeth Jane. "Critical mutation rates in small populations." Thesis, Keele University, 2014. http://eprints.keele.ac.uk/1321/.
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Mutation introduces change at the sequence level. There is a critical mutation rate above which changes occur too frequently for natural selection to maintain the population's genetic makeup. This thesis examines the relationship between this critical mutation rate and the number of individuals in the adapting population. It presents an algorithmic method capable of providing widely applicable results in haploid and diploid populations, and varies this method against analytical models for the error threshold. Use of the method led to the discovery of an exponential relationship between the critical mutation rate and population size, particularly strong in small populations with 100 individuals or less, contradicting the existing idea that critical mutation rate and population size are independent. The critical mutation rate (and error threshold) were found to be lower in diploids due to differences in recombination. Analysis of the survival-of-the-fittest to survival-of-the-flattest transition enabled improvement of existing definitions of the critical mutation rate. Development of a faster algorithm capable of running experiments with parameter values within the range found in nature began the process of bridging the gap between artificial and biological evolution. A link was established between the exponential model and natural mutation rates. Increasing the gene length by a factor of 10 was found to decrease both the critical mutation rate and error threshold by an order of magnitude. Natural mutation rates lie below these values, although further work is required to establish any trend. A potential link has been established between the critical mutation rate, error threshold, and optimal mutation rate control theory. Future work may develop the algorithmic method to include more complex features of biological populations, and go on to determine the effect the exponential model can have on population extinction, recovery, and conservation.
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Johansson, Christian, and Gustav Evertsson. "Optimizing Genetic Algorithms for Time Critical Problems." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för programvaruteknik och datavetenskap, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-4993.
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Genetic algorithms have a lot of properties that makes it a good choice when one needs to solve very complicated problems. The performance of genetic algorithms is affected by the parameters that are used. Optimization of the parameters for the genetic algorithm is one of the most popular research fields of genetic algorithms. One of the reasons for this is because of the complicated relation between the parameters and factors such as the complexity of the problem. This thesis describes what happens when time constraints are added to this problem. One of the most important parameters is population size and we have found by testing a well known set of optimization benchmark problems that the optimal population size is not the same when time constraints were involved.Genetiska algoritmer har många egenskaper som gör dem till ett bra val när man ska lösa väldigt komplicerade problem. Prestandan för genetiska algoritmer påverkas av de parametrar som används. Optimering av parametrarna för genetiska algoritmer är ett av de mest populära forskningsområdena för genetiska algoritmer. En av anledningarna till detta är den komplexa relationen mellan parametrarna och faktorer så som komplexiteten av problemet. Detta arbete beskriver vad som händer när tidsfaktorn läggs till detta problem. En av de viktigaste parametrarna är populationsstorlek och vi har sett genom att testa en grupp med väl testade optimiseringsproblem att optimal populationsstorlek inte är samma när tidsfaktorn är inblandat.
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Difford, Gareth Frank. "Critical assessment of the “internal reference” method to eliminate non-genetic effects within a Combined Family Selection program on the abalone species (Haliotis midae)." Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85658.
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Thesis (MScAgric)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to critically assess the implementation of the internal reference method within the most recent 173 full-sibling growth trial of the Innovation Fund Abalone Breeding Project. The trial was conducted over two locations for a period of five years, with minimal replication for the majority of test families and a single full-sibling family was entered into each experimental unit (basket) as an internal reference group. The primary focus was firstly, to validate the performance of the internal reference group as a control for comparisons and correction of environmental variation in test family performances. Secondly, to identify areas of weakness and either make recommendations to remedy areas of weakness or justify devoting resources to alternative methods of reducing extraneous environmental variance with limitations on replication. The efficiency and statistical power associated with utilising internal reference information as a covariate and for manual correction respectively were examined for the 6 full-sibling test families that were replicated. This study reports on the evaluation of factors which are potential sources of bias in the internal reference method, the first of which, tag loss, was found to be significant after 6- 12 months. However, it was not found to bias internal reference group performances as the factors which contribute to tag loss were found to act randomly. Variability in size ratio of internal reference to test family at co-stocking proved a significant source of bias, as reference groups smaller than their test family counterparts had reduced performances. Testing for genotype by environment interactions was precluded due to the inherent lack of replication and the subsequent confounding of genotype effects with inter-rearing structure effects at one of the locations. However, significant differences were detected for both traits of interest of the internal reference group over the two locations. Significant antagonistic interactions were detected and identified as a source of bias for average daily weight gain of replicate test families. The evaluation of average daily length gain for the efficiency of adjustment when the internal reference is a covariate and the change in statistical power when the internal reference is used for a manual correction, yielded conflicting results. The latter shows a decrease in statistical power and the former shows an increase in efficiency, both resulting in poor goodness of fit in the respective models. There was however evidence that when no antagonistic interactions occurred “between replicate variance” decreased and therefore the internal reference method has statistical merit provided all critical success factors are satisfied. Recommendations were made for future implementation of the internal reference method to facilitate adequate statistical testing for sources of bias and the prevention thereof. Additionally, an alternative method which may have merit in decreasing environmental variance and the need for replication, is discussed.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van die studie was om die gebruik van ʼn interne verwysingsgroep te ontleed, soos toegepas tydens die evaluering van 173 volsib families as deel van die Innovasiefonds Perlemoen Teelprogram. Die evaluering is gedoen op twee lokaliteite oor 'n tydperk van vyf jaar, met minimale replikasie van die toets families en die gebruik van ‘n enkele volsib familie as 'n interne verwysingsgroep in elke eksperimentele eenheid (mandjie). Die primêre fokus was eerstens om die gebruik van die interne verwysingsgroep vir die korreksie van omgewingsvariasie in die toets familie optredes te evalueer. Tweedens, om spesifieke gebreke te identifiseer ten opsigte van die gebruik van die interne verwysingsgroep en aanbevelings maak dit reg te stel en om die meriete van alternatiewe metodes te oorweeg. Die doeltreffendheid en statistiese onderskeidingsvermoë van die gebruik van interne verwysingsgroep as 'n kovariaat is ondersoek met betrekking tot die 6 volsib groepe wat oor voldoende replikasies beskik het. Die studie doen voorts verslag oor die evaluering van potensiële oorsake van sydigheid ten opsigte van die gebruik van die interne verwysingsgroep, insluitend die beduidende verlies van identifikasie vanaf 6 tot 12 maande. Geen aanduiding van sydigheid is egter gevind en die aanleidende oorsake van verlies van identifikasie blyk van ʼn ewekansige aard te wees. Verskille in die grootte tussen die interne verwysingsgroep en toets-families met aanvang van evaluering blyk 'n belangrike bron van sydigheid te wees, waar die kleiner groepering aan verminderde prestasie gekoppel word. Bepaling van genotipe-omgewing-interaksies kon nie uitgevoer word nie as gevolg van die inherente gebrek van replisering oor lokaliteite. Beduidende verskille is egter waargeneem tussen interne verwysingsgroepe oor die twee lokasies ten opsigte van die beide groei eienskappe. Beduidende antagonistiese interaksies is waargeneem en geïdentifiseer as 'n bron van sydigheid ten opsigte van die gemiddelde daaglikse gewigstoename van replikaat toetsfamilies. Die evaluering van gemiddelde daaglikse lengtetoename met die interne verwysingsgroep as is 'n kovariaat en die verandering in statistiese ontledingsvermoë tydens die gebruik van die interne verwysingsgroep het teenstrydige resultate opgelewer. Laasgenoemde toon 'n afname in statistiese ontledingsvermoë en die eersgenoemde toon 'n toename in doeltreffendheid, met beide swak passing op die onderskeie modelle. In die afwesigheid van antagonistiese interaksies tussen replikasies het variansie afgeneem en beskik die interne verwysingsgroep oor die nodige statistiese meriete indien daar aan al die kritiese vereistes voldoen word. Aanbevelings is gemaak ten opsigte van die toekomstige implementering van die interne verwysingsmetode met verwysing na voldoende statistiese toetsing vir bronne van sydigheid en die voorkoming daarvan. 'n Verdere metode wat oor die nodige meriete beskik om die omgewingsvariasie en die noodsaaklikheid vir replikasie te verminder, word bespreek.
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French, Graham Christopher. "Conservation genetics of the critical plant genus Euphrasia L. in Britain." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/13856.
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Recent national and international conservation legislation has led to an increased focus on ‘prioritised species lists’ for the allocation of conservation resources. However, prioritised species lists become problematic when there are difficulties in species delimitation. One particularly complex group accounting for the majority of these problems is Euphrasia. The goal of this thesis is to use molecular markers to evaluate taxon limits and evolutionary processes in British Euphrasia to clarify the most appropriate approach for conservation. The results show that the major reproductive barrier in the group corresponds to ploidy level, with AFLP and chloroplast data both significantly differentiated between diploid and tetraploid species, although occasional gene flow via inter-ploidal hybridisation appears to contribute towards diversification of the diploid group. The genetic data support the current species level taxonomy for the diploid but not the tetraploid species, where a considerable overlap between taxa was detected. The chloroplast data detected four discrete lineages, the distribution of these among species suggest at least three allopolyploid events in the formation of the tetraploid taxa, within which distinct ecological groups occur. Variation in the breeding system was detected at the intra- and inter-specific levels and estimates of the inbreeding coefficient showed a strong correlation with flower size and support the importance of multiple shifts in breeding system as contributing towards the overall diversification within the group. Given the lack of clear species limits in the tetraploid group and the dynamic nature of Euphrasia evolution, a change from a species- to process-based conservation approach is recommended. This charge include recognising the importance of progenitor taxa, and ecological and morphological diversity, and a decrease in the importance presently given to individual named endemic taxa.
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Duty, Timothy Lee. "Broken symmetry and critical phenomena in population genetics : the stepping-stone model." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0018/NQ56536.pdf.
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Richardson, Rose. "The critical role of p63 during palatal shelf fusion." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.634942.
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Cleft palate affects approximately 1 in 2000 live births resulting in considerable morbidity to affected individuals and their families. Evidence that the p63 gene is mutated in at least seven human developmental syndromes which are each characterised by varying extents of orofacial clefting, coupled to the severe facial dysmorphism displayed by the p63 mutant mouse, highlight the need to elucidate the role of the p63 during normal and aberrant palatogenesis. In mice, secondary palate development closely mirrors that occurring in humans; consequently, the mouse is a pre-eminent model organism for studying palatogenesis. In mice, the palatal shelves initiate from the maxillary processes and grow vertically, lateral to the tongue. The shelves re-orientate and make contact above the tongue. The medial edge epithelia (MEE) of the apposed palatal shelves adhere to form a midline epithelial seam (MES). Subsequent degeneration of the MES allows mesenchymal confluence across the palate, at which point palatogenesis is considered complete. The mechanisms underlying degeneration of the MES remain contentious; however, in vivo studies suggest that cessation of proliferation, induction of apoptosis and periderm migration are essential to ensure removal of the midline seam. The data presented in this thesis uncover a key role for p63 in controlling these aspects of cell behaviour during palatal shelf fusion. Tgfb3-/- mice exhibit cleft palate with maintained expression of p63 in the MEE. This thesis reveals that epistatically lowering the dosage of p63 in Tgfb3-/- mice rescues this fusion defect, facilitating periderm cell migration out of the MEE and subsequent MES degradation. Recent research suggests that p63 orchestrates a cell adhesion network in the palate. In this context, this thesis suggests the importance of p63 down-regulation in the MES in compromising adhesion at the basal-periderm border, thereby allowing periderm cell migration out from the midline and subsequent MES degradation. To test the hypothesis that down-regulation of p63 is essential for palatal fusion, tetracycline-inducible transgenic animals in which ΔNp63α is targeted to the MEE of the developing palate have been engineered. ΔNp63α bi-transgenic mice presented with cleft palate in which the MES failed to degenerate. An observed lack of apoptotic activity in the MEE of ΔNp63α bi-transgenic mice suggested a role for p63-mediated apoptosis during MES degradation. Gene ontology analysis of a complete range of ΔNp63α transcriptional targets which have been identified in the secondary palate by ChIP-seq, lent support to this hypothesis. The data indicate that p63 down-regulation in the MES is essential to ensure complete removal of the MES and implicate p63 as a key regulator of apoptosis during this process; thereby building on work which suggests that cell death is the major fate of the MEE. In addition to dissecting a pathway of fundamental importance in secondary palate development, this research provides insights into ectodermal development more generally and has wider significance for the study of many congenital malformations.
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Eggers, Ben. "Identifying phenotypic traits critical for breeding winter malting barley adapted to Ohio and the genomic regions affecting those traits." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1607035449218475.
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Appanah, Rowin. "Replisome-mediated homeostasis of DNA/RNA hybrids in eukaryotic genomes is critical for cell fates and chromatin stability." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2017. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/100501/.
