Relevant bibliographies by topics / Critical Incident Technique (CIT)

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
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Academic literature on the topic 'Critical Incident Technique (CIT)'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Critical Incident Technique (CIT)"

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Viergever, Roderik F. "The Critical Incident Technique: Method or Methodology?" Qualitative Health Research 29, no. 7 (January 2, 2019): 1065–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049732318813112.

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The critical incident technique (CIT) is a qualitative research tool that is frequently used in health services research to explore what helps or hinders in providing good quality care or achieving satisfaction with care provision. However, confusion currently exists on the nature of the CIT: Is it a method for data collection and analysis or a methodology? In this article, I explain why this distinction is important and I argue that the CIT is a methodology (and not a method) for the following reasons: Key methodological dimensions are described for the CIT; it has a clear focus; studies that apply this technique make use of various methods for data collection and analysis; it describes, explains, evaluates, and justifies the use of a specific format for those methods; it implies philosophical and practical assumptions; and studies that use the CIT cannot easily make use of additional methodologies simultaneously.
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Bott, Gregory, and Dennis Tourish. "The critical incident technique reappraised." Qualitative Research in Organizations and Management: An International Journal 11, no. 4 (November 14, 2016): 276–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/qrom-01-2016-1351.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to offer a reconceptualization of the critical incident technique (CIT) and affirm its utility in management and organization studies. Design/methodology/approach Utilizing a case study from a leadership context, the paper applies the CIT to explore various leadership behaviours in the context of nonprofit boards in Canada. Semi-structured critical incident interviews were used to collect behavioural data from 53 participants – board chairs, board directors, and executive directors – from 18 diverse nonprofit organizations in Alberta, Canada. Findings While exploiting the benefits of a typicality of events, in some instances the authors were able to validate aspects of transformational leadership theory, in other instances the authors found that theory falls short in explaining the relationships between organizational actors. The authors argue that the CIT potentially offers the kind of “thick description” that is particularly useful in theory building in the field. Research limitations/implications Drawing on interview material, the authors suggest that incidents can be classified based on frequency of occurrence and their salience to organizational actors, and explore the utility of this distinction for broader theory building purposes. Practical implications Principally, the paper proposes that this method of investigation is under-utilized by organization and management researchers. Given the need for thick description in the field, the authors suggest that the approach outlined generates exceptionally rich data that can illuminate multiple organizational phenomena. Social implications The role of nonprofit boards is of major importance for those organizations and the clients that they serve. This paper shed new light on the leadership dynamics at the top of these organizations and therefore can help to guide improved practice by those in board and senior management positions. Originality/value The CIT is a well-established technique. However, it is timely to revisit it as a core technique in qualitative research and promote its greater use by researchers. In addition, the authors offer a novel view of incidents as typical, atypical, prototypical or archetypal of organizational phenomena that extends the analytical value of the approach in new directions.
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McDaniel, Matthew M., William A. Borgen, Marla J. Buchanan, Lee D. Butterfield, and Norm E. Amundson. "The Philosophical Underpinnings of the Enhanced Critical Incident Technique." Canadian Journal of Counselling and Psychotherapy 54, no. 4 (December 12, 2020): 738–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.47634/cjcp.v54i4.68139.

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Since its introduction in 1954, the critical incident technique (CIT) has been modified for use within counselling psychology and undergone several contemporary enhancements. While the method’s procedures and history have been described thoroughly, its philosophical underpinnings have not. This article seeks to fill this gap by contrasting the most current iteration of the CIT (i.e., the enhanced critical incident technique, or ECIT) across the philosophy of science paradigms. The ECIT is found to contain specific and rigorous post-positive epistemological elements and a flexible ontological position. This makes the ECIT a malleable method that can meet the needs of researchers from multiple perspectives.
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Weyers, Michael L., and Andriette M. van den Berg. "The success factors in community work services." International Social Work 49, no. 2 (March 2006): 177–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020872806061225.

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English The article contains the results of a study in which the critical incident technique (CIT) was used to determine success factors in community work services. The results were also compared with those of a typical opinion survey. The CIT proved to be a more neutral and effective research tool. French Cet article révèle les résultats d'une recherche pour laquelle la technique d'incidents critiques (TIC) a été utilisée afin de déterminer les facteurs de succès dans la dispensation des services communautaires. Les résultats ont également été comparés à ceux d'un sondage d'opinions dites typiques. Cette étude prouve que la TIC est un instrument plus neutre et plus efficace que le sondage d'opinions typiques. Spanish Se dan los resultados de un estudio en el que se usó la técnica de incidente cr'tico (critical incident technique, CIT) para identificar factores que influyen el éxito de servicios de trabajo comunitario. Los resultados se compararon también con los de una encuesta de opinión t'pica. La CIT probó ser un instrumento de investigación más neutral y efectivo.
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Hughes, Hilary. "An expanded critical incident approach for exploring information use and learning." Library and Information Research 36, no. 112 (September 27, 2012): 72–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/lirg492.

