Relevant bibliographies by topics / Critical loads

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Critical loads'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 3 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Critical loads"

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Lovett, G. M. "Critical issues for critical loads." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 110, no. 3 (December 27, 2012): 808–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1219007110.

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Pardo, L. H., and C. T. Driscoll. "A critical review of mass balance methods for calculating critical loads of nitrogen for forested ecosystems." Environmental Reviews 1, no. 2 (July 1, 1993): 145–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/a93-011.

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Critical loads are used in the assessment of air pollution and regulation of the causative emissions to prevent or mitigate ecological damage. We critically review four mass balance methods for calculating critical loads for nitrogen deposition: the steady-state water chemistry method, the nitrogen mass balance method, the basic cation mass balance method, and the steady-state mass balance method. The critical loads may be calculated with respect to effects of acidification associated with nitrate leaching or effects of elevated nitrogen such as eutrophication, excess nitrate loss, and nutrient imbalances. The most useful method for calculating the critical load for nitrogen with respect to effects of elevated atmospheric deposition of nitrogen is the nitrogen mass balance method. The steady-state water chemistry method can be readily applied for regional-scale calculations because it requires only water chemistry data from synoptic surveys of surface waters and does not explicitly consider biogeochemical processes. Both of the other approaches are severely limited by lack of quantitative information on rates of mineral weathering. If weathering data were available, the steady-state mass balance method could be more effectively used to assess critical loads with respect to acidification. Similarly, the basic cation mass balance method could be used to calculate critical loads for both acidity and elevated nitrogen effects. Because of the complexity of the nitrogen cycle, it is not possible to obtain a single critical load for the whole ecosystem. Rather, one should analyze and synthesize several values of critical loads that reflect different components of the ecosystem and different ecological effects of elevated nitrogen deposition (e.g., acidification and eutrophication effects).Key words: atmospheric deposition of nitrogen, acidification, critical loads, nitrogen cycling.
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Posch, Maximilian, Julian Aherne, and Jean-Paul Hettelingh. "Nitrogen critical loads using biodiversity-related critical limits." Environmental Pollution 159, no. 10 (October 2011): 2223–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2010.11.001.

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S, Ganesh, Chiranjit Ghosh T, Kokilasree R, Nandhakumar M, and Md Haroon Alim T. "DC UPS for Critical Loads." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 5, no. 2 (April 1, 2015): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v5i2.pp231-242.

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<p>The usual way to avoid a computer shutdown during a mains failure is to connect an uninterruptible power supply system (UPS), which can be suitably modified and fitted inside the computer cabinet by the use of proposed methodology known as a dc UPS. Conventional desk top UPS systems store electricity in form of chemical energy in batteries and when ever mains fail the batteries provide DC power which is then converter to ac by inverter and then fed to the computer in order to save critical data. Thus power from mains or from UPS is fed to switched mode power supply unit which converts it to dc to supply the computer motherboard and accessories. Leaving the case of the computer powered by mains, duing power failure the dc power is unnecessarily converted to ac and then to dc again in SMPS hence high switching losses and heat is produced there by making the entire system very lowe efficient. In this work it is proposed to directly feed the dc power from the battery to the computer SMPS system by building a UPS arrangement within the computer system. This not noly saves space, it is highly efficient compared to the conventional ups system, easy to carry, low cost and reliable since there is no change over operation is required/. A complete design of an ac to dc power supply with an internal dc UPS is presented in this paper. . A prototype has been fully developed and tested as a PC power supply. Thus the result is achieved at full power about 6-8 minutes.</p>
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(Steve) Sheppard, S. C. "Critical Loads Changing with Time." Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal 14, no. 3 (June 2, 2008): 439–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10807030802073701.

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DeWinkel, C., and J. D. Lamoree. "Storing power for critical loads." IEEE Spectrum 30, no. 6 (June 1993): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/6.214584.

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Bull, K. R. "Critical loads ? Possibilities and constraints." Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 85, no. 1 (1995): 201–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00483701.

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Bull, K. R. "An introduction to critical loads." Environmental Pollution 77, no. 2-3 (1992): 173–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0269-7491(92)90074-k.