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During DNA replication, forks often stall upon encountering obstacles blocking their progression. Cells will act to speedily remove or overcome such barriers, thus allowing complete synthesis of chromosomes. This is the case for R-loops, DNA/RNA hybrids that arise during transcription. One mechanism to remove such R-loops involve DNA/RNA helicases. Here, I have shown that one such helicase, Sen1, associates with replisome components during S phase in the model organism S. cerevisiae. I demonstrate that the N-terminal domain of Sen1 is both sufficient and necessary for the interaction of the protein with the replisome. I also identified Ctf4 as one of at least two replisome interactors of Sen1. By mutational analysis, a mutant of Sen1 (Sen1-3) that cannot interact with the replisome was created. This mutant is healthy on its own but is lethal in the absence of both RNase H1 and H2. Overexpression of the sen1-3 allele from the constitutive ACT1 promoter is able to suppress this synthetic lethality, suggesting that Sen1 travels with replisomes in order to be quickly recruited at sites of R-loops that impair fork progression so as to remove those R-loops. In some cases, cells exploit fork stalling for biologically important processes. This is the case in Sz. pombe, where an imprint prevents complete DNA replication, triggering cell-type switching. This imprint is dependent on Pol1, a component of the replisome. Importantly, a single imprinting-defective allele of pol1 has been identified to date. Using in vitro assays, I have shown that this Pol1 mutant has reduced affinity for its substrates and is a correspondingly poor polymerase. By generating novel alleles of pol1, I have also demonstrated that switching-deficiency correlates with the affinity of Pol1 for its substrates in vivo. Finally, two interactors of Pol1 (Mcl1Ctf4 and Spp1Pri1 ) have been shown to have switching defects. S. cerevisiae and Sz. pombe have similar yet distinct genetic nomenclature conventions. Given that both model organisms were used in this study, it is important to highlight the conventions for both organisms to prevent confusion. In S. cerevisiae, wildtype gene names are expressed as a three letter, uppercase and italic name followed by a number (e.g. SEN1). The three letter name often corresponds to the screen through which the gene in question was originally identified. Mutants are generally designated with the same three letter but in lower case (unless the mutant is dominant) and with an allele designation (e.g. sen1∆, sen1-1 and sen1-2). Because of historical context, the allele designations vary in format (e.g. leu2-3,112 is a mutant of LEU2). Protein names are given as a three letter name with the first letter in uppercase (e.g. Sen1). This is also true for mutant proteins, with the added allele designation (e.g Sen1-1 and Sen1-2). In this study, I have generated constructs of the SEN1 gene and these constructs are referred to as SEN1 (X-Y), where X and Y refer to the first and last residues being encoded for. The corresponding proteins are referred to as Sen1 (X-Y). Different promoters have been used and, where appropriate, the promoters are expressed similarly to their wildtype gene names (e.g. GAL1, SEN1 and ACT1). In Sz. pombe, wildtype gene names are expressed as a three letter, lowercase and italic name followed by a number (e.g. pol1). Mutants are generally designated in the same format but with an allele designation. Like in S. cerevisiae, the allele designation varies widely (e.g. pol1-1, pol1-H4 and pol1-ts13). Additionally, because of the historical context, some (but not all) alleles of pol1 are referred to as swi7 to reflect the fact that they are defective for cell-type switching. Similar to the situation in S. cerevisiae, proteins names are given as a three letter name with the first letter in uppercase for both wildtype and mutants (e.g. Pol1 and Swi7-1). Sometimes, for the sake of comparison, genes or proteins are referred to their S. cerevisiae orthologues (e.g. swi1TOF1 and Swi1Tof1 , respectively). Several protein tags have been used in this study. When written in gene form, they were written in capital letters and italicized, irrespective of the host (e.g. 5FLAG) and when in protein form, they were written in capital, irrespective of the host (e.g. 5FLAG).
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Silva, Joyce do Rosario da. "Analise critica da expressão do gene da mucina 1(MUC1) no carcinoma papilifero da tireoide : correlações clinicas e anatomo-patologicas." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/310273.
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Orientador: Laura Sterian WardTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-13T00:19:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_JoycedoRosarioda_D.pdf: 4211439 bytes, checksum: d230e48c7d6fd16a7f9c75667ad83f9a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009
Resumo: A maior expressão de MUC1 tem sido relacionada com o pior prognóstico de diversas malignidades como o câncer de mama e pâncreas. Aproximadamente 20% dos carcinomas diferenciados da tiróide (CDT) evoluem com recidivas locais e a distância. O nosso objetivo foi o de avaliar o gene da MUC1 nos pacientes com CDT e relacionar com aspectos clínicos e anatomo-patológicos. CASUÍSTICA E MÉTODOS: Selecionamos 150 pacientes portadores de carcinoma papilífero (CP), 57 oriundos do Hospital das Clínicas da UNICAMP, acompanhados por 67 (73,29±39,83) meses, de 1995 a 2008 e 93 pacientes do Hospital AC Camargo - Fundação Antônio Prudente em São Paulo acompanhados por 41,37 (32,5±34,30) meses, de 1998 a 2008. Realizamos análise da expressão do gene da MUC 1 por imunoistoquímica e por PCR em Tempo Real e comparamos com dados de evolução clínica e do anatomopatológico. RESULTADOS: Observamos a expressão da proteína MUC1 em 82,19% dos pacientes com CP, no entanto, sem diferenças estatísticas para os dados de evolução clínica e do anatomo-patológico. A análise do RNA-m de MUC1 se correlacionou com a menor expressão nos indivíduos que apresentaram metástases ao diagnóstico (p valor=0,0216). Observamos a pior evolução: no sexo masculino, quando havia metástases ao diagnóstico, na ausência de tiroidite e nos tumores maiores que 4 cm. A presença de invasão tumoral foi mais freqüente nos indivíduos com ausência de tiroidite em 47% dos casos (p=0,0132; OR 2,473 - 95%IC: 1,198-5,104). CONCLUSÃO: Não conseguimos correlacionar a análise do gene MUC1 com aspectos clínicos e anatomo-patológicos de pior prognóstico para o CDT.
Abstract: The over expression of MUC1 has been related with the worst prognosis in malignancies like breast and pancreas cancer. We know that around 20% of the patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) can develop local and/or distant recurrences and because of that we decide to analyze the MUC1 gene in patients with DTC and tried to relate it with clinical and pathological patterns of the thyroid cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We selected 150 patients with Papillary Thyroid Cancer: 57 from the Clinical Hospital of Campinas State University, followed up for 67 (73,29±39,83) months, since 1995 to 2008 and 93 patients from the A. C. Camargo Hospital - Antonio Prudente Foundation - São Paulo for 41,37 (32,5±34,3) months since 1998 to 2008. We analyzed the MUC1 gene with the immunohistochemistry and the Real Time - PCR techniques and compared the results with clinical and pathological data. RESULTS: The MUC1 expression was positive in 82,19% of the patients with papillary thyroid cancer, however, when we compared with clinical and pathological data, there was not statistical significance. The MUC1 m-RNA analysis was correlated with the less expression of the gene in the individuals who had had metastases at the diagnosis. We could observe the worst outcome in the individuals of the male gender, in the presence of metastases at the diagnosis, in the absence of thyroiditis in the non-neoplasic tissue and in tumors larger than 4 cm. The presence of tumoral invasion was significant in the patients with metastases to the diagnosis and in the ones without thyroiditis in 47% (p=0,0132; OR 2,473 - 95% CI: 1,198-5,104). CONCLUSION: We conclude that MUC1gene analysis was not useful to determine aggressive tumors nor to predict prognosis in papillary thyroid carcinomas.
Doutorado
Clinica Medica
Doutor em Clínica Médica
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Catita, Flávia Barretto Correa. "Por uma edição crítico-genética virtual do livro Histórias da meia-noite, de Machado de Assis." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8149/tde-28112014-113120/.
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Esta dissertação tem por objetivo elaborar uma Edição Crítico-Genética Virtual dos contos reunidos no livro Histórias da meia-noite, de Machado de Assis, os quais foram inicialmente publicados no periódico Jornal das Famílias. O trabalho pretende ressaltar as mudanças, supressões e acréscimos realizados pelo autor com a finalidade de esclarecer os processos de criação subjacentes à reescrita dos contos, assim como estabelecer relações entre os veículos de publicação e os diferentes perfis de leitores e compreender como o escritor se posicionava diante dessas peculiaridades. Pretende-se ainda disponibilizar esse conteúdo em um site que facilite a localização desses contos e a visualização das alterações. Com isso, espera-se propor também algumas bases para a realização de futuras edições de outras obras literáriasThis dissertations goal is to elaborate a Virtual Critical Genetic Edition of Historias da meia-noites short stories, by Machado de Assis, which were first published in the periodic Jornal das Famílias. This research aims to highlight the changes, deletions and additions made by the author in order to understand the creation process of those short stories, as well as the particularities of each media and public where they were first published. Furthermore, we intend to make it available to the public on a website that make it easier to locate and visualize the changes
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Bech, Linda. "Genetic and phenotypic characterization of trypanosomas." Thesis, Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-6435.
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Trypanosoma theileri, of the subgenus Megatrypanum, a non-pathogenic cosmopolitan blood dwelling parasite of bovine. T. theileri can be cultured at room temperature in several culture media.
Blood samples were collected from deer's. To see if the blood was infected with trypanosomes it was cultivated in 2 ml sheep blood or cell cultivation medium DMEM with antibiotics.
Growth was detected by microscopy to see if there were any trypanosomes.
To determine the species of trypanosomes that was in the deer blood a DNA-preparation was done before a Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) could be done. With sequencing the trypanosomes where determined to be Trypanosoma theileri.
Different tests were made to see in what way the trypanosomes best were caught to the objective slides.
Forty samples of borrelia positive serum from forty different patients were tested with the fluorescent microscopy. Forty different samples from blood donors were tested the same way.
Blood samples from 16 different fissiped were taken and to see if they were infected with trypanosomes. Three different PCR's were done on the 16 blood samples.
A small test on human blood was also performed.
Protein identification by immunoblot with western blot and silver staining was done.
With the electron microscopy tests were done in the ordinary way and Critical Dry Point to see if both of the techniques worked.
Enzyme-Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA) test were accomplished on two 96 well plates. The wells on the plates were diluted in different ways before they were processed.
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Wang, Xun. "IRF3 is a Critical Regulator of Adipose Glucose and Energy Homeostasis." Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10537.
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Obesity is associated with a state of chronic inflammation, which is believed to contribute to insulin resistance. We previously identified interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) as an anti-adipogenic transcription factor with high expression in adipocytes. Because IRF3 is known to drive expression of pro-inflammatory genes in immune cells, we hypothesized that it may also promote inflammation and insulin resistance in adipocytes. Consistent with our expectations, we found that the expression of inflammatory genes in adipocytes was induced by IRF3 overexpression, while knockdown of IRF3 had the opposite effect. Despite this effect on local adipocyte gene expression, we found that \(Irf3^{-/-}\) mice did not show evidence of altered systemic inflammation. Nonetheless, \(Irf3^{-/-}\) mice did display altered metabolism relative to their wild type (WT) littermates. For example, high fat diet (HFD) fed \(Irf3^{-/-}\) mice exhibited increased lean mass and decreased fat mass compared to WT, accompanied by increased food intake and energy expenditure. Further investigation showed that the white adipose tissue (WAT) of \(Irf3^{-/-}\) mice had increased expression of brown adipocyte selective genes compared to WT, and the inguinal WAT of the \(Irf3^{-/-}\) mouse contain multilocular adipocytes that resemble brown adipocytes. These data suggest that IRF3 affects energy homeostasis by regulating the development of brown adipocyte-like cells in WAT. Additionally, \(Irf3^{-/-}\) mice are significantly more insulin sensitive and glucose tolerant compared to WT when kept on HFD. Consistent with in vivo observations, IRF3 knockdown in 3T3-L1 adipocytes resulted in enhanced insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and lipogenesis, while overexpression of constitutively active IRF3 had the opposite effect. Several IRF3 target genes in adipocytes were identified using transcriptional profiling. Interestingly, the expression level of Slc2a4 (encoding the Glut4 protein) was inversely correlated with that of IRF3 in both WAT and cultured adipocytes. Analysis of the Slc2a4 proximal promoter identified a putative IRF3 binding site upstream of the transcription start site, and luciferase assay in 3T3-L1 adipocytes showed that IRF3 negatively regulates Slc2a4 expression via this site. Taken together, these data indicate that IRF3 plays a role in whole body glucose homeostasis by repressing thermogenic gene expression as well as the expression of adipose Glut4.
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Lisboa, Ederval de Souza. "Análise e otimização da resposta em dinâmica de rotores." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/62045.
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Grandes esforços vêm sendo realizados atualmente com o objetivo de diagnosticar vibrações em estruturas e equipamentos, para máquinas rotativas se requer atenção ainda maior, pois correm o risco de se auto excitarem. Este trabalho tem por objetivo expor uma metodologia em dinâmica de rotores para diminuição da amplitude da resposta no domínio da frequência. Com essa finalidade, o rotor utiliza uma discretização de elementos finitos de viga de Timoshenko com funções da classe C0. A programação é implementada no programa acadêmico Meflab desenvolvida na plataforma do software MATLAB®, e no software ANSYS® Workbench para algumas validações. Os resultados numéricos são comparados com os resultados do modelo de literatura. A implementação da otimização se dá com o uso do toolbox de algoritmos genéticos existente no software MATLAB®, onde os parâmetros do algoritmo de otimização são escolhidos como sendo os diâmetros da seção transversal de cada elemento finito. A função objetivo escolhida está associada à diminuição da resposta no domínio da frequência para excitações do tipo desbalanceamento ou a evitar o posicionamento de alguma velocidade crítica dentro de um intervalo de frequências predeterminado. As restrições do problema encontram-se associadas às dimensões máximas e mínimas das seções transversais dos elementos do eixo. Em geral, para a rotação onde se requeria a diminuição da amplitude da resposta no domínio da frequência, havia uma tendência das antirressonâncias mais próximas se deslocarem para o ponto requerido.Great efforts are been made recently in order to diagnose vibrations in structures and equipments. Rotary machines require even greater attention, for they carry the risk of auto-excitation. This paper has as an objective the exposition a rotor dynamics methodology to minimize the response amplitude in the frequency domain. With this goal, the rotor is discretized using finite Timoshenko Beams elements, with C0 class functions. The programming is implemented in the academic software Meflab, coded in the MATLAB® platform, and in the software ANSYS® Workbench to validate some results. The numerical results are compared with the results from literature model. The optimization is made utilizing the genetic algorithms toolbox existing in the MATLAB® software, where the optimization algorithms parameters are chosen as being the transverse section diameters of each finite element. The objective function chosen is associated with the response minimization in the frequency domain for unbalanced type excitations or to avoid the existence of a critical velocity within a predetermined frequency range. The problem restrictions are associated to maximum and minimum transverse section dimensions of the axis elements, as well as its total volume variation. In general, for the rotation where the frequency domain amplitude response minimization was required, there was a tendency for the closest anti-resonances to shift themselves to the required point.
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Corrêa, Elisete Márcia. "Expressão heteróloga, purificação e caracterização das proteínas humanas DCRA (Down Syndrome Critical Region Gene A) e DSCR8 (Down Syndrome Critical Region Gene 8)." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/5372.
