Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Critical criminology'
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Copson, Lynne Joanna. "Archaeologies of harm : criminology, critical criminology, zemiology." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.540895.
Full textGuebert, Karl. "Student Discipline and Neoliberal Governance: A Critical Criminology of Education." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/32231.
Full textShwani, Hazim G. "Critical infrastructure protection." Thesis, Utica College, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1555605.
Full textThis research study focused on identifying the protection of critical infrastructures and enhancing cybersecurity. The most recent cyber practice that is in place to protect critical infrastructures was also explored. From the literature review, it was concluded there are security loopholes in critical infrastructures. The study also uncovered that the federal government uses the newest cybersecurity tools, but does not share cyber vulnerabilities and risks with the private sector operating the infrastructures. The study also included an in-depth examination of Congressional documents pertaining to cybersecurity. However, it concluded that implementing rules and regulations is an ardouous step for the US Congress due to conflicts of interest. Finaly, the studied uncovered robust training, information sharing, and a contingency plan as the DHS's strategy to adapt to cyber threats that are emerging. Key Words: Critical Infrastructure, Cybersecurity.
Dandoy, Arnaud. "Humanitarian insecurity, risk and moral panic: toward and critical criminology of aid." Thesis, University of Kent, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.591924.
Full textDoerksen, Mark D. "Fighting Fear with Fear: A Governmental Criminology of Peace Bonds." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/24224.
Full textWoodward, Darren. "A critical evaluation of the reintegration experiences of child sex offenders in the community." Thesis, University of Hull, 2018. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:16593.
Full textHarding, Bryony. "Pregnancy on patrol : a critical exploration of the issues surrounding pregnancy, maternity and operational policing." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2015. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/pregnancy-on-patrol(b77a3a4d-a9ef-4fe2-afbc-00462d5c52a8).html.
Full textNickel, Orville. "Critical Factors in Police Use-of-Force Decisions." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1270.
Full textDedavid, Juliana Aguiar. "Justiça restaurativa e direitos humanos : por um diálogo possível em matéria penal." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/164136.
Full textThis research aims to study Restorative Justice as a new administrative model for conflicts in criminal matters, coming from a dialogue with Human Rights. Considering the concepts brought by the Critical Theories of Law and Critic Criminology, we place the Restorative Justice model within the Minimum Criminal Law, with the introduction of an ethic rationality to the rationality of law. As a communitarian, participative and dialogical model, Restorative Justice seems to open new avenues in the sinuous field of social conflict and is sustained by the necessary protection of Human Rights as a prerogative of the Democratic Rule-of-Law State.
McMullen, Shirley M. "Are the police racist? A critical assessment of the literature on police minority relations." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/9455.
Full textRubens, David. "Beyond 'command & control' : developing a new paradigm for incident command systems, critical decision-making and 21st century crisis response." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2015. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/beyond-command--control(40c91f5f-f79e-4c4e-b8cb-4e19f9d10b75).html.
Full textMendez, Angela M. "Police High-Profile Critical Incidents and the Resulting Effects on Police and Community Resilience| A Case Study." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10752507.
Full textCritical incidents in law enforcement often either lead to a great divide between police agencies and the communities they serve, or they exacerbate a volatile relationship that already exists. Critical incidents may cause outrage within the community due to: misconceptions about the incident, extreme distrust of police, allegations of police misconduct, or racial tension. In an effort to improve and enhance organizational police and community resilience following a critical incident, a case study comparison of four recent high-profile critical incidents seeks to answer the following question: What lessons can we learn from police critical incidents and how do the events surrounding them affect police and community resilience? Analysis of the cases identifies specific factors that affect resiliency among police agencies and communities during and after critical incidents. The analysis leads to recommendations for police agencies to enhance police-community relations and resilience.
Henley, Andrew. "Criminal records and the regulation of redemption : a critical history of legal rehabilitation in England and Wales." Thesis, Keele University, 2017. http://eprints.keele.ac.uk/3779/.
Full textNorton, Travis. "Primary Law Enforcement Mistakes during Initial Critical Incident Response and Timeline of These Events Anatomy of the First 60." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10975168.
Full textLaw enforcement is responding to an ever-increasing number of large-scale critical incidents involving an adversary who has killed or is attempting to kill innocent citizens. These incidents include active shooters, terrorist attacks, hostage situations, snipers, and other associated conflicts. The initial response phase of these incidents is an extreme challenge for law enforcement response organizations. Moreover, little academic research has been conducted concerning this phase and the issues occurring within it. This thesis intends to help address this gap in the research and provide important insight into the factors and dynamics at play during this time period with a focus on the major issues that are occurring. An analysis of 15 after- action reports from these large-scale events was conducted and used to formulate useful percentages on the primary errors occurring during these events. The results of the analysis were also utilized to create the framework for the timeline of the initial response phase. The ultimate goal of this research thesis is to provide useful information for these events by drawing attention to primary issues for future incident commanders and law enforcement first responder consideration.
Merill, William Andrew. "Navigation through chaos : can the introduction of a time critical aide memoire improve the effectiveness of the law enforcement resposne to threats to life by organised crime groups?" Thesis, University of Sunderland, 2017. http://sure.sunderland.ac.uk/8560/.
Full textBelaisha, Belaisha Bin. "Money laundering and financial crimes in Dubai : a critical study of strategies and future direction of control." Thesis, Southampton Solent University, 2015. http://ssudl.solent.ac.uk/3489/.
Full textQuigley, Meghan Cailtin. "Journey to justice| A critical analysis of sexual assault response on college campuses." Thesis, Prescott College, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1551266.
Full textSexual assault on college campuses in the United States has been a major social problem for many decades, however, in the past few years, many colleges and universities have been under investigation by the Department of Education and Office for Civil Rights for the lack of policy and response regarding this issue.
Using the model of insider ethnography, this study looked to compile the experiences of campus sexual assault survivors. The intention of this study was to gather a collection of sexual assault responses, while also collecting ideas from survivors as to how they could have been better supported in the aftermath of being sexually assaulted during their college experience. Several themes emerged amongst the participants in this study: (1) Arrived at college having already experienced sexual assault or rape, (2) Sexually assaulted within the first semester of college and in a campus housing structure, (3) Two of the four participants reported the sexual assault to local and/or campus police, (4) All four participants were sexually assaulted while under the influence of alcohol, (5) The first person each participant told about being sexually assaulted was a friend, (6) Two of the four participants dropped out of college as a result of being sexually assaulted, and (7) Each participant expressed the desire for educational programming that differentiated sex from sexual assault.
This thesis is intended to serve as a platform and megaphone for survivors of campus sexual assault. The hope is to raise awareness around the intense reality of sexual assault that still exists on U.S. college campuses, in addition to providing suggestions for how campus administration might better respond to sexual assault in light of current research and the experiences of survivors.
Doble, Elizabeth. "Risk assessment by statistics? : a critical examination of the clinical and actuarial risk assessment approaches used within the Probation Service to assess sexual offenders." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2016. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/risk-assessment-by-statistics-a-critical-examination-of-the-clinical-and-actuarial-risk-assessment-approaches-used-within-the-probation-service-to-assess-sexual-offenders(c4325931-7e51-4c85-9ad1-ed615ecbfe72).html.
Full textSnell, Katy M. "A critical analysis of victims' experiences and state responses to a corporate killing." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2017. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/7476/.
Full textNowakowski, Jesse. "A Critical Examination of Investor State Dispute Settlement in Canada." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/39144.
Full textZarro, Michael S. Jr. "A qualitative study of the Spotswood New Jersey police department?s critical infrastructure| Local police crisis management and mitigation resiliency." Thesis, New Jersey City University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3730742.
Full textIn the aftermath of the tragic events of September 11, 2001, the role of the local police has undergone a continual expansion process that has become a vital component in safeguarding our national security. Despite numerous technological advancements in intelligence operations, the local police remains the only 24/7 emergency operations entity that is capable of gathering intelligence, investigating, mobilizing operations, and apprehending threats to our nation. With this expanded role in national security, police leadership and management is faced with increased levels of accountability, including the safeguarding of critical infrastructure in their respective jurisdictions, often without financial commitments and resources acquisitions. This qualitative study served to address the local police as a component of national security through five police chiefs’/directors’ perceptions of their roles in safeguarding critical infrastructure, examining their perceptions as they pertain to their current delivery mission model, through interviews and the development of pervasive themes. Themes from the data were well-saturated, as well as overarching, and emerged as follows: (a) critical infrastructure (CI) identification, (b) policy and patrol practice, (c) police officer knowledge, (d) technology impacts on critical infrastructure, and (e) budget. Identification regarding the relationships between local police and civil/national security, leadership/management and policy were made that suggest changes and sweeping support for future frameworks. The paper concludes with a discussion of the research, along with recommendations for policy, practice and future research.
Barreira, César Mortari. "Entre Direito Penal e criminologia crítica: uma nova agenda de pesquisa a partir da relação entre Günther Jakobs e Niklas Luhmann." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2014. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/6668.
