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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Critical security studies'
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1
Nunes, João. "Rethinking emancipation in critical security studies." Thesis, Aberystwyth University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2160/177aca5b-1155-4b95-8766-35bd37250899.
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Since the end of the Cold War, there has been a comprehensive challenge to dominant conceptions in Security Studies. Security has been approached as a political phenomenon, resulting from political assumptions and having political effects. The politicization of security has been pursued by a number of so-called ‘critical approaches,’ including ‘security as emancipation.’ The latter argues that security consists in removing or alleviating constraints upon the lives of individuals and groups – such as poverty, ill health, or lack of education. This thesis asks two questions: firstly, can the ‘security as emancipation’ approach, in its current formulation, deliver on its claims and promises, in the context of the effort of politicization in Security Studies? And secondly, if it is shown that there are weaknesses, in what ways can the analytical and normative outlook of security as emancipation be strengthened through an engagement with other resources in the literature? Chapters 1 and 2 establish the context in which the merits of security as emancipation must be judged. They conclude that an engagement with this approach must focus on the way it conceives the multiple connections between security and politics. Chapters 3, 4 and 5 pursue this insight, by focusing on the notions of reality, threat and power respectively. In each of these themes, the argument identifies gaps in security as emancipation and suggests theoretical reconsiderations based on an engagement with approaches and ideas – in the critical security literature and in social and political theory – that so far have been neglected or not examined sufficiently by this approach. This thesis aims to re-establish security as emancipation as a valid interlocutor within critical debates about security. It also aims to show that the dialogue between critical approaches is, not only possible, but beneficial to understanding the politicization of security.
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Bilgin, Hatice Pinar. "Regional security in the Middle East : a critical security studies perspective." Thesis, Aberystwyth University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2160/2cb22a06-5783-4d11-8387-7cc38dfe4fc2.
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This is a study of regional security in the Middle East from a Critical Security Studies perspective. The main aim of the thesis is to provide an account of the pasts, presents and futures of regional security in the Middle East cognisant of the relationships between the three in one's thinking as well as practices. This is achieved through the threefold structure of the thesis, which looks at Cold War pasts (Part I), post-Cold War presents (Part II) and possible futures (Part III). The thesis also has a set of more specific aims. First, it aims to present a critique of prevailing security discourses in theory and practice with reference to regional security in the Middle East and point to unfulfilled potential immanent in regional politics. Second, the thesis aims to explore the mutually constitutive relationship between (inventing) regions and theories and practices of security. And finally, it aims to show how Critical Security Studies might allow one to think differently about the futures of regional security in the Middle East. The overall thesis is that the Critical Security Studies perspective presents a fuller account of regional security in the Middle East; it offers a comprehensive framework recognising the dynamic relationships between various dimensions and levels of security, as voiced by multiple referents.
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Yilmaz, Feyzullah. "The United Nations Security Council Reform: A Critical Approach." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-9330.
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<p>Utilizing Critical Theory, through its neo-Gramscian and Frankfurt School dimensions, as the theoretical framework, this study aims to explain how the institutions, such as the United Nations, of an international system transform together with the structure – the international system. More specifically our aim is to explain the lack of transformation of only one body, the Security Council, of that specific institution, the United Nations.</p><p>Analyzing the press releases of the United Nations General Assembly in 1996, 1997, 2000, and 2006 and examining 337 statements from the Member States through Critical Theory to be able understand and explain how and why it hasn’t been possible to reform, or transform, the United Nations Security Council in the last 14 years since the establishment of the Open-Ended Working Group as a group to particularly deal with the question of reform. The analysis suggests that the current debates in the United Nations concerning the reform of the Security Council is unable to produce a successful transformation of that body because it is not possible for an institution to finalize its own transformation independent from that of the structure as a whole.</p>
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Matović, Aleksandar. "CASE STUDIES ON MODELING SECURITY IMPLICATIONS ON SAFETY." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-45320.