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Previous issue date: 2004-01-27Down syndrome is the most frequent cause of mental retardation affecting millions of people worldwide and results from full or partial trisomy of chromosome 21 (HC21). Rare cases of partial trisomy allowed the identification of a small region in HC21 common to all carriers called Down Syndrome Critical Region. The genes DCRA and DSCR8, mapped to this region, encode two proteins of unknown function. With the aim of contributing to a better characterization of these proteins, DSCR8 was subcloned and expressed in fusion with thiorredoxin in Escherichia coli Rosetta (DE3). Recombinant Trx-DSCR8, observed in the soluble fraction, was subjected to the initial purification assays by affinity chromatography in a Ni-NTA column. The gene DCRA was cloned and expressed in fusion with the proteins thiorredoxin and GFP allowing the partial purification of the protein and the achievement of crystallization and immunological assays. The amino acid sequence of DCRA showed 57% and 49% of identity to a protein of unknown function from Anopheles gambiae and Drosophila melanogaster respectively. Also, in silico analyses revealed that DCRA contains a putative Vps26 domain. Subcellular localization of DCRA in fusion with GFP was observed preferentially in the cytoplasm of the cell lines tested. These results contribute to a better characterization of DCRA and DSCR8 and open up possibilities towards the understanding of the cellular role of these proteins and their relationship with the Down syndrome.
A síndrome de Down é a causa mais freqüente de retardo mental que afeta milhões de pessoas em todo o mundo e resulta de uma trissomia completa ou parcial do cromossomo 21 (HC21). Casos raros de trissomia parcial permitiram identificar uma pequena região do HC21 comum a todos os portadores denominada de Região Crítica da Síndrome de Down. Os genes DCRA e DSCR8 foram mapeados nesta região e codificam proteínas de função desconhecida. Com o objetivo de contribuir para a caracterização destas proteínas DSCR8 foi expresso em fusão com seqüência codificadora da tiorredoxina na linhagem de Escherichia coli Rosetta (DE3) o que possibilitou a obtenção de Trx- DSCR8 na fração solúvel em quantidade suficiente para os ensaios iniciais de purificação em cromatografia de afinidade Ni-NTA. O DCRA foi clonado em fase com seqüências codificadores da tiorredoxina e GFP o que permitiu que a solução protéica fosse parcialmente purificada e que ensaios de cristalização e imunização pudessem ser realizados. A seqüência de aminoácidos da proteína DCRA possui 57% e 49 % de identidade respectivamente com proteínas de Anopheles gambiae e de Drosophila melanogaster, ambas de função desconhecida. Análises in silico da seqüência de aminoácidos demonstram que DCRA possui um provável domínio de Vps26. A localização subcelular da DCRA em fusão com a GFP foi observada preferencialmente no compartimento citoplasmático em todas as linhagens celulares analisadas. Esses resultados contribuem para melhor conhecimento da DCRA e da DSCR8 e estimulam futuras análises para o entendimento da função celular destas proteínas, bem como suas implicações na síndrome de Down.
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Schweers, Nicholas Joseph. "Genetic Analysis of a Microvirus Major Spike Protein: A C-Terminal Region Critical for Assembly." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/321950.
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Renwick, Juanita. "Population structure and genetic diversity of Southeast Queensland populations of the Wallum Froglet, Crinia Tinnula (Tschudi)." Queensland University of Technology, 2006. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16181/.
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Genetic diversity is a fundamental attribute that contributes to a species evolutionary survival. In recent times, conservation managers have recognized the need to preserve genetic diversity of declining species, and have also acknowledged the utility of genetic markers for describing genetic and ecological relationships within and among populations. Information obtained from genetic studies can be used in conjunction with information on population demography, land use patterns and habitat distribution to develop effective management strategies for the conservation of species in decline. The wallum froglet, Crinia tinnula, is one of Australia's smallest habitat specialist anurans. In recent years there has been a dramatic decrease in population numbers of this species. The habitat to which C.tinnula is endemic ('wallum' habitat) is restricted to low coastal plains along the southeast Queensland and northern New South Wales coastline. As human populations in this region expanded, the coastal areas have undergone significant development and large areas of wallum habitat have been cleared. The effect has been to convert once largely continuous patches of coastal heathland in to a matrix of small habitat patches within an area undergoing rapid urban expansion. This study aimed to document levels and patterns of genetic diversity and to define the population structure of C.tinnula populations within southeast Queensland, with the objective of defining possible conservation management units for this species. Results from 12S and COI mitochondrial markers clearly showed that two distinct evolutionary lineages of C.tinnula are present within southeast Queensland. The high level of divergence between lineages and strict geographic partitioning suggests long term isolation of C.tinnula populations. It is hypothesized that ancestral C.tinnula populations were once confined to wallum habitat refugia during the Pliocene resulting in phylogeographic delineation of 'northern' and 'southern' C.tinnula clades. Populations within each geographic region show evidence of range contraction and expansion, with subsequent restricted gene flow. Levels of genetic diversity appear, largely, to be the product of historical associations rather than contemporary gene flow. A revision of the current systematics of C.tinnula is required to ensure that discrete population groups are recognized as distinct evolutionary lineages and will therefore be protected accordingly.
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Wekwete, Chessman Tavarwisa. "Genetics and critical illness insurance underwriting : models for breast cancer and ovarian cancer and for coronary heart disease and stroke." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/1157.
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Le, Coyte Hopkins Catherine Marie Ginette. "Challenge not crisis : an exploration of the role of genetic counselling for Turner syndrome, using an 'across the life span' approach, enabling families and individuals to meet the challenge." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/209527.
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An exploratory pilot study was conducted to identify specific experiences, perceptions and challenges of participants affected by Turner Syndrome in Hong Kong. It was important to discover how issues concerning fertility, menstruation, ovarian function and ovarian insufficiency and hormone replacement therapy, which are important to these women have impacted their psychosocial wellbeing, psychosocial experiences and their relationships. An ‘across the life span’ approach was used to explore significant issues at various stages or ‘moments’ of their lives, and which they perceive to be important to family and the Chinese culture.
The findings of this study has implications for the role of genetic counselling in Turner Syndrome in Hong Kong, to facilitate individuals and their families to meet the challenge.
When parents make prenatal decisions for the continuation of pregnancy of a fetus with Turner Syndrome, the quality of genetic counselling is considered to have direct effect on the decision making and continuance of pregnancy. Previous literature indicated that critical criteria for decision making during the prenatal period includes the potential future fertility of the fetus. These issues concerning fertility of patients with Turner Syndrome were explored in this study, in addition to a review of the existing literature.
Methodology
This was a study of qualitative research, using semi structured interviews. Triangulation techniques were employed in order to gain a rich insight into the care of patients with Turner Syndrome in Hong Kong. For this report, four participants were recruited, who were existing patients of the Department of Reproductive Medicine clinic in Queen Mary Hospital. Each consented to an in depth interview concerning their experiences and challenges of Turner Syndrome in Hong Kong. The narrative of the interview was analysed according to the themes which emerged. A review of medical notes of the participants from the Department of Reproductive Medicine clinic in Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong was also conducted.
Results
Of the participants included in this analysis, one individual with classical features of Turner Syndrome had a 45, X karyotype. The remaining three participants were cytogenetically diagnosed with a mosaicism for Turner Syndrome.
It was anticipated that the knowledge gained would improve the provision of information and care by the genetic counsellor and medical practitioner, for patients or parents at initial diagnosis and across their lifespan. The study participants were able to provide rich body of data allowing insight into their lives, experiences and challenges. The pregnancy losses that they have endured, and the hope that all four individuals sustain became evident with each interaction.
Significance
This study has shown that patients require an in depth knowledge of their condition. They trust the medical professionals who care for them, and their care should be managed with continuity ‘across the life span’ by carers who are experts in Turner Syndrome. Their need for establishment of support groups, and a continuing support structure is essential to their well-being and their psychological health.
This is a unique study in Hong Kong with these issues having not been explored previously.published_or_final_version
Medicine
Master
Master of Medical Sciences
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Aisenberg, Jeremy Charles. "A Critical Review of Telomerase Biology and Model Systems for the Study of Telomerase." VCU Scholars Compass, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10156/2120.
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Kumbier, Alana. "Ephemeral Material: Developing a Critical Archival Practice." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1236198205.
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Bilginer, Onur. "Control And Manipulation Of Life: A Critical Assessment Of Genetics Through The Perspectives Of Hans Jonas, Martin Heidegger And Michel Foucault." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607453/index.pdf.
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This study is on the political and ethical aspects of recent advances in genetics. Its aim is to explicate the scientific and technological premises of genetics along historical, philosophical and political axes by employing the critical perspectives of Jonas, Heidegger and Foucault. Starting the discussion from a brief account of scientific and technological revolutions initiated in the 16th and 17th centuries, I defend the thesis that the idea of control and manipulation of life is not a novelty introduced by genetics, but a historical orientation underlying modern man&rsquos metaphysical reasoning. That is to say, &lsquo
the idea of control and manipulation of life&rsquo
is not an unintended technological excess of genetic practices, and hence a transgression of our moral principles. Rather, this endeavour is a scientific and technological &lsquo
project&rsquo
which has been at the very core of modern man&rsquo
s rational political agenda. Therefore, any attempts to understand genetics from a naï
ve Baconian utilitarianism and optimism fails to grasp its complicated political nature. For the ethical concerns to become more comprehensive, three genetic cases (prenatal screening tests, cloning, and genetic engineering) are examined in the light of the philosophical reflections of Jonas and Heidegger. Besides, following Foucault&rsquo
s critical assessments of medicine and bio-power, a &lsquo
fourth spatialization of disease&rsquo
is proposed at the end of the study in order to evaluate the transformations with the introduction of genetics into medicine. Consequently, it is argued that geneticized medicine might sign a new regime of bio-power &ndash
a reconfiguration of knowledge, power and subjectivity.
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McCausland, Jamieson. "A Proactive Risk-Aware Robotic Sensor Network for Critical Infrastructure Protection." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/30328.
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In this thesis a Proactive Risk-Aware Robotic Sensor Network (RSN) is proposed for the application of Critical Infrastructure Protection (CIP). Each robotic member of the RSN is granted a perception of risk by means of a Risk Management Framework (RMF). A fuzzy-risk model is used to extract distress-based risk features and potential intrusion-based risk features for CIP. Detected high-risk events invoke a fuzzy-auction Multi-Robot Task Allocation (MRTA) algorithm to create a response group for each detected risk. Through Evolutionary Multi-Objective (EMO) optimization, a Pareto set of optimal robot configurations for a response group will be generated using the Non-Dominating Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II). The optimization objectives are to maximize sensor coverage of essential spatial regions and minimize the amount of energy exerted by the response group. A set of non-dominated solutions are produced from EMO optimization for a decision maker to select a single response. The RSN response group will re-organize based on the specifications of the selected response.
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Cardoso, Jorge Fernando dos Anjos. "Muda critica no camarão rosa pernaeus paulensis perez farfante, 1967 (crustacea, deca poda, penaeidae) cultivado em viveiros no Estado de Santa Catarina." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 1997. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/77039.
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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciencias AgrariasMade available in DSpace on 2012-10-17T00:14:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Os estádios de desenvolvimento do télico e do petasma de Penaeus (Farfantepenaeus) paulensis Pérez Farfante, 1967 foram utilizados para confirmar a ocorrência de mudas críticas associadas às descontinuidades já descritas em distribuições de crescimerto relativo entre comprimento da carapaça e dimensões de segmentos abdominais. As dimensões utilizadas foram o comprimento da carapaça (CC), comprimento do abdome (CA), comprimento do abdome por soma dos comprimentos dos segmentos abdominais (CAS), comprimento dos segmentos abdominais (LC) e altura dos segmentos abdominais (H). Os dados relativos a cada dimensão e de cada estádio de desenvolvimento da genitália externa foram plotados aos pares (CC x CA, CC x CAS, CC x LC1 a LC6, CC x H1 a H6) para inspeção gráfica e calculadas as constantes da equação alométrica (Y=aXb) pelo método dos mínimos quadrados. A muda crítica ocorre quando o télico passa do estádio B2 para o Cl. Examinou-se ainda a possibilidade de encontrar relações simultaneamente isométricas entre as relações LC x CAS, CC x CAS e CC x LC. Estas foram as que relacionaram o comprimento de 5° segmento abdominal (LC5) ao CC e CAS para as fêmeas e o comprimento do 3° segmento (LC3) para os machos com CC superior a 12,2mm. Isto permite recomendar que a escolha de reprodutores recaia em fêmeas com a proporção LC5/CC maior ou igual a 0,28 e nos machos com CC maior que 12,2mm entre aqueles que apresentaram a proporção LC3/CC maior ou igual a 0,34, sempre que se deseje selecionar animais com o comprimento de abdome de valor maior ou igual ao esperado de acordo com a isometria determinada pela relação CCxCAS.
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Lytrivi, Maria. "Genetic and lipotoxic endoplasmic reticulum stress in pancreatic β cells: a critical process in common and rare forms of diabetes." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/305600.