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Hettelingh, Jean Paul, Harald Sverdrup, and Dianwu Zhao. "Deriving critical loads for Asia." Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 85, no. 4 (December 1995): 2565–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01186220.

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Lindberg, Herbert E. "Dynamic Pulse Buckling of Imperfection-Sensitive Shells." Journal of Applied Mechanics 58, no. 3 (September 1, 1991): 743–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2897258.

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The theoretical basis of two related but distinctly different dynamic buckling criteria are summarized with the objective of demonstrating the range of applicability of each, so that together they cover the entire range of dynamic pulse loads from nearly impulsive loads to step loads of infinite duration. The example chosen is a cylindrical shell under elastic axial loads but the approach is applicable more generally. A critical amplification-of-imperfections criterion with a linear shell theory is shown to be applicable for short duration loads, for which a threshold nonlinear divergence criterion gives loads an order of magnitude too conservative. Conversely, the linear theory is inapplicable for long duration loads, for which critical loads are lower than the linear static buckling load because of imperfection sensitivity. In this range the threshold nonlinear divergence criterion is used. For loads of intermediate duration, an extended critical amplification criterion is used with equations that conservatively assume zero static buckling load but give an unchanged formula for critical load amplitude-duration combinations.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Critical loads"

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Kernan, Martin Richard. "Predicting surface water critical loads at the catchment scale." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.298825.

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Current applications of the critical loads concept are geared primarily towards targeting emission control strategies at a national and international level. In the UK maps of critical loads for freshwaters are available at 10km2 resolution based on a single representative site in each grid square. These maps do not take variations of water chemistry within mapping units into account and are therefore of limited use for application to non-mapped sites. This thesis describes the development of an empirical statistical model, which uses nationally available secondary data, to predict freshwater critical loads for catchments lacking the appropriate water chemistry information. A calibration exercise using data from 78 catchments throughout Scotland is described. Water chemistry for each catchment has been determined and each catchment is characterised according to a number of attributes. Multivariate statistical analysis of these data shows clear relationships between catchment attributes and water chemistry and between water chemistry and diatom critical load. The key variables which explain most of the variation in critical load relate to soil, geology and land use within the catchment. Using these variables (as predictors) in a regression analysis diatom critical load could be predicted across a broad gradient of sensitivity (R2adj = c. 0.8). The predictive power of the model was maintained when different combinations of explanatory variables were used. This accords the model a degree of flexibility in that model paramaterisation can be geared towards availability of secondary data. There are limitations with the model. These relate to the nature of the predictor variables and the ability of the model to predict critical loads for more sensitive sites. Nevertheless the ability of the model to differentiate between sensitive and non-sensitive sites offers considerable scope for environmental managers to undertake national inventories of catchment sensitivity and specific assessments of individual catchments.
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BURGOS, RODRIGO BIRD. "EVALUATION OF CRITICAL LOADS AND INITIAL POST-BUCKLING BEHAVIOR OF PORTAL FRAMES." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2005. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=6714@1.

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CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
Nesta dissertação estuda-se a flambagem e o comportamento pós-crítico inicial de pórticos planos através da formulação de elementos finitos com graus de liberdade adicionais para posterior implementação no programa de análise FTOOL. Realizaram-se análises linearizadas para a determinação das cargas críticas clássicas e modos de flambagem de colunas com diferentes condições de contorno. Em um segundo momento, realizaram-se testes numéricos no sentido de prever a estabilidade do caminho pós-crítico (sensibilidade a imperfeições) de algumas estruturas cujos resultados analíticos são conhecidos. Finalmente, criaram- se alguns exemplos no FTOOL para comprovar a sua eficácia na obtenção de cargas críticas e avaliação do comportamento pós-crítico inicial de pórticos planos. Utilizou-se o pórtico de Roorda como exemplo para a detecção da sensibilidade a imperfeições, devido à sua simplicidade e ao conhecimento dos seus resultados analíticos.
The buckling and post-buckling behavior of portal frames are studied by the formulation of finite elements with additional degrees of freedom in order to implement a new routine for obtaining critical loads in FTOOL, a structural analysis educational interactive system. Linearized analyses were performed in order to obtain critical loads and buckling modes for columns with different boundary conditions. Later, numerical tests were done in order to predict the stability of the post- critical path (sensitivity to imperfections) of some structures which analytical results are known. Finally, some examples were modeled in FTOOL to verify its accuracy in obtaining critical loads of portal frames. Roorda s frame was used as an example for the detection of the sensitivity to imperfections, based on its simplicity and knowledge of its analytical results.
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MacPhee, Kirsty Potts. "Hydrochemistry, soil chemistry and critical loads of selected upland moorland catchments, Scotland." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1997. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU094086.