Full textThis Master s thesis aims to examine the contribution capacity of the autopoietic social systems theory of Niklas Luhmann for new studies both within criminal law as in the context of criminological thought. The research starts from the diagnosis that Luhmann's theory is consistently interpreted as a foundation of Günther Jakobs criminal justice system, without therewith being made any rigorous analysis about the context in which Luhmann's thinking is inserted and about the possible change of meaning that occurred in the transportation of these concepts from sociology to the criminal legal dogmatic. These analytical deficits constitute the main justification for the research hypothesis, namely the possibility that the critical potential of Luhmann's theory generally ignored can contribute to a new research agenda for the criminal legal dogmatic and to the critical criminology. For that, after analyzing the meaning given by Jakobs to Luhmann s concepts in the course of his work and presenting the main concepts of the autopoietic social systems theory and its application in the study of law, it is argued that the meaning given by Jakobs to Luhmann s concepts is arbitrary. As a result, it is understood that a rigorous understanding of the assumptions of this sociological theory can contribute to enhance critically some of Jakobs writings, opening a door for new studies in criminal legal dogmatic, while at the same time that it may enhance the studies in the context of critical criminology
Esta dissertação de mestrado tem como objetivo analisar a capacidade de contribuição da teoria dos sistemas sociais autopoiéticos de Niklas Luhmann para novos estudos tanto no âmbito do direito penal quanto no âmbito do pensamento criminológico. A pesquisa parte do diagnóstico de que a teoria de Luhmann é constantemente interpretada como fundamento do sistema jurídico-penal de Günther Jakobs, sem que com isso seja feita qualquer análise rigorosa acerca do contexto no qual se insere o pensamento de Luhmann e sobre a possível alteração de significado ocorrida no transporte desses conceitos da sociologia para a dogmática jurídico-penal. Estes déficits analíticos constituem a principal justificativa para a hipótese da pesquisa, qual seja a possibilidade de que o potencial crítico da teoria de Luhmann geralmente ignorado possa contribuir para uma nova agenda de pesquisa para a dogmática jurídico-penal e para a criminologia crítica. Para tanto, após a análise do significado dado por Jakobs aos conceitos de Luhmann no decorrer de sua obra e a apresentação dos principais conceitos da teoria dos sistemas sociais autopoiéticos e de sua aplicação no estudo do direito, argumenta-se que o significado dado por Jakobs aos conceitos de Luhmann é arbitrário. Como resultado, entende-se que a compreensão rigorosa das premissas desta teoria sociológica pode contribuir para potencializar criticamente alguns escritos de Jakobs, abrindo uma porta para novos estudos na dogmática jurídico-penal, ao mesmo tempo em que pode potencializar os estudos no âmbito da criminologia crítica
Karam, Aimee. "Terror and patriotism in the United States: A critical analysis of governmental discourses surrounding the attacks of September 11, 2001 and the introduction of the Patriot Act in the United States of America." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/26939.
Full textCacicedo, Patrick Lemos. "Pena e funcionalismo sistêmico: uma análise crítica da prevenção geral positiva." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2136/tde-01122015-125435/.
Full textThis research aims to critically analyze Günther Jakobs\' theory of the positive general prevention penalty. In this way, after a digression on the crisis of the traditional theories of punishment, the sociological functionalism is analyzed descriptively, from its beginning with Durkheim to the modern systemic version of Niklas Luhmann. Based on the systemic functionalism, Jakobs elaborates the theory of positive general prevention in a theoretical course divided into three different phases. The second part of this paper critically analyzes the sociological and legal-philosophical foundations of the ideas of Jakobs from a bias of sociology of conflict and critical theory of law. At last, in addition to the criticism made by the criminal doctrine, the positive general prevention theory is confronted with the reality of the criminalization process, in a way to reveal its legitimizing inclination to the selectivity of the criminal system, its relations with the media\'s role in increasing criminal authoritarianism, beyond the material meaning of the penalty how imposing suffering to the human being. The comparison with the Brazilian reality turns out to reveal the inadequacy of the penalty speech by Jakobs for societies under democratization process whose defense of freedom and human dignity assume a role of primary importance.
Boghossian, Peter. "Socratic Pedagogy, Critical Thinking, Moral Reasoning and Inmate Education: An Exploratory Study." PDXScholar, 2004. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3668.
Full textSerra, Victor Siqueira. "Pessoa afeita ao crime : criminalização de travestis e o discurso judicial criminal paulista /." Franca, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/182087.
Full textResumo: Esta pesquisa busca compreender em que situações conflituosas envolvendo travestis o sistema de justiça criminal interveio, de que forma essas intervenções ocorreram e como tudo isso foi representado na “ponta final” do processo penal. Para isso, analiso 100 acórdãos criminais do Tribunal de Justiça de São Paulo, coletados a partir da palavra-chave “travesti”. Por meio da análise de discurso - atento, portanto, ao poder da linguagem -, busquei compreender em que momentos a travestilidade é evidenciada ou silenciada, e de que formas estereótipos e expectativas sociais influenciam as decisões jurídicas e o funcionamento do sistema de justiça criminal paulista. Considerando a vulnerabilidade em que vive grande parte das travestis, a distribuição desigual de violência, as estratégias estatais de controle dos crimes e a seletividade de classe, raça e gênero inerente ao poder punitivo em nossa sociedade, concluo que o Tribunal de Justiça de São Paulo reproduz a imagem de travestis como pessoas necessariamente desviantes e criminosas, culminando em um processo de criminalização que deslegitima suas narrativas sobre os conflitos e legitima práticas bastante questionáveis do sistema de justiça. Sua humanidade somente é reconhecida depois da morte – para punir com prisão seus agressores. A ambivalência dos discursos sobre travestis e as profundas desigualdades que marcam o processo penal concretizam as expectativas sociais e servem como fundamentação jurídica para a criminalização das ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: This research seeks to understand in which conflicts involving transvestites the criminal justice system intervened, how these interventions occurred and how all this was represented in the “final point” of the criminal process. For that, I analyzed 100 criminal decisions of São Paulo’s Supreme Court, collected through the key-word “transvestite”. Using discourse analysis – therefore watchful of the power of language –, I tried to understand which moments travestility is evidenced or silenced, how stereotypes and social expectations influence juridical decisions and the criminal justice system’s functioning. Considering the vulnerability under which most transvestites live, the unequal distribution of violence, the State’s strategies to control crimes and the class, race and gender selectivity inherent to the punitive power in our society, I concluded that São Paulo’s Supreme Court reproduce the image of transvestites as necessarily deviant and criminal people, culminating in a criminalization process that delegitimizes their narratives about the conflicts and legitimize profoundly questionable practices of the criminal justice system. Their humanity is only recognized after death. The ambivalence of discourses surrounding transvestites and the deeply rooted inequities that constitutes the criminal process materialize the social expectations and serve as legal validation for the criminalization of transvestites, consolidating a process known in critical criminology as self-fu... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
Kelly, Terri Lee. "A critical review of issues in applying restorative justice principles and practices to cases of hate crime." PDXScholar, 2002. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3629.
Full textRocha, Thiago de Oliveira. "A PENA, A EXECUÇÃO PENAL E O SISTEMA CAPITALISTA: UMA APROXIMAÇÃO NECESSÁRIA." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2015. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/3448.
Full textMade available in DSpace on 2016-09-05T13:17:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 THIAGO DE OLIVEIRA ROCHA.pdf: 874826 bytes, checksum: a6977953c6b44feb78cab2c6db92eba6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-31
The dissertation talks about the necessity of doing a reflection about the criminal enforcement out of merely dogmatic delimitations, in other words, there is a necessity of doing analysis of the criminal enforcement and its relation with the capitalism, essencially how the production’s relations influence to make decisions in a criminal system enforcement. Such connection has been estudied firmely based on Critical Criminology and developed in three chapters. On Chapter I, there is a demonstration of the punishment by a historical view with theirs transformation’s results. On Chapter II, there is an approach about the historical materialism in the same way of the critical view by Kichheimer and Rusche that examine the prision system related to class conflict and its relation with the capitalist system.At last, the chapter III shows a criticism about the jail as a way to make the prisioner to be reintegrated to the capitalism by the relations between the punitive system and the capitalism system based on Michel Foucault, Melossi and Pavarini reference works. increments
A dissertação versa sobre a necessidade de se refletir a execução penal fora de contornos puramente dogmáticos, ou seja, requer a análise da execução penal e sua relação com o capitalismo, essencialmente sobre como as relações de produção influenciam na tomada de decisões em um sistema de execução penal. Tal relação é explorada com base na Criminologia Crítica e desenvolvida em três capítulos. No capítulo I, há a demonstração da pena sob uma perspectiva histórica com as suas consequentes transformações. No capítulo II, existe a abordagem sobre o materialismo histórico nos termos da abordagem crítica inaugurada em Kichheimer e Rusche que analisam o sistema carcerário no contexto da luta de classes e sua consequente relação com o sistema capitalista. Por último, o capítulo III apresenta uma crítica ao cárcere como meio socialização do preso para o capitalismo por meio das relações entre o sistema punitivo e o sistema capitalista fundamentadas nas obras de Michel Foucault e Melossi e Pavarini.
Turney, Jeffery J. "Police supervisory attributes that influence attitude towards Critical Incident Stress Management programs." Thesis, Capella University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3619257.