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Security is widely recognized as an important property that is tightly interdependentwith safety in safety-critical systems. The goal of this thesis is to conduct case studies on the implications that security attacks may have on the safety of these systems.In these case studies, we formally model the design of a robot arm system, verify itssecurity against some potential attack scenarios, propose mitigation techniques andanalyze their effectiveness. In order to achieve a thorough knowledge about the current formal verification approaches and select a proper modeling language/tool, weconducted an extensive literature review. We performed this review following a wellknown approach proposed by Barbara Kitchenham. The procedure and outcomes ofthis review are detailed in this thesis. Based on the literature review, we chose TRebeca, (a timed extension of Rebeca), as the formal language to model the robot armsystem, attack scenarios and mitigation techniques. Rebeca is an actor-based modeling language with a Java-like syntax that is effectively used to model concurrent anddistributed systems. This language is supported by a full-featured IDE called Afra,which facilitates the development of (T)Rebeca models and verification of correctnessproperties (such as safety and security) on them. Among several functions providedby a robot arm system, we chose two important functions i.e., Stand Still Supervisionand Control Error Supervision, which we believe would be interesting for attackerstrying to get control over robot movements. In particular, attackers may maliciouslymanipulate the parameter values of these functions, which may lead to safety issues.In order to find suitable attack scenarios on these functions, we studied the mostimportant security protocols used in safety-critical industrial control systems. Weobserved that these systems are vulnerable to several attacks, and man-in-the-middleattack is among the most successful attacks on these systems. Based on this study,we devised two attack scenarios for each function and modeled them with TRebeca.To mitigate these attacks, we proposed a redundancy technique, whose effectivenesswas also assured by Afra.
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Feldman, Daniel. "The roles and functions of private security companies in UN Peace Missions - a critical analysis." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/26882.
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This master's thesis analyses the roles that private security companies (PSCs) assume during United Nations (UN) peace missions. Following a literary review and contextual development of the PSC industry, this thesis makes use of a qualitative desktop study to examine five UN peace mission case studies in Africa in which PSCs were contracted to provide multiple roles for the UN. The case studies include UNAVEM, UNAMSIL, UNMIL, UNAMID, and MONUSCO. Each case study features a historical overview of the country's conflict, the UN mandate-related developments prior to and during the UN peace mission, the roles performed by PSCs in the peace operation, as well as a critical analysis of such PSC involvement. A subsequent discussion on the UNs use of PSCs finds that contracting provides the organisation with cost savings, more efficient operational capabilities, and the evasion of domestic sensitivities with regards to member state involvement in peace missions. The use of contractors, however, does also highlight the UNs vetting deficiencies in terms of the use of illegitimate companies, procurement issues - especially favouritism and corruption, and grave accountability problems associated with criminal prosecution mechanisms and the use of force by PSCs in the field. The thesis concludes that the reliance on contractors impacts the UNs peace mission endeavours in terms of increased militarization, a neo-colonial facet, and a gradual move towards privatized peacekeeping.
6
Williams, Paul D. "Intellectuals and the end of apartheid : critical security studies and the South African transition." Thesis, Aberystwyth University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.275443.
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Duclos, Pascal. "Blurred Lines : A Critical Inquiry into Power, Knowledge and (in)Security." Thesis, Försvarshögskolan, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-7438.
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This paper seeks ways of understanding the new challenges of a rapidly changing world, and does so by attempting to resist the disciplinary power of orthodox research methodology, by critically and reflexively inquiring into the politics of (in)security, and ultimately, by seeking novelty. It begins by first declaring its ethical and methodological starting points, then draws out an assemblage of contemporary security problematics. This leads over and narrows down into an inquiry into how to understand the developing structure of information and cyber security in Sweden. Drawing from critical security studies and feminist research ethics, it sketches out an analytical story of power and knowledge in an age of boundless risk, security and information. It furthermore argues for the need of security scholars, practitioners and politicians alike to move beyond simplistic understandings of the world, and to revision it as shaped by more complex dynamics and flows of the global, digitalized and virtual reality of the world.
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Li, Neville. "Securitisation of population dynamics in the People's Republic of China." Thesis, University of Bath, 2017. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.760944.