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This thesis presents precipitation, streamwater and soil chemistry from three upland catchments in Scotland situated upon granite parent material and receiving different deposition loadings. Marine ions are identified as important components of precipitation and streamwater at the two coastal sites (Bealach and Cardoon) and lesser importance at the inland site (Allt a'Mharcaidh). Similar ratios of Na:Ca:Mg in precipitation and streamwater indicate the importance of catchment hydrology and organic soils in controlling streamwater chemistry. Input/output budgets indicate SO4-S and H+ loss from the Cardoon (a region of high acid deposition inputs) compared with the other two less polluted sites which exhibit SO4-S and H + retention. The SO4-S loss from the Cardoon is also associated with a high DOC flux in streamwater. In all three catchments differences were found between published critical load values and those calculated as part of this study. Seasonal and annual variations in critical loads for freshwaters at all sites indicate sampling for the national mapping exercise does not reflect the most acid-sensitive periods. Streamwater was also more sensitive than standing waters, with lower critical load values. Soil critical load values were lower than published soil critical load values as well as freshwater critical loads calculated in this study. Inclusion of marine-derived base-cations in PROFILE calculations of soil critical loads increased values markedly (1 keq ha-1yr -1) at the 2 coastal sites. Soil critical load varied little between horizons, suggesting that the identification of hydrologically important mineral horizon was not important. Lowest critical load values for freshwaters were controlled by the organic horizons which are not considered in PROFILE calculations. The implications of the omission of organic horizons from critical load calculations for soil in upland catchments are discussed and the use of critical loads at a catchment based level addressed.
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Smith, Carol M. S. "Assessment of critical loads of acidity for selected U.K. upland organic soils." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1993. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU555089.

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The use of critical loads of acidity to quantify damage to sensitive components of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems has developed rapidly over the last decade. While much work has focused on defining damage to forested ecosystems, surface waters and groundwaters, there has been little work done on defining critical loads of acidity for ombrotrophic and minerotrophic peat. This thesis presents a modelling approach to quantify damage to ombrotrophic peat ecosystems, since such damage can result in a decline in both surface water quality and the ability of peat to act as an absorbent to aerial pollutants. Initial investigations were concerned with the factors which could be included in investigations of critical loads of N and acidity to the surface organic horizons of forest and moorland soils. The modelling approach was then developed from a series of laboratory-based simulation experiments to investigate the effect of contents of H&'43 , Ca2&'43 and Mg2&'43 in rainfall upon the chemistry of the peat ion exchange complex. The basic tenet of the modelling approach was that ion exchange equilibria for peat is rapid, mineral input to the surface of ombrotrophic peat from mineral weathering is negligible and that atmospheric inputs of wet and dry deposition will dominate the peat chemistry. These simulation experiments provided peat pH values resulting from equilibration with the simulated rainfall. By combining these with databases of atmospheric depositon for the U.K., critical loads of acidity and the present day peat pH were calculated and mapped. The critical load values for peat thus obtained were incorporated in the U.K. Critical Load mapping program, which was used to support the on-going European negotiations of emission reduction within the United Nations Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution (U.N. E.C.E. C.L.T.A.P.).
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Gustafson, David J. "Utilizing an energy management system with distributed resources to manage critical loads and reduce energy costs." Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/43921.

