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Journal articles on the topic 'Critical moistur'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 16 July 2025

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Bangre, Priyanka, and Archana Belge. "CRITICAL STUDY OF ABHYANGA W.S.R. TO COSMETIC EFFECT: A REVIEW." International Ayurvedic Medical Journal 8, no. 10 (2020): 4824–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.46607/iamj4008102020.

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Introduction- Ayurveda is the ancient science of complete health. Abhyanga is the essential part of Din-charya advised for overall health. In today’s developed era, maintaining cosmetic health naturally, is the need. In Dincharya, Acharyas have explained Abhyanga for Healthy, beautiful skin and hair. Abhyanga not only prevents diseases but it is useful to maintain and restore cosmetic wellness also. In this article a thorough review on cosmetic benefits of Abhyanga, Shirobhyanga & Padabhyanga, their procedures, mode of action is explained with the help of various classical texts like Charak Samhita, Sushrut Samhita etc. Relevant articles were analyzed & reviewed for deeper understanding about Abhyanga. Discussion: Twacha is Aashrayasthan of Bhrajak Pitta. Application of Snehan dravyas for Abhyanga leads to its Pa-chana by Bhrajak Pitta. Health of skin can be improved by proper action of Bhrajak Pitta. Lymphatic sys-tem runs superficially under the skin & thus Abhyanga helps in removal of lymphatic waste & metabolic waste. Conclusion – Abhyanga is beneficial for cosmetic purpose. It makes skin healthy, soft and moistur-ized. It delays signs of aging. Shirobhyanga makes hair beautiful and lustrous and Padabhyanga makes feet beautiful and healthy.

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Qodirov, Olimjon. "Analysis of modern drying methods and their importance in industry of ildizmevali products." Scientific and technical journal of namangan institute of engineering and technology 7, no. 4 (2022): 102–5. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7812782.

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Abstract: Objective. Beets are common in the Mediterranean, in Asia, India, France, Great Britain and the Scandinavian countries. Currently, there are 16 types. The purpose of drying vegetables is that by evaporating them moisture,microorganisms cannot developgon and various biological processes do not occurgon to standard requirements. Methods. When we process and dry the technology of drying red beets from Root products in a tape method in a convective drying device with ascorbic acid and citric acid for 10 minutes, we can initially prepare a solution by adding 20 gr of ascorbic acid to 250 ml of water and process it by soaking the beets for 10 minutes and then drying The main purpose of processing sugar beets with citric acid is to create a technology for preserving its shape, color, vitamin and mineral substances in the composition. Results. An increase in the level of organoleptic indicators (shape, size, taste, color and smell) is achieved when we dry beets in a convective drying device for 1 hour at a temperature of 1000C on tape 1, at a temperature of 900c on tape 2, during the drying period for 30 minutes. Conclusion. it is worth noting that for the experiment, sugar beet fruits are selected from the tubers, high efficiency is achieved by accelerating the drying time and drying using vacuum-sublimation methods using dielectric microwaves, reducing the drying period.

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Pritchard, Michael S., and Christopher S. Bretherton. "Causal Evidence that Rotational Moisture Advection is Critical to the Superparameterized Madden–Julian Oscillation." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 71, no. 2 (2014): 800–815. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-13-0119.1.

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Abstract The authors investigate the hypothesis that horizontal moisture advection is critical to the eastward propagation of the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO). Consistent diagnostic evidence has been found in recent MJO-permitting global models viewed from the moisture-mode dynamical paradigm. To test this idea in a causal sense, tropical moisture advection by vorticity anomalies is artificially modulated in a superparameterized global model known to produce a realistic MJO signal. Boosting horizontal moisture advection by tropical vorticity anomalies accelerates and amplifies the simulated MJO in tandem with reduced environmental gross moist stability. Limiting rotational horizontal moisture advection shuts the MJO down. These sensitivities are robust in that they are nearly monotonic with respect to the control parameter and emerge despite basic-state sensitivities favoring the opposite response. Speedup confirms what several diagnostic lines of evidence already suggest—that anomalous moisture advection is fundamental to MJO propagation. The rotational component is shown to be especially critical. Amplification further suggests it may play a role in adiabatically maintaining the MJO.

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SHISHIDO, Ikuro, Mutsumi SUZUKI, and Shigemori OHTANI. "The critical moisture content of drying." Journal of the Society of Powder Technology, Japan 24, no. 6 (1987): 367–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4164/sptj.24.367.

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Wong, E. H., and S. B. Park. "Moisture diffusion modeling – A critical review." Microelectronics Reliability 65 (October 2016): 318–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.microrel.2016.08.009.

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Loku-Pathirage, Sudath, Jiye Chen, and Min Fu. "Predicting Railway Slope Failure Under Heavy Rainfall Using the Soil Moisture Extended Cohesive Damage Element Method." GeoHazards 6, no. 1 (2025): 14. https://doi.org/10.3390/geohazards6010014.

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Slope failure, as a natural disaster, can cause extensive human suffering and financial losses worldwide. This paper introduces a new soil moisture extended cohesive damage element (SMECDE) method to predict railway slope failure under heavy rainfall. A correlation between rainfall intensity and soil moisture content is first established to create an equivalence between the two. Considering slope failure mechanisms dominated by the loss of soil or the cohesion of slope materials due to heavy rainfall infiltration, the soil moisture decohesion model (SMDM) is developed using previous experimental data to express how soil cohesion varies with different soil moistures and depths. The SMDM is incorporated into the extended cohesive damage element (ECDE) method to fundamentally study slope failure mechanisms under varying soil moisture levels and depths. The proposed SMECDE approach is used to predict the failure propagation of a selected railway embankment slope at the critical soil moisture or rainfall intensity. This SMECDE failure prediction is validated using relevant data from previous fieldwork and meteorological reports on the critical rainfall intensity at the site. Additionally, the corresponding slope damage scale prediction is validated with a large plastic deformation analysis using the commercial FEM package ABAQUS.

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S.U., Susha Lekshmi, D. N. Singh, and Maryam Shojaei Baghini. "A critical review of soil moisture measurement." Measurement 54 (August 2014): 92–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2014.04.007.

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Ansari, Sara, Neda Maftoon-Azad, Asgar Farahnaky, Ebrahim Hosseini, and Fojan Badii. "Effect of moisture content on textural attributes of dried figs." International Agrophysics 28, no. 4 (2014): 403–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/intag-2014-0031.