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As Kingsley Davis stated, ‘the study of population offers one of the unique and indispensable approaches to an understanding of world affairs’ (Davis 1954, p.vii). In the discipline of International Relations, valuable security and political implications have been yielded by examining how population growth constitutes violent conflicts in traditional security studies (e.g. Choucri 1974; North and Choucri 1971). Non-traditional security (NTS) also develops its own problem-solving approach, e.g. human security, to solve demographic-related issues encountered by humankind such as famine and unemployment (UNDP 1994). Despite both traditional and NTS studies having established their material approaches, the ideational relationship between security and population dynamics has yet to be studied in detail. Specifically, this dissertation examines how ideational relationship is/can be established by ‘securitising’ population dynamics, i.e. how to rhetorically make population dynamics a security threat. The thesis adopted a combined analytical framework of the Copenhagen School and the Paris School in the case of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) to identify how the ideational relationship between security and population dynamics was established. It first adopts the securitisation framework to examine how the PRC rhetorically constructed population growth as a security threat and introduced its emergency measure, i.e. the one-child policy. The dissertation then reveals the politics of the prolonged securitisation by evaluating the one-child policy as a technique for governmentality of unease and demonstrates how this constitutes the shift from securitising population growth to population decline. This dissertation argues that population dynamics can be constructed as (the cause of) numerous security threats through a successful securitisation. With the case of the PRC, the thesis demonstrates the de facto politicisation of population growth before the late 70s, and how the de jure securitisation was adopted in a Communist manner to legitimise the world’s strictest population policy, i.e. the one-child policy, as its emergency measure to solve various existential threats posed by population dynamics. In addition, the study of politics of securitisation in the case of the PRC further unfolds the struggles of priorities among different actors, which brings us political, practical and relational implications about this governmentality of unease that lasted for almost 4 decades. A deeper understanding of how our ideas of demography shape what we call ‘security threats’ sheds lights on how states formulate comprehensive security agendas by taking population dynamics into account due to its immense importance to threat construction. Other security actors such as international organisations, private sectors, and even individuals can more easily convince relevant audiences to legitimise the securitisation of the specific demographic-related threats they are facing. As Sciubba put it, ‘population dynamics could be a challenge or an opportunity’ (Sciubba 2011, p.3). Accumulating knowledge of the ideational connections between security and population dynamics increases the ability of various security actors to confront these challenges through a successful securitisation, which contribute to preventing numerous demographic-related threats from happening or at least easing these pains of humankind.
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Mogire, Edward Omari. "Refugees in East Africa: implecations for host state security : a critical re-conceptualisation of refugees and securtiy studies using empirical case studies in Kenya and Tanzania." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.565942.
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Dario, Diogo M. "Human security policies in the Colombian conflict during the Uribe government." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/4516.
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The aim of this dissertation is to analyse the use of narratives informed by the discourse of human security in the context of the Colombian conflict during the government of President Alvaro Uribe Velez (2002-2010). Its main contribution is to map the transformation of these narratives from the site of their formulation in the international institutions to the site of their appropriation into domestic settings; and then consider their role in the formation of the actors' strategies and the construction of the subjectivities of the individuals affected by the conflict dynamics. The research proceeds to this analysis through an investigation of the policies for the internally displaced and those relating to the rights of the victims informed by the framework of transitional justice. It shows that, with a combination of narratives of empowerment and reconciliation, they fulfill complementary roles in the construction of the subjectivities of individuals affected by the conflict in Colombia. The dissertation also concludes that the flexibility of the human security discourse allowed the Uribe government to reinforce its position.
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Siegenbeek, van Heukelom Timothy Christiaan. "Food as Security: The controversy of foreign agricultural investment in the Yala Swamp, Kenya." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/9332.
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This thesis explores the security implications of a wave of large-scale land acquisitions in developing countries led by foreign investors – generally known as the ‘global land grab’ – which came about in the aftermath of the 2008 Global Food Price Crisis. This ‘land grab’ phenomenon poses some fundamental questions about the state of the world food system and the role of emerging non-traditional challenges and threats to our future food security. At the same time, the security studies perspective that underlies the approach taken in this thesis has a rather uncomfortable association with the study’s main subject matter of ‘food security’. As a result, empirical enquiries into the phenomenon of land grabs need to be pre-empted by a solid theoretical foundation to elucidate the multifaceted relationship between food and security. This necessitates a thorough assessment of food as a matter of security; asking how our understanding of ‘food’ changes when we approach it as a security question. This thesis therefore sets out to achieve two objectives: 1) to bring the subject of ‘food’ into the security realm, and 2) to utilise a contextualised case study to critically assess the human security implications of a ‘land grab’. At the same time, however, a more holistic argument runs throughout the work, propounding the notion that there may be no technical solution to the world food problem. The idea is put forward that the natural sciences are perhaps not capable of single-handedly safeguarding our future food security. To be more precise, the solution to the world food problem may need to emanate from a radically changed human vision; one to inspire new values, ideas, morality, and above all, a change in behaviour.
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Duncanson, Claire. "Forces for good? : British military masculinities on peace support operations." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/2752.