Full textThis quantitative survey study explored relationships between a law enforcement supervisor's personal characteristics and the attitude a supervisor had towards the Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM) program. The study solicited law enforcement supervisors (n = 6635) who were graduates of the Federal Bureau of Investigation's National Academy (FBINA). A modified survey instrument assisted in the collection of demographic data and the assessment of attitudes towards the CISM program. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics in the form of an analysis of variance (ANOVA) statistical test and a multiple regression analysis that used a backwards-stepwise format assisted in the examination of the collected data. The results indicated time away from the duties of a line-level patrol officer, investigator, or detective, and time in law enforcement shared a weak relationship with a supervisor's attitude towards the CISM program. More specifically, the longer the time span for each, the more positive the supervisor's attitude should be towards the program. Unfortunately, while these variables may have been deemed significant, the results are virtually meaningless since the model resulted in only two percent of the variance in attitude. Although the study's findings only indicated a weak link between a law enforcement supervisor's characteristics and the attitude a supervisor has towards the CISM program, it also showed supervisors within the study overwhelmingly supported the program. Knowing this support exists could still provide stress management program managers with invaluable insight, as processes are developed to mitigate critical incident stress in law enforcement.
De, LA Cruz Jesse S. "Mexican American / Chicano gang members' voice on social control in the context of school and community| A critical ethnographic study in Stockton, California." Thesis, California State University, Stanislaus, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3633628.
Full textThe purpose of the study was to examine what role social control, in the context of family, school, and community, played in the participants' decision to join gangs in their adolescent years. The study examined the lives of four male ex-gang members over the age of 18, with extensive criminal records and poor academic histories. Participants were chosen from a Stockton reentry facility where ex-offenders were in the process of improving their lives by breaking the chains of street gang involvement, criminality, and incarceration.
The findings revealed that social control administered by family, school, law enforcement, and community all played a significant role in shaping each participant's decision to join his prospective gang in adolescence. The researcher found that while the family life of the participants was the prime mover in terms of a nudge toward gang life, school was also a place where they were constantly devalued, in large part because educators did not understand them, and the teachers arrived to their classrooms ill equipped for the realities of teaching in schools located in violence-ridden neighborhoods where the youth suffered morbid and multiple exposure to trauma. In fact, the teachers and law enforcement's inept ways of addressing the participant's maladaptive behaviors—with a propensity for handling all issues with punitive measures—ended up creating incentives for the participants to join a gang.
Bernat, Molina Ignasi. "Mapping the crimes of the powerful and the economic crisis: crime, state and power." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/673707.
Full textLa tesi ‘Mapping the Crimes of the Powerful and the Economic Crisis: Crime, State and Power’ es concentra en quatre episodis recents de les diverses crisis que afecten el sud d’Europa. Partint de la literatura criminològica i dels crims dels poderosos, la tesi fixa l’atenció en els diversos elements que han fet possible les condicions que han portat a aquestes crisis. Les crisis han de ser enteses com el resultat dels crims dels poderosos. D’aquesta forma la tesi s’interroga per la naturalesa dels crims dels poderosos, doncs entén que són aquests crims els que generen un major dany social. La tesi es pregunta per quina criminologia és necessària per poder respondre a aquests crims. En concret, la tesi defensa que els crims estatal-corporatius han de ser entesos com un procés enlloc de com una suma de successos diferents aïllats. Els hem de localitzar dins d’una economia política creixentment financiaritzada i un conjunt de relacions de poder corporatiu, però també colonial i patriarcal que relega els recursos comuns i els drets socials a meres mercaderies. Els crims corporatius juguen un rol central en el procés actual d’acumulació de poder i riquesa. La corporació és la institucionalització de relacions de poder (classe, gènere i colonial) a on la despossessió i la violència tenen lloc. La corporació i l’estat que treballa amb ella, han demostrat la capacitat d’aprovar lleis en benefici seu, amenaçar governs, emprar pràctiques il·legals, negar drets i desposseir a gent a través del poder corporatiu i de la violència simbòlica. Els crims dels poderosos no poden ser estudiats fora de l’estructura social on aquests són comesos. La financiarització de l’economia ha sigut un element comú de tots els crims estudiats aquí doncs a trinxat antics drets fins a convertir-los en mercaderies que calia comprar. Per últim, la tesi reivindica que la importància de la dimensió geopolítica com a element a l’hora d’entendre els tipus de crims que succeiran a cada regió. És a dir, els règims de poder regionals configuren els crims dels poderosos que es realitzaran a cada àrea específica. Comprendre el paper jugat per cada un d’aquests elements, estat, economia i poder, segueixen sent claus per una criminologia que aspiri a ser crítica.
Programa de Doctorat Interuniversitari en Dret, Economia i Empresa
Carvalho, Cecilia Perlingeiro Ferreira de. "Segurança na Organização dos Estados Americanos (OEA): uma análise crítica dos discursos sobre segurança cidadã e direitos humanos." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2012. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=4483.
Full textA segurança cidadã é apresentada nos dias de hoje como um novo modelo de segurança, forjado a partir da necessidade de aliar direito à segurança e proteção de direitos humanos. A expressão segurança cidadã habita planos de segurança nacionais e estratégias hemisféricas sobre segurança de forma bastante consensual, representando um avanço na atuação estatal frente às ameaças do campo da segurança pública, refletida em uma atuação humanizada. No desdobramento do conteúdo em ações, bem como na legitimação e propagação da terminologia e estratégias associadas a este modelo de segurança, a OEA se destaca como um importante espaço jurídico-político de caráter interamericano. O modelo de segurança cidadã é a conformação mais recente do conceito de segurança, que, entretanto, teve início na OEA - ainda anos 80 - por meio do desenvolvimento de documentos estratégicos de combate às drogas. Neste sentido, este trabalho quer entender, concretamente, em que medida esta novo modelo de segurança realmente oferece novas abordagens e/ou outras condições que representem uma ampliação na garantia de direitos humanos. Para tanto, considerasse relevante à análise dos mais relevantes documentos sobre segurança, nos quais é possível identificar conceitos-chave e estratégias de ação e como estes foram atualizados ao longo do tempo. Esta análise é feita a partir de uma perspectiva da criminologia crítica, que com seus conceitos e categorias equaciona aspectos da realidade político-criminal, bem como fatores socioeconômicos e da realidade carcerária da região, que usualmente não integram os modelos de segurança, embora tenham relação direta com uma mais ampla garantia de direitos humanos.
The citizen security model is nowadays presented as a new security model, forged to combine security and the protection of human rights. The expression citizen security model dwells national security plans and documents of strategies on hemispheric security in a fairly consensual trend, presented as innovations in States behavior in dealing with "threats" in the public security field. By developing the concept and content actions as well as by legitimating and spreading the terminology and strategies associated to this new model, the OAS definitely stands as an important legal and political actor in the interamerican field. The citizen security model is the latest configuration to the security concept that has stared to be developed in in the OAS in the 80s through the first documents regarding drugs and trafficking issues in the region. Therefore, this work is focused in understanding, specifically, in which bases this new security model really does offer new approaches and / or other conditions that represent an increase in the guarantee of human rights. For this, we have analyzed in a chronological order, the most relevant documents on security in the OAS, highlighting its major strategies and key-concepts, and pointing out how have they been adapted and improved (or not) over time. This analysis takes place based on concepts and categories of critical criminology, considering aspects of the criminal-political reality as well as socioeconomic issues and the reality of prison system, which are aspects that usually do not integrate the development of public security models, despite the direct relation of such aspects with a broader human rights discussion.
Pitoulis, Terry. "Bloody Oil: A Critical Discourse Analysis of Safety Crimes in the Alberta Oil and Gas Industry." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31800.
Full textLucena, Mariana Barrêto Nóbrega de. "(Re)pensando a epistemologia feminista na análise da violência contra mulher: uma aproximação com a criminologia crítica." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2015. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/8335.
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This academic work is a critical review of studies on violence against women undertaken by the american radical feminism and the approaches influenced by this. The research aims to analyze the theoretical framework used on the interpretation about violence in heterosexual relationships, considering the hypothesis that some of its assumptions are wrong. Problem areas found in American traditional theory revolved mainly around three issues. First, its simplistic and reductionist analysis, which summarizes the explanation of violence to gender. Second, its essentialist and deterministic conception of attributes related to men and to their sexuality, which gives them an insurmountable violent nature. Third, the strategy to struggle against violence lately reduced to criminalization and punishment. Such misconceptions reflect their adoption of the old etiological paradigm in criminological considerations made by this current, which has reverberated in different feminist theories and in political activism. In contrast, this work proposes a feminist approach to compose a unit with the critical criminology, that is, to make an interpretation of violence contextualized historically free of essentialism and committed to human emancipation forward to the various mechanisms of oppression.