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Abstract Due to their soft texture consumers prefer moist figs, which has motivated fig processors to increase the production of this product. However, as water enhances the browning reaction rate, moisture content optimisation of moist figs is very important. Processed figs must have suitable texture softness with browning kept to a minimum. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of moisture content on the textural attributes of dried figs. Hardness, compression energy, gradient, gumminess and chewiness of fig samples decreased with moisture content exponentially, whereas the trend of springiness and cohesiveness with change of moisture content was nearly constant. Moreover, in the texture profile analysis plot of rehydrated figs, the presence of negative area is an indication of adhesiveness which was zero in control dried figs. The results of the texture profile analysis tests proved the existence of a critical moisture content of about 18.4%, above which no significant effect of moisture content on textural parameters was found. The glass-rubber transition results from differential scanning calorimeter may explain the different texture profile analysis attributes of dried figs compared with rehydrated figs.

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Ershov, M. A., A. M. Ershov, and M. V. Votinov. "Mass transfer processes modeling in the production of dried and air-dried fish." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1052, no. 1 (2022): 012067. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1052/1/012067.

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Abstract The focus areas for the Fisheries industry in Russia are increasing the share of products with high added value and development of the domestic consumer market of fishery products. In the Russian Federation the products made of aquatic bioresources, such as stock fish, air-dried and dried fish, are traditionally in strong demand with the population. It has been determined, that the manufacture of these fish products remains at a low level. In order to increase the volume of dried and stock fish production, improve the product’s quality specifications, it is necessary to develop the technology of the drying process, as well as to find the ways and methods to decrease the drying time. The efficiency of these productions can be increased by using the scientific-based process solutions that allow to keep the production costs down, improve the consumer properties of the end products and ensure its safety. The generalized dependences for calculating the duration of dehydration in production of air-dried and stock fish products have been developed in this study. The generalization has been performed based on the ratio of the current moisture content of fish to the first and second critical moistures of the kinetics curves of dehydration. A formula for calculating the current moisture content depending on the duration of the dehydration process and the dependence for calculating the drying time in relation to fish moisture have been introduced. The patterns received allow to model the kinetics curves of fish dehydration. A functional relation between the critical moistures of the kinetics of dehydration, the water diffusion coefficients and the initial moisture content has been determined. The derived dependencies allow to calculate the diffusion coefficients in the critical points of the kinetics curve of dehydration. The obtained formulas could be used for calculating the water diffusion coefficients in fish. Using the suggested formulas makes it possible to solve the diffuse type partial differential equation. This gives an opportunity to model the water distribution in fish during the process of dehydration.

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Liu, Tao, Xiulun Wang, Tingting Wu, Ge Jun, and Halidi Ally. "Effect of Mechanical Properties on the Angle of Repose of Clay Soil." Information 27, no. 4 (2024): 271–78. https://doi.org/10.47880/inf2704-06.

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The angle of repose (AoR) is a critical calibration parameter in characterizing soil mechanical properties. This study examines the AoR across seven levels of soil moisture content. The fixed funnel method was used to measure AoR, complemented by a newly developed image-processing algorithm for AoR calculation. This algorithm effectively captures the irregular and rugged edges due to moisture-induced soil aggregation. The results indicated a consistent, monotonic increase in AoR with increasing moisture content. A model incorporating soil cohesion and internal friction angle was established to explain the observed AoR trends. Results suggest that changes in AoR are primarily driven by soil cohesion, with a relatively smaller influence from internal friction angle especially in moist conditions.

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Khabibullin, F. G., and V. G. Tonkonog. "Critical Sections of High-Moisture Two-Phase Flows." Heat Transfer Research 32, no. 4-6 (2001): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/heattransres.v32.i4-6.240.

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Zhang, Hua, Wen Long Hu, and Jin Lu Cao. "Study on Critical Moisture Content of Unsaturated Evaporation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 513-517 (February 2014): 2643–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.513-517.2643.

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Thin layer evaporation tests of three types of soil were conducted by a newly designed humidity-controllable evaporation and penetration measuring system and lasted for 8 days. The whole process of sample mass variation from wet to dry was recorded in the laboratory. The critical moisture content and air-dried moisture content were obtained from evaporation curve, which divided the evaporation process of thin layer unsaturated soil into three stages, including stable rate stage, reducing rate stage and residual stage. The soil water characteristic curves of soils were predicted by Arya and Paris model, the results showed that the critical moisture contents of evaporation process were the same with the water contents corresponding to residue values of SWCC, it is significant to studying on unsaturated evaporation process.

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Terrah, S. M., F. Z. Sabi, O. Mosbah, et al. "Nonexistence of critical fuel moisture content for flammability." Fire Safety Journal 111 (January 2020): 102928. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.firesaf.2019.102928.

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Whitehouse, K. J., F. R. Hay, and R. H. Ellis. "Improvement in rice seed storage longevity from high-temperature drying is a consistent positive function of harvest moisture content above a critical value." Seed Science Research 28, no. 4 (2018): 332–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960258518000211.

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AbstractDrying reduces seed moisture content, which improves subsequent seed survival periods. Diverse maximum temperatures have been recommended to limit or avoid damage to seeds, but some high-temperature drying regimes may improve subsequent seed quality. Seeds from 20 different accessions of five rice (Oryza sativaL.) variety groups (aromatic, Aus, Indica, temperate Japonica, tropical Japonica) were harvested over several seasons at different stages of maturation and either dried throughout at 15°C/15% relative humidity (RH) or for different initial periods (continuous or intermittent) in different drying regimes at 45°C before final equilibrium drying at 15°C/15% RH. Subsequent seed longevity in hermetic storage at 45°C with 10.9% moisture content was determined. In no case did initial drying at 45°C provide poorer longevity than drying at 15°C/15% RH throughout. There was a split-line relation, which did not differ amongst investigations, between longevity after initial drying at 45°C relative to that at 15°C/15% RH throughout and harvest moisture content, with a break point at 16.5% (a seed moisture status of about –14 MPa). Below 16.5%, relative longevity did not differ with harvest moisture content with little or no advantage to longevity from drying at 45°C. Above 16.5%, relative longevity showed a positive relation with harvest moisture content, with substantial benefit from drying at 45°C to subsequent longevity of seeds harvested whilst still moist. Hence, there are temporal (immediatelyex plantacf. subsequent air-dried storage) and water status discontinuities (above cf. below 16.5%) in the effect of temperature on subsequent air-dried seed longevity.

