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Journal articles on the topic 'Critical incident stress management'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 5 February 2022

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1

Childre, Frances, Jennifer J. Lim, Janet Childs, and Kathy Gonsalves. "Critical Incident Stress Management." AAOHN Journal 48, no. 10 (October 2000): 487–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/216507990004801007.

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Everly, George S., Raymond B. Flannery, and Jeffrey T. Mitchell. "Critical incident stress management (Cism)." Aggression and Violent Behavior 5, no. 1 (January 2000): 23–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1359-1789(98)00026-3.

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3

Cudmore, Jessica. "Critical incident stress management strategies." Emergency Nurse 6, no. 3 (June 1, 1998): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/en.6.3.22.s13.

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4

Robinson, R. "Counterbalancing Misrepresentations of Critical Incident Stress Debriefing and Critical Incident Stress Management." Australian Psychologist 39, no. 1 (March 2004): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00050060410001660308.

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5

Richards, David. "A field study of critical incident stress debriefing versus critical incident stress management." Journal of Mental Health 10, no. 3 (January 2001): 351–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09638230124190.

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6

Blacklock, Eddie. "Interventions Following a Critical Incident: Developing a Critical Incident Stress Management Team." Archives of Psychiatric Nursing 26, no. 1 (February 2012): 2–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apnu.2011.04.006.

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Taneja, Narinder. "Emotional First Aid - Critical Incident Stress Management." Medical Journal Armed Forces India 61, no. 1 (January 2005): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0377-1237(05)80149-2.

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8

Reiprich, Holger. "Critical Incident Stress Management und Personzentrierte Krisenintervention." Gruppendynamik und Organisationsberatung 42, no. 1 (February 11, 2011): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11612-010-0133-4.

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9

Powers, Matthew F. "Critical Incident Stress Management: The Whole Team." Journal of Emergency Nursing 41, no. 1 (January 2015): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jen.2014.11.010.

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Caine, Randy M., and Levon Ter-Bagdasarian. "Early Identification and Management of Critical Incident Stress." Critical Care Nurse 23, no. 1 (February 1, 2003): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4037/ccn2003.23.1.59.

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Tortorici, Joanne, and Luna Kendall Johnson. "Adapting Critical Incident Stress Management to the Schools." Journal of School Violence 3, no. 4 (December 17, 2004): 59–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j202v03n04_05.

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Wuthnow, Julia, Sean Elwell, Joann McDaniels Quillen, and Nicole Ciancaglione. "Implementing an ED Critical Incident Stress Management Team." Journal of Emergency Nursing 42, no. 6 (November 2016): 474–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jen.2016.04.008.

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13

Wilkins, Brittany. "Review of Traumatic incident reduction and critical incident stress management: A synergistic approach." Traumatology 14, no. 1 (March 2008): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0099821.

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McCabe, Bhrett, and Edwin D. Boudreaux. "Emergency Psychiatry: Critical Incident Stress Management: II. Developing a Team." Psychiatric Services 51, no. 12 (December 2000): 1499–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.51.12.1499.

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Boudreaux, Edwin D., and Bhrett McCabe. "Emergency Psychiatry: Critical Incident Stress Management: I. Interventions and Effectiveness." Psychiatric Services 51, no. 9 (September 2000): 1095–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.51.9.1095.

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16

Batist, Kira, and Alissa Mallow. "Why Critical Incident Stress Management Teams Matter in Primary Care." Urban Social Work 5, no. 1 (April 1, 2021): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/usw-d-20-00008.

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ObjectiveCritical incident stress management (CISM) teams can be adapted in urban primary care clinics to address and process traumatic events in primary care. A guide for implementing the CISM team model within this setting is delineated.MethodsReview of existing literature and guide to implementation of CISM team in primary care.ResultsRespondents reported the team validated their reactions to the critical incident and were grateful for CISM presence.ConclusionDespite indications that vicarious traumatization, burnout, and compassion fatigue are rising (Bodenheimer & Sinsky, 2014; Coles et al., 2013; Woolhouse et al., 2012), there is little information about efforts to address this. Operating and emergency rooms and intensive care units utilize CISM (Maloney 2012; Powers, 2015); however, it's overlooked in primary care (Blacklock, 2012; Naish et al., 2002).

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17

Back, KJ. "Critical incident stress management for care providers in the pediatric emergency department." Critical Care Nurse 12, no. 1 (January 1, 1992): 78–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4037/ccn1992.12.1.78.

