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Journal articles on the topic 'Critical rethinking on crime'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 11 March 2023

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1

Viktorivna Korotiuk, Oksana, Ruslan Anatolevich Cherkasskyi, Yana Koniushenko, and Valentyna Georgievna Drozd. "Rethinking the concept of crime prevention in the customs sphere." DIXI 25, no. 1 (December 16, 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.16925/2357-5891.2023.01.04.

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There is always a tendency in law that there is no way a society can exist without a crime commission, as a society without crime is like a human being without blood. Even though the crime commission has become a common phenomenon in a given society, its reduction and prevention are very imperative for the interest and well-being of the society. Every society that is regulated by a legitimate setup has the responsibility in ensuring the peace and security of this society by taking relevant measures in reducing the rate of crime committed in that society. The problem we face here remains that even though with all the laudable efforts of the various law enforcement agencies and organs in Ukraine, it is still practically difficult and impossible in preventing crime commissions in the country, and there still exists a continuous increase rate of crimes committed in the country. This constant increase in crime commission has provoked a doubt in the mind of many as the customary objective of the society is that of crime prevention. In answering this critical controversy that has surrounded the state of Ukraine as to problem affecting the prevention of crime, it will be proper for us to examine some of those justifications posed that have made it difficult for the State of Ukraine and other law enforcement officials in combating and preventing crimes in the country. It is therefore this backdrop that we think something needs to be done by the State of Ukraine to use all the appropriate measures in ensuring security and social order in the society.

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Pandey, Muskan, and Gunjan Jha. "Rethinking National Security in the Context of Nepal." Unity Journal 4, no. 01 (February 15, 2023): 302–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/unityj.v4i01.52247.

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This paper explores discourses of rethinking national security and the modern security challenges of Nepal, especially targeting the factors of both comprehensive and human security. The existing literature on Nepal has discussed the issues of threats such as fraud, cyber-crime, corruption, transnational organized crime, such as, illegal migration, identity politics raised by ethnic and religious groups, transit hub of narcotics, political disputes, economic downturns etc., and suggests ways of addressing those threats in both policies and implications. Security practices in Nepal sustains a gap in addressing non-traditional security mechanisms where the basic issues of the security dilemma, socio-cultural cohesion, political strength, diplomatic support, and military readiness are widely overlooked. In such a context, this paper explores the undergoing modern security challenges in Nepal based on a holistic approach. The critical constructivism perspective has been applied to rethink different dimensions of national security. This paper raises pertinent questions for strategic intervention in the contemporary context considering Nepal’s geostrategic importance, diplomatic presence, and national interest. The conclusion of the paper portrays the ways of ensuring national security which eventually helps security professional researchers and scholars.

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3

Scott, Kamela K., Joseph J. Tepas, Eric Frykberg, Pamela M. Taylor, and A. J. Plotkin. "Turning Point: Rethinking Violence???Evaluation of Program Efficacy in Reducing Adolescent Violent Crime Recidivism." Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care 53, no. 1 (July 2002): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005373-200207000-00005.

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4

Munte, Alponso, and Desi Natalia. "Rethinking the Principle of Obedience to Eradicate Terrorist Women in Indonesia." TEMALI : Jurnal Pembangunan Sosial 5, no. 1 (April 19, 2022): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/jt.v5i1.16473.

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In society, there are symptoms of women as suicide bombers. This act of terror robs Human Rights. Here, acts of terror seem to be something banal. This paper aims to dissect what philosophy can relieve the symptoms of female terrorists. This study is a discourse analysis with a philosophical review of Hannah Arendt regarding the banality of crime and obedience. This paper finds that people at the grassroots level in Indonesia still think that the concept of obedience by putting aside critical thinking is a virtue and can also be a threat to humanity universally. From the existing discourse, the writer finds that the answer to this problem is awareness of citizenship compliance. This study contributes to the re-emergence of philosophy in social studies. The root of sociology itself is a philosophy that always invites back rationality in every decision and action.

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Faleye, Olukayode A. "Border Securitisation and Politics of State Policy in Nigeria, 2014–2017." Insight on Africa 11, no. 1 (November 22, 2018): 78–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0975087818805887.