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Feng, Tao, Jia-Yuh Yu, Xiu-Qun Yang, and Ronghui Huang. "Convective Coupling in Tropical-Depression-Type Waves. Part II: Moisture and Moist Static Energy Budgets." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 77, no. 10 (2020): 3423–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-19-0173.1.

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AbstractThe companion of this paper, Part I, discovered the characteristics of the rainfall progression in tropical-depression (TD)-type waves over the western North Pacific. In Part II, the large-scale controls on the convective rainfall progression have been investigated using the ERA-Interim data and the TRMM 3B42 precipitation-rate data during June–October from 1998 to 2013 through budgets of moist static energy (MSE) and moisture. A buildup of column-integrated MSE occurs in advance of deep convection, and an export of MSE occurs following deep convection, which is consistent with the MSE recharge–discharge paradigm. The MSE recharge–discharge is controlled by horizontal processes, whereby horizontal moisture advection causes net MSE import prior to deep convection. Such moistening by horizontal advection creates a moist midtroposphere, which helps destabilize the atmospheric column, leading to the development of deep convective rainfall. Following the heaviest rainfall, negative horizontal moisture advection dries the troposphere, inhibiting convection. Such moistening and drying processes explain why deep convection can develop without preceding shallow convection. The advection of moisture anomalies by the mean horizontal flow controls the tropospheric moistening and drying processes. As the TD-type waves propagate northwestward in coincidence with the northwestward environmental flow, the moisture, or convective rainfall, is phase locked to the waves. The critical role of the MSE import by horizontal advection in modulating the rainfall progression is supported by the anomalous gross moist stability (AGMS), where the lowest AGMS corresponds to the quickest increase in the precipitation rate prior to the rainfall maximum.

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Silva, Wininton M. da, Aloísio Bianchini, and Cesar A. da Cunha. "Modeling and correction of soil penetration resistance for variations in soil moisture and soil bulk density." Engenharia Agrícola 36, no. 3 (2016): 449–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-4430-eng.agric.v36n3p449-459/2016.

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ABSTRACT This study aimed to describe the behavior of models for adjusting data of soil penetration resistance for variations in soil moisture and soil bulk density. The study was carried out in Lucas do Rio Verde, MT, Brazil in a typic dystrophic red-yellow Latosol (Oxisol) containing 0.366 kg kg−1 of clay. Soil penetration resistance measurements were conducted in the soil moistures of 0.33 kg kg−1, 0.28 kg kg−1, 0.25 kg kg−1 and 0.22 kg kg−1. Soil penetration resistance behavior due to variations in soil moisture and soil bulk density was assessed by estimating the soil resistance values by non-linear models. There was an increase of the soil penetration resistance values as soil was losing moisture. For the same edaphic condition studied, small differences in the data of soil bulk density affect differently the response of soil resistance as a function of moisture. Both soil bulk density and soil moisture are essential attributes to explain the variations in soil penetration resistance in the field. The good representation of the critical soil bulk density curve as a limiting compression indicator requires the proper choice of the restrictive soil resistance value for each crop.

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Huang, Ying, Zu Lian Zhang, and Ke Sheng Jin. "Active Limit Equilibrium Method of the Stability Analysis for Soil Slopes." Advanced Materials Research 594-597 (November 2012): 636–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.594-597.636.

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The stability of the soil slopes can be judged according to the critical moisture content and the actual moisture content when the soil slopes be in the limit equilibrium state. From the perspective of earth pressure, the critical moisture content is the moisture content when the soil slopes be in the active limit equilibrium state, at this time, the active earth pressure is 0. The critical moisture content can be determined and the stability of the slopes can be judged according to the relationship of the soil parameters and the moisture content and the active earth pressure being 0. The critical moisture content of the upright or declining cohesionless slopes can be determined according to the relationship of the internal friction angle and the moisture content. The critical moisture content of the upright cohesive slopes can be determined by solving the equation of the critical moisture content. For the declining cohesive slopes, first, the cohesive soil having the cohesion and internal friction angle is replaced by only having the equivalent internal friction angle of the cohesionless soil according to the principle of the equal strength, then, the critical moisture content can be determined according to the relationship of the equivalent internal friction angle and the moisture content of the declining cohesionless.

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Бойко, Людмила Георгиевна, та Вадим Анатольевич Даценко. "ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ВПЛИВУ ВОЛОГОСТІ ПОВІТРЯ НА ПАРАМЕТРИ ГАЗОТУРБІННОГО ДВИГУНА". Aerospace Technic and Technology, № 4 (27 серпня 2017): 70–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/aktt.2017.4.08.

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The mathematical model of a turbo-shaft engine with a two-stage gas generator was obtained. This model is based on the multi-stage compressor blade – to - blade description, which makes it possible to evaluate the effect of air humidity on its performances. The characteristics of the axial multistage compressor in the presence of a moist component in the air at the engine entrance and in its absence were compared. The gas turbine engine main parameters were shown in the presence of moisture content. The quantitative estimation was made as well.

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Margaretha, Natasha, Yurida Ekawati, and Teguh Oktiarso. "Optimization of Tobacco Warehouse Temperature to Reduce Defects in Hand-Rolled Kretek Cigarette Products at PT XYZ." Jurnal Sains dan Aplikasi Keilmuan Teknik Industri (SAKTI) 4, no. 2 (2024): 77–86. https://doi.org/10.33479/sakti.v4i2.92.

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The quality of tobacco is a critical component in cigarette production, with moisture content standards ranging from 18% to 19% to prevent production issues caused by tobacco being too dry or too moist. At PT XYZ, a cigarette manufacturing company, storage room temperature was identified as a key factor affecting tobacco moisture content. This study aimed to determine the optimal storage room temperature to maintain tobacco quality using quality control techniques and experimental design. A correlation test revealed a very strong negative relationship (91.812%) between storage room temperature and tobacco moisture content. Using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) and a one-way ANOVA test, the analysis showed that the storage room temperature significantly impacted moisture content. The optimal temperature for maintaining tobacco quality was found to be 21˚C. These findings underscore the importance of precise temperature control in ensuring tobacco quality, contributing to improved production processes and product consistency in the cigarette industry.

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Zhong, Linhao, Lijuan Hua, and Dehai Luo. "Local and External Moisture Sources for the Arctic Warming over the Barents–Kara Seas." Journal of Climate 31, no. 5 (2018): 1963–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-17-0203.1.