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ABSTRACTThe prevalence of diabetes is increasing dramatically, incurring a major health and socioeconomic burden. Type 2 diabetes (T2D), the most prevalent form of diabetes, results from a variable combination of insulin resistance and insulin deficiency, secondary to pancreatic β-cell failure. These defects are caused by a complex interplay between genetic and environmental/ lifestyle factors. Among the latter, poor dietary quality is a crucial driver of T2D development. Although adopting healthy dietary habits is considered as a mainstay for T2D prevention, what constitutes a healthy diet remains controversial. Epidemiological studies examining the association of dietary fat quality with T2D incidence have yielded equivocal results and may suffer from confounding. On the other hand, randomized trials assessing the impact of dietary fat saturation on glucose homeostasis have major methodological shortcomings, precluding reliable conclusions. In order to elucidate this question, we compared the effects of palm oil vs olive oil on glucose homeostasis and other relevant metabolic parameters, in a mouse model of high-fat diet-induced obesity. The saturated fatty acid-rich palm oil is the most abundantly used oil worldwide. Olive oil is a staple food of the Mediterranean diet, rich in monounsaturated fatty acids and widely regarded as healthful. In this model, palm oil was not more harmful than olive oil with regard to glucose/insulin homeostasis. However, palm oil was associated with increased visceral adiposity and triglyceridemia compared to olive oil. Circulating and tissue free fatty acid (FFA) concentration and composition are determined by dietary factors, as well as genetic and metabolic factors. There is accumulating evidence indicating that increased FFA levels and/or an unbalanced FFA composition with excess palmitate, induce β-cell dysfunction and apoptosis (lipotoxicity). To characterize the mechanisms underlying lipotoxicity, we combined RNA-sequencing with proteomics of β-cells exposed to palmitate, the most prevalent SFA in humans. This cross-omics study showed that palmitate altered lipid and amino-acid metabolism, and affected amplifying pathways of insulin secretion and exocytosis. Furthermore, palmitate induced stress pathways, including mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. ER stress is triggered when protein folding demand exceeds ER folding capacity. This response aims to restore ER homeostasis but if unresolved, it can become deleterious. Islets from T2D patients display signs of ER stress, pointing to a potentially pathogenic role of the latter.Monogenic and neonatal diabetes are rare forms of diabetes caused by single gene mutations. These forms are of particular interest, as they can serve as ‘human knockout’ models of diabetes. Recent evidence shows that there is overlap in the genetic basis of monogenic diabetes and T2D, suggesting that they may be part of a pathologic continuum. To explore the role of ER stress in diabetes pathogenesis, we studied two different genetic syndromes involving neonatal or early-onset diabetes, caused by mutations in genes related to ER function (DNAJC3 and YIPF5). Using in vitro knockdown models, we showed that ER stress elicited by impaired chaperone function (DNAJC3) or by impaired ER-to-Golgi protein transport (YIFP5) causes β-cell apoptosis. Altogether, our findings support that lipotoxic and genetic ER stress contribute to diabetes pathogenesis. Preventing or modulating ER stress thus holds anti-diabetic therapeutic potential. Future research should focus on defining optimal strategies to restore a balanced FFA profile and enhance ER function, aiming to prevent ER-stress induced β-cell failure. RésuméLa prévalence du diabète progresse constamment, posant un défi sanitaire et socioéconomique majeur. Le diabète de type 2 (DT2), la forme la plus courante de diabète, résulte de la résistance à l’insuline, en association avec un déficit insulinique dû à la défaillance des cellules β pancréatiques. Ces anomalies découlent d’une interaction complexe entre des facteurs génétiques et des facteurs liés au mode de vie. Parmi ces derniers, la qualité du régime alimentaire est un facteur crucial pour le développement du DT2. Bien que le suivi d’un régime alimentaire sain est considéré comme le pilier pour la prévention du DT2, ce qui constitue un régime sain demeure un sujet de controverse.Les études épidémiologiques examinant l’association entre la qualité de la graisse alimentaire et l’incidence du DT2 ont donné des résultats équivoques, affectés éventuellement par des facteurs confondants. En outre, les études randomisées évaluant l’impact du degré de saturation de la graisse alimentaire sur l’homéostasie du glucose comportent des limitations méthodologiques majeures. Afin d’élucider cette question, on a comparé les effets de l’huile de palme aux effets de l’huile d’olive sur l’homéostasie du glucose et d’autres paramètres métaboliques pertinents. Dans ce but, on a utilisé un modèle murin d’obésité induite par un régime riche en graisse. L’huile de palme est riche en acides gras saturés et elle est l’huile la plus utilisée globalement. L’huile d’olive est un aliment phare du régime Méditerranéen, riche en acides gras monoinsaturés et généralement reconnu comme un aliment sain. Dans notre modèle murin, la consommation d’huile de palme n’était pas plus néfaste que celle de l’huile d’olive sur l’homéostasie du glucose, la sensibilité à l’insuline et l’insulinosécrétion. Par contre, l’huile de palme était associée à une adiposité viscérale et une triglycéridémie plus élevée comparée à l’huile d’olive.La concentration et la composition des acides gras libres (AGL) sont déterminées par des facteurs alimentaires, génétiques et métaboliques. Des données abondantes démontrent que la présence des niveaux élevés d’AGL et/ou d’une composition déséquilibrée d’AGL induit la dysfonction et l’apoptose des cellules β (lipotoxicité). Pour caractériser les mécanismes sous-jacents de la lipotoxicité, on a combiné un séquençage ARN à une étude protéomique des cellules β exposées au palmitate, l’AGL saturé le plus courant chez l’homme. Cette étude conjointe a montré que le palmitate altère le métabolisme des lipides et des acides aminés, les voies d’amplification de la sécrétion d’insuline et l’exocytose. Le palmitate induit également des voies de stress cellulaires, telles que la dysfonction mitochondriale, le stress oxydatif et le stress du réticulum endoplasmique (RE). Le stress du RE est activé quand les besoins en sécrétion protéique dépassent les capacités de l’organite. Cette réponse a pour but de rétablir l’homéostasie du RE mais si le stress reste non résolu, ceci peut s’avérer délétère. Des îlots des patients avec un DT2 montrent des signes de stress du RE, évoquant un rôle potentiellement pathogénique de ce dernier.Le diabète monogénique et néonatal sont des formes rares de diabète causées par des mutations d’un seul gène. Ces formes sont particulièrement intéressantes sur le plan physiopathologique car elles représentent des ‘knockout’ humains. Des données récentes montrent que la base génétique du diabète monogénique n’est pas complètement distincte de celle du diabète de type 2 et les deux entités pourraient faire partie d’un continuum. Afin d’explorer le rôle du stress du RE dans la pathogénèse du diabète, on a étudié deux syndromes génétiques entraînant un diabète néonatal ou à début très précoce. Ces syndromes sont causés par des mutations dans des gènes impliqués dans la fonction du RE (DNAJC3 et YIPF5). En silençant ces gènes in vitro, on a montré que le stress du RE, déclenché soit par une dysfonction des chaperones (DNAJC3), soit par un retard du trafic de protéines du RE vers le Golgi (YIPF5), induit l’apoptose des cellules β.Ces résultats suggèrent que le stress du RE génétique et lipotoxique contribuent à la pathogénèse du diabète. La prévention ou modulation du stress du RE présente donc un potentiel thérapeutique anti-diabétique. Des études futures pourraient permettre de définir des stratégies optimales pour rétablir un profil d’AGL équilibré ou renforcer la fonction du RE, en vue de prévenir la défaillance des cellules β.Doctorat en Sciences médicales (Médecine)
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Munoz, Marcia Medicine UNSW. "The EDD protein is a critical mediator in the DNA damage response." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Medicine, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/25977.
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An intact cellular response to DNA damage is important for the maintenance of genomic stability and tumour prevention. EDD, the human orthologue of Drosophila melanogaster ???hyperplastic discs???, is over-expressed or mutated in a number of common human cancers. EDD is a progestin regulated gene that encodes an E3 ubiquitin ligase involved in cell communication and cell adhesion, and although it has also been implicated in the DNA damage response through its association with DNA damage proteins, a definitive role has yet to be demonstrated. The work presented herein shows that EDD is necessary for an adequate cellular response to double-strand DNA breaks. Cells depleted of EDD exhibit reduced survival, radio-resistant DNA synthesis and failure to maintain G2/M arrest following DNA damage induced by phleomycin exposure. Furthermore, EDD-depleted cells display impaired activating phosphorylation and kinase activity of the checkpoint kinase CHK2 after DNA damage. These effects appear to be largely modulated through a phospho-dependent interaction involving the CHK2 FHA domain and a region of EDD spanning a number of putative FHA-binding threonines. These results identify EDD as a novel mediator in DNA damage signal transduction via CHK2 and emphasise the potential importance of EDD in cancer.
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Conroy, Amy. "E-racing the Genetic Family Tree: A Critical Race Analysis of the Impact of Familial DNA Searching on Canada's Aboriginal Peoples." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/34285.
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Canada established its National DNA Data Bank (NDDB) in 2000. Since that time, the NDDB has assisted in the solving of numerous criminal investigations. The NDDB has two indexes: the convicted offender index, which holds the identifiable DNA of persons convicted of designated crimes, and the anonymous crime scene index, which holds anonymous DNA collected from crime scenes. A match to a crime scene profile provides criminal investigators with extremely valuable evidence linking a suspect to a crime scene and the NDDB has been used to identify perpetrators in thousands of crimes in Canada.
By limiting the identifiable DNA in the NDDB to convicted offenders, Canada has aimed to balance the crime-solving benefits of the data bank with competing rights issues, particularly the individual right to privacy. Some have encouraged expansions to the NDDB scheme in order to increase the number of crimes that can be resolved through the use of DNA evidence. One possible expansion is to introduce familial searching, a technique in DNA analysis that enables suspect identification based on the existence of a partial match between an identifiable DNA profile and an anonymous profile retrieved from the scene of a crime. Where closely matching profiles indicate that a close genetic relationship likely exists between the identifiable offender and an anonymous perpetrator, police will have a useful lead for follow-up and may be able to locate a suspect by testing the DNA of the identified offender’s close relatives.
The use of familial searching is controversial. As a crime-solving tool, it has helped solve crimes in other jurisdictions in which it is currently used. At the same time, it introduces legal and ethical questions that have not been fully explored in Canada. One of the crucial questions is whether and to what extent familial searching may discriminate against Canada’s Aboriginal peoples, who suffer the effects of systemic bias in the criminal justice system generally and who are likely to be overrepresented in the NDDB. Applied in an inherently unequal system, familial searching would disproportionately impact Aboriginal peoples and perpetuate or possibly worsen this existing inequality.
To help inform Canada’s decision about the use of familial searching as part of NDDB operations, this dissertation examines the issue from a Critical Race Theory perspective. It outlines the various ways in which familial searching would disproportionately impact Aboriginal peoples. The dissertation further examines international approaches to familial searching and evaluates the extent to which these policies protect against racial inequality concerns relating to the use of familial searching in each jurisdiction considered. It argues that Canada should prohibit familial searching of NDDB data in order to avoid a situation in which the technique would perpetuate or worsen systemic bias against Aboriginal peoples in the Canadian criminal justice system.
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Greig, Kylie Tara. "Critical roles for the transcription factor c-Myb in early B cell development /." Connect to thesis, 2009. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/3824.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Melbourne, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, The Division of Immunology and the Division of Molecular Medicine, Dept. of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, 2009.Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (p. 133-165)
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Luderer, Cynthia Arantes Ferreira. "O processo de comunicação na criação do carnavalesco Raul Diniz." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2007. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/4960.
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Previous issue date: 2007-10-26Secretaria da Educação do Estado de São Paulo
This text has the objective to analyze the communication process of carnavalesco Raul Diniz creation and point how much the limits and restrictions that come from mass media and communications network of Samba s school from São Paulo, interfere on this professional s procedures and choices for the Samba s school parade show creation and assembly. The carnavalesco is the main Samba s school professional responsible to conceive a carnival parade. He must receive, analyze and share pictures converted in symbols. Raul Diniz, specifically , was choose the best carnavalesco of twenty century besides Joãozinho Trinta and is also plastic artist. To best understand his communication process and creation, this study was made based on critic genetic methodology study, based on Peirce semiotic approaching. Dealing with carnival, an hybrid festival with cultural manifestation, we can use theory that analyze Morin and Lotman complex cultural aspects. The selected focus was the 2006 Abre Alas car from the Vai-Vai Sanba s school from São Paulo. It was also analyzed the complement like Comissão de Frente, that in this specific parade had total interaction with studied and created by Raul Diniz allegory. We study this professional creation process documents (drafts and drawing) and the car s mounting pictures and others that contributes for this creation (institutional rules, synopsis, objects, research books and media critics). With this study, we could observe that even the carnavalesco that has been responsible by the show, the communications between him and the people that surround him, as the rules and restrictions that came from the different groups of this hybrid environment from where he take part, interfere on his creative process, with special notability for the mass media television. We could also know better the carnival phenomenon and specifically the Samba s schools parade
Essa dissertação tem como objetivo analisar o processo de comunicação na criação do carnavalesco Raul Diniz e apontar o quanto os limites e restrições, oriundos da mídia e da rede de comunicação das Escolas de Samba de São Paulo, interferiram nos procedimentos e escolhas deste profissional para a criação e montagem do espetáculo do desfile de uma Escola de Samba. O carnavalesco é o profissional da Escola de Samba que é tido como principal responsável e mediador para conceber um desfile de carnaval. A ele cabe receber, analisar e partilhar linguagens que são transformadas em símbolos. Raul Diniz foi escolhido como o melhor carnavalesco do século XX junto com Joãozinho Trinta e além de ter esta profissão, atua como artista plástico. Para compreendermos melhor seu processo de comunicação e criação, este estudo foi feito com base nos estudos metodológicos de crítica genética, com abordagem semiótica (Peirce). Por se tratar de carnaval, uma festa híbrida e de manifestação cultural, coube aqui o diálogo com teorias que analisam os complexos aspectos culturais (Morin e Lotman). O foco selecionado foi o Carro Abre Alas da Escola de Samba Vai-Vai, de São Paulo, elaborado para o desfile de 2006. Junto ao carro, foram também analisadas as composições que o complementam, assim como a Comissão de Frente, que no caso específico deste desfile, teve total interação com a alegoria aqui estudada e criada por Diniz. Observamos documentos do processo de criação deste profissional (esboços e desenhos) como também os da montagem do carro (fotos) além de outros que se tornaram pertinentes para contribuir para esta criação (regras das instituições, sinopses, objetos de apoio, livros de pesquisas, críticas da mídia). Pudemos observar com este estudo que mesmo o carnavalesco sendo o responsável pelo espetáculo, a comunicação entre ele e as pessoas que o cercam, assim como as regras e restrições, vindas dos mais diferentes grupos deste ambiente híbrido, o qual ele faz parte, interferem em seu processo criativo, dando destaque especial para o papel da mídia televisiva. Também pudemos conhecer melhor o fenômeno do carnaval, mais especificamente, os desfiles das escolas de samba e contribuir para preservar a memória desta festa popular e cultural na cidade de São Paulo
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Armbruster, Diana. "The impact of serotonergic and dopaminergic genetic variation on endophenotypes of emotional processing." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-63574.
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Decades of research in quantitative genetics have found substantial heritability for personality traits as well as for mental disorders which formed the basis of the ongoing molecular genetic studies that aim to identify genetic variations that actually contribute to the manifestation of complex traits. With regard to psychological traits, genetic variation impacting neurotransmitter function have been of particular interest. Additionally, the role of environmental factors including gene × environment interactions has been further investigated and the impor-tance of developmental aspects has been stressed. Furthermore, endophenotypes which link complex traits with their respective biological underpinnings and thus bridge the gap between gene and behaviour have begun to be included in research efforts. In accordance with this approach, this thesis aims to further examine the influence of genetic variation impacting serotonergic and dopaminergic functioning on endophenotypes of anxiety-related behaviour. To this end, two well established paradigms – the acoustic startle reflex and the cortisol stress response – were employed. Both show considerable interindividual variation which has been found in quantitative genetic studies to be at least partly based on genetic factors. In addition, the neural circuits underlying these endophenotypes are relatively well understood and thus reveal references for the detection of associated genetic influences.