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Critical Incident Stress (CIS) is any event that evokes a critically high level of stress and makes usual coping skills ineffective. Programs to manage this stress have been developed. Due to the unique stressors encountered in the pediatric emergency department, this article proposes a CIS management program for these healthcare providers.

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Vogt, Joachim, Jörg Leonhardt, and Stefan Pennig. "Critical Incident Stress Management in Air Traffic Control and Its Benefits." Air Traffic Control Quarterly 15, no. 2 (April 2007): 127–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/atcq.15.2.127.

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19

Flannery, Raymond B., and George S. Everly. "Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM): updated review of findings, 1998–2002." Aggression and Violent Behavior 9, no. 4 (July 2004): 319–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1359-1789(03)00030-2.

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20

Hammond, Jeffrey S., and Jill Brooks. "EXPERIENCE WITH A HOSPITAL-BASED CRITICAL INCIDENT STRESS MANAGEMENT (CISM) TEAM." Critical Care Medicine 30, Supplement (December 2002): A37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003246-200212001-00131.

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Jones, DSW, Norma S. C., and Kamilah Majied, PhD. "Disaster mental health: A critical incident stress management program (CISM) to mitigate compassion fatigue." Journal of Emergency Management 7, no. 4 (July 1, 2009): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/jem.2009.0026.

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This article presents a critical incident stress management program (CISMP) that is designed to anticipate and mitigate the emotional impact of external and internal critical incidents upon individuals and groups who deliver disaster recovery services. This comprehensive program provides for immediate and sustained responses to assist disaster workers in effectively minimizing the emotional detriment of stressful incidents, resulting from interactions with disaster victims. Disaster workers have the potential to experience compassion fatigue as they listen to the disaster survivors’ stories of pain and losses, and work long work hours over extended work periods. The program is a structured, peer-driven, clinician-guided, and supported process designed to provide interventions to address disaster-related mental health issues. Emphasis is placed on individual peer support for immediate action, and specialized individual and group support, assessment, and referral is provided by a stress management clinician. Peer partners participate in a training program, which includes: (1) an overview of stress assessment and management; (2) critical/intervention orientation; (3) identification and utilization of peer support techniques; (4) event preplanning, event briefings, defusings, and debriefings; (5) protocol for responding to an incident; and (6) basic information on workplace violence.

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Garcia, Evangeline, and Denise A. Horton. "Supporting the Federal Emergency Management Agency Rescuers: A Variation of Critical Incident Stress Management." Military Medicine 168, no. 2 (February 1, 2003): 87–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/milmed/168.2.87.

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23

Devilly, G. J., and P. Cotton. "Caveat emptor, caveat venditor, and Critical Incident Stress Debriefing/Management (CISD/M)." Australian Psychologist 39, no. 1 (March 2004): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00050060410001660317.

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Heath, Robert. "Unwinding the mind: re-positioning management of critical incident stress, post-traumatic stress and prolonged duress stress." International Journal of Emergency Management 1, no. 2 (2002): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijem.2002.000516.

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Macnab, Andrew J., James A. Russell, John P. Lowe, and Faith Gagnon. "Critical Incident Stress Intervention After Loss of an Air Ambulance: Two-year Follow Up." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 14, no. 1 (March 1999): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x0002848x.

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AbstractObjective:Following an air ambulance crash with five fatalities, critical incident stress debriefing (CISD) was provided for involved paramedics, physicians, and nurses. A study was conducted to evaluate the long-term effects of a critical incident with critical incident stress debriefing according to the Mitchell model.Methods:Six months following the incident, empirically designed questionnaires were mailed to all transport paramedics and directly involved medical staff, and a random sample of both nurses from the dispatch/receiving institution and paramedics from around the province. Twenty-four months post-incident, all members of the transport paramedics completed the Impact of Events Scale and the General Health Questionnaires.Results:There were no differences between groups on any scores, except for disturbed sleep patterns, bad dreams, and the need for personal counseling being greater among transport paramedics at one day. There was no correlation between how well the deceased individuals were known, amount of debriefing, and symptom severity. A trend was seen for those with pre-existing stress management routines to have less severe symptoms at six months (p = 0.07). At two years, 16% of transport paramedics still had significant abnormal behavior.Conclusion:CISD did not appear to affect the severity of stress symptoms, whereas having pre-existing stress management strategies may. These findings give justification for proceeding to a randomized, controlled trial of different levels of critical incident stress intervention.