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Critical incidents offer a focus for exploratory research about human experiences, including information use and information literacy learning. This paper describes how critical incidents underpinned research about international students’ use of online information resources at two Australian universities. It outlines the development and application of an expanded critical incident approach (ECIA), explaining how ECIA built upon critical incident technique (CIT) and incorporated information literacy theory. It discusses points of expansion (differences) between CIT and ECIA. While CIT initially proved useful in structuring the research, the pilot study revealed methodological limitations. ECIA allowed more nuanced data analysis and the integration of reflection. The study produced a multifaceted word picture of international students’ experience of using online information resources to learn, and a set of critical findings about their information literacy learning needs. ECIA offers a fresh approach for researching information use, information experience, evidence-based practice, information literacy and informed learning.
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Dasinger, Timothy M., and Melinda A. Solmon. "Using Critical Incident Technique to Investigate Anxiety in Physical Activity Settings." Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology 43, no. 2 (April 1, 2021): 171–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsep.2020-0065.

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Physical activity participation is linked with many benefits including a reduction in anxiety; it is, however, also important to explore aspects of activity that incite anxiety. One way to investigate sources of anxiety in physical activity is to use the critical incident technique (CIT). The purpose of this study was to explore anxiety-inducing events in physical activity settings and to evaluate the impact on future behavior. A total of 122 participants (M = 21.23 ± 1.77 years) completed an online survey asking when a physical activity setting incited anxiety using the CIT. Four common sources of anxiety were evident in the responses: fragile self-beliefs, social interaction and the threat of negative social evaluation, competition, and a lack of knowledge or unfamiliarity with surroundings. Tenets from achievement goal theory can help to explain the incitement of anxiety and can help shape physical activity settings to be more inclusive and welcoming for all.
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Hwang, Seomok, and Hyo-Heon WON. "A Study on the Factors of Dissatisfaction and Relative Severity of Lifelong Education Programs Using Critical Incident Technique (CIT)." JOURNAL OF FISHRIES AND MARINE SCIENCES EDUCATION 31, no. 1 (February 28, 2019): 324–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.13000/jfmse.2019.2.31.1.324.

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Kummer, Ingrid, Jovana Mudric, Tamara Cikaric, Ljiljana Tasic, Andrijana Milosevic-Georgiev, and Valentina Marinkovic. "The patients' perception of the quality of community pharmacy services using the Critical Incident Technique (CIT)." Vojnosanitetski pregled, no. 00 (2020): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp200518123k.

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Introduction / Aim. The Critical Incident Technique (CIT) is a qualitative research method for measuring consumer satisfaction by collecting and analysing information on participants and their activities. This method allows participants to present their detailed experiences related to a particular service in the way they perceive them. The study aimed to examine patients' perceptions of an incident occurred in community pharmacies using CIT and determine recommendations for improving the quality of pharmacy services. Methods. A qualitative study using an interview based on CIT was conducted in three pharmacies in Serbia, on the territory of Krusevac city. The entire course of the interviews was recorded, which provided detailed research. Results. A total of 68 critical incidents were collected and divided into two groups: positive (37) and negative (31), depending on the (dis)satisfaction of patients with the services of pharmacists in community pharmacies. The following thematic clusters of pharmacy services were covered: accessibility of community-based pharmaceutical services, pharmacist behaviour, patient counselling, dispensing of drugs and / or medical devices, compounding, and pharmacy sales / commercial practice. Conclusion. The results show that CIT is a useful tool for evaluating and improving pharmaceutical services. Based on the data collected, various aspects of community pharmacy services can be improved and further research should be carried out.
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Choi, A.-Young, and Ong-Youn Rha. "Understanding the Consumer Experience in Retailing Channel Using Critical Incident Technique." Korean Journal of Human Ecology 20, no. 6 (December 31, 2011): 1185–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5934/kjhe.2011.20.6.1185.

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Kim, Myung-a. "Qualitative Research on Utilization of Facebook by College Students Using Critical Incident Technique CIT: Focusing on Chonbuk University Students." Korea Jouranl of Communication Studies 27, no. 2 (May 28, 2019): 107–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.23875/kca.27.2.5.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Critical Incident Technique (CIT)"

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Chadwick, Andrew T. "Implications for Resident Adviser Training Programs: Using the Critical Incident Technique to Evaluate the RA Experience." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32018.

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This study was designed to determine the ability of the Critical Incident Technique (CIT) to advise changes to training regiments offered to Resident Advisers (RAs). The CIT was devised as a tool in the field of organizational psychology. Its purpose is to assist in analyzing the success of individual team members by examining the self-reported occurrence of incidents on the job, which are deemed critical. The Critical Incident Technique has been implemented with success in business and military applications. This powerful tool allows researchers to make valuable observations about the realities faced by individuals on the job. These observations make it possible to devise and improve existing training methods capitalizing on these realities.

Data for this study came from an examination of incident reports (IRs). RAs generate IRs in response to different kinds of issues faced working with resident college students. Three regional institutions agreed to participate in this study and helped to diversify the data collected. This study addresses the following questions:

  1. What are the critical incidents RAs experience most often on the job?
  2. Is there a difference between the critical incident types reported in residence halls by institutional type?
  3. Is there a difference between the critical incident types reported by hall types?
  4. Is there a difference between the critical incident types reported by gender?
  5. What implications do the findings have for future RA training?
Four types of demographic information were collected from the IRs: institution type (large public, midsize public, and small private), hall type (male, female, or coed), RA gender, and incident type. Conducting a survey of the literature concerning RA training and the CIT, generated five general categories of incidents on which RAs report.
  • Crisis situations
  • Policy enforcement
  • Facilities management
  • Administr/ative procedures
  • Advising
Specific measures including coding, and excision of sensitive information (such as sexual assaults sexual identity situations) from documents were used to protect the confidentiality and anonymity of the parties involved. When data collection was complete, a chi-squared test of significance was used to examine the relationships between the incident types reported and each of the other three variables (gender, institution type, and hall type).