Este trabalho constitui uma revisão crítica dos estudos sobre a violência contra a mulher empreendidos pelo feminismo radical estadunidense e pelas abordagens por este influenciadas. A pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar a fundamentação teórica implementada nas interpretações sobre a violência nas relações heterossexuais, considerando a hipótese de que alguns de seus pressupostos estejam equivocados. Principalmente três aspectos são problematizados nas interpretações da corrente norte-americana. Primeiro, sua análise simplista e reducionista, que resume a explicação da violência contra a mulher à questão de gênero. Segundo, sua concepção essencialista e determinista dos atributos referentes aos homens e a sua sexualidade, que lhes atribui uma natureza violenta insuperável. Terceiro, a estratégia de combate à violência, ultimamente reduzida à criminalização e à penalização de condutas. Tais perspectivas refletem a adoção do antigo paradigma etiológico nas reflexões criminológicas realizadas por essa corrente, que tem reverberado nas diversas teorias feministas e na militância política. Em contraponto, este trabalho propõe uma abordagem feminista que componha uma unidade com a criminologia crítica, isto é, que faça uma interpretação da violência contextualizada historicamente, livre de essencialismos e comprometida com a emancipação humana frente aos diversos mecanismos de opressão.
Anjos, Cleide Leite de Sousa dos. "Cárcere na unidade de prisão feminina de Palmas: formas de aprisionamento e direitos humanos fundamentais à luz da criminologia crítica." Universidade Federal do Tocantins, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11612/459.
Full textThis Technical Report aims to analyze the conditions of imprisonment of women in the Prision Unit Women (UPF) in Palmas, portraying the female profile and the criminal types that led to the arrest. This is an empirical research whose systematic data collection was performed directly on the physical records of the 62 prey, through on-site visits to UPF. As a theoretical and methodological support for the analysis of the data was used the approach of the Theory of Labeling from Critical Criminology. The results of the research show traces of the criminalization of poverty and labeling by social class, skin color, schooling, etc. Unlike Critical Criminology, positivist criminal micro-sociology works with the paradigm of social reaction, which labels the criminal by the characteristics of the environment in which he is inserted and by the criminal type, producing the phenomenon of overincarceration, disregarding the macro-social factors that produce the phenomenon of criminality and allow an understanding of crime beyond causality. At UPF, the conditions of incarceration violate Human Rights, considering the overcrowding and UPF structure, which is a residence adapted to the purposes of it.
Kelner, Lenice. "(In)Constitucionalidade das penas cruéis e infamantes no Brasil: da voz da criminologia crítica à voz dos encarcerados." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2016. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/6667.
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Nesta pesquisa de doutorado busca-se verificar a inconstitucionalidade da pena cruel e infamante, com aporte teórico na criminologia crítica e na pesquisa etnográfica, diante da função real da pena e não a declarada, conforme referencial legal da Constituição Federal de 1988, que proíbe as penas consideradas cruéis e infamantes. A principal hipótese é de que o aumento de pessoas no cárcere em números alarmantes e o recrudescimento punitivo demonstram que o sistema penal está cada vez mais violento e menos idôneo para cumprir suas funções prometidas, violando as normas, tratados e princípios reguladores do exercício do seu poder punitivo. A pena de prisão é inconstitucional por ser cruel, infamante e indiretamente induzir à morte. A análise das condições concretas do funcionamento do sistema penal brasileiro, não o discurso declarado, mas a realidade da pena e do cárcere no Brasil demonstra ser a pena uma engenharia punitiva da dor e da violência. A delimitação do marco teórico (lugar da fala) se dará através da “Criminologia Crítica” por ser a ciência que explica a operacionalidade e as reais funções do sistema penal, mediante estudos da história da colônia, do extermínio dos povos indígenas e das marcas da escravidão. É pela ótica da criminologia crítica que se compreende as novas funções do sistema penal no capitalismo tardio periférico, com a transformação do Estado Previdenciário em Estado Penal que veio com o objetivo único de manter as relações dos sistemas penais e seus nexos funcionais como mecanismos seletivos próprios de uma formação econômica e histórica do Brasil. Para a realização da pesquisa, a metodologia de abordagem utilizada foi fenomenologia hermenêutica.
In this research at the doctoral level, we seek to verify the unconstitutionality of cruel and infamous punishment, with a theoretical contribution in critical criminology and ethnographic research, given the real function of the sentence and not that declared, according to the legal framework of the 1988 Constitution. Which prohibits penalties considered cruel and infamous. The main hypothesis is that the increase in prisoners in alarming numbers and the increase in punishment show that the penal system is becoming more violent and less suitable to fulfill its promised functions, in violation of the norms, treaties and principles governing the exercise of Its punitive power, then the prison sentence is unconstitutional, since it is cruel, infamous and indirectly of death, it is a punitive engineering of pain and violence, with the analysis of the concrete conditions of the functioning of the Brazilian penal system, not the declared speech, but the reality of pen and jail in Brazil. The delimitation of the theoretical framework - place of speech - will give it through "Critical Criminology", since it justifies the operability and real functions of the penal system through our colonial history, the extermination of indigenous peoples and the Including the new functions of the penal system in peripheral late capitalism, with the transformation of the State of Social Security into a Criminal State, with the objective of understanding the relations of the penal systems and their functional links with the selective mechanisms characteristic of a Brazilian economic and historical formation . For the accomplishment of the research, the approach methodology used was Hermeneutic phenomenology.
Melo, Camila Gibin. "Entre muros e grilhões: criminologia crítica e a práxis de enfrentamento contra o sistema penal e pelo fim das prisões." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2014. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/17690.
Full textThe present paper discusses the possibilities and limits of the struggle for prision abolition, using Critical Criminology as the revolutionary theory for the praxis. For this purpose, we base central discussions for the comprehension of the context of the Democratic State of Criminal Law currently experienced, as well as its transformations, current configuration and its relations to the production and reproduction of capitalist system. From totalizing perspective, we intend to analyze the expression of this Criminal State in Latin American territory against specific sectors of society - cis and trans women, children and adolescents, black and indigenous people - based on specific theories for this, as the Feminist Criminology, Queer Criminology and Latin American Criminology. We start from Marxist theoretical and methodological assumptions, which motivated and guided the theoretical analysis, discussions and summaries recorded during production, culminating finally in the detailed presentation of alternatives to criminal program that has as a goal the abolition of prisons and the capitalist system. We conclude that overcoming the Penal System and the Criminal Law is related to the struggle to end capitalism, and that there is a need for such articulate emancipatory praxis politics as a means to human emancipation. For this, theres is a need to build together with the social movements and with all those who are incarcerated in prisons and juvenile detention units suffering from the violence of the Penaly System
O presente trabalho se propõe a problematizar as possibilidades e limites do enfrentamento pelo fim das prisões, buscando na Criminologia Crítica enquanto teoria revolucionária à práxis. Para tal, pautamos debates centrais à compreensão do contexto de Estado Democrático de Direito Penal vivenciado na atualidade, suas transformações, atual configuração e a relação com produção e reprodução do sistema capitalista. A partir da perspectiva totalizante, procuramos analisar a expressão deste Estado Penal em território latino-americano e contra seguimentos específicos da sociedade mulheres cisgênero e transgênero, crianças e adolescentes, negros e indígenas respaldando-nos em teorias específicas para tal, como a Criminologia Feminista, a Criminologia Queer e a Criminologia Latino-Americana. Orientamo-nos a partir dos pressupostos teórico-metodológicos marxistas que fundamentaram e nortearam a análise teórica, os debates e a síntese registrados ao longo da produção e culminaram, por fim, na fundamentada apresentação de alternativas a um programa criminal que tenha como horizonte a abolição das prisões e do sistema capitalista. Concluímos que a superação do Sistema Penal e do Direito Penal está atrelada à luta pelo fim do capitalismo e que para tal, há a necessidade de articular a práxis emancipatória política como meio à emancipação humana, como também a necessidade de construirmos junto aos movimentos sociais e a todos que, encarcerados nos presídios e unidades de internação juvenil, sofrem diretamente a violência do sistema penal. Consideramos ainda que esta práxis pode ser adensada teoricamente pela Criminologia Crítica de corte marxista, podendo ser incorporada pelo Serviço Social em sua intervenção nos espaços prisionais. Esperamos contribuir, portanto, com esta reflexão para o fortalecimento do Projeto ético-político do Serviço Social
Oliveira, Nayana Guimarães Souza de. "Da exclusão do campo à inclusão na prisão: a gestão penal da pobreza agrária no Brasil." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/7879.
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This research aims to be a study about the criminal management of agrarian poverty in the temporal space that goes from the urban and industrial transformation of Brazil to the present. It seeks to unravel the socially excluding and criminally inclusive impacts of the rapid urbanization and industrialization process in Brazil. The emptying of the countryside that happened in the same time with the expansion of the cities, was one of the causes of structural unemployment and the formation of the urban peripheries, where the marginalized majority of the population is segregated. To cross this path, the genesis of the periphery is studied, building a bridge between the exclusion of the countryside and urban segregation. It takes care of delineating the Brazilian land characteristics, a context in which the rural-urban migratory movement and the process of rural and urban poverty formation are inserted. It stands out as the State - in which hopes of realizing socially guaranteed rights are placed - has become increasingly a minimal State, with minimum obligations. In sequence, this study deals with the criminal management of poverty in Brazil through the expansion of repression directed at poor individuals, with a stratospheric increase in public expenditures directed at the expansion of a police force that, however, isn’t succeed in effectively combating the increase of urban violence, since this is part of the contradictions proper to capitalism. In this society created by the contradictions of the economic system, the poor, the “favelado” and marginalized, is easy target of the police apparatus of the State, while it does not guarantee social rights; He is seen as dangerous individual and inspires distrust for the most privileged classes in society. In this Penal State, not only the repressive apparatus of the State grows, but also private security; on the other had, the rate of incarceration increases, especially of the poorer class of the population. Thus, there is an interweaving between agrarian question, criminal issue and urban violence, which involves the transfer of agrarian poverty to the cities, the formation of urban peripheries and the segregation of the poor’s in this places, where they will receive very little of the rule of law and will perceive the daily presence of the Criminal State.