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This thesis is situated at the intersection of Feminist International Relations, Critical Security Studies and Gender Studies. It takes as its starting point – and offers a challenge to – the feminist contention that soldiers cannot be peacekeepers due to hegemonic constructions of military masculinity associated with the skills and practices of combat. It problematises this assumption by investigating whether involvement in the practices of conflict resolution on Peace Support Operations (PSOs) influences the construction of military masculinities. The thesis also questions the rather monolithic accounts of masculinity which are found in feminist arguments that peacekeeping soldiers reinforce neo-imperial oppression, and argues that such critiques neglect the potentially more progressive aspects of employing soldiers as peacekeepers. Using the British Army as a case study to explore these conceptual issues, the thesis utilises a novel methodological approach derived from R W Connell’s framework of gender relations and social constructivist discourse theory. It analyses both official and unofficial sources of British Army discourse on PSOs, including military doctrine, recruitment material and autobiography, and finds evidence to suggest that ‘peacekeeper masculinity’ offers a challenge, albeit incomplete, to the hegemonic masculinity associated with combat. The thesis argues that, despite the limited nature of this challenge, peacekeeper masculinity represents an important development because the privileging of conflict resolution practices it embodies involves disruptions to traditional gendered dichotomies and the construction of ‘regendered soldiers,’ with important implications for both international peace and security and gender relations. Finding conflict resolution practices such as negotiating and building consent, moderating the use of force and humanitarian activities manly rather than emasculating is crucial if soldiers are to take PSOs as seriously as they do war. Moreover, associating masculinity with practices that require building relations of sensitivity, mutual respect and empathy has implications beyond the success of PSOs. Such associations not only challenge current models of hegemonic masculinity in the military, but – through replacing relations of dominance with more democratic relations – challenge the entire hierarchical structure of gender relations in western culture and language. As such, in exploring the concept of regendered soldiers, this thesis contributes significantly to theories of change in gender relations as well as to feminist International Relations scholarship on military masculinities, peacekeeping and security.
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Jerlström, Molly. "At War with an Invisible Enemy : A Critical Feminist Analysis of the Covid-19 Pandemic Narrative." Thesis, Försvarshögskolan, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-9668.
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This thesis aims to investigate the narrative created around the covid-19 virus as a security threat during the first months of the pandemic. Speeches made by three political leaders, namely Emmanuel Macron, Boris Johnson and Angela Merkel, held in March 2020 are analysed in depth using a feminist narrative framework. The overall purpose is to investigate how a gendered reading of the portrayal of the covid-19 pandemic as a security threat can contribute to the already existing feminist research on how gender is both part of, and affected by, the construction of security narratives. The research questions concern whether the pandemic was militarised by political leaders, and if so, how this is done through the construction of the narrative. Furthermore, it is investigated how masculinity and femininity come to expression within the narrative of covid-19 as a security threat, and how this differs from the gendered hierarchies in relation to “traditional” security threats already outlined in previous feminist research on security. The result of the analysis shows that the pandemic is clearly being militarised. Traditional gender constructions are however altered, for example when feminine roles are assigned to groups traditionally not perceived as feminine. The result shows the flexibility of gender roles, but also the need to sustain a division between some groups as feminine and some groups as masculine. The very existence of hierarchies is seemingly more important than which physical bodies take place within that hierarchy.
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Martin, Fred E. Jr. "Technologies of Sovereign Power? Private Military Corporations, Drones, and Lethal Autonomous Robots - A Critical Security Studies Perspective." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1428937559.
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De, Vos Johannes Nicolaas. "A security community in Africa : a critical assessment of the African Union’s contribution towards the construction of a potential security community since 2002." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20159.
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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis seeks to provide a critical discussion of the contributions of the African
Union towards the potential development of an African security community since its
inception in 2002. Utilising Security Community Theory, and the framework for the
study of security communities developed by Adler & Barnett (1998) it commences
with an interrogation of the AU. This interrogation is arranged along the three tiers of
the framework.
The first tier is the precipitating conditions, which cause states to orient themselves
in each other’s direction and desire to coordinate their relations. The second tier
investigates the factors conducive to the development of mutual trust and collective
identity. The third, and final, tier identifies the necessary conditions of dependable
expectations of peaceful change.
The study goes on and introduces three African case studies, which illustrate the
contributions of the African Union towards the potential development of an African
security community. The case studies are the African Union mission in Burundi, the
African Union mission in Sudan, and the recent intervention of the African Union in
the post-election crisis in Côte d'Ivoire. All three case studies were able to provide
ample evidence to illustrate the AU’s contributions.