After analyzing the data using the statistical research methods described above, it was possible to make recommendations for future RA training. This study examines the impact of institutional environment, department philosophy, and personal bias on the training of RAs. The results suggest that each of these factors influences the success of RAs, and defines the environments in which resident students live.
Master of Arts

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Blay, Karen B. "Resilience in projects : definition, dimensions, antecedents and consequences." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2017. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/27531.

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Disruptions can cause projects to fail. Within the project management literature, approaches to managing disruptions consist of uncertainty, risk, opportunity, change, and crisis management. These approaches focus on developing strategies to manage perceived threats and also work towards predicting risk, therefore, reducing vulnerability. This vulnerability-reduction only focus is limiting because it takes the focus away from the development of a general capacity for readiness and for responding to uncertain situations. A resiliency approach enables a simultaneous focus on vulnerability reduction, readiness and response and thus ensures recovery. Given the context and discipline specific nature of the resilience concept, and the little or no attention in projects, this thesis conceptualises resilience in projects. This conceptualisation is to enable the identification of factors to consider and indicators to ensure overall project recovery, through the identification of dimensions and antecedents of resilience respectively. The aim of this study therefore, is to develop a framework to conceptualise resilience in projects. To achieve this aim, three case studies, namely; building, civil engineering and engineering construction projects were investigated. Within each case study, the critical incident technique was employed to identify disruptions and their management through direct observations of human activities, narration of critical incidents and review of documents on disruption. Following this, a comparative analysis and synthesis of the case studies was carried out and findings revealed definition, dimensions, antecedents and consequences of resilience in projects. Specifically, resilience in projects is defined as; the capability of a project to respond to, prepare for and reduce the impact of disruption caused by the drifting environment and project complexity. The dimensions of resilience are; proactivity, coping ability, flexibility and persistence. Proactivity can be defined as an anticipatory capability that the project takes to influence their endeavours whilst coping ability can be defined as the capability to manage and deal with stress caused by disruptions within the projects. Furthermore, flexibility can be defined as the capability of a project to manage disruption by allowing change but ultimately making sure that the aim is maintained and persistence is the capability to continue despite difficult situations. Several antecedents of these dimensions of resilience are identified. For proactivity these include contract, training, monitoring, contingency and experience. For coping ability these include the contract, training, contingency and experience. For flexibility these include open-mindedness, planning, continual monitoring and continual identification of ideas and for persistence these include continual monitoring, planning and negotiation. Also, the consequence of resilience in projects is recovery through response, readiness and vulnerability reduction. This conceptualisation of resilience is then synthesised into a validated framework for resilience in projects. Theoretically, this research provides definition, dimensions, antecedents and consequence for resilience in projects and a theoretical starting point for the concept of resilience in projects. The significance of this research to practice is the identification and development of a more holistic perspective of managing disruptions in projects through the identified dimensions, antecedents and consequences. These dimensions, antecedents and consequences provide clarity for the roles of project managers and team members in managing disruptions and thus, expand the eleventh knowledge area; project risk management, of the Project Management Book of Knowledge (PMBOK). In addition, the dimensions, antecedents and consequences of resilience in projects contribute to the curriculum development in project management and thus, provide factors and indicators that project managers require in managing disruptions.
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Alexandersson, Erik, Andrea Martin, and Jonas Ortman. "Att mäta tjänstekvalité inom B2B." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Business Studies, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-8793.

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Syftet med denna uppsats är att analysera hur tjänstekvalité inom B2B kan utvärderas samt att analysera om ViewsCapture, en frågeteknik med öppna frågor där respondenten själv kategoriserar sina egna kommentarer, kan tillföra något till befintliga metoder. Vidare avses att koppla samman utvärderingsmetoder med de olika syften företag har för att mäta kvalité.

Uppsatsen byggs upp av en omfattande litteraturstudie om vad tjänster och tjänstekvalité är, samt varför det är viktigt att utvärdera tjänstekvalité inom B2B. De utvärderingsmetoder som beskrivs i uppsatsen är dels attributbaserade och dels händelsebaserade metoder. Empiridelen består av material från Unified Dialogs AB som har utvecklat frågetekniken ViewsCapture som sedan analyseras tillsammans med befintliga metoder.

Undersökningen visar att tjänstekvalité handlar om att infria de förväntningar kunden har på en tjänst. Om kunderna skiljer sig signifikant ifrån varandra faller det sig naturligt att mer kvalitativa och mindre standardiserade metoder bör passa bättre. Det beror på att varje kund är unik och tillvägagångssättet många gånger inte är standardiserat, därför är det svårare att på förhand generalisera kring vad företagets kunder finner problematiskt. Genom användning av ViewsCaptures frågeteknik med öppna frågor skapas förutsättningar för att vidareutveckla de befintliga mätmetoderna i syfte att bättre tjäna företags och forskares syften för mätningen. Detta görs exempelvis genom att inhämtning av djupare information från attributbaserade mätmetoder möjliggörs samt att analys av de öppna svaren från en händelsebaserad metod underlättas.