The results of this thesis associate the overall startle magnitude in two independent samples of young adults with a polymorphism in the promoter region of the serotonin transporter (5-HTT) gene (5-HTTLPR): Carriers of the short (S) allele which results in a reduced gene ex-pression showed a stronger startle magnitude which is in line with numerous findings linking the S allele to increased measures of negative emotionality. In addition to 5-HTTLPR, the effects of past stressful life events on the startle response were investigated: Participants who had recently experienced at least one stressful life event exhibited stronger startle responses and reduced habituation of the startle reflex although there was no 5-HTTLPR × environment inter-action effect. A third study revealed independent and joint effects of 5-HTTLPR and a poly-morphism in the dopamine receptor 4 gene (DRD4) in the same sample of young adults with regard to the cortisol stress response with carriers of the DRD4 7R allele which has been associ-ated with higher scores in sensation seeking, showing reduced cortisol responses. In addition, a 5-HTTLPR × DRD4 interaction effect emerged: 5-HTTLPR long (L) allele carriers showed the lowest cortisol response but only when they possessed at least one copy of the DRD4 7R allele. Moreover, in a fourth study a life span approach was taken and the influence of a further important serotonergic polymorphism which impacts the functioning of tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2), the rate limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of serotonin, on interindividual differences in the startle response was investigated in three different age samples: children, young adults and older adults. There was a sex × TPH2 genotype interaction effect in a sample of young adults on the overall startle response while there was no effect of TPH2 in children or older adults. The last study of this thesis presents findings regarding the influence of two dopaminergic polymorphisms in genes encoding the enzyme catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) and the dopamine transporter (DAT), respectively, which both terminate dopamine signalling and are thus important regulators of dopaminergic neurotransmission, on the startle reflex in older adults. COMT met/met homozygotes showed the strongest and val/val homozygotes displayed the smallest startle magnitude which is in line with findings linking the COMT met allele to increased scores of anxiety related traits and disorders. Regarding DAT, participants homozygous for the 10R allele, which had previously associated with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, showed a stronger overall startle response.
In sum, this thesis comprises data on interindividual differences in an electrophysiological and a hormonal endophenotype across the life span and their association with serotonergic and dopaminergic function based on genetic variation. One major finding is the clear evidence for the influence of serotonergic polymorphisms on the startle response in young adults while in contrast in older adults genetic variation in the dopaminergic system exerted considerable influence. These differences might be due to developmental processes in the different stages of life although cohort effects and effects of different recruitment strategies can also not be ruled out. Furthermore, there were significant differences regarding the genetic influence on the acoustic startle reflex and cortisol stress response in one and the same sample which might be due to methodological differences of the two paradigms as well as differences in their underlying neuronal circuits. In conclusion, this thesis supports the acoustic startle reflex and the cortisol stress response as valuable endophenotypes and thus indicators for underlying neurobiological circuits although some methodological issues remain. It also highlights the importance of taking developmental factors and changes over the course of life into account. Finally, this thesis emphasizes the necessity to include reliably and validly assessed past experienced events in molecular genetic studies in order to understand the interplay between genetic and environmental factors in shaping (endo)-phenotypes.
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Tavares, Daniel Jorge. "Sequences Required for Neurotensin Receptor-1 Gene Expression in N1E-115 Neurosblastoma Cells: Critical Importance of a CACCC Element for Activation During DMSO-Induced Neuronal Differentiation: a Dissertation." eScholarship@UMMS, 2000. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/40.
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The promoter sequence of the mouse high affinity neurotensin receptor, Ntr-1, gene was cloned and characterized, sequences required for positive regulation in N1E-115 cells were localized, and at least two different peptides from these cells were shown to make specific contacts within the most potent positive regulatory element. A mouse neuroblastoma cell line, N1E-115, treated with 1.5% DMSO for 72 hours induces gene expression of both endogenous Ntr-l, and reporter constructs driven by the NTR-1 promoter, by 3 - 4 fold. The sequence ofthe NTR-1 promoter has no canonical TATA box, but is GC rich and contains consensus SP1, CACCC, CRE, and initiator elements. These elements are located within a 193 base positive regulatory region required for DMSO responsive activity and contains the transcriptional start site. Detailed mutational analysis of this region revealed that a CACCC box and the central region of a large GC rich palindrome are crucial cis-regulatory elements for DMSO induction. The SP1 element, an NGFI-A-related element, and the 5' end of the positive regulatory region are required for maintaining basal expression in N1E-115 cells. Cell type differences in the cis-regulatory elements that mediate both DMSO induction and maintenance of basal expression are observed. Characterization of proteins in N1E-115 cells that make specific contacts within the CACCC element identified at least two peptides with predicted sizes of 57 kd and 97 kd. Two dimensional UV crosslinking indicates that these proteins might contribute to inducible gel shift complexes that require the CACCC element. Several previously characterized CACCC binding proteins, belonging to the Kruppel-like family of transcription factors, were tested by supershift analysis for their ability to contribute to NTR-1 CACCC complexes. In fact, a protein closely related to SP1 does bind the CACCC element in N1E-115 cells, but of the other Kruppel-like protein tested, only BKLF contributes to a minor complex in N1E-115 cells. These results provide evidence for the complex regulation of Ntr-1 gene expression mediated by the cooperation of several cis-regulatory elements including a CACCC Kruppel-like binding element.
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Chen, Yaoyu. "Critical Molecular Pathways in Cancer Stem Cells of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: A Dissertation." eScholarship@UMMS, 2011. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/536.
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Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a disease characterized by the expansion of granulocytic cells. The BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib, the frontline treatment for Ph+ leukemias, can induce complete hematologic and cytogenetic response in most chronic phase CML patients. Despite the remarkable initial clinic effects, it is now recognized that imatinib will unlikely cure patients because a small cell population containing leukemic stem cells (LSCs) with self-renewal capacity is insensitive to tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
In Chapter I, I briefly review the BCR-ABL kinase and its related signaling pathways. BCR-ABL kinase activates several signaling pathways including MAPK, STAT, and JNK/SAPK. BCR-ABL also mediates kinase-independent pathways through SRC family kinases. I will also discuss pathways involving β-catenin, hedgehog, FoxO and Alox5 are critical to the regulation of self-renewal and differentiation in LSC of CML.
As detailed in Chapter II, I describe our work evaluating the effects of omacetaxine, a novel CML drug inducing cell apoptosis by inhibition of protein synthesis, on self-renewal and differentiation of LSCs and BCR-ABL-induced CML and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) in mice. We found that treatment with omacetaxine decreased the number of LSCs and prolonged the survival of mice with CML or B-ALL.
In chapter III, I describe that Alox5 is an essential gene in the function of LSCs and CML development. We show evidence that Alox5 affects differentiation, cell division, and survival of long-term LSCs. Treatment of CML mice with a 5-LO inhibitor also impaired the function of LSCs similarly and prolonged survival.
In chapter IV, I present evidence of our work showing a further dissection the Alox5 pathway by comparing the gene expression profiles of wild type and Alox5-/- LSCs. We show that Msr1 deletion causes acceleration of CML development. We also show that Msr1 affects CML development by regulating the PI3K-AKT pathway and β-catenin.
Taken together, these results demonstrate that some pathways including Alox5 and Msr1 play an important role in regulating the self-renewal and differentiation of LSC. More efforts should be put into developing the novel strategies that may effectively target LSCs and thus cure CML.
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Hannum, Juliana Santos de Souza. "ACONSELHAMENTO GENÉTICO: ANÁLISE E CONTRIBUIÇÕES A PARTIR DO MODELO DO ACONSELHAMENTO PSICOLÓGICO." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2011. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/1784.
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Previous issue date: 2011-01-10The GC is defined as a clinical process dedicated to the understanding of the diagnosis of a genetic condition. The main objective of the GC is to guide individual comprehension of condition and its prognosis, though the risk of occurrence or recurrence of the disorder in the family to a final decision making regarding the genetic phenomenon. The current study aimed to analyze the model of Genetic Counseling (GC) performed by the staff of the Núcleo de Pesquisas Replicon in the Department of Biology at the Pontifical Catholic University of Goiás. Methodologically, the study included the observation of case management and data collection, performed by a semi-structured interviews and session observations of GC. The participants were a team of three health care professional with doctorate degrees in human genetics and training in GC, including one female and two males, aged 37, 41, and 45 y.o. As a consultant , a 36-year mother, half illiterate, caregiver and responsible for a child of eleven y.o., diagnosed with 47, XYY Syndrome, characterized by an aneuploidy (abnormal number) of the sex chromosomes in which a human male receives an extra Y chromosome. It sems that the GC involves a complex and intersubjective relationship regarding the genetic information. Also, the genetic information is not emotionally neutral causing anxiety, fear, and guilt in those associated with the condition. On the effective aspects, the results of our observations indicated that at the specific moment of revelation of the diagnosis, two poles (professional / consultant-family) are crystallized in the relationship of GC. Thus, emotional, defensive, and denial behavior arouse as a vital crisis, just as reported in the literature, leading to anguish as the preponderant feeling. The feedback of information from the interview and the analysis oof the GC process with the counselors and the team manager indicated that: 1) there was a dissonance between the theoretical proposition supported by the counselor and the action taken during the AG; 2) The counselor followed strictly the protocol for the GC, which makes it more difficult to manage patient s anguish, helplessness, guilt, and inability to manage their vital crisis; 3) the communication was made in technical language not accessible to the understanding of the consultant; 4) the necessity of considering the time to understand how a logical, not chronological time. In general, one can see that you lose focus of the GC, ie, the host of the field's existential subject. It is inferred that the guard of the principle of nondirectiveness and affective factors, such as anxiety, identification, and psychological defense restricted the disclosure of the diagnosis affecting the vital context of clarifying the questions involved in the GC. We concluded that both family and professionals can be affected by the impact of a vital crisis and therefore need support, understanding, and time so they can experience and develop the vital context of crisis. Moreover, it is fundamental to include a multidisciplinary team to work and develop strategies to accommodate all aspects of the process of Genetic Counseling.
O AG é definido como um processo de investigação clínica, voltado para o diagnóstico de uma condição genética e que visa à orientação sobre o prognóstico e riscos de ocorrências/recorrências das doenças genéticas para as famílias e/ou para os consulentes. O presente estudo teve por objetivo a análise do modelo de Aconselhamento Genético (AG) realizado pela equipe do Núcleo de Pesquisa Replicon do Departamento de Biologia da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás. O estudo contemplou o método de estudo de caso e a coleta foi realizada por meio de uma entrevista semi-estruturada e da observação de uma sessão de AG. Os participantes foram três profissionais biomédicos de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 40 e 45 anos e uma mãe de 36 anos, semi analfabeta, cuidadora responsável por uma criança de onze anos, com diagnóstico do 47, XYY, síndrome caracteriza do duplo Y. Verifica-se que o AG envolve uma relação intersubjetiva complexa e as informações de ordem genética não são emocionalmente neutras suscitam angústia, temores, culpas. Sobre os aspectos afetivos, os resultados indicam que no momento específico da revelação do diagnóstico, este cristaliza, nos dois pólos (profissional/consulente-familiar) da relação de AG, os aspectos emocionais e defensivos referidos na literatura das crises vitais, sendo a angústia o afeto preponderante. O cotejamento das informações da entrevista com o conselheiro e a análise do processo de AG indica que: 1) existe uma dissonância entre a proposição teórica sustentada pelo conselheiro e a ação praticada no AG; 2) percebe-se uma fixação ao protocolo do AG que implica em não acolhimento da angústia, do desamparo, da culpa e da inabilidade de gerir a crise vital; 3) a comunicação foi realizada em linguagem técnica não acessível à compreensão da responsável pelo consulente; 4) a necessidade de se pensar o tempo de compreender como um tempo lógico e não cronológico. De forma geral, percebe-se que perde-se o foco central do AG, ou seja, o acolher do campo existencial do sujeito. Infere-se que o resguardo do princípio da não-diretividade e os fatores afetivos (angústia, identificação) e a defesa psíquica (racionalização) restringiram a comunicação do diagnóstico comprometendo o esclarecimento do contexto vital do consulente. Conclui-se que as famílias e mesmo os profissionais podem ser afetados pelo impacto da crise vital, necessitando no caso da família de apoio, compreensão e tempo para que possam vivenciar e elaborar o contexto da crise vital e no caso dos conselheiros a inserção em uma equipe multidisciplinar que possa trabalhar e desenvolver estratégias que acomodem todos os aspectos envolvidos no processo de Aconselhamento Genético.
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Rutledge, Charles Jerry 1941. "Physiological Ecology, Population Genetic Responses and Assemblage Stability of Fishes in Two Southwestern Intermittent Stream Systems." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1991. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc277808/.
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Six sites within the Denton and Hickory Creek watersheds were sampled over three years to assess the impact of seasonal intermittent stream conditions on the ichthyofauna. An integrated approach using field and laboratory techniques was employed to evaluate the responses of the fishes.
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Pereira, Denise Rocha Pereira [UNESP]. "Consumismo e educação infantil: um estudo sobre crenças e hábitos de docentes e alunos." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/154332.