The study concludes with two major findings. Firstly, this study is able to illustrate
that the AU has made significant contributions towards the development of peace
and security in Africa. Secondly, that the AU has made significant contributions at all
three tiers of the framework, and therefore major contributions to the potential
development of an African security community. However, the AU is still in its
embryonic phase, and any prediction concerning the existence, or potential
existence of an African security community would be premature. Even though there are ostensibly, positive developments in the area of continental
peace and security this study is able to illustrate several remaining challenges to
further contributions by the AU. The first is a lack of resources. The AU is heavily
dependent on the contributions of its member states, and a number of members
persistently fail to meet their contributions to the organization. A second challenge is
the loosely defined relationship with the UN (and other external partners). It is crucial that a constructive relationship be established, if not, differences might antagonise
the two organisations and negatively affect any future contributions of the AU
towards the development of an African security community. Finally, the role of core
states, most notably regional hegemons such as South Africa and Nigeria will remain
important for stabilizing and encouraging the further development of an African
security community.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie tesis poog om n kritiese bespreking te bied van die bydra wat die Afrika Unie
na die potensiele ontwikkeling van n Afrika sekuriteits gemeenskap gemaak het
sedert sy intrede in 2002. Deur gebruik te maak van Sekuriteits Gemeeenskap
Teorie, en die raamwerk vir die studie van sekuriteits gemeenskappe deur Adler &
Barnett (1998) begin die studie met n direkte ondersoek van die AU. Hierdie
ondersoek vind plaas volgens die drie vlakke van die raamwerk.
Die eerste vlak is die kondisies wat veroorsaak dat state hulself na mekaar orienteer,
en n wil ontwikkel om hulle sake te koordineer. Die tweede vlak ondersoek die
faktore vir die ontwikkeling van wedersydse vertroue en gesamentlike identiteit. Die
derde, en finale, vlak identifiseer die nodige kondisies van afhanklike verwagtinge vir
vreedsame verandering.
Die studie gaan voort met drie Afrika geval studies, wat die bydra van die AU na die
potensiele ontwikkeling van n Afrika sekuriteits gemeenskap illustreer. Die geval
studies sluit in die Afrika missie in Burundi, die Afrika missie in Sudan, en die
onlangse intervensie deur die AU in die na-eleksie krisis in Côte d'Ivoire. Al drie
geval studies verskaf wye getuienis wat die bydra van die AU illustreer.
Die studie sluit af met twee hoof bevindings. Eerstens, kon hierdie studie illustreer
dat die AU betekenisvolle bydraes na die ontwikkeling van vrede en sekuriteit in
Afrika gemaak het. Tweedens, dat die AU betekenisvolle bydraes op al drie vlakke
van die raamwerk gemaak het, en daarom ook mondige bydraes tot die potensiele
ontwikkeling van n Afrika sekuriteits gemeenskap gemaak het. Nogtans, is die AU
self nog in n onvolwasse stadium, en enige voorspelling in verband met die bestaan,
of oor die potensiele bestaan van n Afrika sekuriteits gemeenskap is voortydig. Al is daar opmerkilike positiewe ontwikkelinge in die area van kontinentale vrede en
sekuriteit, kan hierdie studie steeds verskeie uitdagings identifiseer wat verdere
bydraes deur die AU kan hinder. Die eerste uitdaging is n tekort aan bevondsing. Die
AU is hoogs afhanklik op die bydrae van sy lidmaat state, maar n paar lede mis
aanhoudend hulle bydraes tot die orginasasie. n Tweede uitdaging is die
ongedefineerde verhouding tussen die AU en die VN (en ander eksterne vennote).
Dit is belangrik dat n konstruktiewe verhouding in werk gestel word, indien nie, kan verskille die twee organisasies van mekaar dryf en enige toekomstige bydraes van
die AU na die potensiele ontwikkeling van n Afrika sekuriteits kompleks negatief
beinvloed. Laastens, sal die rol van kern state, mees aanmerklik streek leiers soos
Suid Afrika en Nigerie, belangrik bly om die sekuriteits kompleks te stabiliseer en
verdere ontwikkeling in die toekoms te bevorder.
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Sandor, Adam. "Assemblages of Intervention: Politics, Security, and Drug Trafficking in West Africa." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/34259.