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Water vapor is critical to Arctic sea ice loss and surface air warming, particularly in winter. Whether the local process or poleward transport from lower latitudes can explain the Arctic warming is still a controversial issue. In this work, a hydrological tool, a dynamical recycling model (DRM) based on time-backward Lagrangian moisture tracking, is applied to quantitatively evaluate the relative contributions of local evaporation and external sources to Barents–Kara Seas (BKS) moisture in winter during 1979–2015. On average, the local and external moistures explain 35.4% and 57.3% of BKS moisture, respectively. The BKS, Norwegian Sea, and midlatitude North Atlantic are the three major sources and show significant increasing trends of moisture contribution. The local moisture contribution correlates weakly to downward infrared radiation (IR) but significantly to sea ice variation, which suggests that the recent-decade increase of local moisture contribution is only a manifestation of sea ice melting. In contrast, the external moisture contribution significantly correlates to both downward IR and sea ice variation, thus suggesting that meridional moisture transport mainly explains the recent BKS warming. The moisture contributions due to different sources are governed by distinct circulation patterns. The negative Arctic Oscillation–like pattern suppresses external moisture but favors local evaporation. In the case of dominant external moisture, a well-organized wave train spanning from across the midlatitude Atlantic to mid–high-latitude Eurasia has the mid–high-latitude components similar to a positive-phase North Atlantic Oscillation with a Ural blocking to the east. Moreover, the meridional shift of the wave train pathway and the spatial scale of the wave train anomalies determine the transport passage and strength of the major external moisture sources.

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Roman, Artur, Bulong Wu, Bongtae Han, Gesche Mareike Reinacher, and Susan Galal Yousef. "Moisture Transport Through Housing Materials Enclosing Critical Automotive Electronics." IEEE Transactions on Components, Packaging and Manufacturing Technology 10, no. 4 (2020): 541–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcpmt.2020.2977111.

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Di Domenico, Antonella, Giovanni Laguardia, and Mauro Fiorentino. "Capturing critical behaviour in soil moisture spatio-temporal dynamics." Advances in Water Resources 30, no. 3 (2007): 543–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2006.04.007.

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Henderson-Sellers, A. "Soil moisture: A critical focus for global change studies." Global and Planetary Change 13, no. 1-4 (1996): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0921-8181(95)00034-8.

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Pemberton, H. Brent, and William E. Roberson. "CRITICAL TISSUE MOISTURE LEVELS NEEDED FOR MAINTENANCE OF ROSE PLANT VIABILITY." HortScience 25, no. 8 (1990): 863f—863. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.8.863f.

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Field grown `Mr. Lincoln' rose plants were dug and wrapped in plastic to reduce moisture loss during transport to the lab. Plants were then pruned, weighed, and returned to the plastic cover. After recording initial weights, plants were allowed to dry for 0, 1, 4, 7, or 24 hours at 16°C. Plants were then oven dried, potted, or soaked in water for 20 hours before potting for each drying time treatment. The potted plants were forced to first flower in a glasshouse at which time growth measurements were made. Undried plants had a moisture content of 48%. Seven hours drying reduced moisture content to 41%, but had no effect on growth or flowering. The 24 hour drying time resulted in a plant moisture content of 33%, a plant loss of 44%, and delayed growth initiation and flowering by up to 15 days compared to undried controls. Soaking after 24 hours drying increased plant survival from 38 to 75%. Plants that survived the excessive drying produced flowering growth comparable to plants with a moisture content of > 40%. A critical moisture level for rose plant survival was found to be between 33 and 41%.

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Roels, Staf, Jan Carmeliet, and Hugo Hens. "Mesh adaptive finite element formulation for moisture transfer in materials with a critical moisture content." International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 46, no. 7 (1999): 1001–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0207(19991110)46:7<1001::aid-nme736>3.0.co;2-3.

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Sang, Yazhuan, Shangzhao Yu, Fengshuai Lu, et al. "UAV Monitoring Topsoil Moisture in an Alpine Meadow on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau." Agronomy 13, no. 9 (2023): 2193. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13092193.

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Soil moisture is one of the most critical soil components for sustained plant growth and grassland management. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are gradually replacing manual labor in various aspects of grassland management. However, their potential for monitoring soil moisture in grasslands remains largely unexplored. High vegetation coverage and frequent rainfall in the Tibetan Plateau pose a challenge for personnel working in alpine meadows. To explore the potential of UAV technology for soil moisture detection in these areas, we conducted a rainfall reduction experiment in Maqu County, China to understand the relationships among soil moisture, vegetation coverage, and visible-light images captured using UAVs. The findings indicated a significant correlation between topsoil moisture and the brightness values in visible-light images acquired by UAVs (p < 0.0001). These results demonstrated that visible-light brightness, vegetation coverage, rainfall reduction, and aboveground biomass can be utilized for estimating the topsoil moisture using these images (y = −0.2676 × Brightness + 0.2808 × Vegetation coverage −0.1862 × Rainfall reduction + 0.1357 × Aboveground biomass + 37.77). The model validation worked well (E = 0.8291, RS = −3.58%, RMA = 10.38%, RMSE = 3.5878, Pearson’s r = 0.9631, PSI = 0.0125). This study further addresses the problem of topsoil moisture measurement in flat areas of mesoscale moist alpine meadows and is expected to facilitate the widespread adoption of UAV use in grassland ecology research.

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Rahiminejad, Mohammad, Karim Ghazi Wakili, Antoine Barat, and Christoph Renfer. "Hygrothermal Performance Analysis of Wooden Basements under Critical Conditions." Buildings 14, no. 7 (2024): 2222. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings14072222.

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Basements are integral to contemporary building design, serving as foundational structures with diverse functions in residential and commercial constructions. The utilization of wood as a natural, economical, and CO2 storage material for basement construction significantly influences the future of construction, necessitating established concepts to guarantee sustainability, and foremost, avoid possible damages induced by moisture intrusion. This paper explores the hygrothermal performance of a wooden basement when subjected to severe indoor and outdoor climates and in the absence of pressuring groundwater. Using both 1D and 2D numerical simulations, this study conducts risk analyses for several cases to evaluate how the wooden basement behaves under critical conditions, such as moisture accumulation in the assembly due to air convection through a gap in the insulation layer, air leakage through the waterproofing membrane, and high-vapor pressure caused by the high moisture load in the indoor space. The thresholds are determined for the initial wood moisture and indoor relative humidity, under which supports are given for the use of wooden elements in the basement structures, exhibiting satisfactory performance and avoiding wood decay in the construction. Additionally, the impact of the waterproofing membrane on avoiding wood decay in the assembly is highlighted.