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Lee, Eun-Jung, and Jee-Hee Kim. "Cognitive behavior intervention for critical incident stress management in fire fighters in Korea." Journal of the Korea Convergence Society 6, no. 2 (April 30, 2015): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15207/jkcs.2015.6.2.013.

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Bormann, Jill E., Doug Oman, Jeanne K. Kemppainen, Sheryl Becker, Madeline Gershwin, and Ann Kelly. "Mantram repetition for stress management in veterans and employees: a critical incident study." Journal of Advanced Nursing 53, no. 5 (March 2006): 502–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2006.03752.x.

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Pack, Margaret Jane. "Critical incident stress management: A review of the literature with implications for social work." International Social Work 56, no. 5 (March 28, 2012): 608–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020872811435371.

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Rowan, Anderson B. "Air Force Critical Incident Stress Management Outreach with Pentagon Staff after the Terrorist Attack." Military Medicine 167, suppl_4 (September 1, 2002): 33–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/milmed/167.suppl_4.33.

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30

Morrison, Julie Q. "Social validity of the critical incident stress management model for school-based crisis intervention." Psychology in the Schools 44, no. 8 (November 2007): 765–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pits.20264.

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31

Jackson, Colleen A., and Glen W. Bates. "A wellness approach to the management of traumatic loss in schools: an examination of teachers' stress responses and coping strategies, and school response mechanisms." Journal of Psychologists and Counsellors in Schools 7 (November 1997): 75–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1037291100001266.

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This study was a qualitative examination of the stress responses and coping strategies of 21 teachers (12 women & 9 men), and school response mechanisms following a critical incident involving the death of a student or colleague. In order to explore the possibility that deaths of a relatively common nature can evoke high stress and grief responses, exceptional or large scale events, or those generating widespread public or media attention, were excluded. Findings showed that the impact on participants was high, and included cognitive, emotional, functional and physiological responses. Six discrete wellness factors, considered to contribute to effective coping, were identified: emotional and practical support, active involvement, responding according to individual need, access to information, readiness, and leadership. A salutogenic (wellness) approach to critical incident management was considered to provide a comprehensive and effective model for supporting individual teachers and the school in mobilising coping and restorative strategies and mechanisms. Implications for critical incident management in schools, and directions for further study, are discussed.

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32

Berman, Dene S., and Jennifer Davis-Berman. "Reconsidering Post-Traumatic Stress." Journal of Experiential Education 28, no. 2 (September 2005): 97–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/105382590502800204.

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This article serves to challenge the prevailing wisdom that suggests that most trauma is followed by post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and is best treated with critical incident stress debriefing (CISD). Instead, recent evidence suggests that many individuals exposed to stress do not experience stress responses. Even those who do, however, may not benefit from CISD. There is little support for outdoor adventure programs to require CISD after traumatic events. It is recommended that leaders be trained in assessment and trauma management with a special emphasis on case management and referral for participants who need professional mental health intervention.

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Bouslough, D. B., P. Biukoto, and S. Stracensky. "(A293) Critical Incident Stress Management and Mental Health Strategies after the 2009 American Samoan Tsunami." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 26, S1 (May 2011): s82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x11002779.

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BackgroundTsunamis are infrequent but devastating natural disasters. Loss of life, livelihood, and property contribute psychological stresses to an affected population, resulting in new psychiatric illness.ObjectiveTo describe post-disaster hospital, Department of Human Services (DHS), and Department of Education (DOE) methods of mental health resource dissemination, and their effectiveness.MethodsA retrospective review of after-action reports, psychiatric clinic charts, and key-informant interviews over a 4 month period was employed. Descriptive statistics were used to evaluate data.ResultsThe September 29, 2009 tsunami claimed 33 American Samoan lives. Hospital Family Assistance Center counselors aided families in the identification of 12 corpses, 9 missing persons, and providing psychiatric referral. Fifty-four hospital staff suffered loss. (Loss of: transportation, n = 13; utilities, n = 15; homes/shelter, n = 2). Coupled with the stresses of providing post-event medical care, the hospital staff was at high risk for psychiatric sequelae. Debriefing sessions for hospital staff were poorly attended due to conflicting work responsibilities, and an unfamiliar discussion format. DHS assembled four teams, each composed of one psychiatrist/psychologist leader and 6 crisis counselors. DOE school counselors utilized DHS mental health teams to screen all school aged children. The hospital psychiatry clinic remained the definitive referral destination. Federal mitigation grants provided funding for two psychiatrists, and two psychologists (including pediatric specialists) to augment hospital mental health capacity. Screening statistics and prevalence of psychiatric disease are further reported. Six month post-event rates of persistent psychiatric disease reflect that reported in recent literature (1-2%).ConclusionHospital critical incident stress management requires culturally acceptable counseling methods and administrative support. Family assistance counselors are key players in identifying the needs of families of the deceased. Student counseling services and collaborative mental health teams provide a novel approach to the dissemination of mental health services within a community.