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Bektesevic, Senada. "”Som en blixt från klar himmel” : En kvalitativ studie om patienter som insjuknar i stroke under sin sjukhusvistelse." Thesis, Hälsohögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, HHJ. Kvalitetsförbättring och ledarskap inom hälsa och välfärd, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-31420.

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Bakgrund: Vetenskapliga artiklar visar att patienter som får stroke under sin sjukhusvistelse får sämre omhändertagande än strokepatienter som direktinläggs. Litteraturen visar även att det behövs mer kunskap om vilka förbättringar som kan behöva göras för att få en säker, kunskapsbaserad och effektiv stroke sjukvård. Syfte: Studiens syfte är att identifiera händelser som har varit kritiska i omhändertagandet av inneliggande patienter som insjuknar i stroke. Metod: CIT (Critical Incident Technique) har använts som datainsamlingsmetod, denna har använts inom flygvapnet men har på senare tid fått större användning i bl. a hälso- och sjukvården. Kvalitativ innehållsanalys enligt Burnard (1996) ligger till grund för bearbetning av materialet. Analysen utgick ifrån 10 intervjuer med sjuksköterskor som har erfarenhet av patienter som insjuknat i stroke på vårdavdelning. Intervjuer är genomförda på 5 (fem) olika typer av avdelningar inom Sahlgrenska sjukhuset under våren 2016. Resultat: Kritiska händelser förekommer i samband med omhändertagande inom alla delar av vården av patienter som insjuknar i stroke under sin sjukhusvistelse. Övergripande kategorier är: oförutsedd händelse, bristande resurser riskerar patientsäkerheten och specialistvårdens baksida/organisatoriska hinder. Kategorierna identifieras inom mikro-, meso- och makrosystem för sig samtidigt som de interagerar mellan de olika systemen. Slutsatser: Tillgång till aktuella mätningar är viktig för att få en överblick över det aktuella läget för inneliggande strokepatienter i form av antal och var de inträffar. Studien visar att det finns ett stort behov av en välfungerande strokekedja för inneliggande strokepatienter och att det finns genomförda projekt i USA som kan vara till hjälp för framtida förbättringar i stroke vården. Det är även viktigt att lägga fokus kommunikation och information till anhöriga.
Background: Scientific articles has shown that patients that have had a stroke during their hospitalization receive lesser degree of care, than patients that has been admitted with a stroke. Literature has shown we need more knowledge how to improve stroke care to get a secure, knowledge based and effective stroke care in hospitals. Aim: The study aims to identify the events that have been critical in the management of hospitalized patients who suffer a stroke. Method: CIT has been used as a data collection method to bring in information, it has been used in the airforce and more recently has been used more widely in national healthcare. Qualitative contents analysis, according to Burnard (1996), gives basis for analyzing the material. The analysis was based on 10 interviews with nurses who have experience of patients diagnosed with stroke during hospitalization. Interviews were conducted at 5 (five) different departments within the Sahlgrenska Hospital in spring 2016. Result: Critical events occur in connection with care in all parts of the care of in-hospital patients who suffer a stroke. Overall categories: unexpected event, the safety of patients affected by department resources and the backside of specialist care. The categories identified in the micro, meso and macro systems are interacting between the different systems. Conclusion: Access to current measurements is important to get an overview of the current state of in-hospital stroke patients in the form of numbers and where they occur. The study shows that there is a great need for a well-functioning stroke chain for in-hospital stroke patients and that there are implemented projects in the US that could be helpful for future improvements in stroke care. It is also important to focus on communication and information to relatives.
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Egevad, Per. "Probleminventering av några forskares informationshantering : En fråga för biblioteket?" Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Biblioteks- och informationsvetenskap / Bibliotekshögskolan, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-19321.

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The aim of this Master’s thesis is to investigate if the library can be a real partner for researchers in managing and dealing with their research information. In this study, six researchers have been interviewed about their problems with information management. This study uses the method Critical Incident Technique for the interviews with the researchers. This method focuses mainly on problems and what happens around those problems. The interview results have been prepared with automatic clustering and analysed with the help of a theoretical model from Minnesota University Library. This is a model of the scholarly research process described in four overlapping areas: 1) Discover, 2) Gather, 3) Create and 4) Share. The studies result gives that there seems to be no problem with accessing full text information, the problem is rather narrowing down the search to get enough time to read it all. The researchers do not find any search skills in the library that match their own search skills. On the question if the library works well as a partner, the answer in this study is no. The researchers do not see the library as a partner in working with research information, but only as a supplier of documents. When they need assistance, they turn to colleagues, students, email, and as a last resort, the library.
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Barkouli, Al. "Organizational Leaders’ Experience with Fear-Related Emotions: A Critical Incident Study." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1432137751.

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Mannerhagen, Anders. "Smartphone apps for bank services : A design case." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-78713.