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O consumismo representa um sério problema da sociedade contemporânea que se baseia em valores materiais e atinge negativamente o processo de formação de identidade das crianças desde tenra idade. Nesse sentido, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo maior identificar aspectos envolvendo o consumismo em contextos da educação infantil, conhecendo crenças dos alunos e professores em relação às questões de consumismo e suas interfaces, identificando elementos da rotina escolar e as interações que ocorrem na sala de aula que possam remeter ao consumismo. Para atingir tais objetivos, foi realizado um estudo de caso integrado, com uma abordagem qualitativa-quantitativa em 10 salas de pré-escola de três escolas públicas de educação infantil, localizadas numa cidade do interior do estado de São Paulo. Os participantes foram dez professores do segundo ano da educação pré-escolar e 23 alunos também desta modalidade educativa, com idade de cinco anos de uma 11ª sala. Os instrumentos utilizados para a coleta foram entrevistas semiestruturadas e roteiros de observação. Para a observação das salas de aula, foi utilizado um roteiro preenchido pela pesquisadora, contemplando diferentes aspectos que caracterizavam o ambiente tais como decoração, brinquedos, materiais, conteúdos e interações. Aos docentes, foram aplicadas entrevistas semiestruturadas sobre práticas do cotidiano pedagógico e aspectos do consumismo. As crianças foram submetidas a uma entrevista semiestruturada por meio do método clínico-crítico, envolvendo primeiramente a realização de desenhos, e na sequência questões acerca do consumismo. Após a coleta de dados, realizamos a análise do conteúdo de forma qualitativa e quantitativa, com a organização de eixos temáticos sobre elementos que pudessem evidenciar a perspectiva dos professores e alunos a respeito do assunto. Os resultados demostraram que o ambiente escolar da educação infantil traz elementos que evidenciam o consumismo infantil, entre eles, a presença de personagens midiáticos em diferentes objetos, principalmente aqueles trazidos pelas próprias crianças; nas crenças de professores revela-se por vezes um princípio ingênuo acerca do consumismo, contudo, a maioria dos professores considera as crianças consumistas e acredita ser um assunto possível de ser trabalhado no currículo e não tenhamos detectado situações mais sistematizadas em que esse trabalho estivesse sendo desenvolvido. Foi possível observar, ainda, que as crianças de cinco anos já possuem crenças consumistas que refletem a condição pós-moderna às quais estão expostas revelando conhecimentos, comportamentos e interesse em artefatos da indústria cultural, como também foi possível diagnosticar a vulnerabilidade ao qual estão expostas. Diante disso, acreditamos na necessidade da alfabetização econômica nessa nova era, em novas linguagens, e que algumas práticas já existentes na educação infantil podem ser transformadas para a reflexão sobre o consumismo e que este estudo pode colaborar no desenvolvimento de um trabalho interdisciplinar sobre o consumismo nesta etapa de ensino, ressignificando conteúdos e metodologias já presentes, a partir de princípios construtivistas que respeitem a condição singular da criança e do seu desenvolvimento.
Consumerism represents an acute problem in contemporary society that is based on material values and that negatively affects the process of identity formation of children from an early age. In this sense, the present research is aimed to identify aspects involving the consumerism in contexts of child education by recognizing the beliefs of students and teachers in relation to the questions of consumerism and its interfaces and identifying elements of the school routine and the interactions that occur in classroom that can refer to consumerism. In order to achieve these objectives, an integrated case study, with a qualitative-quantitative approach, was conducted in ten pre-school classrooms of three public schools for children's education, located in a city in the countryside of the state of São Paulo. The participants were ten teachers from the second year of pre-school education and 23 students from this kind of education, aged five, coming from an 11th room. The instruments used for the collection were semi-structured interviews and observation scripts. For the observation of the classrooms, a script was filled by the researcher, contemplating different aspects that characterized the environment such as decoration, toys, materials, contents and interactions. The teachers applied semi-structured interviews on pedagogical practices and aspects of consumerism. The children were submitted to a semi-structured interview by means of the clinical-critical method, first involving drawings and in the sequence questions about consumerism. After the data collection, the content analysis was performed in a qualitative and quantitative way, with the organization of thematic axes on elements that could evidence the perspective of teachers and students regarding the subject. The results showed that the school environment of child education brings elements that evidence child consumption, among them, the presence of media characters in different objects, especially those brought by the children themselves; in teachers' beliefs it is sometimes revealed as a naïve principle about consumption, however, most teachers consider children as consumerists and believe that it is a possible subject to be worked in the curriculum although we have not detected more systematized situations in which this work was being developed. It was also possible to observe that the five-year-old children already have consumerist beliefs that reflect the post-modern condition to which they are exposed, and which reveals knowledge, behaviors and interests in cultural industry artifacts, as well as the vulnerability to which they are exposed. Given this, we believe in the need for economic literacy in this new era, in new languages. In addition, some existing practices in early childhood education can be transformed into a reflection on consumerism, and this study can collaborate in the development of an interdisciplinary work on consumerism in this stage of teaching, resignifying contents and methodologies already present, based on constructivist principles that respect the unique condition of children and their development.
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Sheumack, Michele Denise, and n/a. "StarLink(TM) Corn: A Case Study." Griffith University. School of Science, 2004. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20040401.151800.
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The 18 September 2000 disclosure that StarLink corn, a genetically engineered variety not approved for human consumption, had been detected in food was a seminal event in agricultural biotechnology. This thesis presents a comprehensive case study of the StarLink incident (part one), reviews the StarLink situation in terms of crisis management theory (part two) and develops crisis management theory using the StarLink incident as an example of a crisis (part three). Part one provides background information, then a meticulous day-by-day account of StarLink-related events. Part two presents a detailed overview of crisis management theory, then examines the StarLink situation in terms of pre-crisis (warning signals, preconditions for a crisis, crisis trigger), crisis (how Aventis, the biotechnology provider, managed the crisis and opinions concerning crisis handling) and post-crisis (lessons learned). Part three develops crisis management theory using the StarLink situation as an example of a crisis. It evaluates whether the StarLink incident possessed characteristics predicted for modern crises and suggests other factors which may become more prevalent and significant in future crises. The StarLink incident delivers certain practical lessons for managers, regulators and others and demonstrates a number of characteristics of modern crises.
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Silva, Ana Maria Formoso Cardoso e. "O percurso de um projeto de Oswald de Andrade = memória da criação de Marco Zero." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/270196.
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Orientador: Vera Maria ChalmersTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T22:48:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_AnaMariaFormosoCardosoe_D.pdf: 17284982 bytes, checksum: 7642e9a50dfe0c96ebd45a9e1a0b38e8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010
Resumo: Nos últimos vinte anos de sua vida, Oswald de Andrade esteve envolvido na escrita de Marco Zero, um ciclo de romances em que ele pretendia retratar a sociedade paulista após a crise de 1929. Apesar da grande divulgação do projeto na época, o trabalho desenvolvido nesses vinte anos permanece pouco estudado. Esta tese se propõe a estudar o percurso do projeto na extensão coberta pelos documentos produzidos no processo de criação do ciclo, que, em parte, se encontram no CEDAE-IEL/UNICAMP e permanecem pouco conhecidos. Embora lacunar, esse material, juntamente com outras fontes de informação, revela metamorfoses do projeto e também da forma como se organizou o trabalho, permitindo distinguir fases ao longo do período de escritura. Dos anos 30 ao início dos anos 40, o grande entusiasmo do escritor o fez ocupar quase uma centena de cadernos com rascunhos, esboços e notas para compor Marco Zero, além de publicar trechos em periódicos, mas os documentos que não se perderam ou foram destruídos não mostram um claro empenho direcionado à edição. Diferentemente, nos manuscritos de 1942 a 1944, é possível perceber um trabalho voltado a dar forma ao romance, o que resultou na publicação de dois volumes do ciclo (A Revolução Melancólica, de 1943, e Chão, de 1945). Após esse período, no entanto, o entusiasmo enfraqueceu e a escrita do terceiro volume se dispersou, sendo interrompida algumas vezes antes da morte de Oswald. Em todo esse percurso, é visível o fato de que não só a forma da narrativa é fragmentária, mas também a escrita foi produzida de modo fragmentário, com personagens que surgiram como vidas independentes e que depois seriam desbastadas, transformadas e misturadas a outras para se integrarem ao panorama social. A presente tese defende que a composição desse panorama foi fruto da sobreposição de fatos históricos, da interpretação da História pelo Partido Comunista e do enredo ficcional. Considerar a difícil conjugação desses elementos pode ajudar a compreender a forma do romance e o inacabamento do ciclo depois de tantos anos dedicado à sua criação.
Abstract: Oswald de Andrade spent the last two decades of his life writing Marco Zero, a cycle of five novels in which he intended to depict São Paulo?s society after the crisis of 1929. Although it had a great repercussion at the time, the Marco Zero project has deserved little attention so far. This thesis studies the history of this project by analysing the material produced during the creation process of the cycle, part of which can be found in CEDAE-IEL/UNICAMP and which remains unknown until now. Although incomplete, this material, together with other sources of information, reveals that both the project and the organization of the work underwent changes, which allow us to distinguish three phases in its long writing process. First, from the 1930?s to the early 1940?s, the writer filled up with great enthusiasm almost a hundred notebooks with drafts, sketches and notes and published passages of Marco Zero in periodicals. Nevertheless, the little amount of unpublished documents that were not lost or destructed are not sufficient to conclude that Oswald de Andrade was working on a book edition. In contrary to the first phase, the manuscripts of the second phase, produced between 1942 and 1944, show an attempt to accomplish a novel, which resulted in the publication of two volumes of the cycle: A Revolução Melancólica (1943) and Chão (1945). After this, however, Andrade?s enthusiasm with the project decreased, and the writing of the third volume, which seemed to have no clear direction, was interrupted a few times before his death. It is possible to conclude from the creation process of Marco Zero that both the montage of the narrative and the writing were fragmentary. For instance, some characters, which had been previously created as independent individuals, were later reduced, transformed and mixed with others to complete the social panorama. This thesis argues that the composition of this panorama was a product of the superposition of certain elements: historical facts, the interpretation of the History by the Communist Party and the ficcional plot. It is believed that the investigation of Andrade's difficulties to put together these elements can contribute to understand the form of the two published novels and why the cycle made of five novels was not finished even after many years devoted to its creation.
Doutorado
Teoria e Critica Literaria
Doutor em Teoria e História Literária
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Orsini, Sarah. "Les "Carmina" de Pascoli : édition traduite et commentée d'une sélection de poèmes latins et édition numérique d'une sélection de brouillons." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE2090.
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Giovanni Pascoli (1855-1912) est un classique de la littérature italienne. Poète bilingue écrivant en italien et en latin, il s’est illustré dans le domaine de la littérature néo-latine en composant des poèmes qui ont remporté le certamen poeticum hoeufftianum. Son œuvre latine, les Carmina, est méconnue en France. Le premier objectif de cette recherche doctorale est de proposer une édition bilingue traduite et commentée d’une sélection des poèmes latins de Pascoli, accessible à un public français non spécialiste de littérature latine ou italienne. Nous avons tenté de sélectionner des poèmes de formes variées (poèmes narratifs, épigrammes, odes dédicatoires) afin de donner au lecteur un aperçu de ce que pourrait être une édition intégrale des Carmina. Nous avons présenté en introduction les éléments biographiques et les diverses aspects esthétiques et linguistiques de la poésie pascolienne susceptibles de faciliter la compréhension des textes. Nous y proposons également une analyse de l’expérience poétique que représente pour Pascoli le fait d’écrire en latin et de situer cette pratique par rapport à ses contemporains. Nous avons en outre essayé autant que possible d’étudier la poésie latine de Pascoli au contact de sa poésie italienne. Le second aspect de cette thèse porte sur le caractère posthume de cette œuvre, éditée par la sœur du poète, Maria Pascoli avec l’aide du philologue Ermenegildo Pistelli. Le poète n’ayant pas eu le temps de proposer une structuration de son œuvre en recueil, les poèmes latins sont organisés selon des sections thématiques qui ne sont pas toujours satisfaisantes (par exemple, les épigrammes sont éditées sans logique d’organisation dans une section rassemblant tous les poèmes de forme brève ou les poèmes qui n’ont pu être classés dans les sections thématiques). Grâce à la numérisation de l’ensemble des brouillons de G. Pascoli, nous avons pu explorer les ébauches de plans réalisés par l’auteur, et nous proposons dans l’introduction de cette thèse deux recueils possibles : le premier organisé selon la chronologie de l’écriture, le second organisé selon la chronologie des faits représentés. Notre édition commentée des Carmina est présentée selon la première organisation, afin d’offrir un aperçu de l’écriture de Pascoli comme un processus qui a évolué au fil du temps. Cette étude du processus de l’écriture pascolienne, nous l’avons également menée à l’échelle du poème, dans le détail de la composition. Nous avons réalisé une édition génétique XML-TEI d’un dossier de brouillons, celui du poème Crepereia Tryphaena. Dans cette édition, nous avons décrit avec une très grande précision les gestes d’écriture visibles sur la page (ajouter, supprimer, substituer, déplacer, réécrire une nouvelle version) et nous avons tenté, quand cela était possible d’analyser les opérations mentales qui ont provoqué ces gestes. Nous avons en outre tenté de reconstituer la chronologie de l’écriture de chaque brouillon, afin de créer un prototype d’édition qui permette de lire les brouillons de poésie en affichant le texte une campagne d’écriture après l’autre et de visualiser les modifications apportées par l’auteur jusqu’à l’échelle de la lettre. Grâce à cette édition, nous avons pu analyser dans le détail les étapes de composition, les méthodes employées par l’auteur et les gestes effectués pour mener à bien son projet, et nous livrons les résultats de cette analyse à la fin de l’introduction de cette thèseGiovanni Pascoli (1855-1912) is a classic of Italian literature. A bilingual poet writing in Italian and Latin. He has distinguished himself in the field of Neo-Latin literature by composing poems awarded in the certamen poeticum hoeufftianum. His Latin work, the Carminas, is almost unknown in France. The first objective of this doctoral research is to propose a bilingual edition, translated and commented, of a selection of Pascoli's Latin poems, accessible to a French audience not specialised in Latin or Italian literature. We have tried to select poems of various forms (narrative poems, epigrams, dedications odes) in order to give the reader an idea of what a complete edition of the Carmina could be like. In the introduction, we presented the biographical elements and the various aesthetic and linguistic aspects of Pascolian poetry that could facilitate the understanding of the texts. We also offer an analysis of the practice consisting in writing in Latin as a poetic experiment, and tried to situated this practice in relation to his contemporaries. We also tried as much as possible to study Pascoli's Latin poetry in relation to his Italian poetry. The second aspect of this thesis concerns the posthumous nature of this work, edited by the poet's sister, Maria Pascoli, with the help of philologist Ermenegildo Pistelli. Since the poet did not have time to propose a structure of his work in a collection, the Latin poems are organized according to thematic sections that are not always satisfactory (for example, the epigrams are published without organizational logic in a section containing all the short poems or the poems that could not be classified in the thematic sections). The digitization of all of G. Pascoli's drafts enabled us to explore the drafts of the author's plans, and we propose two possible collections in the introduction to this thesis: the first organized according to the chronology of the writing, the second organized according to the chronology of the facts represented. Our commented edition of the Carmina is presented according to the first organization, in order to offer an overview of Pascoli's writing as a process that has evolved over time. This study of the Pascholian writing process was also carried out at the poem level, in the detail of the composition. We made an XML-TEI genetic edition of a draft folder, that of the poem Crepereia Tryphaena. In this edition, we have described with great precision the writing gestures visible on the page (add, delete, substitute, move, rewrite a new version) and we have tried, when possible, to analyze the mental operations that caused these gestures. We have also tried to reconstruct the chronology of the writing of each draft, in order to create an editing prototype that allows us to read the drafts of poetry by displaying the text one writing campaign after the other and to visualize the modifications made by the author up to the scale of the letter. Thanks to this edition, we were able to analyse in detail the composition steps, the methods used by the author and the gestures made to carry out his project, and we deliver the results of this analysis at the end of the introduction of this thesis
Giovanni Pascoli (1855-1912) fa parte dei classici della letteratura italiana. Poeta bilingue scrivendo in italiano e in latino, è diventato famoso nell’ambito della letteratura neolatina per avere composto poemi premiati o lodati quasi ogni anno dal 1892 al certamenpoeticum hoeufftianum. La sua opera latina, i Carmina, è sconosciuta in Francia.Il primo obbiettivo di questa ricerca dottorale è di proporre un’edizione bilingue tradotta e commentata di una selezione dei poemi latini del Pascoli e di rendere quest’edizione accessibile a un lettorato francese che non sia specialista né di letteratura latina né di letteratura italiana. Abbiamo provato a selezionare poemi di forme varie (poemi narrativi, epigrammi, odi dedicatorie) per poter dare al lettore una visione d’insieme di quello che potrebbe essere un’edizione integrale dei Carmina. Abbiamo presentato in introduzioneelementi biografici e vari aspetti estectici e linguistici della poesia pascoliana suscettibili di agevolare la comprensione dei testi. Ci presentiamo anche un’analysi delle modalità della scrittura in latino come esperienza poetica, ambientando questa pratica nel contesto culturale in cui scriveva il Pascoli. Abbiamo inoltre provato a studiare la poesia latina del Pascoi al contatto di quella italiana.Il secondo aspetto di questa tesi riguarda il carattere postumo dei Carmina, la cui edizione princeps è stata realizzata da Maria Pascoli e Ermenegildo Pistelli. Il poeta non ha avuto il tempo di raggruppare i suoi poemi in una raccolta strutturata, quindi i Carmina sono stati organizzati in sezioni tematiche che non sono sempre soddisfacenti (per esempio, gli epigrammi sono pubblicati senza logica di organizzazione in una sezione ragruppando poemi di forma breve e poemi che non entravano nei temi delle sezioni). Grazie alla digitalizzazione dell’insieme delle carte di G. Pascoli, abbiamo potuto esplorare i tentativi di strutturazionedell’opera realizzati dal poeta, e proponiamo nell’introduzione di questa testi due strutture possibili : la prima secondo la cronologia della scrittura, e l’altra secondo la cronologia dei fatti rappresentati. Abbiamo scelto per presentare l’edizione commentata dei Carmina la prima struttura, per permettere di visualizzare la scrittura dei Carmina come un processo che ha evoluto nel tempo.Questo studio del processo della scrittura pascoliana, l’abbiamo anche portato al livello del poema, nel dettaglio della composizione. Abbiamo costituito un’edizione genetica XMLTEI di una cartella di carte, quella del poema Crepereia Tryphaena. In questa edizione, abbiamo descritto con una massima precisione possibile i gesti di scrittura visibili sulla pagina (aggiungere, cancellare, sostituire, spostare, riscrivere una nuova versione), e abbiamo tentato, quando era possibile, di analizzare le operazioni mentali che hanno provocato questi gesti. Inoltre, abbiamo provato a ricostituire la cronologia della scrittura di ogni carta, percreare un prototipo di edizione che permetta di leggere le carte di una poesia facendo apparire una stesura dopo l’altra, e permettendo di visualizzare le modifiche fino al livello della lettera. Grazie a quest’edizione abbiamo potuto analizzare precisamente le varie tappe della composizione di poesia, i metodi usati dall’autore et i gesti effettuati per condurre il suo progetto creativo. Presentiamo i risultati di quest’analisi alla fine dell’introduzione della tesi
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Santos, Paula Constante Silva. "Arquitetura e cinema em processo. Um estudo comparativo entre o criar e produzir arquitetônico e cinematográfico." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16134/tde-03082012-140104/.