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This article examines the politics of public policies characterised by increased securitisation of Nigeria’s national boundary from 2014 to 2017. While the regulation appears on paper to discourage transborder crime, capital outflow and sustain a favourable balance of payment, the existing armoury of West African border literature argues otherwise. What is new in the transborder dynamics of West Africa? What informs government’s border policies in Nigeria? In answering these questions, this study provides a template for a reassessment of the gap between borderlands theory and policy in West Africa. The approach is comparative based on the critical analysis of oral interviews, government trade records, newspaper reports and the extant literature. The article provides a platform for rethinking of the nexus between governance and development in West Africa from the securitisation and neo-patrimonial perspectives. It concludes that effective border management in Nigeria is set aback by misguided and dysfunctional elitist-centred regulations that are devoid of the realities on the ground.

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6

Murray, Daragh, and Pete Fussey. "Bulk Surveillance in the Digital Age: Rethinking the Human Rights Law Approach to Bulk Monitoring of Communications Data." Israel Law Review 52, no. 1 (February 18, 2019): 31–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021223718000304.

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The digital age has brought new possibilities and potency to state surveillance activities. Of significance has been the advent of bulk communications data monitoring, which involves the large-scale collection, retention and subsequent analysis of communications data. The scale and invasiveness of these techniques generate key questions regarding their ‘necessity’ from a human rights law perspective and they are the subject of ongoing human rights-based litigation. This article examines bulk communications data surveillance through the lens of human rights law, undertaking critical examination of both the potential utility of bulk communications surveillance and – drawing on social science analysis – the potential human rights-related harm. It argues that utility and harm calculations can conceal the complex nature of contemporary digital surveillance practices, rendering current approaches to the ‘necessity’ test problematic. The article argues that (i) the distinction between content and communications data be removed; (ii) analysis of surveillance-related harm must extend beyond privacy implications and incorporate society-wide effects; and (iii) a more nuanced approach to bulk communications data be developed. Suggestions are provided as to how the ‘necessity’ of bulk surveillance measures may be evaluated, with an emphasis on understanding the type of activity that may qualify as ‘serious crime’.

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7

Salinger, Lawrence M. "Rethinking Corporate Crime." Contemporary Sociology: A Journal of Reviews 34, no. 3 (May 2005): 312–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009430610503400354.

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8

Savelsberg, Joachim J., and Tony G. Poveda. "Rethinking White-Collar Crime." Social Forces 73, no. 4 (June 1995): 1630. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2580473.

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9

Sampson, Robert J. "Rethinking Crime and Immigration." Contexts 7, no. 1 (February 2008): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ctx.2008.7.1.28.

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10

Allen, Rob. "Rethinking Crime and Punishment." Criminal Justice Matters 58, no. 1 (December 2004): 38–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09627250408553247.

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11

Hagan, John. "Rethinking Crime in America." American Bar Foundation Research Journal 10, no. 03 (1985): 600–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-4469.1985.tb00510.x.

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12

Zubchenko, Serhii. "‘Humanitarian Weapons’ in Geopolitical Confrontations of the 21st Century: Strategic Resources of National Resilience." Diplomatic Ukraine, no. XXII (2021): 763–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.37837/2707-7683-2021-41.

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The article deals with the analysis of humanitarian and security aspects of topical issues on the international agenda (particularly Russia’s ongoing aggression against Ukraine and the deepening geopolitical rivalry between the U.S. and China, in which the PRC uses Russia as an ‘icebreaker’ against the collective West) in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, erosion of the international legal system, and weaknesses of international institutions. The author outlines the origins of trends regarding unjustified tolerance of various ‘left’ ideas, pro-Russian politicians, and practices in liberal-democratic countries after the collapse of the USSR; these trends often lead to indoctrination of harmful strategic illusions, growth of dangerous populist, authoritarian or extremist public attitudes, and significant escalation of threats to national, regional, and international security. The article substantiates the fundamental importance of restoring the territorial integrity of Ukraine within internationally recognised borders for ensuring global stability, security, and legal order. The author articulates the necessity of imposing greater sanctions and restrictive measures against Russia, its legal entities, individuals, and proxies, which continue to use the methods of hybrid warfare and state terrorism (not only in the occupied Crimea and ORDLO but also around the world), as well as of bringing to justice the persons involved in international and war crimes. Given the changes in the global security environment, the article emphasises the need for critical analysis and rational rethinking of some methodological approaches and strategic ideas previously used in national and international policy. The author also enunciates some recommendations for Ukraine to ensure its national resilience, further strengthen its humanitarian component, and implement appropriate internal (to support the readiness of society to effectively resist permanent and sudden security threats) and external (to establish a proper international credibility of Ukraine, ensure its international support) measures. Keywords: Russian military aggression against Ukraine, international law, international security, diplomacy, foreign policy, national security, national resilience, geopolitics.