Esta pesquisa faz um estudo acerca da gestão penal da pobreza agrária no Brasil, desde a transformação urbana e industrial, iniciada na década de 1930 até a contemporaneidade. Busca-se desvendar os impactos socialmente excludentes e penalmente includentes do rápido processo de urbanização e industrialização ocorridos no Brasil. O esvaziamento do campo, pari passu com a expansão das cidades, foi uma das causas do desemprego estrutural e da formação das periferias urbanas, onde está segregada a grande maioria marginalizada da população. Para percorrer este caminho, estuda-se gênese da periferia, construindo uma ponte entre a exclusão do campo e a segregação urbana. Cuida-se de delinear as características fundiárias brasileiras, contexto no qual se insere o movimento migratório do tipo rural-urbano e o processo de formação da pobreza rural e urbana. Destaca-se como o Estado – no qual se depositam esperanças de realização dos direitos socialmente garantidos – tornou-se cada vez mais um Estado mínimo, com mínimas obrigações. Em sequência, aborda-se o tema da gestão penal da pobreza no Brasil por meio da dilatação da repressão direcionada aos indivíduos pobres, com aumento estratosférico nos gastos públicos direcionados à ampliação de um corpo policialesco que, contudo, não logra êxito em combater efetivamente o incremento da violência urbana, já que este faz parte das contradições próprias ao capitalismo. Nessa sociedade criada pelas contradições do sistema econômico, o pobre, favelado e marginalizado, é alvo fácil do aparelho repressivo do Estado, ao passo que a ele não se garantem direitos sociais; ele é visto como indivíduo perigoso e que inspira desconfiança pelas classes mais privilegiadas da sociedade. Neste Estado Penal, cresce não só o aparelho repressivo do Estado, mas também a segurança privada; de outro lado, aumenta o índice de encarceramento, em especial da classe mais pauperizada da população. Assim, verifica-se um entrelaçamento entre questão agrária, questão criminal e violência urbana, que perpassa pela transferência da pobreza agrária para as cidades, pela formação das periferias urbanas e pela segregação do pobre neste local, onde ele receberá muito pouco do Estado de Direito e perceberá a presença cotidiana do Estado Penal.
Leung, Lai-yee Catherine, and 梁麗儀. "From school-rule breaking behaviors to roaring behaviors: a constitutive-Foucaultian perspective." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31245638.
Full textMatsumoto, Adriana Eiko. "Práxis social e emancipação: perspectivas e contradições no Estado Democrático de Direito Penal." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2013. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/17014.
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This study, which has been supported by the dialectical and historical materialism principles, has intended to conduct the relations of production analysis in their totality, noticeably considering the capital structure crisis effects and its ideological consequences over the superstructure into the juridical, penal and criminal fields. Therefore, we have developed the narrative of the Public Security, Justice and Citizenship Working Group s trajectory. The Group was founded in 2008 in the city of São Paulo in the purpose of arranging civil society representatives participation into the 1st National Conference on Public Security. It s also been carried out the analysis of public documentation and the Group s propositions for that Conference. We have concluded that the possibilities of overcoming both Penal Law and hegemonically defined relation among mass criminalization and manpower surplus cannot only be performed by superstructure transformation but, namely, by social praxis. Such praxis, mediated by contradictions between causality and teleology, and aimed at contributing to human emancipation, must face the overcoming of Penal Law in the Democratic State of Law. The aforementioned state is considered as the formulation synthesis of barbarism in the contemporary capitalism in which coexists juridical-political equality and institutional classism, based on a totalitary, penal and police model for workers
A partir dos pressupostos da perspectiva materialista-histórico e dialética, buscou-se construir uma análise que permitisse a leitura da totalidade das relações de produção, notadamente os efeitos da crise estrutural do capital, e seus desdobramentos ideológicos na expressão da superestrutura no campo jurídico, penal e criminal. Para isso, elaborou-se narrativa da trajetória do Grupo de Trabalho Segurança Pública, Justiça e Cidadania, criado em 2008 na cidade de São Paulo com o intuito de organizar a participação de representantes do segmento sociedade civil na 1ª Conferência Nacional de Segurança Pública, bem como se procedeu à análise dos documentos públicos e propostas do Grupo para esta Conferência. Concluímos que a possibilidade de superação do Direito Penal e da relação hegemonicamente consolidada no processo de criminalização da massa excedente de mão-de-obra não pode se dar apenas pela transformação da superestrutura, mas sim a partir de uma práxis social (mediada contraditoriamente pela causalidade e teleologia) que, para contribuir para a emancipação humana deve integrar em seus enfrentamentos a superação do Estado Democrático de Direito Penal, compreendido como forma-Estado síntese da expressão da barbárie no capitalismo contemporâneo, em que convive a igualdade jurídico-política com a faceta classista do Estado, qual seja, totalitária, penal e policial para os trabalhadores
Canziani, C. "LA CRIMINOLOGIA CRITICA IN ITALIA.LINEE EVOLUTIVE E GENERAZIONALI DELL'APPROCCIO CRITICO ALLO STUDIO DELLA QUESTIONE CRIMINALE." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/470624.
Full textThe thesis consists in an attempt to draw the generational and evolutionary trajectories of critical criminology, developed in Italy thanks to the work of the philosopher and sociologist of law Alessandro Baratta and the scientific reviews he founded and inspired, La questione criminale later became Dei delitti e delle pene and now published as Studi sulla questione criminale. Nuova serie di Dei delitti e delle pene. This work comes from the urgency to identify and systematize the theoretical and epistemological foundations of this way of thinking, which is characterized by radicalism and interdisciplinarity, trying to take account of the different paths undertaken through the years by the members of this movement. The aim is to revalue a critical approach to the study of the criminal question from a scientific point of view, updating the theoretical and epistemological assumptions. The research was conducted along two lines: on the one hand, through the study of the journal as it has evolved in its various historical phases and through the analysis of the writings of the members of its scientific committee, and on the other hand, by in-depth interviews with twenty-five authors who dealt with critical criminology, who contributed to the publishing projects, who lived personally the origin and the development of this current of thought in Italy. The interviews were structured on open questions. The aim was two-fold: firstly, to gather the memories of the spokesmen of the movement into a unified framework; secondly, to highlight both the similarities and the differences among them. I asked the interviewed to express themselves with regard to their personal interpretation of the concept of “critique”, to the epistemological paradigm they adopt – if they adopt one -, to the kind of relationship they have with the empirical research and to the role they consider the social scientist should play when he investigates the criminal question. During the interviews, tried to leave space for the academic life stories of the individual scholars in order to collect valuable record regarding the readings and authors who represented the benchmarks of their scientific and intellectual education.
Jonsson-Lindberg, Patricia, and Zander Anna Elers. "Konstruktionen av brottslingar i kriminalpolitiska program : En kritisk diskursanalys." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Kriminologi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-30356.
Full textMorais, Andrea Cardinale Urani Oliveira de. "O saber crítico-criminológico na atuação da magistratura criminal a partir da análise de sentenças proferidas no estado do Tocantins durante o ano de 2016." Universidade Federal do Tocantins, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11612/898.
Full textIt is a research carried out in criminal cases sentenced in 2016, in the 21 criminal courts of the 14 third-order districts of the State of Tocantins, aiming to investigate whether they use critical-criminological and humanistic hermeneutical foundations. In this dissertation, the empirical research was divided in two parts, in the first, the sample universe is 100% of the verdicts (3.163) was given in the year of 2016, in the regions selected, for the purpose of identifying the total number of criminal sentences and the number of convictions (356) and acquittals (150, between proper and improper). Thus, in the second specific part of the analysis, 506 sentences handed down in these cases are studied, with the objective of ascertaining how the criminal (material and procedural) system is being used in the practice of the Tocantins' magistrates. The work is based on the methodological tools offered by Laurence Bardin's content analysis technique, preceded by graphical representations of the data obtained in acquittals and convictions. The perspective of analysis under an interdisciplinary approach is ensured, as it marks the very vocation of Criminology in its critical aspect (strongly influenced by the contributions of other sciences, especially Sociology, Psychology, Psychiatry, Anthropology and Philosophy). The research seeks the existence of a purely dogmatic and shallow posture in the act of judging, or by the use of critical knowledge that is combative of theoretical common sense, reproducing the belief in the ideological function of Criminal Law as an instrument of social defense and re-socialization of the condemned. The conclusion indicates that the critical approach, so necessary in judging, from constitutional foundations and international human rights norms, is not the standard used by the criminal magistrates of Tocantins. On the contrary, the results of the analyzes reveal a large percentage of sentences that still use strictly legalistic and dogmatic arguments in dealing with one of the most basic fundamental human rights, which is the freedom of the people.