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The fast paced evolution of technology has changed the way people interact with service providers in a significant way; the introduction of new service delivery channels has mainly been based on technological advances rather than on customer needs. During the last 20 years the banks have extended their service offerings from just having the branch offices to the multichannel service delivery systems of today, including; phones, computers and smartphone apps. Previous research has concluded that there were many barriers for mobile banking to become a widespread service delivery channel for banks, such as technical limitations, trust issues and social obstacles. In order to understand the role of the smartphone in this multichannel ecology, a qualitative interview study was undertaken focusing on the customers’ perception of the bank. The results show that the choice of channel is dependent on personal characteristics, perceived risk, context and how the task itself is perceived. The results show that the current role of the smartphone is complementary to the other channels, providing the customer with basic banking services wherever they are; it supports the customer in the activity of managing ones private economy and providing the informant with the feeling of control. The results also include insights into the life of three customers and their interaction with their bank over the course of one month in the form of customer journey maps.
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Foss, Richard Wayne. "The Impact of Critical Incident Team Training on Arrest and Diversion Rates." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6425.

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The Critical Incident Team (CIT) training program equips police officers with knowledge regarding mental illness and practical skills for effectively interacting with a mentally ill suspect. In addition to improving officer and suspect safety by decreasing the number of violent encounters between police and the mentally ill, CIT goals include reducing the number of mentally ill individuals who are arrested and providing them with assistance through community resources. However, there is a lack of empirical research on whether CIT training decreases arrest rates and increases diversion rates for mentally ill subjects. The purpose of this quantitative study was to measure the effects of CIT training on arrest and diversion rates of mentally ill subjects. The theoretical foundation for the study was evidence-based policing. Reports from a single police department in the southwestern United States were reviewed, and arrest and diversion incidents from 6-months pre and post CIT training for 30 police officers were collected. A paired-samples t test was used to analyze the data, which indicated that there was not a statistical difference in arrest rates or diversion rates between pre and post CIT training. Results corroborated the findings of other studies showing that arrest and diversion rates are not affected by CIT programs. Law enforcement agencies that currently have or are looking to implement a CIT program may find the study useful, as it reports an increase in resources being provided to mentally ill subjects following contact with a CIT officer. Recommendations include additional research into the effectiveness of the CIT program as well as the continuation of collaboration between community mental health organizations and police, both of which may lead to positive social change.
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Anderson, Lindsey M. "Assessing job relatedness in an in-basket test using the critical incident technique." Menomonie, WI : University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2007. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2007/2007andersonl.pdf.

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Thompson, Jennifer Anne. "Investigating the Effectiveness of Applying the Critical Incident Technique to Remote Usability Evaluation." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36220.

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Remote usability evaluation is a usability evaluation method (UEM) where the experimenter, performing observation and analysis, is separated in space and/or time from the user. There are several approaches by which to implement remote evaluation, limited only by the availability of supporting technology. One such implementation method is RECITE (the REmote Critical Incident TEchnique), an adaptation of the user-reported critical incident technique developed by Castillo (1997). This technique requires that trained users, working in their normal work environment, identify and report critical incidents. Critical incidents are interactions with a system feature that prove to be particularly easy or difficult, leading to extremely good or extremely poor performance. Critical incident reports are submitted to the experimenter using an on-line reporting tool, who is responsible for their compilation into a list of usability problems. Support for this approach to remote evaluation has been reported (Hartson, H.R., Castillo, J.C., Kelso, J., and Neale, W.C., 1996; Castillo, 1997). The purpose of this study was to quantitatively assess the effectiveness of RECITE with respect to traditional, laboratory-based applications of the critical incident technique. A 3x2x 5 mixed-factor experimental design was used to compare the frequency and severity ratings of critical incidents reported by remote versus laboratory-based users. Frequency was measured according to the number of critical incident reports submitted and severity was rated along four dimensions: task frequency, impact on task performance, impact on satisfaction, and error severity. This study also compared critical incident data reported by trained users versus by usability experts observing end-users. Finally, changes in critical incident data reported over time were evaluated. In total, 365 critical incident reports were submitted, containing 117 unique usability problems and 50 usability success descriptions. Critical incidents were classified using the Usability Problem Inspector (UPI). A higher number of web-based critical incidents occurred during Planning than expected. The distribution of voice-based critical incidents differed among participant groups: users reported a greater than expected number of Planning incidents while experts reported fewer than expected Assessment incidents. Usability expert performance was not correlated, requiring that separate analyses be conducted for each expert data set. Support for the effectiveness in applying critical incidents to remote usability was demonstrated, with all research hypotheses at least partially supported. Usability experts gave significantly different ratings of impact on task performance than did user reporters. Remote user performance versus laboratory-based users failed to reveal differences in all but one measure: laboratory-based users reported more positive critical incidents for the voice interface than did remote users. In general, the number of negative critical incidents decreased over time; a similar result did not apply to the number of positive critical incidents. It was concluded that RECITE is an effective means of capturing problem-oriented data over time. Recommendations for its use as a formative evaluation method applied during the latter stages of product development (i.e. when a high fidelity prototype is available) are made. Opportunities for future research are identified.
Master of Science
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Books on the topic "Critical Incident Technique (CIT)"

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French, A. A. Qualitative analysis in practice: The critical incident technique. [Cranfield]: Cranfield Institute of Technology, Department of Social Policy, 1989.

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1956-, Tovey Phillip, ed. Growing in ministry: Using critical incident analysis in pastoral care. Cambridge: Grove Books, 2000.

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Donigian, Jeremiah. Critical incidents in group therapy. Monterey, Calif: Brooks/Cole, 1987.