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13

Allen, Rob. "Rethinking Crime and Punishment 2." Criminal Justice Matters 62, no. 1 (December 2005): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09627250508553101.

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14

Mendonça Filho, Alberto Hora, and Clara Cardoso Machado Jaborandy. "Measure for measure? judicial protagonism in Brazil, Beccaria’s fear, and the criminal procedure as constitutional instrumentality." ANAMORPHOSIS - Revista Internacional de Direito e Literatura 5, no. 1 (June 11, 2019): 253–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.21119/anamps.51.253-275.

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This paper’s main objective is to present, based on the Shakespearean play “Measure for Measure”, and the hermeneutical observations of Cesare Beccaria, the necessity of rethinking the role of the court in the criminal procedure. In order to do so, a qualitative research was adopted, as well as a bibliographical-documentary analysis, insofar as it dealt with scientific articles and doctrinal texts, as well as legislative documents and judicial decisions, using the deductive method. The undeniable contribution of literature to the juridical science is thus made visible, as it makes possible a strong critical subversion, besides portraying cultures and also working with interpretation. In this sense, after the synthesis of the Shakespearean plot, two models of judgments, objectivist and subjectivist, were visualized, which facilitates the debate about the magistrate’s role in the criminal process. This same logic was applied by Beccaria in “On Crimes and Punishments”, in which the author dismissed any kind of judicial voluntarism, and attributed to the judge the obedient execution of the written law. Thus, it was found that, since the constitutional reading of the criminal process is intrinsic to democracy, it is incumbent upon the magistrate to construct and maintain the process as a space for effecting guarantees and rights of the accused, so as to be a true spectator. Finally, the excessive emphasis on court decision results in a real disassociation with the accusatory system, as, by ignoring the semantic limits of the legal text, except in the case of constitutionality / conventionality control or in favor of the defendant, it performs a vulgar arbitration, which undermines the constitutional instrumentality.

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15

Kennedy, Leslie W., Albert J. Reiss, and Michael Tonry. "Rethinking the Community's Role in Crime." Contemporary Sociology 17, no. 3 (May 1988): 354. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2069650.

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16

Meier, Robert F. "Book Review: Rethinking White-Collar Crime." Criminal Justice Review 20, no. 2 (September 1995): 202–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073401689502000211.

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17

Hartmann, Douglas, and Brooks Depro. "Rethinking Sports-Based Community Crime Prevention." Journal of Sport and Social Issues 30, no. 2 (May 2006): 180–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0193723506286863.

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18

Maher, Lisa, and David Dixon. "Cheaper drugs as crime control? Rethinking the drugs/crime nexus." Dialectical Anthropology 40, no. 4 (April 22, 2016): 343–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10624-016-9419-4.

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19

Hirschi, Travis, and Michael Gottfredson. "Rethinking the Juvenile Justice System." Crime & Delinquency 39, no. 2 (April 1993): 262–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128793039002010.

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Crime is the product of the confluence of individuals low on self-control and appropriate opportunities. The likelihood of crime varies continuously with age, but the meaning of criminal acts does not depend on the age of the offender. Distinctions based on age are thus arbitrary, and probably cause more trouble than they are worth. Special treatment of juveniles is based on an erroneous image of developmental sequences, and misrepresents differences between juvenile and adult crime. We argue that one justice system would be better than two, and that of the models currently available, the juvenile system seems preferable to the adult.