Leal, Jackson da Silva. "O SISTEMA PENAL NA LENTE DA JUVENTUDE TRANSGRESSORA: da política social à política penal." Universidade Catolica de Pelotas, 2013. http://tede.ucpel.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/248.
Full textThis paper addresses the youth in one of his most dramatic contact with modernity - the penal system. Thus, it approaches with youth has been severely victimized by the passage of the Welfare State to Prisonfare State, existing amidst this transmutation ideology / practice and discourse of correction. Used in Critical Criminology and its theoretical framework, in particular its marginal proposition zaffaroniana realism as a theoretical tool and ethical commitment to deconstruct the juvenile justice system, and also of legal pluralism as a conceptual tool to enable an alternative emancipatory and liberating, so two instruments should intersect theoretical methodological towards a new paradigm of sociability and legality - a critical criminology and legal pluralism way to a democratic legality and non-violent. Besides the theoretical analysis, we work with empirical research conducted through interviews with the inmates in FASE (South Unit) and analysis of records with the aim of seeking the reality of the juvenile justice system since the subjects that are the object of intervention and which was imposed silence. There is talk of youths as locus construction, preservation and recognition of individuals endowed with creative ability and dialoguing with insurgents and emancipatory potential of social dynamics and oppressive legal and an upright position. Advocates up for access to justice as a matter of social policy, understood this from a conceptual extension over and above the traditional public-state sphere and hierarchical
O presente trabalho aborda a juventude em um de seus mais dramáticos contatos com a modernidade o sistema penal. Assim, aborda como a juventude tem sido severamente vitimizada com a passagem do Welfare State ao Prisonfare State, existindo em meio a essa transmutação a ideologia/prática do previdenciarismo penal e o discurso correcionalista. Utiliza-se da Criminologia Crítica e seu arcabouço teórico, em especial a sua proposição zaffaroniana do realismo marginal, como ferramenta teórica e comprometimento ético para desconstruir o sistema penal juvenil, e ainda, do pluralismo jurídico como instrumento conceitual a fim de possibilitar uma alternativa emancipatória e libertadora, por isso, dois instrumentos teórico metodológicos devem se entrecruzar na consecução de um novo paradigma de sociabilidade e juridicidade a criminologia crítica e a pluralismo jurídico a caminho de uma juridicidade democrática e não violenta. Além da análise teórica, trabalha-se com pesquisa empírica realizada mediante entrevistas com os jovens internos na FASE (unidade Sul) e análise de prontuários com o fito de buscar a realidade do sistema penal juvenil desde os sujeitos que são o objeto de intervenção e aos quais foi imposto o silencio. Fala-se de juventudes como lócus de construção, preservação e reconhecimento de indivíduos dotados de capacidade criativa e dialogal com potenciais insurgentes e emancipadores das dinâmicas sociais e jurídicas opressoras e verticalizantes. Propugna-se por um acesso à Justiça como sendo uma questão de política social, esta entendida a partir de um alargamento conceitual e que ultrapasse a tradicional esfera público-estatal e hierarquizante
Neil, Howard. "'It's easier if we stop them moving' : a critical analysis of anti-child trafficking discourse, policy and practice : the case of southern Benin." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:11094e72-496e-4b99-ba15-6b19e6efc490.
Full textChen, Ashley Lai Ming. "Is It Any of Our Business? Canadian Perspectives on Transnational Corporate Accountability." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35578.
Full textCHIARAMONTE, XENIA MANUELA. "LE TATTICHE DELL'ACCERCHIAMENTO. ETNOGRAFIA DELLA QUESTIONE CRIMINALE NO TAV." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/489481.
Full textLawhorn, Joshlyn. "Race and Gender in (Re)integration of Victim-Survivors of CSEC in a Community Advocacy Context." Scholar Commons, 2018. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7324.
Full textNagels, Carla. "Jeunes, violence et société: analyse du discours de la Chambre des représentants de 1981 à 1999 dans une perspective de criminologie critique." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211207.
Full textLa thèse analyse le discours de la Chambre des représentants de 1981 à 1999. Elle pose comme hypothèse générale que le discours sur l’augmentation de la violence des jeunes, considérée comme un problème social digne d’intérêt politique, doit s’analyser à la lumière des modifications importantes qui affectent le discours politique dans son ensemble.
La formulation de cette hypothèse générale repose sur un ensemble de développements qui ont précédé son élaboration. C’est l’objet de la première partie de ce travail. Dans cette première partie, les deux concepts en présence sont problématisés, c’est-à-dire les jeunes et la violence, ainsi que leur association, c’est-à-dire la violence des jeunes. Dans cette partie également nous construisons un cadre analytique et méthodologique qui va guider l’analyse du matériel empirique. La deuxième partie de la recherche est, elle, entièrement consacrée à l’analyse du discours de la Chambre des représentants sur vingt ans. Reprenons ces deux parties.
En ce qui concerne les deux concepts en présence, il faut noter d’emblée qu’il n’est guère possible de les enfermer dans une définition univoque. Tant la jeunesse que la violence s’apparentent plutôt à des constructions sociales qui évoluent dans le temps et dans l’espace. On ne peut évoquer la jeunesse sans tenir compte du statut social qu’on lui accorde, c’est-à-dire de la place que lui réserve la société. Sa définition n’est donc pas arrêtée une fois pour toute. Quant à la notion de violence, sa définition est encore plus problématique. Ainsi quand on tente de répertorier dans la littérature scientifique les différents phénomènes qui sont associés à la violence des jeunes, on ne peut que s’étonner de leur diversité. La violence désigne coups et blessures, meurtres, hold-ups, viols, racket, etc. c’est-à-dire un ensemble d’actes pénalement répréhensibles. Mais la violence est également associée à ce qu’on appelle des incivilités. Enfin, la violence concerne également ce que Pierre Bourdieu appelle la violence symbolique, c’est-à-dire celle que subissent les jeunes auxquels la société ne semble plus capable d’accorder une place.
Etant donné que les concepts de jeunesse, et surtout de violence, ne peuvent pas se définir de manière univoque, il est bien difficile de déterminer dans quelle mesure la violence des jeunes s’accroît. Cet objet recouvre en effet des réalités tellement diverses qui n’ont pas grand chose en commun, si ce n’est de se voir assigner une valeur négative. Par contre, une chose est tout à fait certaine :le discours sur la violence des jeunes, tant politique que médiatique et scientifique, s’amplifie, lui, de manière exponentielle depuis une quinzaine d’années. Et, l’utilisation du concept de « violence » n’est pas neutre. Il désigne toujours un phénomène problématique à éradiquer. Il permet aussi d’entretenir une image catastrophiste de la réalité et d’agir en conséquence. Cette image « catastrophiste » ne résiste pourtant pas à l’analyse. Les seuls faits de « violence » qui semblent en effet augmenter sont les « émeutes urbaines ». La délinquance juvénile enregistrée semble, quant à elle, plutôt témoigner d’une dégradation des relations entre jeunes et forces de l’ordre. Quant aux « agressions », même si elles augmentent, elles concernent essentiellement les jeunes (défavorisés) entre eux. Elles sont d’ailleurs pour 50% des agressions verbales. Loin de nous l’idée de nier qu’il existe des situations-problèmes, parfois même graves, mais tenter de les résoudre par une répression accrue, est pour le moins réducteur, voire même inefficace. Or, les discours qui dominent vont dans le sens d’une répression accrue et la dénomination des divers phénomènes sous le vocable « violence » participe en plein à ce processus.
À partir de ces constats, il nous a semblé intéressant d’analyser comment le discours sur la violence des jeunes émerge, comment il se construit et à quelles préoccupations il répond. La trame de ce travail consiste donc à tenter, d’une part, de cerner l’évolution des deux concepts retenus et, d’autre part, de montrer comment ils se rencontrent. Mais il s’agit aussi de comprendre quel est l’enjeu de la lutte qui a permis cette rencontre et comment cette lutte s’est structurée.
Pour ce faire, l’analyse du discours politique nous a paru la plus adéquate. En suivant Max Weber, si l’Etat moderne se caractérise par le monopole de la violence légitime, c’est également lui qui possède le pouvoir de désigner quels sont les comportements qui relèvent de la violence « illégitime ». De plus, le fait de s’intéresser au champ politique présente un double avantage. Tout d’abord, selon la théorie des champs développée par Pierre Bourdieu, et plus particulièrement son analyse du champ politique, il s’agit bien d’un espace où des agents sont en lutte pour la reconnaissance de certaines visions et divisions de la réalité sociale, c’est-à-dire pour sa catégorisation. Ensuite, toujours selon Bourdieu, le discours dominant, celui qui acquiert le plus de légitimité, est en quelque sorte capable de se réaliser, notamment parce qu’il s’inscrit durablement dans l’appareil d’Etat. Comme le dit cet auteur :« Dire, c’est faire », et c’est d’autant plus vrai en ce qui concerne le discours politique.