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Seakins, P. "Heat-moisture exchangers." Intensive Care Medicine 22, no. 7 (1996): 714. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01709756.

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Kaneza, Nice, Aashish Pokhrel, Laureano R. Hoyos, and Xinbao Yu. "Thermally Induced Moisture Flow in a Silty Sand under a 1-D Thermal Gradient." Geosciences 14, no. 8 (2024): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences14080207.

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Thermally induced moisture flow in unsaturated soils involves complex coupled thermal–hydro processes with the moisture flow in both the vapor and liquid phases. The accurate measurement of the moisture flow in unsaturated sands remains a challenging task due to low moisture migration, the temperature effect on moisture sensors, and the gravity effect on moisture flow. This study aims to accurately measure transient moisture flow, heat transfer, and thermal conductivity in a silty sand with 35% non-plastic fines in a closed heat cell with a controlled 1-D temperature gradient. The heat cell consists of two temperature-controlled heat exchanger plates, heat flux sensors, moisture sensors, thermocouples, and thermal conductivity sensors. The soil moisture sensors were calibrated in the test soil at room temperature and then at elevated incremental temperatures. Soil samples compacted at various initial moisture contents were tested under a constant 1-D temperature gradient of 4 °C/cm. Soil moisture redistribution, temperature, and thermal conductivity profiles were determined from the test results. Transient temperature responses indicated that a lower initial moisture content led to a higher temperature drop after reaching the peak, or a more concaved temperature profile in a steady state due to enhanced moisture migration driven by the temperature gradients. Dry soils exhibited uniform thermal properties, while moist soils showed varying thermal conductivity profiles. A critical moisture content was identified when the maximum moisture migration occurred. Thermal conductivity in soils increased with the distance from the heat source due to thermally induced moisture migration. These findings provide valuable insights into coupled moisture–heat flow dynamics in unsaturated sands.

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CASULLI, KAITLYN E., KIRK D. DOLAN, and BRADLEY P. MARKS. "Modeling the Effects of Product Temperature, Product Moisture, and Process Humidity on Thermal Inactivation of Salmonella in Pistachios during Hot-Air Heating." Journal of Food Protection 84, no. 1 (2020): 47–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/jfp-20-221.

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ABSTRACT Prior efforts to model bacterial thermal inactivation in and on low-moisture foods generally have been based on isothermal and iso-moisture experiments and have rarely included dynamic product and process variables. Therefore, the objective of this study was to test appropriate secondary models to quantify the effect of product temperature, product moisture, and process humidity on thermal inactivation of Salmonella Enteritidis PT30 on pistachios subjected to dynamic dry- or moist-air heating. In-shell pistachios were inoculated with Salmonella Enteritidis PT30, equilibrated in controlled-humidity chambers (to target water activities [aw] of 0.45 or 0.65), and in some cases, subjected to a presoak treatment prior to heating in a laboratory-scale, moist-air convection oven at multiple combinations (in duplicate) of dry bulb (104.4 or 118.3°C) and dew point (∼23.8, 54.4, or 69.4°C) temperatures, with air speed of ∼1.3 m/s. Salmonella survivors, pistachio moisture content, and aw were quantified at six time points for each condition, targeting cumulative lethality of ∼3 to 5 log. The resulting data were used to estimate parameters for five candidate secondary models that included combinations of product temperature, product moisture, aw, and/or process dew point (coupled with a log-linear primary model). A model describing the D-value as a function of temperature and dew point fit the data well (root mean squared error [RMSE] = 0.86 log CFU/g); however, adding a term to account for dynamic product moisture improved the fit (RMSE = 0.83 log CFU/g). In addition, product moisture content yielded better model outcomes, as compared with aw, particularly in the case of the presoaked pistachios. When validated at the pilot scale, the model was conservative, always underpredicting the experimental log reductions. Both dynamic product moisture and process humidity were critical factors in modeling thermal inactivation of Salmonella in a low-moisture product heated in an air-convection system. HIGHLIGHTS

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Dennison, Philip E., Max A. Moritz, and Robert S. Taylor. "Evaluating predictive models of critical live fuel moisture in the Santa Monica Mountains, California." International Journal of Wildland Fire 17, no. 1 (2008): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf07017.

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Large wildfires in the Santa Monica Mountains of southern California occur when low levels of live and dead fuel moisture coincide with Santa Ana wind events. Declining live fuel moisture may reach a threshold that increases susceptibility to large wildfires. Live fuel moisture and fire history data for the Santa Monica Mountains from 1984 to 2005 were used to determine a potential critical live fuel moisture threshold, below which large fires become much more likely. The ability of live fuel moisture, remote sensing, and precipitation variables to predict the annual timing of 71 and 77% live fuel moisture thresholds was assessed. Spring precipitation, measured through the months of March, April, and May, was found to be strongly correlated with the annual timing of both live fuel moisture thresholds. Large fires in the Santa Monica Mountains only occurred after the 77% threshold was surpassed, although most large fires occurred after the less conservative 71% threshold. Spring precipitation has fluctuated widely over the past 70 years but does not show evidence of long-term trends. Predictive models of live fuel moisture threshold timing may improve planning for large fires in chaparral ecosystems.

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Burnett, D. J., F. Thielmann, and J. Booth. "Determining the critical relative humidity for moisture-induced phase transitions." International Journal of Pharmaceutics 287, no. 1-2 (2004): 123–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2004.09.009.

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Öztürk, Cansu, and Servet Caliskan. "Utjecaj osjetljivosti na isušivanje i kritičnog sadržaja vlage na žirove vrste Quercus cerris, Quercus petraea i Quercus robur." Šumarski list 148, no. 3-4 (2024): 153–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.31298/sl.148.3-4.4.

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In this study, critical moisture contents and desiccation sensitivity of Quercus cerris (Turkey oak), Quercus petraea (Sessile oak), Quercus robur (Pedunculate oak) seeds were determined to see how desiccation affects acorn moisture content and germination behaviour. The moisture content of the harvested acorns was found to be 41% for Q. cerris, 46% for Q. petraea and 45% for Q. robur. The acorns were separated into sublots, sprayed with distilled water to reach their maximum moisture content and then left to dry for 18 days. There were statistically significant differences in germination as a function of desiccation time and decreasing moisture content. Initial germination was delayed. The highest moisture contents were 48% for Q. cerris, 51% for Q. petraea and 49% for Q. robur acorns. The highest water uptake was 17% in Q. cerris, 11% in Q. petraea and the lowest was 9% in Q. robur. The moisture content with a germination percentage below 50% was considered as the critical moisture content. In a period of 12-15 days after the beginning of the drying process, the acorns reached the critical moisture content. The germination percentage decreased from 83% to 43% for Q. cerris, from 100% to 44% for Q. petraea and from 97% to 43% for Q. robur as the moisture content decreased from the maximum to the critical moisture content. For Q. cerris, Q. petraea and Q. robur, the critical moisture contents at which acorns begin to lose viability were between 28-31%, 31-36% and 32-37%, respectively. The results of the present study provide guidance for nursery practices carried out on oak species, from acorn harvesting to seeding and post-seeding care.