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Energy security is critical to the DOD and can be achieved using different methods, but for DOD installations cost effectiveness must be taken into consideration when evaluating energy security goals. Energy Storage Systems (ESSs) have a wide range of associated technologies as well as large differences in cost and capabilities. This study examines the cost effectiveness of utilizing an ESS to perform peak shaving with an Energy Management System (EMS). An EMS used with an ESS can perform several functions that can be beneficial to the grid. These functions include peak shaving, conducting power factor correction, matching critical load to most efficient distributed resource, and islanding a system during commercial grid disruption. While utilizing an ESS within a microgrid allows several benefits, to include peak shaving, the ability to utilize photovoltaic arrays during islanding, and power factor correction, the implementation of the ESS by itself is likely to prove cost prohibitive. The DOD requires energy projects to have net savings over the life cycle of the project and in areas without high differential between peak power and off-peak power, this goal will be difficult to achieve.
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Kennedy, Fiona M. "Soil mineral weathering rates and critical loads of sulphur at six forested sites in the UK." Thesis, University of Reading, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363834.

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Rapp, Lars. "Critical loads of acid deposition for surface water : exploring existing models and a potential alternative for Sweden /." Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 2001. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/2001/91-576-6091-3.pdf.

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Schlutow, Angela, and Thomas Scheuschner. "Ökologische Belastungsgrenzen - Aktualisierung und Präzisierung der Erfassung von ökologischen Belastungsgrenzen und ihrer Überschreitungen im Freistaat Sachsen – Fortschreibung der Critical Loads/Level- Untersuchungen bis 2006." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-ds-1242142532199-71513.

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Mit dem Critical Loads/Levels-Konzept wurde ein europäischer Ansatz verwirklicht, der einerseits die Notwendigkeit zur Verminderung des Eintrags von Luftschadstoffen verdeutlicht, andererseits die Beurteilung des Erfolgs von Luftreinhaltemaßnahmen erlaubt. Im vorliegenden Heft werden für Sachsen die Überschreitungen der ökologischen Belastungsgrenzen hinsichtlich des Säure- und Stickstoffeintrages für die Rezeptoren Wald und naturnahe waldfreie Ökosysteme dargestellt. Diese liegen für den Zeitraum 1990 - 2006 im Landesplanungsmaßstab (1:200.000) vor. Danach sind viele sächsische Ökosysteme einer ernst zu nehmenden kritischen Belastung insbesondere durch oxidierte und reduzierte Stickstoffverbindungen aus der Atmosphäre ausgesetzt. Das vorliegende Heft richtet sich insbesondere an Institutionen, die an Planungen im Landes-, Regional- und lokalen Maßstab beteiligt sind, aber auch an Naturschutzverbände, Eigentümer und Nutzer des Waldes sowie Forschungseinrichtungen und die interessierte Öffentlichkeit.
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Feroze, Hassan. "Multi-Agent Systems in Microgrids: Design and Implementation." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34687.