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Kowalski, Kathleen Madland. "A human component to consider in your emergency management plans: the critical incident stress factor." Safety Science 20, no. 1 (July 1995): 115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0925-7535(94)00072-b.

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Müller-Leonhardt, Alice, Shannon G. Mitchell, Joachim Vogt, and Tim Schürmann. "Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM) in complex systems: Cultural adaptation and safety impacts in healthcare." Accident Analysis & Prevention 68 (July 2014): 172–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2013.12.018.

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Linton, John C., Martin J. Kommor, and Clifford H. Webb. "Helping the helpers: The development of a critical incident stress management team through university/community cooperation." Annals of Emergency Medicine 22, no. 4 (April 1993): 663–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0196-0644(05)81844-x.

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Spall, Andreas, Marcel Van der Auwera, Jessica Gerstner, Yasmeen M. Taalab, and Robert Wunderlich. "Safety and Security in International Humanitarian Missions – Assessing the Stress Level of Responders in Critical Situations during a Realistic Full-Scale Training." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 34, no. 6 (October 21, 2019): 575–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x19005016.

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AbstractIntroduction:Crises, wars, and disasters are remarkably increasing across the world. Responders are frequently tackled with an ever-greater number of challenges, and undoubtedly, they are physically and mentally affected during and after their missions, during which posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is considered high-risk. To the authors’ knowledge, no studies have addressed which type of incident has the greatest influence to trigger stress, and consequently, to cause PTSD for the responders after their missions.Methods:A prospective longitudinal study was conducted with 69 participants of the “Safety and Security” course at the Federal Office for Civil Protection and Disaster Aid of the Federal Ministry of Interior Affairs (Berlin, Germany). The course is certified by the Hostile Environment Awareness Training (HEAT) guidelines of Europe’s New Training Initiative for Civilian Crisis Management (ENTRi; Center for International Peace Operations; Berlin, Germany). Four incidents were evaluated: hostage-taking, carjacking, evacuation, and border-crossing. The participants completed the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) before and after each incident. For each incident, the delta of the PANAS scores was calculated. The differences between the described incidents, as well as the differences between novice and experienced responders, were evaluated.Results:The hostage-taking incident had the greatest influence on the participants’ temper, followed by carjacking and evacuation. Ultimately, the border-crossing event had the least effect on the responders. Novices were more affected by hostage-taking than experienced responders; however, no significant difference had been demonstrated between novices and experienced responders for the other evaluated incidents.Conclusion:Different incidents have big psychological impacts on humanitarian responders, in which consequences vary from short-term effects to PTSD. Therefore, humanitarian responders should be selected very carefully. They should also have more specific preparation for their missions. Mental after-care should be obligatory. Further studies are needed to understand and avoid reasons for the development of PTSD or other potential problems of responders.

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建政, 杜. "危急事件应激管理评介An Introduction to Critical Incident Stress Management." Advances in Psychology 03, no. 06 (2013): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/ap.2013.36a004.

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Lifeso, Natasha, Matthew Hicks, and Chloe Joynt. "45 Helping the Helpers: Peer Critical Incident Stress Management for NICU Health Care Providers to Improve Resilience, Burnout and Patient Safety." Paediatrics & Child Health 25, Supplement_2 (August 2020): e19-e19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pch/pxaa068.044.