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International actors from International Organizations, Western States, Think tanks, risk management consultancies, NGOs, and private security companies understand borderless threats like clandestine migration, drug trafficking, and international terrorism to emanate from ‘ungoverned spaces’ in the Global South. The Sahelian sub-region of West Africa has taken a prominent place in global discourses of insecurity and borderless threats. These non-traditional security concerns have been translated into an expanding array of transnational governance initiatives that bring together the activities and practices of a wide range of state and non-state, global and local, and public and private actors in efforts to deal with the challenges that borderless threats are assumed to present. This dissertation argues that attempts to govern drug trafficking in the Sahel are producing global assemblages of security intervention: shifting, multi-scalar, institutional orders that reorient and reconfigure the security practices, knowledges, mentalities, technologies, and priorities of multiple sets of governance actors across disparate jurisdictional spaces. The effects of the transnationalized security governance and capacity-building initiatives that unfold in simultaneous, connected spaces of intervention amplify and alter positions of social power and prominence in local fields of conflict. Through the practices and projects of global security experts and capacity-builders in the Sahel, new forms of international capital are introduced and become realized in local settings that intensify rivalries between local, national, and regional security institutions over the question of the recognition of their authority over security matters. In their relationships with international capacity-builders and other global actors, sets of local recipients of security governance interventions practice forms of extraversion whereby their structural positions of dependence and differentials of power and resources are leveraged to accumulate forms of international capital that they then use to dominate the fields of power in which they are embedded. The dissertation examines three components of the assemblages of security intervention in West Africa: the effects of the transnational field of capacity- building in the Sahelian interior; the establishment and operation of the UNODC Airport Communications drug interdiction project (AIRCOP) at Dakar’s International Airport, and the joint UNODC/World Customs Organization Container Control Programme operating at the port of Dakar. It advances new empirical material from these case studies, and makes contributions to debates in three sub-fields of International Relations: critical security studies, global governance, and international statebuilding.
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Sterner, Desirée. "I’ll make a man out of you : A critical discourse analysis of the portrayal of gender roles in the women, peace and security agenda." Thesis, Försvarshögskolan, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-7088.
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This thesis examines the portrayal of men and boys within the women, peace and security agenda, and in particular the United Nations Security Council’s (UNSC) security discourse on this theme. The relationship between the portrayal of victims and perpetrators, and the portrayal of men and boys are analysed and discussed based on the three-dimensional framework for Critical Discourse Analysis by Norman Fairclough. Through the theoretical framework of Martha Finnemore and Kathryn Sikkink on norm theory, this thesis furthers the understanding of the evolution of how men and boys are portrayed within the women, peace and security agenda. The results of this thesis are that the portrayal of victims often does not correspond with the portrayal of men and boys, while the portrayal of perpetrators often does correspond to the portrayal of men and boys. The study also shows that the portrayal of men and boys as the perpetrators as well as leaders in society has reached the third stage of the norm cycle by Finnemore and Sikkink; internalisation, and that the portrayal of men and boys as victims as partners to the female leaders in society has reached only reached the first stage of the norm cycle: norm emergence.
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Alghunaim, Ghadah. "Conflict between Saudi Arabia and Iran: An Examination of Critical Factors Inhibiting their Positive Roles in the Middle East." NSUWorks, 2014. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/shss_dcar_etd/19.
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Since 1979, Saudi-Iranian relations have been tense due to their position as superior powers in the Middle East. Both countries have different values and perspectives in regards to diplomatic relations with the West. As a consequence of the new developments in Iran's foreign policy and the newfound openness to the West adopted by President Rouhani, the topic has proven to be of research interest. The primary concern of this research was to explore the effect of the conflict between Saudi Arabia and Iran in the Middle East, and whether or not there is a possibility to overcome this conflict using the new political developments. For this purpose, a content analysis methodology was employed.
Through an analysis of data presented in the literature review, which consisted of scholarly articles, policy briefs, and books, this dissertation examines the complex political relations through which the pattern of the bilateral relations explain the conflicting narratives. This complexity is present in the political actions taken by Iran and Saudi Arabia, as well as the domestic and foreign policies they are embracing. The findings of this study demonstrate the effect of this conflict in the Middle East. The research also proposes a number of possible recommendations on how to resolve this conflict through political openness and reciprocal agreements that target the citizens of Iran and Saudi Arabia.
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Kirkpatrick, Erika Marie. "Photography, the State, and War: Mapping the Contemporary War Photography Landscape." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35723.
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This dissertation explores the ways in which media, visuality, and politics intersect through an analysis of contemporary war photography. In so doing, it seeks to uncover how war photography as a social practice works to produce, perform and construct the State. Furthermore, it argues that this productive and performative power works to constrain the conditions of possibility for geopolitics. The central argument of this project is that contemporary war photography reifies a view of the international in which the liberal, democratic West is pitted against the barbaric Islamic world in a ‘civilizational’ struggle. This project’s key contribution to knowledge rests in its unique and rigorous research methodology (Visual Discourse Analysis) – mixing as it does inspiration from both quantitative and qualitative approaches to scholarship. Empirically, the dissertation rests on the detailed analysis of over 1900 war images collected from 30 different media sources published between the years 2000-2013.