Le champ politique doit donc s’analyser comme un espace relationnel et conflictuel. Le choix s’est porté sur la rhétorique de la Chambre des Représentants. C’est un discours facilement accessible, qui a la particularité de regrouper tant les prises de position du gouvernement que celles de la majorité et de l’opposition. Mais dans une démocratie à scrutin proportionnel telle que la Belgique, notons que les discours de la majorité et de l’opposition ne sont pas homogènes. Par ailleurs, il fallait couvrir une période suffisamment longue pour voir comment les deux objets « jeunesse » et « violence » étaient perçus chacun séparément avant d’être associés. L’analyse débute ainsi à la première législature du gouvernement Martens-Gol en novembre 1981. Elle prend fin avec le dernier gouvernement de Jean-Luc Dehaene en juin 1999 et couvre ainsi cinq législatures, presque deux décennies.
La méthode d’analyse, s’inspire, elle, de la méthode archéologique de Michel Foucault. En accord avec cet auteur, la recherche part du postulat que le discours est une pratique qui a ses propres règles d’existence, c’est-à-dire qu’il peut s’analyser comme pratique autonome. L’étude reste donc entièrement à l’intérieur du discours analysé. Elle ne sollicite pas d’apports extérieurs pour conforter les évolutions qu’elle fait apparaître. Elle ne nie pas la réalité de l’extérieur, du non-discursif, mais estime qu’une analyse du seul discours peut déjà s’avérer pertinente pour rendre compte d’une évolution.
Décrire le discours politique consiste alors à :
Premièrement, analyser ce qui peut devenir objet d’énonciation de la politique :de quoi parlent les députés ?
Deuxièmement, évaluer la place que le locuteur doit occuper pour pouvoir légitimement prétendre à un discours sérieux, c’est-à-dire l’appartenance à la majorité ou à l’opposition, le nombre de députés faisant partie d’une formation politique, le poids accordé aux interventions par les autres députés.
Troisièmement, déterminer les différents concepts mobilisés dans le discours et les théories auxquelles ils donnent lieu :comment les députés parlent-ils des objets ?
L’objectif est double. D’une part, sur un axe diachronique, relever les discontinuités du discours, montrer comment et sur quels points il se modifie, comment l’évolution s’opère. D’autre part, sur un axe synchronique, tenter de découvrir l’unicité du discours, faire apparaître sa cohérence interne.
Puisque la recherche porte sur vingt ans et que le discours à la Chambre est particulièrement prolifique, il était matériellement impossible d’analyser la totalité de ce discours. Un choix a donc dû être opéré en rapport avec le sujet de cette recherche. Toujours est-il que l’analyse porte sur quelque 10.000 pages de ce discours. Partant d’une analyse des déclarations et communications gouvernementales selon le jeu proprement politique entre un gouvernement, une majorité qui le soutient et une opposition qui le critique, nous avons pu dégager une grille d’analyse qui a ensuite été appliqué aux deux objets particuliers :la violence et la jeunesse. La démarche se veut donc inductive dans le sens où la grille d’analyse est entièrement tirée de la première section et n’a pas été construite a priori.
La grille d’analyse s’élabore en quatre temps.
Premièrement, l’analyse des déclarations et communications nous permet de dégager trois périodes distinctes :de 81 à 88, de 88 à 92, de 92 à 99. Cette périodisation se vérifie à l’aune de deux critères :la structuration différente du champ politique et l’interprétation différenciée de la crise économique et de l’emploi.
En ce qui concerne le premier critère, il s’agit essentiellement du changement de coalition gouvernementale :de 81 à 88 une coalition libérale social-chrétienne est au pouvoir et ensuite les socialistes gouvernent avec les sociaux-chrétiens. Mais l’importance accrue de nouvelles forces politiques comme le Vlaams Blok et les écologistes et la disparition d’autres forces tels l’UDRT et les communistes participent également au changement de structure du champ politique.
Le deuxième critère de périodisation, c’est-à-dire l’interprétation différenciée de la crise, a été choisi pour sa prégnance :la gestion de la crise constitue en effet la préoccupation majeure des débats à la Chambre au cours de toute la période étudiée. Et cette gestion prend des formes différentes selon les périodes sélectionnées.
La deuxième étape de la construction de la grille d’analyse consiste à repérer une évolution similaire à propos de plusieurs thématiques :la politique générale, la politique de l’emploi, la politique de l’immigration, la politique de l’éducation, l’image véhiculée de la jeunesse ou la délinquance au sens large ainsi que sa prise en charge.
Au cours de la troisième phase, nous avons pointé les modifications dans les discours des forces politiques en présence, selon les périodes. Certains discours acquièrent de plus en plus de légitimité. Certains partis parviennent à inscrire durablement leurs objets privilégiés à l’agenda politique. Mais d’autres discours ou objets disparaissent. Ces trois étapes constituent l’analyse diachronique du matériel. Elle permet de relever les discontinuités dans le discours, de montrer comment les différents objets se construisent, s’analysent, évoluent, disparaissent puis réapparaissent sous des formes modifiées. Elle permet aussi de voir comment et pourquoi certains objets gagnent en importance.
Reste la quatrième étape. Elle relève l’unicité des discours en fonction de la périodisation retenue. C’est l’axe synchronique qui se concrétise par la grille d’analyse proprement dite. Quelle que soit la thématique envisagée, à l’intérieur de chaque période, le discours tenu à la Chambre se structure de façon identique. Le champ politique reste un espace de lutte, mais le « ce sur quoi les députés luttent » se métamorphose fondamentalement. Si ce changement est surtout manifeste entre la première période et la troisième période, la période intermédiaire est pourtant cruciale pour qu’il puisse s’opérer. Le discours optimiste face à l’avenir qui caractérise la période 88-92 et qui se base sur des indicateurs économiques favorables, va en effet permettre de passer de l’un à l’autre.
Dans la première période, les années 80, les débats se structurent autour de visions et de divisions de la réalité sociale qui sont clairement antagonistes. L’a priori historique, dirait Foucault, du champ politique est bien particulier. Les agents politiques défendent les intérêts de classes sociales en lutte et la lecture privilégiée est celle du conflit qui oppose patronat et travailleurs. Toutes les thématiques (violence, délinquance, immigration, emploi, éducation) sont abordées à travers ce prisme particulier. Dans ce contexte, le rôle de l’État est d’apaiser les tensions entre les classes sociales. Les écologistes sont les seuls à rester étrangers à ce débat. Ils ne défendent pas les intérêts d’une classe sociale particulière, en relation conflictuelle avec une autre. Ils privilégient plutôt une conception de l’être humain, de la dignité humaine, fortement inspirée par la philosophie des droits de l’homme.
L’image emblématique de la violence, dans cette première période, est la manifestation de contestation. Il s’agit d’une violence collective, qu’expriment les mouvements sociaux en ébullition. Pour les socialistes et les communistes, cette violence est souvent provoquée par les forces de l’ordre et elle répond par ailleurs à l’autre violence, peut-être moins visible mais tout aussi réelle, celle que le patronat fait subir aux travailleurs. Par contre, pour les libéraux, l’UDRT, le Vlaams Blok et, dans une moindre mesure les sociaux-chrétiens, la violence est entièrement le fait des manifestants. Ces partis adressent d’ailleurs une mise en garde à « ceux » qui incitent à la manifestation et donc à la violence, à savoir les socialistes.
Les socialistes et les communistes estiment en effet que le gouvernement, avec l’appareil d’État qu’il dirige, joue clairement la carte du patronat. Au lieu d’atténuer les conflits sociaux, l’Etat les exacerbe. Au lieu d’éradiquer la violence, il la stimule. Il n’apaise plus les tensions entre les classes sociales. C’est pourtant son rôle après tout. Pour les socialistes et les communistes, la mise en avant de la montée de l’insécurité et de la délinquance ne sert qu’à renforcer la politique de sécurité et les appareils de maintien de l’ordre, pour pouvoir contenir les débordements sociaux auxquels la politique néo-libérale va inévitablement mener. C’est l’interprétation qui est privilégiée par ces partis, quel que soit le type de violence en cause (hooliganisme, terrorisme).
Les écologistes, une nouvelle fois, ne participent pas au débat. Pour eux, la violence est celle d’une société productiviste, d’une société de consommation et les travailleurs y participent tout autant que le patronat.
En matière de jeunesse, la lecture est quelque peu différente. Elle ne passe pas par le prisme de la lutte des classes. Les députés ne parlent pas de la « jeunesse laborieuse », mais de la « jeunesse » tout court. Et tous évoquent le problème de sa future marginalisation. Les libéraux sont les seuls à ne voir aucun lien entre la marginalisation de ce groupe social particulier et sa précarisation accrue. Toutes les autres forces politiques font le lien de manière tout à fait explicite. La problématique du chômage des jeunes irrigue d’ailleurs l’ensemble des discussions. Tous les députés estiment qu’un peuple conscient de son avenir doit investir dans sa jeunesse, lui assurer une éducation de qualité et mettre en œuvre des politiques sociales actives à son égard.