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Goffin, Benjamin D., Aashutosh Aryal, Quinton Deppert, Kenton W. Ross, and Venkataraman Lakshmi. "Mapping Extreme Wildfires Using a Critical Threshold in SMAP Soil Moisture." Remote Sensing 16, no. 13 (2024): 2457. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs16132457.

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This study analyzed the ground conditions that allowed some extreme wildfires in 2017 and 2023 to take such proportions and burn around 750,000 ha across Central Chile. Using publicly available satellite data, we examined the relationship between the burned areas from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometers (MODIS) and their antecedent soil moisture from the Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) mission. We found that a small number of fires were responsible for disproportionately large burned areas and that these megafires (i.e., >10,000 ha) were more likely to exhibit relatively drier conditions in the months and days prior. Based on this, we tested various thresholds in low antecedent soil moisture to identify areas more prone to megafires. By differentiating the moisture conditions below and above 0.14 m3/m3, we were able to map all of the 2017 megafires, at least in part. Our classification balanced the success and errors in prediction, yielding 54.1% recall and 75.9% precision (well above the 56.3% baseline). For 2023, the burned areas could not be classified as accurately, due to differences in pre-fire conditions. Overall, our research provided new insights into the link between satellite-based soil moisture and extreme wildfire events. Among other things, this study demonstrated that certain critical thresholds in SMAP had predictive skill to identify conditions more conducive to megafires. Ultimately, this work can be expanded to other parts of the world in support of enhanced wildfire mitigation and management.

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Nurhayati, Rifa, Rosi Pratiwi, Baskara Katri Anandito, Ervika Rahayu Novita, and Mukhammad Angwar. "Shelf Life Prediction of Chocomix Instant Chocolate Beverage Powder Using Accelerated Shelf Life Testing (ASLT) based on Critical Moisture Content Approach." Reaktor 18, no. 2 (2018): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/reaktor.18.2.63-70.

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Chocomix chocolate beverage powder is one of the increased value-added cocoa products by Griya Cokelat Nglanggeran. The aimed of this study to estimate the shelf life using Accelerated Shelf Life Testing (ASLT) based on critical moisture content. Results showed that critical moisture content of Chocomix was 4.01 % (db). Moisture sorption isotherm (MSI) curve of Chocomix at 28oC was type II isothermic sigmoidal with 2 curves at the ranged of water activity between 0.24 and 0.68; and the equation was y = 86.584X3 – 91.893X2 + 28.818X – 0.470. The calculation showed that estimated shelf life of Chocomix stored in 51.89 µm thick package at 28oC was 16.4 months.Keywords: chocolate powder, critical moisture content, moisture sorption isotherm, shelf life

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Dunkerton, T. J., M. T. Montgomery, and Z. Wang. "Tropical cyclogenesis in a tropical wave critical layer: easterly waves." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 8, no. 3 (2008): 11149–292. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-8-11149-2008.

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Abstract. The development of tropical depressions within tropical waves over the Atlantic and eastern Pacific is usually preceded by a "surface low along the wave" as if to suggest a hybrid wave-vortex structure in which flow streamlines not only undulate with the waves, but form a closed circulation in the lower troposphere surrounding the low. This structure, equatorward of the easterly jet axis, resembles the familiar critical layer of waves in shear flow, a flow configuration which arguably provides the simplest conceptual framework for tropical cyclogenesis resulting from tropical waves, their interaction with the mean flow, and with diabatic processes associated with deep moist convection. The critical layer represents a sweet spot for tropical cyclogenesis in which a proto-vortex may form and grow within its parent wave. A common location for storm development within the critical layer is given by the intersection of the wave's critical latitude and trough axis, with analyzed vorticity centroid nearby. The wave and vortex live together for a time, and initially propagate at approximately the same speed. In most cases this coupled propagation continues for a few days after a tropical depression is identified. For easterly waves, as the name suggests, the propagation is westward. It is shown that in order to visualize optimally this "marsupial paradigm" one should view the flow streamlines, or stream function, in a frame of reference translating horizontally with the phase propagation of the parent wave. This translation requires an appropriate "gauge" that renders translating streamlines and isopleths of translating stream function approximately equivalent to flow trajectories. In the translating frame, the closed circulation is stationary, and a dividing streamline effectively separates air within the critical layer from air outside. The critical layer equatorward of the easterly jet axis is important to tropical cyclogenesis because it provides (i) a region of cyclonic vorticity and weak deformation by the resolved flow, (ii) containment of moisture entrained by the gyre and/or lofted by deep convection therein, (iii) confinement of mesoscale vortex aggregation, (iv) a predominantly convective type of heating profile, and (v) maintenance or enhancement of the parent wave until the vortex becomes a self-sustaining entity and emerges from the wave as a tropical depression. These ideas are formulated in three new hypotheses describing the flow kinematics and dynamics, moist thermodynamics and wave/vortex interactions comprising the marsupial paradigm. A survey of 55 named tropical storms in 1998–2001 reveals that actual critical layers sometimes resemble the ideal east-west train of cat's eyes, but are usually less regular, with one or more recirculation regions in the translating frame. It is shown that a "wave gauge" given by the translation speed of the parent wave is the appropriate choice, as well, for isolated proto-vortices carried by the wave. Some implications for entrainment/containment of vorticity and moisture in the cat's eye are discussed from this perspective, based on the observational survey.

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Indraeni, Miraz Nur, Faiza Chairani Suwarno, and Abdul Qadir. "Testing methods of moisture content, critical moisture content, and germination of jamblang (Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels) seed." Jurnal Penelitian Kehutanan Wallacea 8, no. 1 (2019): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.18330/jwallacea.2019.vol8iss1pp47-55.