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The security and resiliency of electric power supply to serve critical facilities are of high importance in todayâ s world. Instead of building large electric power grids and high capacity transmission lines, an intelligent microgrid (or smart grid) can be considered as a promising power supply alternative. In recent years, multi-agent systems have been proposed to provide intelligent energy control and management systems in microgrids. Multi-agent systems offer their inherent benefits of flexibility, extensibility, autonomy, reduced maintenance and more. The implementation of a control network based on multi-agent systems that is capable of making intelligent decisions on behalf of the user has become an area of intense research. Many previous works have proposed multi-agent system architectures that deal with buying and selling of energy within a microgrid and algorithms for auction systems. The others proposed frameworks for multi-agent systems that could be further developed for real life control of microgrid systems. However, most proposed methods ignore the process of sharing energy resources among multiple distinct sets of prioritized loads. It is important to study a scenario that emphasizes on supporting critical loads during outages based on the userâ s preferences and limited capacity. The situation becomes further appealing when an excess DER capacity after supplying critical loads is allocated to support non-critical loads that belong to multiple users. The previous works also ignore the study of dynamic interactions between the agents and the physical systems. It is important to study the interaction and time delay when an agent issues a control signal to control a physical device in a microgrid and when the command is executed. Agents must be able to respond to the information sensed from the external environment quickly enough to manage the microgrid in a timely fashion. The ability of agents to disconnect the microgrid during emergencies should also be studied. These issues are identified as knowledge gaps that are of focus in this thesis. The objective of this research is to design, develop and implement a multi-agent system that enables real-time management of a microgrid. These include securing critical loads and supporting non-critical loads belonging to various owners with the distributed energy resource that has limited capacity during outages. The system under study consists of physical (microgrid) and cyber elements (multi-agent system). The cyber part or the multi-agent system is of primary focus of this work. The microgrid simulation has been implemented in Matlab/Simulink. It is a simplified distribution circuit that consists of one distributed energy resources (DER), loads and the main grid power supply. For the multi-agent system implementation, various open source agent building toolkits are compared to identify the most suitable agent toolkit for implementation in the proposed multi-agent system. The agent architecture is then designed by dividing overall goal of the system into several smaller tasks and assigning them to each agent. The implementation of multi-agent system was completed by identifying Roles (Role Modeling) and Responsibilities (Social and Domain Responsibilities) of agents in the system, and modeling the Knowledge (Facts), rules and ontology for the agents. Finally, both microgrid simulation and multi-agent system are connected together via TCP/IP using external java programming and a third party TCP server in the Matlab/Simulink environment. In summary, the multi-agent system is designed, developed and implemented in several simulation test cases. It is expected that this work will provide an insight into the design and development of a multi-agent system, as well as serving as a basis for practical implementation of an agent-based technology in a microgrid environment. Furthermore, the work also contributes to new design schemes to increase multi-agent systemâ s intelligence. In particular, these include control algorithms for intelligently managing the limited supply from a DER during emergencies to secure critical loads, and at the same time supporting non-critical loads when the users need the most.
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Darestani, Mostafa Yousefi. "Response of concrete pavements under moving vehicular loads and environmental effects." Queensland University of Technology, 2007. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16662/.

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The need for modern transportation systems together with the high demand for sustainable pavements under applied loads have led to a great deal of research on concrete pavements worldwide. Development of finite element techniques enabled researchers to analyse the concrete pavement under a combination of axle group loadings and environmental effects. Consequently, mechanistic approaches for designing of concrete pavements were developed based on results of finite element analyses. However, unpredictable failure modes of concrete pavements associated with expensive maintenance and rehabilitation costs have led to the use of empiricalmechanistic approach in concrete pavement design. Despite progressive knowledge of concrete pavement behaviour under applied loads, concrete pavements still suffer from deterioration due to crack initiation and propagation, indicating the need for further research. Cracks can be related to fatigue of the concrete and/or erosion of materials in sub-layers. Although longitudinal, midedge and corner cracks are the most common damage modes in concrete pavements, Austroads method for concrete pavement design was developed based on traditional mid-edge bottom-up transverse cracking introduced by Packard and Tayabji (1985). Research presented in this thesis aims to address the most common fatigue related distresses in concrete pavements. It uses comprehensive finite element models and analyses to determine the structural behaviour of concrete pavements under vehicular loads and environmental effects. Results of this research are supported by laboratory tests and an experimental field test. Results of this research indicate that the induced tensile stresses within the concrete pavement are significantly affected by vehicle speed, differential temperature gradient and loss of moisture content. Subsequently, the interaction between the above mentioned factors and concrete damage modes are discussed. Typical dynamic amplifications of different axle groups are presented. A new fatigue test setup is also developed to take into consideration effects of pavement curvature on fatigue life of the concrete. Ultimately, results of the research presented in this thesis are employed to develop a new guide for designing concrete pavements with zero maintenance of fatigue damage.
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Books on the topic "Critical loads"

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Nagel, Hans-Dieter, and Heinz-Detlef Gregor. Ökologische Belastungsgrenzen - Critical Loads & Levels. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-58386-5.

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Sutton, Mark A., Kate E. Mason, Lucy J. Sheppard, Harald Sverdrup, Richard Haeuber, and W. Kevin Hicks, eds. Nitrogen Deposition, Critical Loads and Biodiversity. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7939-6.