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20

DeLuca, Kevin. "Rethinking Critical Theory." Environmental Ethics 23, no. 3 (2001): 307–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/enviroethics200123318.

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21

ZECCARDI, JOE. "Rethinking Critical Communication." Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism 68, no. 4 (November 2010): 367–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6245.2010.01431.x.

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22

Kompridis, Nikolas. "Rethinking Critical Theory." International Journal of Philosophical Studies 13, no. 3 (September 2005): 299–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09672550500169075.

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23

Vogus, Timothy J. "Rethinking Critical Advancements." Health Care Management Review 45, no. 1 (2020): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/hmr.0000000000000274.

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24

van Swaaningen, Rene, and Ian Taylor. "Rethinking critical criminology." Crime, Law and Social Change 21, no. 2 (June 1994): 183–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01307911.

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25

Riley, Chris. "Rethinking reward at the National Crime Squad." Strategic HR Review 4, no. 1 (November 2004): 28–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14754390480000578.

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26

O'Hare, Michael. "Rethinking How to Reduce Crime and Punishment." California Journal of Politics and Policy 2, no. 1 (April 27, 2010): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5070/p27307.

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27

Bordt, Rebecca L. "Book Review: Rethinking Gender, Crime, and Justice." Teaching Sociology 35, no. 3 (July 2007): 294–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0092055x0703500316.

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28

Black, Jay. "Rethinking the Naming of Sex Crime Victims." Newspaper Research Journal 16, no. 3 (June 1995): 96–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073953299501600309.

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This commentary attempts to work through the news media's ethical dilemma of covering sex crimes so that victims' rights advocates and media personnel can find common ground. Traditional approaches to sex crimes—using craft-based, professionally oriented definitions of news—should be replaced with ethically principled orientations toward news once concerns over “rights” are augmented with concerns over “duties.”

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29

Li, Wei. "Rethinking Critical Metaphor Analysis." International Journal of English Linguistics 6, no. 2 (March 29, 2016): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v6n2p92.

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<p>Critical Metaphor Analysis is concerned with integrating critical discourse analysis, corpus linguistics, pragmatics and cognitive linguistics to explore implicit speaker intentions and covert power relations through the analysis of metaphoric expressions. CMA has been a meaningful enrichment of both Critical Discourse Analysis and Conceptual Metaphor Theory. This paper aims to give an overview of the formation of CMA, the research findings, the existing problems and the possible solutions.</p>

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30

Koops, Bert-Jaap. "Technology and the Crime Society: Rethinking Legal Protection." Law, Innovation and Technology 1, no. 1 (July 2009): 93–124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17579961.2009.11428366.

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Gore, Meredith L., Jonah Ratsimbazafy, and Michelle L. Lute. "Rethinking Corruption in Conservation Crime: Insights from Madagascar." Conservation Letters 6, no. 6 (May 24, 2013): 430–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/conl.12032.

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Soudijn, Melvin R. J. "Rethinking money laundering and drug trafficking." Journal of Money Laundering Control 19, no. 3 (July 4, 2016): 298–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmlc-07-2015-0028.

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Purpose In accordance with the literature on money laundering, policymakers and researchers often use a model which distinguishes three successive stages: placement, layering and integration. But how well does this model compare to actual investigations of money laundering in relation to large-scale drug trafficking? Design/methodology/approach The basis is formed by data collected in 2012 for that year’s crime pattern analysis (CPA) for money laundering and cocaine trafficking. In all, 46 structured interviews were conducted. These interviews mostly centred around money laundering, involving the proceeds of drugs crime. As a result of the interviews, the dossiers from 16 criminal investigations were also obtained for further analysis. Findings Comparing the three-phase model with Dutch investigations on drug trafficking, three observations can be made. First of all, cash plays a larger role than the theoretical model would suggest. Second, the proceeds of crime are often moved abroad, circumventing the legal financial system. And third, money laundering often occurs in much simpler forms than the theory would lead one to suspect. Research limitations/implications The sources mainly involve criminal investigations into organized drug trafficking. Investigations involving white collar crime and fraud will probably generate different outcomes. Another caveat is that the situation in other countries may differ from the picture that emerges from the Dutch data. Practical implications Combating money laundering is sometimes a job for specialists, but many forms (involving cash and moving money around) can easily be left to ordinary investigative officers with no financial background. Money laundering therefore needs to be demystified to broaden the opportunities for investigating analyzing and researching money laundering. Furthermore, it is not always practical to depend on Financial Intelligence Unit’s information to start an investigation or to evaluate anti-money laundering efficiency. Originality/value The literature on money laundering often centres around judicial system, legal issues and theoretical solutions. Empirical data is hard to come by. This article uses information from actual investigations to illustrate aspects of money laundering that can be overlooked.