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Jamblang (Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels) researches are still focused to identify the plant benefits, but that leads to efforts to obtain good seed quality hasn’t been done. This study aims to determine the moisture content testing method, the critical moisture content, and germination testing method (sowing media and first and final count of seed germination). Improving procedure for moisture content testing and identified the best media for germination testing was arranged in a Completely Random Design. Determining jamblang seeds critical moisture content was arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design. The experiments were repeated four times. Moisture content with slicing method obtained 49.57%. Jamblang seeds critical water content is 41.61% with 50% germination. The best method of germination was sand medium with fresh seeds (90%). The first count of jamblang seed germination occurs on 32 days after sowing and final count on 83 days after sowing.

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Cai, Jianjun, Lingxia Zhu, Qiuxia Wei, Da Huang, Ming Luo, and Xingying Tang. "Drying Kinetics of a Single Biomass Particle Using Fick’s Second Law of Diffusion." Processes 11, no. 4 (2023): 984. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11040984.

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Drying has been widely studied as a necessary process in biomass utilization. The steam diffusion law plays an important role in drying kinetics. The drying kinetics of a single biomass particle using Fick’s second law of diffusion was studied in this paper. A parabolic relationship appeared between the critical moisture content and temperature. The critical moisture content decreased with the increase in drying temperature and the initial moisture content. The drying temperature had a significant effect on the effective diffusivity and coefficient of mass transfer during the dramatically falling period of the biomass drying process. However, it was affected by the effective diffusivity and coefficient of mass transfer during the slowly falling period. The initial moisture caused the opposite effect during the different periods. The normalized biomass moisture content generally increased with the increase in drying temperature, and decreased with the increase in initial moisture content. The initial moisture content had an effect on the normalized biomass moisture during the slowly rising period. Meanwhile, the drying temperature had an effect on the normalized biomass moisture during the whole period. The critical moisture content and the normalized biomass moisture content had negative relevant relationship. This study provides some valuable conclusions regarding the biomass drying process.

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Sefrienda, A. R., F. L. Febriani, R. B. K. Anandito, D. Ariani, and A. Fathoni. "Shelf-life Estimation of Mocaf Dry Noodles Using Critical Moisture Content Approach in Various Packaging." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1024, no. 1 (2022): 012012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1024/1/012012.

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Abstract This study aims to determine the critical moisture content, moisture sorption isotherm (MSI) curve and the shelf-life of mocaf dry noodles products using the Accelerated Shelf-Life Testing (ASLT) approach to the critical moisture content approach using two types of packaging, PP (Polypropylene) and metalized. The results of this study are obtained critical moisture content of mocaf dry noodles products of 15.8467% (db), with the MSI curve at 30°C forming a type II isotherm type sigmoid curve with the equation y = 202.79x3-2261x2 + 110.36x2, 4188 with R2 = 0.9846. Calculation results for estimating the shelf-life of mocaf dry noodles are 992.739 days with PP (Polypropylene) packaging and 2,171.831 days with metalized packaging.

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Buitink, Joost, Anne M. Swank, Martine van der Ploeg, et al. "Anatomy of the 2018 agricultural drought in the Netherlands using in situ soil moisture and satellite vegetation indices." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 24, no. 12 (2020): 6021–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-6021-2020.

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Abstract. The soil moisture status near the land surface is a key determinant of vegetation productivity. The critical soil moisture content determines the transition from an energy-limited to a water-limited evapotranspiration regime. This study quantifies the critical soil moisture content by comparison of in situ soil moisture profile measurements of the Raam and Twente networks in the Netherlands, with two satellite-derived vegetation indices (near-infrared reflectance of terrestrial vegetation, NIRv, and vegetation optical depth, VOD) during the 2018 summer drought. The critical soil moisture content is obtained through a piece-wise linear correlation of the NIRv and VOD anomalies with soil moisture on different depths of the profile. This non-linear relation reflects the observation that negative soil moisture anomalies develop weeks before the first reduction in vegetation indices: 2–3 weeks in this case. Furthermore, the inferred critical soil moisture content was found to increase with observation depth, and this relationship is shown to be linear and distinctive per area, reflecting the tendency of roots to take up water from deeper layers when drought progresses. The relations of non-stressed towards water-stressed vegetation conditions on distinct depths are derived using remote sensing, enabling the parameterization of reduced evapotranspiration and its effect on gross primary productivity in models to study the impact of a drought on the carbon cycle.

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Dunkerton, T. J., M. T. Montgomery, and Z. Wang. "Tropical cyclogenesis in a tropical wave critical layer: easterly waves." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 9, no. 15 (2009): 5587–646. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-5587-2009.

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Abstract. The development of tropical depressions within tropical waves over the Atlantic and eastern Pacific is usually preceded by a "surface low along the wave" as if to suggest a hybrid wave-vortex structure in which flow streamlines not only undulate with the waves, but form a closed circulation in the lower troposphere surrounding the low. This structure, equatorward of the easterly jet axis, is identified herein as the familiar critical layer of waves in shear flow, a flow configuration which arguably provides the simplest conceptual framework for tropical cyclogenesis resulting from tropical waves, their interaction with the mean flow, and with diabatic processes associated with deep moist convection. The recirculating Kelvin cat's eye within the critical layer represents a sweet spot for tropical cyclogenesis in which a proto-vortex may form and grow within its parent wave. A common location for storm development is given by the intersection of the wave's critical latitude and trough axis at the center of the cat's eye, with analyzed vorticity centroid nearby. The wave and vortex live together for a time, and initially propagate at approximately the same speed. In most cases this coupled propagation continues for a few days after a tropical depression is identified. For easterly waves, as the name suggests, the propagation is westward. It is shown that in order to visualize optimally the associated Lagrangian motions, one should view the flow streamlines, or stream function, in a frame of reference translating horizontally with the phase propagation of the parent wave. In this co-moving frame, streamlines are approximately equivalent to particle trajectories. The closed circulation is quasi-stationary, and a dividing streamline separates air within the cat's eye from air outside. The critical layer equatorward of the easterly jet axis is important to tropical cyclogenesis because its cat's eye provides (i) a region of cyclonic vorticity and weak deformation by the resolved flow, (ii) containment of moisture entrained by the developing gyre and/or lofted by deep convection therein, (iii) confinement of mesoscale vortex aggregation, (iv) a predominantly convective type of heating profile, and (v) maintenance or enhancement of the parent wave until the vortex becomes a self-sustaining entity and emerges from the wave as a tropical depression. The entire sequence is likened to the development of a marsupial infant in its mother's pouch. These ideas are formulated in three new hypotheses describing the flow kinematics and dynamics, moist thermodynamics and wave/vortex interactions comprising the "marsupial paradigm". A survey of 55 named tropical storms in 1998–2001 reveals that actual critical layers sometimes resemble the ideal east-west train of cat's eyes, but are usually less regular, with one or more recirculation regions in the co-moving frame. It is shown that the kinematics of isolated proto-vortices carried by the wave also can be visualized in a frame of reference translating at or near the phase speed of the parent wave. The proper translation speeds for wave and vortex may vary with height owing to vertical shear and wave-vortex interaction. Some implications for entrainment/containment of vorticity and moisture in the cat's eye are discussed from this perspective, based on the observational survey.