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de Vries, Wim, Jean-Paul Hettelingh, and Maximilian Posch, eds. Critical Loads and Dynamic Risk Assessments. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9508-1.

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Group, UK Critical Loads Advisory. Critical and target loads maps for freshwater in Great Britain: A third reportto theDepartment of the Environment by the UK Critical Loads Advisory Group. [s.l.]: UK Critical Loads Advisory Group, 1992.

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Rihm, B. Critical Loads of acidity for forest soils and alpine lakes: Steady state mass balance method. Berne: FOEFL, 1994.

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Turchenek, L. W. Site-specific critical loads of acid deposition on soils in the Provost-Esther area, Alberta. Edmonton: Air and Water Branch, Science and Standards Division, Alberta Environment, 2001.

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Abboud, Salim A. Site-specific critical loads of acid deposition on soils in the Edmonton 83H East map sheet, Alberta. Edmonton: Alberta Environment, 2009.

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United States. Forest Service. Northern Research Station, ed. Approaches for estimating critical loads of nitrogen and sulfur deposition for forest ecosystems on U.S. federal lands. Newtown Square, PA: United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station, 2010.

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Pardo, Linda H., M. J. Robin-Abbott, and Charles T. Driscoll. Assessment of nitrogen deposition effects and empirical critical loads of nitrogen for ecoregions of the United States. Edited by United States. Forest Service. Northern Research Station. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station, 2011.

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Zaretsky, Erwin V. Comparison of life theories for rolling-element bearings. [Washington, D.C.]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "Critical loads"

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Elzein, Abbas. "Critical Loads." In Plate Stability by Boundary Element Method, 54–88. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84429-4_4.

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Spranger, T., and R. Köble. "Überschreitungen von Critical Levels und Critical Loads durch aktuelle Belastungen." In Ökologische Belastungsgrenzen - Critical Loads & Levels, 145–236. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-58386-5_3.

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Hettelingh, Jean-Paul, Harald Sverdrup, and Dianwu Zhao. "Deriving Critical Loads For Asia." In Acid Reign ’95?, 2565–70. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0864-8_114.

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Hicks, W. Kevin, Richard Haeuber, and Mark A. Sutton. "Nitrogen Deposition, Critical Loads and Biodiversity: Introduction." In Nitrogen Deposition, Critical Loads and Biodiversity, 1–4. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7939-6_1.

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Duan, Lei, Jia Xing, Yu Zhao, and Jiming Hao. "Empirical Critical Loads of Nitrogen in China." In Nitrogen Deposition, Critical Loads and Biodiversity, 329–36. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7939-6_35.

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Barkman, Andreas, Per Warfvinge, and Harald Sverdrup. "Regionalization of Critical Loads Under Uncertainty." In Acid Reign ’95?, 2515–20. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0864-8_106.

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Nilsson, J. "Critical Loads for Sulphur and Nitrogen." In Air Pollution and Ecosystems, 85–91. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4003-1_11.

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Mäler, Karl-Göran. "Critical Loads and International Environmental Cooperation." In Microeconomic Studies, 71–83. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-46765-3_4.

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Clair, Thomas A., Tamara Blett, Julian Aherne, Marcos P. M. Aidar, Richard Artz, William J. Bealey, William Budd, et al. "The Critical Loads and Levels Approach for Nitrogen." In Nitrogen Deposition, Critical Loads and Biodiversity, 481–91. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7939-6_50.

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Galy-Lacaux, Corinne, Claire Delon, Fabien Solmon, Marcellin Adon, Véronique Yoboué, Jonas Mphepya, Jacobus J. Pienaar, et al. "Dry and Wet Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition in West Central Africa." In Nitrogen Deposition, Critical Loads and Biodiversity, 83–91. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7939-6_10.

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Conference papers on the topic "Critical loads"

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Love, Michael. "Identification of Critical Flight Loads." In 44th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2003-1893.

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Brasil, Reyolando, and Jose Balthazar. "INFLUENCE OF STRAIN DEFINITIONS ON TRUSSES CRITICAL LOADS." In VII European Congress on Computational Methods in Applied Sciences and Engineering. Athens: Institute of Structural Analysis and Antiseismic Research School of Civil Engineering National Technical University of Athens (NTUA) Greece, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.7712/100016.2220.9538.