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Gorman, Fitzalan Crowe. "Non-State Actors, Terrorism and the United Nations: A Critical Analysis through Three Case Studies Examining the United Nations'Effectiveness in Addressing the Threat Imposed by Violent Non-State Actors." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31797.
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The purpose of this study is to determine if the United Nations is structured in a manner that allows for it to effectively protect its principles while meeting the challenges emerging from the increasing number of security threats carried out by violent non-state actors.
The United Nations, through the strategies of collective security and sovereign equality, aspires to have its member states prevent war through the peaceful settlement of disputes. This thesis argues that, by examining the legal norms that govern the methods in which member states are authorized to use force, the foundation and principles of the United Nations are to promote collective security through the avoidance of war.
The United Nationsâ Charter only outlines a method for how sovereign states are to handle disputes with other states. The Charter fails to establish an effective method for states to respond to violence that originates from a non-state source. States therefore have elected to respond to aggression by non-state actors in terms that are not in accordance with the United Nationsâ Charter.
This thesis therefore argues that any member state that chooses to use force against another state, specifically due to that state being the perceived origin of violent non-state aggression, without the approval of the United Nations Security Council, is doing so illegally and undermining the integrity of the organization. Since the United Nationsâ Charter fails to make provisions for the use of force against violence by non-state on state actors, it would seem wise for the United Nations to update its Charter to reflect a more efficient method for states to respond to non-state aggression. Unless the United Nations modernizes to respond to this tactic and outlines a strict method for states to respond to these situations, the United Nations will grow increasingly irrelevant.
The thesis is organized into four main parts.
The introduction describes the legal foundation of the United Nations and argues that its integrity is based upon the concept of collective security. This examination will explore the historical growth of collective security through the successes and failures of organizations who have previously employed its principles. This section will go into detail on the main principles of the United Nations Charter, specifically when the use of force is permissible by the organization.
The first chapter offers a historical examination into the growth of non-state actors and the terrorist tactics they have employed. Terrorism is a tactic that aspires to disrupt society through the threat or usage of violence. This tactic typically uses or threatens to use violence in an attempt to gain footage in political, economic, religious or social issues. This analysis will offer evidence into the effectiveness of this tactic for inflicting civilian casualties and disrupting the peace of states.
The second chapter is an analysis of how the United Nations has evolved to address the global growth of terrorism. This analysis will be supported by the legal documentation that the United Nations has passed to address terrorism. The main method in which the United Nations has employed to suppress terrorism is sanctions. This section will detail cases where the United Nations has used economic sanctions as a method to punish states that support terrorism.
The third chapter of this thesis will offer an in-depth analysis of instances where, despite structures that the United Nations has in place to suppress terrorism, member states have determined that their state is not adequately protected from terrorism. In turn, these states have used force against another sovereign state without a Security Council mandate. By doing this, the member states have violated United Nations articles governing the use of force and the notion of collective security.
The final section of this thesis will offer recommendations on necessary changes to the United Nations Charter regarding the use of force against violence by non-state on state actors. More efficient legal framework is necessary in the United Nations Charter to allow for states to capably and legally respond to the growth of terrorism.
This thesis demonstrates that the current structure of the United Nations is incapable of controlling or responding to violent non-state actors. Additionally, with the mounting number of occurrences where a member state elects to use force against another sovereign state in response to terrorism, the core principles and purpose of the United Nations are becoming moot. This thesis will conclude by exploring possible reform within the United Nations by allowing for member states to legally and effectively respond to the terrorist activities of violent non-state actors. This reform would be achieved by outlining legal action allowed by a state when attacked or threatened with an attack by a non-state actor.<br>Master of Arts
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Nissander, Sam. "Pushing the Border Outwards : A Critical Discourse Analysis of the European Commission’s Securitisation of Migration and the Right to Asylum." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-443545.