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Wilson, Sandra R. Use of the critical incident technique to evaluate the impact of MEDLINE: Final report. Palo Alto, CA: American Institutes for Research, 1989.

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1941-, Cooper Michael D., Siegel Elliot R, Starr-Schneidkraut Norma, and American Institutes for Research, eds. Use of the critical incident technique to evaluate the impact of MEDLINE: Final report. Palo Alto, CA: American Institutes for Research, 1989.

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Champion, John M. Critical incidents in management: Decision and policy issues. 6th ed. Homewood, Ill: Irwin, 1989.

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Champion, John M. Critical incidents in management: Decisions and policy issues. 5th ed. Homewood, Ill: R.D. Irwin, 1985.

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J, Malnati Richard, ed. Critical incidents in group therapy. Monterey, Calif: Brooks/Cole, 1987.

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1943-, Hulse-Killacky Diana, ed. Critical incidents in group therapy. 2nd ed. Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole-Wadsworth, 1999.

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Mary, Corkrean, ed. Critical incidents in nursing management. Norwalk, Conn: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1986.

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Book chapters on the topic "Critical Incident Technique (CIT)"

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Pandith, Akshatha, Mark Lehto, and Vincent G. Duffy. "The Impact of Change in Software on Satisfaction: Evaluation Using Critical Incident Technique (CIT)." In Digital Human Modeling, 717–26. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02809-0_76.

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Kriegel, Johannes. "Critical Incident Technique (CIT) und Design Thinking im Gesundheitswesen am Beispiel der Patient Experiences in der geriatrischen Gesundheitsversorgung." In Symposium Qualitative Forschung 2018, 209–41. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-28693-4_10.

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Jacobs, Ronald L. "Critical Incident Technique." In Work Analysis in the Knowledge Economy, 129–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94448-7_9.

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Spencer-Oatey, Helen, and Claudia Harsch. "The Critical Incident Technique." In Research Methods in Intercultural Communication, 223–38. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119166283.ch15.

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Serrat, Olivier. "The Critical Incident Technique." In Knowledge Solutions, 1077–83. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0983-9_123.

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Gelbrich, Katja. "Blueprinting, sequentielle Ereignismethode und Critical Incident Technique." In Qualitative Marktforschung, 617–33. Wiesbaden: Gabler, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8349-9441-7_39.

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Rundle-Thiele, Sharyn, Dariusz Siemieniako, and Wieslaw Urban. "Persuasion Knowledge Model as a Framework for Researching Loyalty Dynamism using Critical Incident Technique." In Marketing Dynamism & Sustainability: Things Change, Things Stay the Same…, 775. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10912-1_242.

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Chell, Elizabeth. "An Investigation of the Social Construction of the Entrepreneurial Personality by Means of the Critical Incident Technique." In Proceedings of the 1998 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference, 304–9. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13084-2_68.

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Bartsch, Silke, and Nina Specht. "Die Critical Incident Technique (CIT)." In Theorien und Methoden der Betriebswirtschaft, 373–96. Vahlen, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.15358/9783800644377_373.

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Martínez-Argüelles, María J., José M. Castán, and Angel A. Juan. "Using the Critical Incident Technique to Identify Factors of Service Quality in Online Higher Education." In Advancing the Service Sector with Evolving Technologies, 295–311. IGI Global, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-0044-7.ch019.

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Information technologies are changing the way in which higher education is delivered. In this regard, there is a necessity for developing information systems that help university managers measure the quality of online services offered to their students. This paper discusses the importance of considering students’ perception of service quality. The authors then identify key factors of service quality, as perceived by students, in online higher education. To this end, the Critical Incident Technique (CIT) is proposed as an effective qualitative methodology. Some benefits of this methodology are highlighted and an exploratory research is carried out in a real environment to illustrate this approach. Results from this research explain which quality dimensions are considered the most valuable to online students. Information provided by this methodology can significantly improve strategic decision-making processes in online universities worldwide.
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Conference papers on the topic "Critical Incident Technique (CIT)"

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Guimin, Duan, Weiping Yu, Zhuoying Li, and Hongsheng Ma. "Improving medical service quality based on the Critical Incident Technique." In 2012 9th International Conference on Service Systems and Service Management (ICSSSM 2012). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsssm.2012.6252184.

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Nylén, Aletta, and Ville Isomöttönen. "Exploring the critical incident technique to encourage reflection during project-based learning." In Koli Calling 2017: 17th Koli Calling International Conference on Computing Education Research. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3141880.3141899.

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Ewertowski, H., N. Schneider, and S. Stiel. "Wie wird allgemeine ambulante Palliativversorgung erlebt? – Ergebnisse aus Interviews mit Patienten, Angehörigen, Hausärzten und Medizinischen Fachangestellten nach der Critical Incident Technique." In 12. Kongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Palliativmedizin. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1669254.

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Grimm, Brian A., and John P. Parmigiani. "The Role of Strength in Determining Composite Material Toughness Using the Interface Indentation Fracture Test." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-88004.