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Abstract Introduction/Background Health care providers in neonatal intensive care units (NICU) experience critical or distressing events that can overwhelm their usual coping skills and lead to significant stress. Ineffective support for health care providers dealing with critical incidents can lead to poor unit resilience, staff burnout and compromised patient care behaviours. A formalized peer program and process to address critical workplace incidents and support care providers, “Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM)” is used in many first responder professions. While there is growing interest in implementing peer CISM teams in critical care units, there is a lack of research describing the impact of CISM in NICU. Objectives This study examined the effect of implementing a multidisciplinary NICU health care provider peer CISM team on resilience, burnout, and team/safety culture in a tertiary NICU. Design/Methods Multidisciplinary team members were peer selected and formally CISM trained. Change management strategies were employed to introduce CISM to the NICU. All health care providers were invited to complete an anonymous online or paper survey before and 1 year after NICU CISM team implementation. The survey contained validated measures of resilience, burnout, and team/safety culture that were analyzed pre and post intervention. Results The response rate pre-intervention was 66% (114/172 staff) and 32% post (60/186 staff). Stress recognition significantly improved as fewer staff reported being less effective at work when feeling stressed post incident (74% vs 61%, pre and post CISM respectively, p<0.05) (Table 1). Fewer staff reported feeling burned out from their work (41% vs 31%, p=0.4), trending towards improved resilience (Table 1). Communication in the NICU significantly improved as staff indicated debriefing methods met their needs (38% vs 57%, p<0.05) and felt comfortable speaking up about safety concerns (66% vs 78%) (Table 1). Post-intervention, despite feelings of increased workload indicated by a significant decrease in agreement that “NICU staff levels were sufficient for patient load” (54% vs 33%, p<0.001), a majority of staff reported a supportive environment in the NICU (59% vs 77%, p=0.08) (Table 1). Work culture significantly improved as staff felt rewarded and recognized for improving quality (13% vs 31%, p<0.05) (Table 1). Conclusion Implementation of a peer CISM team led to improved NICU care provider resilience, stress recognition, and team culture, all of which can mitigate the effects of increased patient load. Findings from this research and knowledge gained from the CISM implementation process should be shared with other health care environments.

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Pack, Margaret Jane. "The Role of Managers in Critical Incident Stress Management Programmes: A Qualitative Study of New Zealand Social Workers." Journal of Social Work Practice 28, no. 1 (August 13, 2013): 43–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02650533.2013.828279.

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41

Anderson, Gregory S., Paula M. Di Nota, Dianne Groll, and R. Nicholas Carleton. "Peer Support and Crisis-Focused Psychological Interventions Designed to Mitigate Post-Traumatic Stress Injuries among Public Safety and Frontline Healthcare Personnel: A Systematic Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 20 (October 20, 2020): 7645. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17207645.

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Public safety personnel (PSP) and frontline healthcare professionals (FHP) are frequently exposed to potentially psychologically traumatic events (PPTEs), and report increased rates of post-traumatic stress injuries (PTSIs). Despite widespread implementation and repeated calls for research, effectiveness evidence for organizational post-exposure PTSI mitigation services remains lacking. The current systematic review synthesized and appraised recent (2008–December 2019) empirical research from 22 electronic databases following a population–intervention–comparison–outcome framework. Eligible studies investigated the effectiveness of organizational peer support and crisis-focused psychological interventions designed to mitigate PTSIs among PSP, FHP, and other PPTE-exposed workers. The review included 14 eligible studies (n = 18,849 participants) that were synthesized with qualitative narrative analyses. The absence of pre–post-evaluations and the use of inconsistent outcome measures precluded quantitative meta-analysis. Thematic services included diverse programming for critical incident stress debriefing, critical incident stress management, peer support, psychological first aid, and trauma risk management. Designs included randomized control trials, retrospective cohort studies, and cross-sectional studies. Outcome measures included PPTE impacts, absenteeism, substance use, suicide rates, psychiatric symptoms, risk assessments, stigma, and global assessments of functioning. Quality assessment indicated limited strength of evidence and failures to control for pre-existing PTSIs, which would significantly bias program effectiveness evaluations for reducing PTSIs post-PPTE.

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Frushour, Susan Tydings. "Western State Hospital disaster response, Franklin, Virginia: September/October 1999 GO TEAM narrative report." Journal of Emergency Management 2, no. 3 (July 1, 2004): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/jem.2004.0032.

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This article describes the efforts of the Western State Hospital (WSH) GO TEAM staff to develop a mental health, disaster response program based on their own Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM) team. Four social workers from WSH were deployed to eastern Virginia following significant flooding caused by Hurricane Floyd. Their experiences and the lessons they learned are detailed in this article.

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Wesemann, Ulrich, Manuel Mahnke, Sarah Polk, Antje Bühler, and Gerd Willmund. "Impact of Crisis Intervention on the Mental Health Status of Emergency Responders Following the Berlin Terrorist Attack in 2016." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 14, no. 2 (July 23, 2019): 168–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2019.60.