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Raxbaroy, Yangiboyeva. "OPTIMIZING IRRIGATION AND SOIL MOISTURE MANAGEMENT IN UZBEKISTAN’S AGRICULTURAL SECTOR THROUGH MODERN TECHNOLOGIES." American Journal of Applied Science and Technology 4, no. 10 (2024): 26–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/ajast/volume04issue10-04.

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This article examines the role of modern technologies in improving irrigation and soil moisture management in Uzbekistan’s agricultural sector. With 9.7% of the country’s land under irrigation, efficient water use is critical. Traditional soil moisture measurement methods are labor-intensive, while IoT-based sensors and automated systems offer real-time monitoring and optimization. Research findings show that these technologies enhance water conservation, increase crop productivity, and prevent soil degradation, making them essential for sustainable agriculture in water-scarce regions like Uzbekistan.

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Gawankar, M. S., P. M. Haldankar, B. R. Salvi, et al. "Critical moisture level for seed viability in jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.)." emergent Life Sciences Research 06, no. 01 (2020): 01–05. http://dx.doi.org/10.31783/elsr.2020.610105.

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Ao, Weichao, Maosheng Wang, Jiaming Liu, Jie Li, and Junhua Wu. "Experimental Study on Critical Moisture Content of Octadecylamine Modified Expansive Soil." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 719, no. 3 (2021): 032029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/719/3/032029.

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SATO, Kiyoshi, Hisato YAMAMOTO, Atsushi TAYA, and Hiroyuki OKUYAMA. "Influence of Moisture Content on Critical Stress Intensity Factor of Wood." Journal of the Society of Materials Science, Japan 49, no. 4 (2000): 365–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2472/jsms.49.365.

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Tavukçuoğlu, A., and E. Grinzato. "Determination of critical moisture content in porous materials by IR thermography." Quantitative InfraRed Thermography Journal 3, no. 2 (2006): 231–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3166/qirt.3.231-245.

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Johansson, Pernilla, Thomas Svensson, and Annika Ekstrand-Tobin. "Validation of critical moisture conditions for mould growth on building materials." Building and Environment 62 (April 2013): 201–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2013.01.012.

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Rezaei, Farzaneh, and Jean S. VanderGheynst. "Critical moisture content for microbial growth in dried food-processing residues." Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 90, no. 12 (2010): 2000–2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.4044.

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Chen, Hao, and Hongfeng Zhao. "Investigating the impact of water uptake and sheath moisture on electric field distribution in internal air gaps of high voltage composite insulators." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2936, no. 1 (2025): 012034. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2936/1/012034.

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Abstract Composite insulators are widely utilized in power systems as critical insulation devices. However, internal air gaps within these insulators are susceptible to partial discharge defects due to factors such as water uptake and sheath moisture, which can lead to flashover incidents. The majority of current research on composite insulators mainly focuses on air-filled gaps, with limited studies exploring the effects of water and moist air infiltration, generally employing experimental methods to measure electric field intensity. Nonetheless, these experiments are often constrained by limited conditions and fail to accurately measure the internal moisture distribution within the gaps, thus hindering a deeper understanding of electric field patterns within these gaps. Computational methods, on the other hand, have demonstrated advantages in simulating electric field distributions in realistic environments. Finite element analysis (FEA), a powerful computational tool, can be effectively applied to the calculation of air gaps in composite insulators. To gain a deeper understanding of the performance of high voltage ends of composite insulators in complex environmental conditions, particularly the infiltration of moisture between the core rod and the sheath, and the changes caused by sheath moisture due to rainfall, this study employs advanced finite element analysis software, COMSOL. By constructing an accurate FXBW4-110/100 AC composite insulator three-dimensional air gap model, the study can closely simulate the impact of varying water vapor conditions on electric field distribution. The model is based on actual physical phenomena and structural parameters such as the core rod, sheath, and their interfaces. By setting different humidity levels and simulating the rainfall process, the study observes how the electric field at the air gap is influenced by the diffusion of water molecules during the water uptake phase. Subsequently, as the sheath becomes moist, the study further explores how moisture interacts with the air and is absorbed by the insulation materials, thereby affecting electric field intensity. Notably, since there are interactions between water uptake and sheath moisture, the study not only analyzes the impact of individual factors but also considers the combined effect when both water uptake and sheath moisture are present. The results of this combined effect reveal the dynamic changes in electric field intensity over time, providing crucial insights into the durability and reliability of insulators.

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Gaona, Jaime, Pilar Benito-Verdugo, José Martínez-Fernández, Ángel González-Zamora, Laura Almendra-Martín, and Carlos Miguel Herrero-Jiménez. "Soil Moisture Outweighs Climatic Factors in Critical Periods for Rainfed Cereal Yields: An Analysis in Spain." Agriculture 12, no. 4 (2022): 533. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12040533.

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Cereals are keystone crops for achieving food security and socioeconomic equilibrium, but rainfed cropland is highly sensitive to environmental anomalies that impact yields. The impact of soil moisture on cereal yield is particularly overlooked. This study evaluates the impact of root-zone soil moisture on yield compared to nine common climatic variables: maximum and minimum temperature, diurnal temperature range, growing degree days, accumulated rainfall, radiation, photothermal quotient, relative humidity of the air, and vapor pressure deficit. This study used the climatic database E-OBSv23 and the soil moisture databases ERA5-Land and LISFLOOD, focused on wheat and barley over the main cereal areas of Spain. Correlation analysis between annual yield and daily soil moisture and climatic data provided indicated the prevalence and concurrence of the impact factors on phenological stages of the Zadoks scale. Critical periods of impact on wheat and barley yields primarily concentrate during the growth and reproductive phases of spring. Soil moisture exceeds all other factors in magnitude and duration of influence, and our results suggest a complex interplay of factors during the critical spring period. This study highlights the preeminent role of soil moisture over climatic factors on the variability of rainfed cereal yields in water-limited areas.

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