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Understanding fracture behavior at the interfaces of brittle composite materials requires appropriate measurement techniques for fracture toughness. Due to their simplicity and convenience, indentation techniques are attractive solutions. One such technique is the interface indentation fracture (IIF) test, which measures the relative toughness of interfaces between brittle materials by introducing a series of indents at various angles of incidence (0–90°) to the interface, from which crack growth will either be by penetration through the interface or by deflection (debonding) along it. Larger angles of incidence promote penetration and smaller angles promote deflection, so by noting the critical angle at which propagation changes from penetration to deflection, the IFF test can make inferences about relative fracture toughness of different interfaces tested under similar conditions. However, as previous work by Parmigiani and Thouless has shown, the penetration vs. deflection behavior of a crack incident to an interface is a function not only of interface fracture toughness but also of interface strength. Interface cohesive zone elements in a finite element model incorporating both fracture toughness and strength criteria were used to study the propagation behavior of cracks normally incident to brittle composite interfaces. In the follow up work presented here, the cohesive zone method (CZM) has been extended to study cracks that occur at varying angles of incidence to these interfaces. Results show that IIF testing does not always result in unique values for relative fracture toughness; when interface strength is varied, it is possible for identical IIF-test critical angles to correspond to differing interface toughness values and, conversely, for differing critical angles to correspond to identical fracture toughness values. To properly employ the IFF test method, this phenomenon must be taken into account.
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Sibetheros, I. A., J. M. Niedzwecki, and P. Teigen. "Analysis of Wave Run-Up Measurements on a Mini-TLP." In ASME 2005 24th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2005-67437.

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Wave run-up on deepwater offshore structures may contribute to wave overtopping of the platform deck. It may also cause undesirable loads including impact loads on the underside of the deck when combined with other hydrodynamic phenomena beneath the platform deck. In this study a 1:40 scale model of an unmanned mini-TLP design was subjected to a series of design sea environments for the Gulf of Mexico. Complimentary testing of compliant and fixed hull configurations was performed and the wave run-up was measured at several locations around the hull in both head and quartering sea orientations of the platform. The wave elevation data reported here was obtained at three critical points on the hull and a reference wave gage well upstream of the model. Analysis of the data was performed using an orthogonal third order Volterra series system analysis technique. The wave run-up measurements were compared and correlated to the incident wave elevation measurements. The results indicate that the run-up is more pronounced in the rigid hull model configuration than for the compliant model configuration and this was the case for both headings. Further, the analysis revealed a strong linear relationship between wave run-up and the incident wave field over the high wave energy frequency band. This result adds credence to the previously proposed simplified computational procedures for estimating the second order wave run-up on large cylinders in random waves.
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Lee, J. H., J. S. Sadhu, and S. Sinha. "Generating Near-THz Surface Acoustic Waves Using Picosecond Ultrasonics." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-11211.

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We present here a technique to generate high frequency SAW in non-piezoelectric substrate with nanostructure grating of period less than 100 nm fabricated on it. A short pulse laser (with rise time less than 100fs) incident on this structure creates a periodic thermal stress due to the differential absorption in the substrate and the grating. We show that this stress sets up a surface acoustic wave on the substrate that can be detected optically. Modeling the generation process and analysis of SAW spectrum reveals the critical parameters to be controlled for obtaining SAW of high frequency. We show that the grating period less than 50 nm, a laser pulse of rise time less than 100fs and substrate properties like high optical absorption and high Rayleigh velocity are necessary for generating surface acoustic waves in near-THz range. This work provides quantitative guidelines on the design of near THz phononics.
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Du, Jikai. "Integrity Evaluation of Composite Cylindrical Structures." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-87158.

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The application of composite material in structures can not only lower the component weight but also improve the system performance through its tailorable thermal and mechanical properties. However, because of the harsh environmental conditions that such structures may encounter during operation, the successful applications of such structures cannot be realized without appropriate techniques for their structural integrity evaluation. In this study, composite cylindrical structures consisting of composite and steel layers are being evaluated with X-ray diffraction technique and various ultrasound techniques. First, X-ray diffraction technique was applied for the quantitative determination of the residual stress in the steel layer. The influence of composite layer on the stress distribution was analyzed and how such residual stress study will improve the performance of the structure was discussed. Then various ultrasound techniques were applied for the detection of various defects, such as the defects at the surface and subsurface of inner steel layer, the different types of defects in the outer composite layer, and the defect, which is the most critical one, at the interface of steel/composite layer. During ultrasound evaluation, the composite material may not only increase the ultrasound attenuation but also change ultrasound traveling direction, and this can make the inspection more challenging. Theoretical calculations were carried out for the optimization of experimental parameters such as ultrasound frequency, incident angle, and focused ultrasound field calculation and so on. The limitations of ultrasound technique and the potential of other non-destructive techniques were also discussed according to experimental results.
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Gao, Wen, Tom Harrup, Yuxia Hu, and David White. "Effect of a Strong Middle Layer on Spudcan Penetration." In ASME 2014 33rd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2014-23925.