Malgré ce consensus sur la finalité à poursuivre, des conceptions différenciées s’expriment évidemment en fonction de l’appartenance politique. Ainsi, pour les sociaux-chrétiens, s’il faut investir dans la formation des jeunes, c’est pour rendre ceux-ci plus compétitifs sur le marché du travail. L’opposition « de gauche » estime, quant à elle, que la jeunesse est fortement pénalisée par le gouvernement. Celui-ci se contente de défendre les thèses du patronat et ne se préoccupe que de réduire le déficit des finances publiques. Pour les socialistes, un jeune devra dorénavant être issu d’un milieu favorisé pour pouvoir prétendre à une intégration sociale réussie. Et les écologistes affirment que cette pénalisation de la jeunesse va tout à fait à l’encontre de son émancipation. Cette lecture en termes de risque de marginalisation est prédominante. Mais elle coexiste néanmoins avec une autre lecture, en termes de risque de révolte, qui s’exprime le mieux à travers l’adage :« qui sème la misère, récolte la colère ».
Dans la troisième période, les années 90, une nouvelle structuration du débat apparaît clairement. C’est une autre manière de lire la réalité, de la catégoriser et d’agir sur elle. Les discussions ne se structurent plus autour de classes sociales en conflit pour la sauvegarde de leurs intérêts mais autour d’une image de la société composée d’individus ayant des droits et des devoirs et sujets à des risques « sociaux ». Dans ces conditions, l’action étatique se modifie profondément. Le rôle de l’État n’est plus d’apaiser les tensions entre classes sociales et d’assurer l’intérêt général, mais d’inciter, voire de contraindre, les individus à s’adapter aux changements sociaux. Comme l’intervention de l’État devient de plus en plus proactive (il n’attend pas qu’un risque social se produise, il l’anticipe), sa politique devient de plus en plus ciblée. Ce ciblage de plus en plus fin permet un repérage et un calcul de plus en plus précis des risques justifiant une nouvelle intervention.
Au sein de la Chambre, les débats s’organisent alors autour de ce que nous avons appelé des binômes :le binôme prévention/répression, le binôme droit/devoir, le binôme intégration/exclusion. Les partis « de gauche » se montrent enclins à défendre les pôles prévention/droit/intégration, tandis que les partis de « droite » sont davantage disposés à défendre les pôles répression/devoir/exclusion. Sans conteste, cette dernière tendance domine largement la scène politique. De plus en plus de partis s’y rallient sans hésiter et le gouvernement s’en inspire dans ses réponses aux différentes interpellations et questions des députés.
Pour en arriver là, le discours politique a subi un nombre important de transformations. Des objets ont acquis une place importante :sécurité, justice, délinquance, insécurité, immigrés, illégaux, violence urbaine, pédophilie. D’autres ont disparu :patronat, travailleur. Les agents ont changé de place sur l’échiquier politique et certains ont acquis progressivement une légitimité plus importante :le Vlaams Blok et les libéraux. D’autres concepts et théories ont été mobilisés :intégration/exclusion, prévention/répression, droit/devoir, responsabilisation, activation, proactivité, efficacité, managment.
Ainsi par exemple, l’immigration devient un thème important dans les débats parlementaires. Les approches en présence se fondent sur deux des binômes :d’une part, intégration/exclusion, d’autre part, prévention/répression. Et il faut bien constater que le discours des députés penche de plus en plus vers une criminalisation accrue de l’immigration. Les discours sur les illégaux, sur les émeutes urbaines, sur la délinquance des jeunes immigrés, sur le terrorisme islamiste en témoignent. Les tenants des pôles intégration/prévention sont de plus en plus minoritaires. Mais quel que soit le type de discours, c’est l’ « étranger » qui est visé, alors que dans la première période, l’immigré était considéré comme un travailleur. A ce titre, il bénéficiait d’une représentation parlementaire au travers des partis qui défendaient les intérêts des travailleurs. Faute d’emploi et faute de parti affichant un intérêt pour la protection des salariés, il ne lui reste plus qu’à être stigmatisé dans son altérité.
Toutes ces modifications doivent également se lire à travers le prisme de la réorganisation du champ politique.
Ainsi le Vlaams Blok prend une place importante dans le discours de la Chambre des représentants. Il ne s’agit pas uniquement d’une importance quantitative. Les écologistes sont autant présents mais ils sont nettement moins influents. Indéniablement, le discours du Vlaams Blok acquiert une légitimité au sein de la Chambre et permet aux différentes formations politiques d’asseoir leur point de vue. Dans l’opposition, les écologistes estiment que le gouvernement se rallie un peu vite aux politiques sécuritaires prônées par ce parti. Inversement, pour les libéraux, il n’attache pas assez d’importance aux thématiques de la sécurité et surtout, de l’immigration.
Plus fondamentalement, les dominés ou les exclus comme on les appelle maintenant (jeunes, immigrés, précaires, toxicomanes, prostituées,…), ne sont pas ou plus représentés sur la scène politique, même s’ils sont la cible d’un important dispositif de politiques publiques. Et si certains partis semblent se préoccuper de leur sort (les écologistes, les socialistes et certains sociaux-chrétiens), la dimension conflictuelle fait totalement défaut à l’expression de leur intérêt. Mais quoi de plus normal dans une société composée d’individus « responsables » ?
En tout état de cause, il faut bien constater que le discours des libéraux devient progressivement hégémonique alors que, moins de vingt ans auparavant, il se situait en opposition aux autres. Il acquiert un capital symbolique tel qu’il structure l’ensemble des débats. Or, le parti qui le porte est dans l’opposition.
La prédominance du discours libéral se perçoit le mieux au travers de ce que les députés estiment être une intervention étatique légitime. Si l’Etat ne semble plus devoir intervenir dans le champ économique, puisqu’il n’y a plus d’alternative au système capitaliste et à l’économie de marché, tout se passe comme s’il était obligé d’intervenir davantage ailleurs. Et par exemple dans le champ de la sécurité en raison, d’ailleurs, des risques inhérents à la dérégulation dénoncée par les partis « de gauche » et certains sociaux-chrétiens. Le droit à la sécurité est ainsi de plus en plus proclamé partie intégrante de la justice sociale et, par là même, celle-ci est réduite à sa plus simple expression.
C’est bien cette métamorphose fondamentale du discours politique qui permet la rencontre de deux objets qui, jusque-là, étaient abordés séparément dans le discours des députés :la jeunesse et la violence.
En effet, la jeunesse n’est plus perçue comme un groupe social à part entière. Elle devient un ensemble d’individus qui sont porteurs de droits et de devoirs. Mais surtout, ils sont sujets à risques (risque de non-intégration pour les jeunes immigrés, risque de décrochage scolaire, risque de chômage, risque de délinquance) et font donc l’objet de politiques publiques de plus en plus ciblées.
La violence, quant à elle, n’est plus une violence collective découlant du conflit entre des classes sociales antagonistes, mais une violence « individuelle », qui est délinquance, c’est-à-dire violence urbaine, ou violence sexuelle.
L’image d’une jeunesse délinquante et violente, qu’il faut responsabiliser davantage, cohabite ainsi avec l’image d’une jeunesse victimisée, qu’il s’agit de protéger.
La rencontre de l’objet jeunesse et de l’objet violence a donc bien eu lieu. Au prix de l’avènement d’une nouvelle ère politique, qui ouvre le 21e siècle.
Doctorat en criminologie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Tangerino, Davi de Paiva Costa. "Apreciação critica dos fundamentos da culpabilidade a partir da criminologia: contribuições para um direito penal mais ético." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2136/tde-31012011-162514/.
Full textThe idea of guilt is deeply rooted in western thinking, permeating all areas of humanities. In criminal law, it appears as a restriction of liability by the offense result. With the consolidation of modern criminal rationality, however, it is strongly associated to a painful penalty, serving at the same time as its requirement and extent, that is, because Criminal Law manages a particular penalty, the painful penalty, it is necessary that the offense contains an additional requirement to other illegal acts - guilt - whose intensity will have direct impact on the setting of the reprimand. The first built notion of guilt within the theory of Criminal Law, therefore, is the award of a penalty to those who freely acted in contradiction to the legal system, which makes the criminal someone who deserves such punishment. This is based on the Enlightment Age image of a human being: free, equal and rational; on a consensual society image, whose legal essential goods, largely inherited from Natural Law, would also be valued by its members; and finally, on the perception of the penalty as the mirror image of the misuse of reason, represented by the crime. Despite the doctrinal evolution of guilt, such assumptions, here called pillars, remain unchanged. Criminology, however, demonstrates that such image does not hold; that society is heterogeneous; that legal assets are political choices and that the painful penalty has side effects possibly far more serious than the crime itself. Thus there is a contradiction between the discourse and practice of Criminal Law, with a punitive surplus, opposite to its ethical deficit. A possible track correction would be the untying of crime and punishment, redefining Criminal Law, guilt and criminal prosecution with the purpose of rebuilding the relationship damages with explicit contempt with respect to the painful penalty. Within the framework of modern criminal rationality, however, it is possible to see the strengthening of guilt in the presence of criminological criticism, especially in the presence of the error as to prohibition and exculpation. Limiting punitive power, the dogmatic would meetthe only viable mission in a Democratic State of Law, with the rescue of an ethical criminal law.