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McDaniel, John LM. "Rethinking the law and politics of democratic police accountability." Police Journal: Theory, Practice and Principles 91, no. 1 (January 6, 2017): 22–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032258x16685107.

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This paper evaluates the work and impact of a number of Police and Crime Commissioners (PCCs) in England and Wales and attempts to refocus public discourse and scrutiny on their police and crime plans as a key prism through which their performance should be measured. Drawing upon the literature published by various PCCs, the Stevens Commission, the Home Affairs Committee and numerous academics, the paper will argue that a major reform of democratic police accountability in England and Wales is needed. Due to the often voluminous and piecemeal nature of the documents published on the PCCs’ websites, the textual analysis is limited to the police and crime plans for Greater Manchester, the West Midlands and the London Metropolitan area.

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Leshem, Rotem, and David Weisburd. "Epigenetics and Hot Spots of Crime: Rethinking the Relationship Between Genetics and Criminal Behavior." Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice 35, no. 2 (February 19, 2019): 186–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1043986219828924.

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There is a growing recognition of the importance of micro-geographic areas in the generation of crime problems. While many studies show that crime is heavily concentrated at crime hot spots, scholars have only begun to examine how living in such places affects human development. We point to an unexplored component of the relationship between living in a hot spot, and crime and violence. We argue that crime hot spots function as violent and stressful environments and thus have long-term, possibly intergenerational, impacts on brain development. It is proposed that living in such places may be associated with DNA methylation profiles related to aggressive behavior. In this context, the study of the epigenetic influences of crime hot spots has tremendous potential for advancing our understanding of crime and violence, as well as generating new approaches for crime prevention.

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Eriksson, Göran. "Rethinking the Rethinking." Nordicom Review 27, no. 1 (February 1, 2006): 31–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nor-2017-0217.

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Abstract During the last few decades, the possibilities and limitations of qualitative media audience research have regularly been discussed in media and communication research. Quantitatively oriented researchers have claimed that qualitatively oriented research is incapable of producing general knowledge. From a ‘radical ethnographic’ point of view it has been stated that such knowledge is more or less useless, while other qualitatively oriented researchers have approached the question of generality in a more balanced way, and argued for the necessity to interpret specific events within a framework of more general theories. But these solutions are not satisfactory. The aim of this article is to suggest an alternative conceptualisation of generality. From the meta-theoretical viewpoint of critical realism, this article states that generalisations have to take into consideration the domain of the deep structures of reality. Qualitative media audience research should aim at producing general knowledge about the constituent properties or transfactual conditions of the process of media consumption.

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Browning, Gary K. "Rethinking Collingwood, Rethinking Hegel." Hegel Bulletin 24, no. 1-2 (2003): 17–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263523200001786.