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The rapid penetration of one or more of the foundations of a mobile jack-up rig into the seabed is an ongoing major problem in the offshore industry, with the potential to cause major damage to the structure and endangering any personnel on board. A recent example is the jack-up drilling rig Perro Negro 6 incident happened near the mouth of the Congo river in July 2013 with one of the rig’s crew of 103 reported missing and six others injured. This uncontrollable displacement is due to a form of failure known as punch through failure and commonly occurs on stratified seabed profiles. It has been reported that unexpected punch-through accidents have resulted in both rig damage and lost drilling time at a rate of 1 incident per annum with consequential costs estimated at between US$1 and US$10 million [1]. This paper presents the bearing capacity profiles and associated soil flow mechanisms of a common spudcan foundation penetrating into a three layer soft-stiff-soft clay soil through the use of large deformation finite element (LDFE) analysis. The Remeshing and Interpolation with Small Strain (RITSS) [2, 3] technique was implemented in the software package AFENA [4] to conduct the LDFE analysis. Both soil layer thickness and soil layer strength ratios were varied to study their effect on the spudcan penetration responses. The LDFE results of spudcan penetration into the soft-stiff-soft clay soils were calibrated by existing centrifuge test data. A parametric study was then conducted to study the bearing capacity responses and soil flow mechanisms during spudcan large penetrations by varying the soil layer strength ratio and relative layer thickness to the diameter of spudcan. It was found that there were three types of bearing responses during continuous penetration of spudcan: (a) when the top soft layer is relatively thin, the spudcan bearing response was similar to that of two layer soils with stiff over soft clays; (b) when the top soil layer thickness is medium, a peak resistance is observed when spudcan penetrates into the middle stiff layer followed by reduction; (c) when the soil layer is thick, the peak resistance occurs when spudcan gets into the bottom soft soil layer. The critical thickness of top soil layer is a function of soil strength ratio and middle stiff soil layer thickness. The bearing response types were also corresponding to the soil cavity formations during spudcan initial penetration.
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Miller, James E., Lindsey R. Evans, John N. Stuecker, Mark D. Allendorf, Nathan P. Siegel, and Richard B. Diver. "Materials Development for the CR5 Solar Thermochemical Heat Engine." In ASME 2006 International Solar Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isec2006-99152.

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The counter-rotating-ring receiver/reactor/recuperator (CR5) solar thermochemical heat engine is a new concept for production of hydrogen that allows for thermal recuperation between solids in an efficient counter-current arrangement. At the heart of the CR5 system are annular rings of a reactive solid ferrite that are thermally and chemically cycled to produce oxygen and hydrogen from water in separate and isolated steps. This design is very demanding from a materials point of view. The ferrite rings must maintain structural integrity and high reactivity after months of thermal cycling and exposure to temperatures in excess of 1100 °C. In addition, the design of the rings must have high geometric surface area for gas-solid contact and for adsorption of incident solar radiation. After performing a series of initial screenings, we chose Co0.67Fe2.33O4 as our baseline working material for a planned demonstration of CR5 and have begun additional characterization and development of this material. Our results to date with powders are consistent with the expectation that small particle sizes and the application of a support to inhibit ferrite sintering and enhance the chemistry are critical considerations for a practical operating device. Concurrent with the powder studies, we are using Robocasting, a Sandia-developed technique for free form processing of ceramics, to manufacture monolithic structures with complex three-dimensional geometries for chemical, physical, and mechanical evaluation. We have demonstrated that ferrite/zirconia mixtures can be fabricated into small three-dimensional monolithic lattice structures that give reproducible hydrogen yields over multiple cycles.
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Waheed, Bushra, Brodie Couch, Gouri Bhuyan, Hassan Iqbal, and Eddie Lee. "Compliance Oversight of Operators’ Integrity Management Program for Pipelines: A Risk Based Evaluation Approach Incorporating Safety Culture." In 2018 12th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2018-78240.

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Integrity Management Program (IMP) is a systematic and documented program for assuring asset integrity throughout the full life cycle of an asset. To ensure safe and reliable operation, the British Columbia Oil and Gas Commission (Commission) has been requiring its licensed pipeline operators through its regulations to develop and implement pipeline integrity management programs (IMPs) in accordance with Canadian Industry Standard CSA Z662. The auditing process, the collated results and findings from the IMP audit years (2011–15) were published in IPC 2016-64161[1]. Since 2016, the Commission has enhanced its IMP compliance assurance process, and aligned it with the management system approach using Deming’s model of plan-do-check-act (PDCA) for IMP components and incorporated a lifecycle approach that spans the entire lifecycle of a pipeline system from planning to abandonment. In addition, the Commission has adopted a multi-criteria decision-making approach when prioritizing which operators to audit. This method utilizes weighted rank approach and takes into account multiple factors, such as, previous IMP audit results, pipeline length and product, class location, incident frequency, and asset age. Through collaborative efforts with the University of British Columbia (Okanagan), an innovative risk based audit tool — Integrity Management Program Audit and Knowledge Tool (IMPAKT) has been developed to help evaluate the compliance of operators’ IMP in terms of the management system approach and its associated risk. This tool conducts three-dimensional analysis of IMP performance using the failure mode effect analysis (FMEA) technique and allows the Commission to generate a risk profile for each IMP component to determine which components are most critical, requiring immediate attention. The final audit results are presented as a Risk Priority Number (RPN), which is a product of severity, occurrence and action. An effective integrity management program requires a strong safety culture, therefore, safety culture aspects are incorporated into the risk based auditing tool, IMPAKT. This risk based evaluation process also allows the Commission to develop a compliance benchmark to make comparison between different operators’ IMP results for continuous performance improvement. This paper presents the innovative approach developed and implemented by the Commission for the IMP compliance oversight (auditing) process and implication of such changes.
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