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Esta dissertação trata das possíveis aproximações entre os campos da arquitetura e do cinema a partir de seus processos de criação e produção. Sob a luz dos estudos genéticos sobre o processo de criação artística foram realizadas entrevistas com arquitetos e cineastas com o objetivo de observar como acontece o criar e o produzir de seus objetos, isto é, o arquiteto quando projeta e constrói, o cineasta quando roteiriza e produz um filme. A partir destes relatos e dos registros de outros autores em relação aos seus processos, colhidos em fontes diversas, foram levantas semelhanças e contrapontos entre o criar e fazer arquitetônico e cinematográfico.This present work is about the possible similarities between architecture and cinema through their creation and production processes. Under the scope of genetic criticism about the artistic creation process, several interviews were made with architects and filmmakers aiming the observation on how the object\'s creation and production happens, i.e., when the architect designs the project and builds it, and when the filmmaker writes the script and produces it. Based on these interviews and on reports made by other authors describing their own processes, similarities and differences were found between the creation and production in those two fields (architecture and cinema).
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Chaplin, Letícia da Costa. "De ausências & distâncias te construo : a poesia de Caio Fernando Abreu." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/27153.
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O presente trabalho caracteriza-se por apresentar, pela primeira vez, uma vertente pouco conhecida do escritor gaúcho Caio Fernando Abreu: a poesia. Essa pesquisa participa das discussões levantadas pela Crítica Genética, centrando-se na organização dos manuscritos dos 116 poemas, praticamente todos inéditos, visando a uma publicação, e no acompanhamento do percurso criativo do poeta. Para tanto, essa tese se estrutura em três etapas: fixação dos poemas; estudo das campanhas de escritura através de poemas representativos; análise dos temas da falta, do olhar e da memória, fundamentada nas reflexões de Walter Benjamin, principalmente em Sobre alguns temas em Baudelaire. Nossa proposta é articular a poesia de Caio F. e as discussões acerca de seu processo de escritura, ampliando o olhar da Crítica Genética sobre a produção poética e as possibilidades de abordagens da obra do escritor gaúcho.This work is characterized by the presentation, for the first time, of an unknown ability of the brazilian writer Caio Fernando Abreu: the poetry. This research considers the discussions raised by Genetic Criticism, focusing on the organization of the manuscripts of the 116 poems, which most of them are unpublished poems, leading to an organized publication of them and to the creative course of the poet. For such, this work is organized in three steps: i) setting of poems; ii) study of the movements of writing considering representative poems and iii) the analysis of the themes: the absence, the view and the memory, based on the reflections of Walter Benjamin, mainly in On Some Motifs of Baudelaire. This proposal is to articulate the poetry of Caio F. and the discussions concerning his writing process, enlarging the view of the Genetic Criticism about his poetical work and the possibilities of considering the legacy of this writer from south Brazil.
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Jouffroy, Olivier. ""El Maquiavelismo degollado" (1636-37) de Claude Clément, édition et étude : l'évolution d'une pensée politique entre mondes ancien et moderne." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCC023/document.
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El maquiavelismo degollado est un défi lancé à tous les hommes de pouvoir tentés de suivre la voie pragmatique de Machiavel plutôt que celle tracée par l’Église catholique romaine ; son auteur, Claude Clément, fut alors considéré comme le plus radical des penseurs de l’anti-machiavélisme. Son œuvre n’a pourtant jamais été rééditée et reste mal connue probablement parce qu’elle est composée de trois textes publiés dans deux langues différentes et que sa version espagnole semble bien être une réécriture plutôt qu’une simple traduction. Parsemée de reproductions de documents, enrichie de nombreuses allusions, de citations parfois cachées, l’œuvre de Claude Clément se veut un recueil de la pensée politique de son temps. À l’aide de bases de données numériques, ce travail se donne pour objectif d’établir le texte du Maquiavelismo degollado dans sa diversité, d’expliquer les grands mécanismes de son évolution et de comprendre sa position dans le réseau des sources qui l’influencentEl maquiavelismo degollado sounds as a challenge to all statesmen who could be tempted to follow the pragmatic way shown by Machiavelli rather than by the Roman Catholic Church. Then, Claude Clément was considered as a champion of the radical line in the anti-Machiavellian school of thought; however, the book has never been republished and, therefor, is not very well known. El maquiavelismo degollado is not a unique work knowing that three different books have been published, using two different languages and that the Spanish version really seems to be a re-written text rather than a simple translation. Scattered with reproductions of foreign documents, enriched with many allusions, quotations, some of them hidden away, this work seems to be a miscellany of political theories of its time. Using digital databases, this study attempts first to establish the text of El maquiavelismo degollado respecting its complexity, then to explain the main mechanism of its evolution from one version to the other and finally to determine how other works could have influenced it
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Dos, Santos Thierry Proença. "De Ilhéus a Canga, de Horácio Bento de Gouveia : a narrativa e as suas (re)escritas (com uma proposta de edição crítico-genética e com uma tradução parcial do romance para francês)." Paris 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA030121.
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Bien que l’écrivain Horácio Bento de Gouveia n’ait jamais théorisé ce concept, ce qui impressionne le plus dans son oeuvre est, en effet, la tentative de décrire et de définir l’ « insularité de Madère », par le biais d’une pratique discursive et d’un choix de thèmes qui indiquent cette notion. Outre que le premier roman de l’auteur soit, probablement, le plus illustratif de ce que nous venons d’énoncer, notre choix se doit au fait qu’il constitue un sujet fécond – grâce au matériel existant autour de lui et le potentiel littéraire et linguistique qu’il insère -, avec une incidence spéciale, en ce qui concerne sa variation, son histoire éditoriale. Faire l’histoire du récit, une étude de ses transformations, aussi bien intratextuelles qu’intertextuelles ou encore intersémiotiques, représente ce que nous avons pensé mener à terme, nous basant sur un projet d’édition critique du roman pour, ensuite, le traduire partiellement en français. Dans le fond, ce qui nous a importé a été de réfléchir, basé sur l’étude du corpus établi et sur la pratique de la traduction, sur la question de la réécriture, de la reformulation littéraire et de la transcodification vers d’autres langages artistiques. De ce travail a surgi un essai, dans lequel nous avons détaché les fondements pour une théorie de la réécriture, de la reformulation du mode narratif en accord avec la nouvelle motivation sous-jacente au projet défini et avec le support de médiation adoptéThe work of Horácio Bento de Gouveia is a cornerstone in the process of the statement of a Maderian identity and a segment of Portuguese Literature yet to be fully explored. His first novel was chosen because of its fruitful subject. It was initially entitled Ilhéus (1949, 1960) and later, after significant remodelling, called Canga (1975). In truth, besides its literary and linguistic potential which is revealing of Bento de Gouveia’s poetics, there is some rather interesting material surrounding this novel in what relates to its textual variation, its editorial history and its transversality into other artistic domains. Based on the established corpus, on the fixation and interpretation of the text of the novel and on the translation, the guideline of this research was set on the reflections about the problematics of rewriting, of literary reformulation and of transcodification into other artistic language. This work resulted in an essay where the basis for a rewriting theory was emphasized. The reformulation of the narrative mode stems, on the other hand, from the demands of the adopted medium. In volume 2, the first part entitled “Projectos” includes the proposal of a critical-genetic edition of Ilhéus I Canga, with an introduction, annotations to the novel and a glossary, a French translation of the first part of the novel and some material pertaining to the adaptations. The second part, which is entitled “Dossier”, includes a chronological synopsis of the life and works of Bento de Gouveia and various documents such as the chronicles blended into the novel, the correspondence from the editor to the author, newspaper clippings about the colonia issue and photographs
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Pannard, Myriam. "Exploration de l’expérience vécue et de la mise en sens des enjeux éthiques et psychosociaux lies aux innovations technologiques et thérapeutiques en oncogénétique : une approche critique." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE2118/document.