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ABSTRACTObjective:The most common crisis intervention used with German rescue workers is Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM). Results regarding its effectiveness are inconsistent. A negative reinforcement of avoidance, due to premature termination of strong emotions during the Critical Incident Stress Debriefing (CISD), may explain this. The effectiveness of the CISD after terror attacks in Germany has not yet been investigated.Methods:All emergency responders deployed at the terror attack on Breitscheidplatz in Berlin were invited to take part in the study; 37 of the N = 55 participants had voluntarily participated in CISD; 18 had not.Results:Participants with CISD showed lower quality of life in psychological health and higher depressive symptomatology. Of these, females had lower quality of life in social relationships, whereas males showed more posttraumatic stress symptoms. Emergency responders from non-governmental organizations had higher phobic anxiety. Emergency medical technicians showed more somatic and depressive symptoms.Conclusion:There is no conclusive explanation for why rescue workers with CISD score worse on certain measures. It is possible that CISD has a harmful influence due to negative reinforcement, or that there was a selection effect. Further research differentiating occupational group, sex, and type of event is necessary.

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Morrison, Julie Q. "Perceptions of Teachers and Staff Regarding the Impact of the Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM) Model for School-Based Crisis Intervention." Journal of School Violence 6, no. 1 (May 7, 2007): 101–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j202v06n01_07.

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45

Lewis, Rachel, Joanna Yarker, Emma Donaldson-Feilder, Paul Flaxman, and Fehmidah Munir. "Using a competency-based approach to identify the management behaviours required to manage workplace stress in nursing: A critical incident study." International Journal of Nursing Studies 47, no. 3 (March 2010): 307–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2009.07.004.

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46

Sansom, Guy, and Sandra L. Neate. "Medical Staff Response to the Introduction of Peer-Supported Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM): A Study of Attitudes at a Tertiary Hospital." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 15, S2 (September 2000): S65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00031629.

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Lyrakos, G., A. Morochliadis, D. Gerogianni, M. Ypofandi, N. Fragkos, I. Spyropoulos, F. Mpakomitrou, and V. Spinaris. "Epidemiological Study of Loss Management in a Greek Hospital. the Difference Between Grief Management and Critical Incidence Stress Management (CISM)." European Psychiatry 30 (March 2015): 1259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(15)32010-1.

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48

Ørner, R. J., A. Avery, and C. Boddy. "Status and development of critical incident stress management services in the United Kingdom National Health Service and other emergency services combined: 1993–1996." Occupational Medicine 47, no. 4 (1997): 203–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/occmed/47.4.203.

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Katzman, Joanna G., Laura E. Tomedi, George Everly, Margaret Greenwood-Ericksen, Elizabeth Romero, Nils Rosenbaum, Jessica Medrano, et al. "First Responder Resiliency ECHO: Innovative Telementoring during the COVID-19 Pandemic." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 9 (May 4, 2021): 4900. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094900.

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Abstract:

The First Responder ECHO (Extension for Community Outcomes) program was established in 2019 to provide education for first responders on self-care techniques and resiliency while establishing a community of practice to alleviate the enormous stress due to trauma and substance misuse in the community. When the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic hit the United States (US) in March 2020, a tremendous strain was placed on first responders and healthcare workers, resulting in a program expansion to include stress mitigation strategies. From 31 March 2020, through 31 December 2020, 1530 unique first responders and frontline clinicians participated in the newly expanded First Responder Resiliency (FRR) ECHO. The robust curriculum included: psychological first aid, critical incident debriefing, moral distress, crisis management strategies, and self-care skills. Survey and focus group results demonstrated that, while overall stress levels did not decline, participants felt more confident using psychological first aid, managing and recognizing colleagues who needed mental health assistance, and taking time for self-care. Although first responders still face a higher level of stress as a result of their occupation, this FRR ECHO program improves stress management skills while providing weekly learning-listening sessions, social support, and a community of practice for all first responders.

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Newbold, Katherine M., Jeffrey M. Lohr, and Richard Gist. "Apprehended Without Warrant." Criminal Justice and Behavior 35, no. 10 (October 2008): 1337–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854808321655.

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Abstract:

The practice of professional psychology was founded on empirical science. Subsequent development of the profession reveals a gap that is partially the result of the popularization of junk science in legal and judicial domains. A greater threat comes from pseudoscience, which presents serious professional issues for those who work in trauma-related emergency services and law enforcement. The most widely promoted service is Critical Incident Stress Debriefing and Management, but scientific evidence does not justify its application. The authors describe the promotion and implementation of these services within the FBI and the professional difficulties that ensued. They also provide suggestions as to how such difficulties could have been avoided and apply them to other domains of law enforcement.

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