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Todorov, Daniel, Venelin Todorov, and Stefka Fidanova. "Optimized Nano Grid Approach for Small Critical Loads." In 16th Conference on Computer Science and Intelligence Systems. PTI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15439/2021f56.

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Chaudhari, Mohit, Kamal Babu, Swapnil W. Khubalkar, and Prema Daigavane. "Off-Grid Hybrid Solar Power Conditioning Unit for Critical and Non-Critical Loads." In 2019 International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Control Systems (ICCS). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccs45141.2019.9065782.

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Meckler, Peter. "Simulation of AC Arc Faults in Aircraft Electrical Networks — Critical Loads — Critical Ignition Energies." In World Aviation Congress & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2003-01-3035.

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Krupka, R. M. "Column Bending Induced by Applied Loads in Excess of the Euler Critical Load." In Aerospace Technology Conference and Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/851983.

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Hill, T. H., and R. B. Chandler. "Field Curves for Critical Buckling Loads in Curving Wellbores." In IADC/SPE Drilling Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/39322-ms.

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Choi, Kyung K., and Jong Sang Park. "Optimal Design of Nonlinear Structural Systems with Critical Loads." In International Congress & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/900830.

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Chen, Sijia, Xiaobing Song, and Xila Liu. "Model of Compressive Strength Degradation of Concrete under Both Freeze-Thaw Cycles and Compressive Loads." In International Conference on Sustainable Development of Critical Infrastructure. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784413470.013.

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Chen, Xi, and Xila Liu. "Unified Failure Model of Reinforced Concrete Members Subjected to Hazard Loads I: Ductile Failure Analysis." In International Conference on Sustainable Development of Critical Infrastructure. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784413470.021.

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Reports on the topic "Critical loads"

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Preece, D. S., J. R. Weatherby, S. W. Attaway, J. W. Swegle, and R. V. Matalucci. Computational methods for predicting the response of critical as-built infrastructure to dynamic loads (architectural surety). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/658454.

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Pardo, L. H., M. J. Robin-Abbott, and C. T. ,. eds Driscoll. Assessment of Nitrogen deposition effects and empirical critical loads of Nitrogen for ecoregions of the United States. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/nrs-gtr-80.

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Pardo, Linda H. Approaches for estimating critical loads of N and S deposition for forest ecosystems on U.S. federal lands. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/nrs-gtr-71.

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Robin-Abbott, Molly J., and Linda H. Pardo. How climatic conditions, site, and soil characteristics affect tree growth and critical loads of nitrogen for northeastern tree species. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/nrs-gtr-172.

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Bhatti, N. Identification of research relating to the critical loads concept and its potential application to the regulation of acidic deposition. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10132865.

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Pardo, Linda H., Natasha Duarte, Helga Van Miegroet, L. Suzanne Fisher, and Molly J. Robin-Abbott. Critical loads of sulfur and nitrogen and modeled effects of deposition reduction for forested ecosystems of Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/nrs-gtr-180.

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McClung, Jeremy, Michael Bell, and Emmi Felker-Quinn. Extrapolating critical loads of nitrogen for alpine vegetation and assessing exceedance in national parks based on TDep Total N from 2002–2016. National Park Service, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2284914.

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Chalishazar, Vishvas, Shiva Poudel, Sarmad Hanif, and Priya Thekkumparambath Mana. Power System Resilience Metrics Augmentation for Critical Load Prioritization. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1764623.

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McCoy, Kelly, Michael Bell, and Emmi Felker-Quinn. Risk to epiphytic lichen communities in NPS units from atmospheric nitrogen and sulfur pollution: Changes in critical load exceedances from 2001‒2016. National Park Service, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2287254.

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Hobbs, Trevor, Jason Lynch, and Randy Kolka. The Forestry Reclamation Approach: guide to successful reforestation of mined landsSite-specific critical acid load estimates for forest soils in the Osborn Creek watershed, Michigan. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/nrs-gtr-171.

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