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The idea of rethinking plays a central role in the philosophy of R.G.Collingwood. In undertaking his philosophical analysis of history, Collingwood conceives of the study of past actions to consist in their rethinking by means of the historian's scrutiny of the evidence that he or she assembles in the present. Rethinking, for Collingwood, is also an apposite term to capture the reflective activity of philosophy insofar as it analyses the conditions and practices of human conduct and thought, and in so doing explains them by rehearsing their interconnections in systematic fashion. Throughout his career, Collingwood takes these two modes of rethinking to be interconnected. Notably, Collingwood conceives of his own practice of analysing the fundamental concepts of history as, in turn, presupposing the prior development of a tradition of historical thinking and analytical reflection upon the methods of history. He himself draws upon this tradition in his self-conscious process of rethinking it, which is exemplified in the main body of The Idea of History. Collingwood also understands the practice of rethinking as implying a critical perspective on preceding modes of thought, hi his formulaic notion of historical explanation as consisting in the re-enactment of past thought and in his affiliated notions of rethinking, Collingwood does not assume that the act of rethinking is to be regarded as the same act as the original piece of thinking that is to be understood. Thought is universal so that the same thought can be the object of different particular acts of thought. The differences between acts of thought remain, however, so that rethinking a previous thought is to rethink in a significantly new context in which the thinker is aware of the pastness of the thought rethought. This contextual awareness, for Collingwood, underlies the critical interrogation of past thinkers and thought and provides for the possibility of progress.

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Schlossman, Steven, and Stephanie Wallach. "Response to Critics: Rethinking “The Crime of Precocious Sexuality”." Journal of the History of Childhood and Youth 2, no. 1 (2009): 110–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hcy.0.0040.

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Johnston, Les. "Rethinking the global dynamics of crime, money and power." Crime, Law and Social Change 50, no. 4-5 (April 3, 2008): 411–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10611-008-9108-6.

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O'BRIEN, CORMAC. "Rethinking Masculinity." Theatre Research International 36, no. 3 (August 30, 2011): 286–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s030788331100054x.

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Authentic Irish manhood has long been the concern of several self-appointed vanguards. However, just exactly what may constitute authentic Irish manhood has not, until quite recently, been the subject of serious critical and theoretical reflection. Moreover, Irish playwriting (and theatre production) has a notoriously male-dominated history. Because of this masculinist and often misogynistic slant to Irish theatre writing, there is a sense, for the masculinities scholar at least, that any piece of erudite theatre scholarship can make critical inroads into the deconstruction of Irish masculinity in performance.

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Liss, Ryan. "Crimes Against the Sovereign Order: Rethinking International Criminal Justice." American Journal of International Law 113, no. 4 (August 23, 2019): 727–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ajil.2019.52.

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AbstractThe scope of international criminal jurisdiction poses a fundamental challenge for criminal law theory. Prevailing justifications for the state's authority to punish crime assume the existence of connections between the state and either the criminal or the crime that are not always present in the international criminal context. Recognizing this gap, this Article introduces a new theory of what distinguishes international crimes from domestic crimes and justifies the unusual scope of international criminal jurisdiction. As this Article explains, international crimes are unique in the way they undermine international society's structure as a system of sovereign states.

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Bradshaw, Melissa. "Rethinking Resilience." Engineer 302, no. 7940 (October 2022): 26–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/s0013-7758(23)90019-x.

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42

Jones, Carol. "Crime prevention: A critical introduction." Security Journal 27, no. 1 (January 17, 2014): 124–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/sj.2012.15.

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Müller, Jan-Werner. "Democracy’s critical infrastructure: Rethinking intermediary powers." Philosophy & Social Criticism 47, no. 3 (January 29, 2021): 269–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0191453720987874.

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Ever since the 19th century, political parties and free media were widely deemed indispensable for the proper functioning of representative democracy. They constituted what one might call the critical infrastructure of democracy, an infrastructure which enabled citizens to use their basic rights effectively and also to reach each other (and be reached). Both intermediary institutions are undergoing major structural transformations today (or might disappear altogether, if processes of ‘disintermediation’ continue). It has proven difficult to judge these changes, partly because we lack a proper account of the distinctive normative roles of intermediary institutions beyond standard claims of ‘connecting citizens to the political system’. The essay argues that intermediary powers remain indispensable in staging political conflict, in providing external and internal pluralism and in properly structuring political time.

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Leshem, Noam, and Alasdair Pinkerton. "Rethinking expeditions: On critical expeditionary practice." Progress in Human Geography 43, no. 3 (April 18, 2018): 496–514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309132518768413.