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L'oncogénétique, l'étude des prédispositions héréditaires au cancer, constitue une discipline médicale dynamique, faisant l'objet de nombreuses innovations, tant technologiques que thérapeutiques. Les progrès scientifiques en oncogénétique rendent le recours aux tests génétiques à la fois moins coûteux, plus rapide et plus efficace, ce qui soulève ou réactualise paradoxalement de nombreux enjeux éthiques et psychosociaux tels que la capacité des patients à formuler un consentement éclairé ou le risque de dérives liées à des mésusages des tests génétiques. Face à ces changements, nous avons choisi d’explorer la façon dont est mobilisée l'expérience vécue ou projetée dans la mise en sens des enjeux éthiques et psychosociaux liés aux innovations technologiques et thérapeutiques en oncogénétique. Ce travail de recherche, résolument ancré en psychologie sociale, s'inscrit dans une approche critique des questions de santé où sont interrogés à la fois les besoins, attentes et contraintes des professionnels et usagers du système de soins, et les relations de pouvoir qui s'exercent tant au niveau interindividuel qu'au niveau plus large des politiques de santé. C'est grâce à la notion d'expérience vécue ou projetée que nous avons cherché à comprendre la façon dont les individus font sens de leur monde, et plus particulièrement des évolutions qui touchent l'oncogénétique. L'expérience, nécessairement sociale et socialement construite, est multidimensionnelle, nous proposons d'investiguer plus particulièrement trois de ces dimensions : - une dimension pratique centrée sur l’étude des relations soignants-patients, - une dimension de connaissances étudiée au travers de la négociation des connaissancesexpertes et du savoir de sens commun grâce à la théorie des représentations sociales, - et enfin une dimension émotionnelle envisagée sous l'angle des phénomènes de partage social des émotions et de régulation émotionnelle.Afin de répondre à ces objectifs, deux études complémentaires reposant sur des méthodologies qualitatives ont été mises en place dans une perspective de triangulation des données. La première étude a visé à investiguer la mise en sens des pratiques professionnelles ainsi que la façon dont les soignants se projettent dans un champ disciplinaire en pleine transition et dans leurs pratiques futures. Nous avons mené des entretiens semi-directifs auprès de 27 professionnels en oncogénétique (oncogénéticiens et conseillers en génétique). Les données recueillies ont fait l'objet d'une analyse interprétative phénoménologique (IPA) adaptée à un large échantillon sur les données recueillies, en nous appuyant sur le logiciel d'aide à l'analyse N-Vivo. La seconde étude avait pour objectif d'explorer la co-construction des représentations liées aux nouveaux usages de l'oncogénétique, ainsi que d'étudier l'impact de la l'expérience vécue sur la compréhension des enjeux éthiques liés àl'oncogénétique. Dix focus groups, reposant principalement sur la résolution de dilemmes éthiques, ont été réalisés auprès de 18 femmes ayant l'expérience d'au moins une consultation en oncogénétique et 21 femmes n'ayant pas d'expérience similaire, toutes recrutées par le biais de la plateforme Les Seintinelles, qui constitue une communauté d'intérêt autour du cancer. Une analyse inspirée de l'IPA a été réalisée sur les données ainsi recueillies avec appui sur le logiciel N-Vivo.Notre recherche a permis de souligner le caractère résolument social de la recherche de prédispositions génétiques en oncologie. L’oncogénétique est définie socialement autour de deux de ces objectifs : permettre de mettre en place des mesures de prévention destinées aux individus porteurs d’une mutation génétique, et donner une explication à une histoire familiale de cancerGenetic testing for cancer, which aims to identify hereditary predispositions to cancer, is a dynamic medical field, where many technological and therapeutic innovations emerge. Scientific progress allows genetic testing to be both less expensive, faster and more efficient, which paradoxically raises new ethical and psychosocial issues, such as the patient’s ability to give informedconsent, or the risk of misuses of genetic testing. These changes led us to explore how lived experience is mobilized in the process of making sense of the ethical and psychosocial issues related to innovations in the field of genetic testing of cancer. This research, anchored in social psychology, is based on a critical approach of health issues, which questions the needs, expectations and constraints of health professionals and patients, and the power relationships that take place both at the interindividual level and, on a larger scale, within health policies. Based on the theoretical notion of lived experience, we aimed to understand how individuals make sense of their world, and more particularly of innovations in the field of genetic testing. Lived experience, necessarily social and socially constructed, has many dimensions, among which we chose to investigate the following three: - A practical dimension, based on the study of doctor patient-relationship, - A knowledge dimension, investigated through the negotiation of expert knowledge and common sense thanks to the social representations theory, - And an emotional dimension, based on the study of the phenomena of emotion regulation and social sharing of emotions.Based on the principles of methodological and data triangulation, our exploration was based on two complementary qualitative studies. The first study aimed to investigate sense making processes related to professional activities and how health professionals working in genetic testing for cancer imagine their future and the future of genetic testing. We led 27 semi-structured interviews with genetic counsellors and clinical geneticists. An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was performed analyze the data gathered, with the assistance of N-Vivo software. The second study aimed to explore the co-construction of representations related to new uses to genetic testing of cancer, and to investigate the impact of lived experience on the understanding of ethical issues related to genetic testing. We led ten focus groups, based mostly on the resolution of ethical dilemmas, with 18 women who attended at least one genetic counselling consultation, and 21 women who did not have a similar experience. All women were recruited thanks to the online collaborative research platform “Les Seintinelles”, which constitutes a cancer related community of interest.This research allowed us to highlight the social nature of genetic testing of cancer. This medical field is defined by two main goals: allowing carriers of genetic predisposition to undergo preventive measures, and making sense of a family history of cancer. Genetic counselling professionals report a high level of personal involvement in their work and emotion regulation strategies acquired on purpose and based on a strict division between their personal and professional life. The acknowledgement oftheir professional skills and the perceived quality of their relationships with their patients contribute highly to the work-related satisfaction of genetic testing professionals. The doctor-patient relationship is structured by an ideal of non-directivity, which can be questioned by the need to accompany and protect the patients, who are considered as vulnerable. Because of the risks of misuses of genetic testing, the strict legislation related to these practices in France is most often considered as valuable.Clinical geneticists and genetic counsellors are considered the most likely to provide genetic testing within an ethical framework
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Martin, Romain. "Conception d’une architecture robuste pour l’acquisition de grandeurs physiques dans un système aéronautique critique : application à la mesure de température, pression, couple, et vitesse d’une turbomachine." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0060/document.
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L’acquisition de paramètres physiques tels que la température, la pression, le couple et la vitesse est nécessaire aux systèmes aéronautiques critiques afin d’atteindre et d’assurer les performances requises de disponibilité et de sécurité de fonctionnement. L’acquisition de ces paramètres physiques nécessite donc la mise en oeuvre de technologies et de techniques hautement éprouvées pouvant supporter les conditions de fonctionnement sévères.L'objectif des travaux présentés dans ce mémoire est de proposer une nouvelle architecture de chaîne d'acquisition de grandeurs physiques pour être intégrée à un système aéronautique critique. Le but de cette architecture est d'améliorer l'intégrité des données mesurées tout en maintenant leur disponibilité et le niveau de sûreté de fonctionnement propre aux systèmes aéronautiques de haute criticité. La solution se déploie sous la forme d'une amélioration de la tolérance aux défauts de la chaîne de traitement du signal issu du capteur. Pour ce faire, nous intégrons des fonctions supplémentaires, dont le modèle mathématique de la chaîne d'acquisition, rendant ainsi le système plus intelligent.Dans le cadre de nos travaux de recherche, nous nous appuyons sur les spécifications techniques d'un projet industriel typique des systèmes aéronautiques critiques, qui est le coeur de notre thématique principaleThe acquisition of physical parameters as such as temperature, pressure, torque, and speed are necessary to flight critical systems in order to reach and ensure safety and availability required. Consequently, it requires implementing high technologies and techniques which are able to work in rugged environments.The aim of our work is to design a new architecture for sensor acquisition systems in order to be integrated onto a flight critical system. The goal of the architecture is to ensure data integrity, system's availability and safety relative to airborne critical systems. The solution adds the fault tolerance ability to the signal conditioning. Consequently, we implement additional functionalities, as such as mathematical model of the signal conditioning, in order to make the acquisition system more intelligent.Our research work is partially based on technical specifications from SYRENA project, which is a typical example of flight critical systems, which is the main thematic of our purpose
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Raudenská, Lenka. "Metriky a kriteria pro diagnostiku sociotechnických systémů." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233879.
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This doctoral thesis is focused on metrics and the criteria for socio-technical system diagnostics, which is a high profile topic for companies wanting to ensure the best in product quality. More and more customers are requiring suppliers to prove reliability in the production and supply quality of products according to given specifications. Consequently the ability to produce quality goods corresponding to customer requirements has become a fundamental condition in order to remain competitive. The thesis firstly lays out the basic strategies and rules which are prerequisite for a successful working company in order to ensure provision of quality goods at competitive costs. Next, methods and tools for planning are discussed. Planning is important in its impact on budget, time schedules, and necessary sourcing quantification. Risk analysis is also included to help define preventative actions, and reduce the probability of error and potential breakdown of the entire company. The next part of the thesis deals with optimisation problems, which are solved by Swarm based optimisation. Algorithms and their utilisation in industry are described, in particular the Vehicle routing problem and Travelling salesman problem, used as tools for solving specialist problems within manufacturing corporations. The final part of the thesis deals with Qualitative modelling, where solutions can be achieved with less exact quantitative information of the surveyed model. The text includes qualitative algebra descriptions, which discern only three possible values – positive, constant and negative, which are sufficient in the demonstration of trends. The results can also be conveniently represented using graph theory tools.
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Cheng, Shufu, and 鄭書甫. "Application of Genetic Algorithms and NeuralNetwork on Financial Crisis Prediction." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/47730540264073187698.
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碩士長榮大學
經營管理研究所
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As the frequency of enterprise financial crisis gets higher, early warnings of financial crisis are paid more and more attention. There have been studies on financial crisis early-warning models for several years. This study first collated and analyzed many commonly-used financial early-warning models. Secondly, predictions of financial crisis were carried out by means of three kinds of models, i.e. Logit model, artificial neural network model and genetic algorithm model, and then the results of the predictions were compared. The results showed that the accuracy predicted by the artificial neural network model was the highest; in the whole period of prediction, the accuracy rate was up to 97.5%. The second high prediction accuracy was by genetic algorithm with an accuracy rate 81%. The accuracy rate of the Logit model prediction was lower than of the other two. This study further performed variable correction on the genetic algorithm model to compare the results of financial predictions before and after correction. The results showed that before the financial crisis during the previous two years before the financial crisis, the accuracy by the revised genetic algorithm model was higher than before correction, while the accuracy was lower than that by the unrevised genetic algorithm model in the period of the time three years before the financial prediction and in the whole period of time. The prediction accuracy by the revised genetic algorithm model still could not get over the neural network model. In conclusion, of the various kinds of models disused here, the artificial neural network model demonstrated the highest accuracy prediction of financial crisis. Keywords: genetic algorithm, artificial neural network, financial crisis prediction
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Singer, Ruth Arielah. "Long noncoding RNAs are critical regulators of pancreatic islet development and function." Thesis, 2019. https://doi.org/10.7916/d8-nnax-mb40.
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Diabetes is a complex group of metabolic disorders with genetic, immunological, and environmental etiologies. Decades of diabetes research have elucidated many genetic drivers of normal islet function and dysfunction. Furthermore, genome wide associated studies (GWAS) have discovered that most diabetes susceptibility loci fall outside of coding regions, which suggests a role for noncoding elements in the development of disease. This highlights our incomplete understanding of the islet regulome and suggests the need for detailed functional analyses of noncoding genes to precisely determine their contribution to diabetes susceptibility and disease progression. Transcriptome analyses have revealed that the eukaryotic genome is pervasively transcribed. Strikingly, only a small proportion of the transcriptome is subsequently translated into protein; the majority is made up non-protein coding RNAs (ncRNAs). The most abundant class of these ncRNAs are called long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), defined as transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides that lack protein-coding potential. The establishment of lncRNAs, once dismissed as genomic dark matter, as essential gene regulators in many biological processes has redefined the central role for RNA in cells. While evidence suggests a role for lncRNAs in islets and diabetes, in vivo functional characterization of islet lncRNAs is lacking.
For my thesis project, I sought to understand the lncRNA regulatory mechanisms that promote pancreas development and function. We conducted comparative transcriptome analyses between embryonic mouse pancreas and adult mouse islets and identified several pancreatic lncRNAs that lie in close proximity to essential pancreatic transcription factors. One of the candidate lncRNAs, Pax6 Upstream Antisense RNA (Paupar), mapped near Pax6, a gene encoding an essential pancreatic regulatory protein. We demonstrate Paupar is enriched in glucagon-producing alpha cells where it promotes the alternative splicing of Pax6 to an isoform required for activation of essential alpha cell genes. Consistently, deletion of Paupar in mice resulted in dysregulation of Pax6 alpha cell target genes and corresponding alpha cell dysfunction. These findings illustrate a distinct mechanism by which lncRNAs can contribute to cell-specific regulation of broadly expressed transcription factors to coordinate critical functions within a cell.
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Killela, Patrick J. "Genetic Studies Identify Critical Biomarkers and Refine the Classification of Malignant Gliomas." Diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10161/9080.
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Gliomagenesis is driven by a complex network of genetic alterations and while the glioma genome has been a focus of investigation for many years; critical gaps in our knowledge of this disease remain. The identification of novel molecular biomarkers remains a focus of the greater cancer community as a method to improve the consistency and accuracy of pathological diagnosis. In addition, novel molecular biomarkers are drastically needed for the identification of targets that may ultimately result in novel therapeutics aimed at improving glioma treatment. Through the identification of new biomarkers, laboratories will focus future studies on the molecular mechanisms that underlie glioma development. Here, we report a series of genomic analyses identifying novel molecular biomarkers in multiple histopathological subtypes of glioma and refine the classification of malignant gliomas. We have completed a large scale analysis of the WHO grade II-III astrocytoma exome and report frequent mutations in the chromatin modifier, alpha thalassemia mental retardation x-linked (
Dissertation
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謝可欣. "A study on the 7th graders' critical reading comprehension about genetic news." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/97589777038433602492.
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LaCombe, Jonathan M. "DYRK1A-Related Trabecular Defects in Male Ts65Dn Mice Emerge During a Critical Developmental Window." Thesis, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7912/C2/39.
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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)Down syndrome (DS) is a complex genetic disorder caused by the triplication of human chromosome 21 (Hsa21). The presence of an extra copy of an entire chromosome greatly disrupts the copy number and expression of over 350 protein coding genes. This gene dosage imbalance has far-reaching effects on normal development and aging, leading to cognitive and skeletal defects that emerge earlier in life than the general population. The present study begins by characterizing skeletal development in young male Ts65Dn mice to test the hypothesis that skeletal defects in male Ts65Dn mice are developmental in nature.Femurs from young mice ranging from postnatal day 12- to 42-days of age (P12-42) were measured and analyzed by microcomputed tomography (μCT). Cortical defects were present generally throughout development, but trabecular defects emerged at P30 and persisted until P42. The gene Dual-specificity tyrosine-regulated kinase 1a (Dyrk1a) is triplicated in both DS and in Ts65Dn mice and has been implicated as a putative cause of both cognitive and skeletal defects. To test the hypothesis that trisomic Dyrk1a is related to the emergence of trabecular defects at P30, expression of Dyrk1a in the femurs of male Ts65Dn mice was quantified by qPCR. Expression was shown to fluctuate throughout development and overexpression generally aligned with the emergence of trabecular defects at P30. The growth rate in trabecular measures between male Ts65Dn and euploid littermates was similar between P30 and P42, suggesting a closer look into cellular mechanisms at P42. Assessment of proliferation of BMSCs, differentiation and activity of osteoblasts showed no significant differences between Ts65Dn and euploid cellular activity, suggesting that the cellular microenvironment has a greater influence on cellular activity than genetic background. These data led to the hypothesis that reduction of Dyrk1a gene expression and pharmacological inhibition of DYRK1A could be executed during a critical period to prevent the emergence of trabecular defects at P30. To tests this hypothesis, doxycycline-induced cre-lox recombination to reduce Dyrk1a gene copy number or the DYRK1A inhibitor CX-4945 began at P21. The results of both genetic and pharmacological interventions suggest that trisomic Dyrk1a does not influence the emergence of trabecular defects up to P30. Instead, data suggest that the critical window for the rescue of trabecular defects lies between P30 and P42.