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The expedition’s complicity in the imperial project of conquest, extraction and settlement has placed it as an object of critique, but largely discredited its significance as a valid research method in the critical social sciences. Yet dismissing the expedition merely as an imperial remnant risks ignoring more nuanced histories that bear no resemblance to myths of conquest and masculine heroics. Instead, this paper considers the expedition as a malleable practice that can be critically appropriated and manipulated in ways that retain and further the critique of violence and knowledge production, while also experimenting with creative alternatives to some of its conventions.

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Friedman, M., and S. P. Mennin. "Rethinking critical issues in performance assessment." Academic Medicine 66, no. 7 (July 1991): 390–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001888-199107000-00003.

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Lynch, Brian K. "Rethinking assessment from a critical perspective." Language Testing 18, no. 4 (October 2001): 351–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026553220101800403.

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Lynch, B. K. "Rethinking assessment from a critical perspective." Language Testing 18, no. 4 (October 1, 2001): 351–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/026553201682430085.

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Bendor, Jonathan, and Thomas H. Hammond. "Rethinking Allison's Models." American Political Science Review 86, no. 2 (June 1992): 301–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1964222.

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The ideas in Graham Allison's Essence of Decision (1971) have had an enormous impact on the study and teaching of bureaucracy and foreign policy making. While Allison's work has received considerable critical attention, there has been surprisingly little examination of the content and internal logic of his models. We subject each of Allison's three models to a systematic critical analysis. Our conclusion is that the models require substantial reformulation.

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Tulu, Diriba Adugna. "Rethinking the Penalty of Illicit Enrichment Crime in Ethiopia: Lessons from Comparative Analysis." Hasanuddin Law Review 6, no. 3 (December 7, 2020): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/halrev.v6i3.2410.

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The crime of illicit enrichment has been widely accepted as a useful mechanism for curbing corruption, both international and regional anti-corruption instruments. This article's main objective is to comparatively analyze the rationality and appropriateness of the penalty provided for illicit enrichment crime in the Ethiopian Corruption Crimes Proclamation compared with Hong Kong and Rwanda's legal regimes to draw some best lessons and way forwards for the identified problems. The article found that the Ethiopia Corruption Crimes Proclamation fails to set a minimum penalty limit and entails severe punishment in terms of imprisonment and fine that can convey a meaningful message to potential offenders. Thus, the penalty provided for the crime of illicit enrichment is designed in a manner in which the person who commits such crime has the chance to be less punished. In effect, this provision is inconsistent with the purpose of criminal law and major sentencing principles, but it also degenerates public confidence in the justice system. Therefore, Ethiopia needs to take a lesson from Hong Kong and Rwanda's experiences in incorporating severe and setting minimum limit of penalty for the crime of illicit enrichment that can convey a meaningful message to potential offenders.

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Baker, Max, and Sven Modell. "Rethinking performativity." Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal 32, no. 4 (May 24, 2019): 930–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aaaj-11-2017-3247.

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to advance a critical realist perspective on performativity and use it to examine how novel conceptions of corporate social responsibility (CSR) have performative effects.Design/methodology/approachTo illustrate how the authors’ critical realist understanding of performativity can play out, the authors offer a field study of an Australian packaging company and engage in retroductive and retrodictive theorising.FindingsIn contrast to most prior accounting research, the authors advance a structuralist understanding of performativity that pays more systematic attention to the causal relationships that underpin performative tendencies. The authors explain how such tendencies are conditioned by pre-existing, social structures, conceptualised in terms of multiple, intersecting norm circles. The authors illustrate their argument empirically by showing how specific conceptions of CSR, centred on the notion of “shared value”, were cemented by the interplay between the causal powers embedded in such norm circles and how this suppressed alternative conceptions of this phenomenon.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings draw attention to the structural boundary conditions under which particular conceptions of CSR can be expected to become performative. Greater attention to such boundary conditions, denoting the social structures that reinforce and counteract performative tendencies, is required to further cumulative, yet context-sensitive, theory development on this topic.Originality/valueThe paper is the first to adopt a critical realist perspective on performativity in the accounting literature. This perspective strikes a middle path between the highly constructivist ontology, adopted in most accounting research concerned with performativity and realist criticisms of this ontological position for de-emphasising the influence of pre-existing, objective realities on performativity.

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