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This thesis scrutinises the European Commission’s discourse surrounding the externalisation of migration and asylum policies and discusses what potential implications this may have on the right to asylum. The aim of this work is to increase the understanding of how migration and security are discursively connected and identify what this discourse looks like. The study is placed in the context of a scientific debate on the Securitisation of migration and the externalisation of migration management. By means of a Critical Discourse Analysis, based on the work of Norman Fairclough, speeches and press releases produced by the European Commission are analysed. The analysis departs from the theoretical framework of the Copenhagen School of Security Studies and the concept of Securitisation, which suggests that political narratives have direct effects on policies. The theory also argues that when a phenomenon is securitised, policy measures that would otherwise not be acceptable, become legitimised in dealing with a constructed threat. The thesis presents three findings. The first main finding is that the Commission legitimises the externalisation of EU borders through a humanitarian discourse, arguing that the increased restrictions and shifting of responsibilities to third countries are necessary to protect migrants from human smugglers. Second, the current EU agenda risks limiting mobility in countries outside of the EU, thus creating large camps with substandard living conditions. And finally, from a human rights perspective, there is a great risk with the continued collective expulsions and pushbacks from EU territory, given that the mandate of Frontex is only seen to increase.
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Garneau, Brianna. "Constructing Citizenship Through National Security: An Analysis of Bill C-24 - Strengthening Canadian Citizenship Act and Bill C-51 - Anti-Terrorism Act." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/38557.
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The colonial formation and imagination of the Canadian nation and its citizenry has historically been rooted in processes of racial inclusion and exclusion. This thesis considers the ways in which the historical exclusionary process of citizenship manifests within today’s “War on Terror” through the language of national security. The analysis focuses on the discourses of two former Conservative bills: Bill C-24 – Strengthening the Canadian Citizenship Act and Bill C-51 – Anti-terrorism Act. Mobilized through a critical race perspective, my thesis documents first, the narratives that are told, and second, the discursive strategies that are used, to construct those deserving and undeserving of inclusion. My findings demonstrate that the ideal nation and its ideal citizens, who are deserving of inclusion within the nation, are fundamentally constructed in Whiteness. Meanwhile, the threatening ‘Other’, who is to be excluded and expelled from the nation, is imagined as a racialized Muslim, Arab and brown terrorist in the “War on Terror”. By examining their respective parliamentary debates, my research reveals how the political discourses utilized in both bills uphold the racial exclusionary mechanisms of citizenship. As such, my research speaks to the evolving relationship between citizenship, national security, surveillance, and securitization by demonstrating how citizenship is used as a tool within the broader security regime of the state to fight the “War on Terror”.
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Azevedo, Thalia Lacerda de. "A Escola Galesa de Estudos Críticos de Segurança: segurança como emancipação." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2009. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/17461.
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Previous issue date: 2009-06-29<br>The Critical Studies of Security appeared like counterpoint to the outline
conceptual of the traditional studies of security, with the intention of proposing a new
ontology and epistemology of the security and pointing to the necessity of the object of the
security being re-defined, as well as to promote a bigger reflection about like the threats and
to answers to those they are created. It is through these discussions about a critical approach
of the security guard that there stands out the Welsh School of Critical Studies of Security and
his principal authors, Ken Booth and Richard Wyn Jones. The project of studies of security of
these authors will be going to re-define the security like equivalent to the emancipation of the
individual of the structural cables what are prevented them from affirming freely inside his
communities, retaking for that the concepts of emancipation, technology and enlightenment
debated in the School of Frankfurt. Besides proposing a reconceptualização to the concept of
security, Booth and Wyn Jones will be going to retake the strategic studies showing like these
they influenced the intellectual rigidity of the discipline<br>Os Estudos Críticos de Segurança surgiram como contraponto ao arcabouço
conceitual dos estudos tradicionais de segurança, com o intuito de propor uma nova ontologia
e epistemologia da segurança e apontando para a necessidade de se redefinir o objeto da
segurança, bem como fomentar uma maior reflexão acerca de como as ameaças e a respostas
a essas são criadas. É por meio dessas discussões acerca de uma abordagem crítica da
segurança que se destaca a Escola Galesa de Estudos Críticos de Segurança e seus principais
autores, Ken Booth e Richard Wyn Jones. O projeto de estudos de segurança desses autores
irá redefinir a segurança como equivalente à emancipação do indivíduo das amarras
estruturais que os impedem de se afirmarem livremente dentro de suas comunidades,
retomando para isso os conceitos de emancipação, tecnologia e iluminismo debatidos na
Escola de Frankfurt. Booth e Wyn Jones além de proporem uma reconceptualização ao
conceito de segurança, irão retomar os estudos estratégicos mostrando como estes
influenciaram na rigidez intelectual da disciplina
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Campos, Rodrigo Duque Estrada. "Do político à segurança e de volta outra vez : Carl Schmitt nos estudos críticos de segurança /." São Paulo, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/150448.
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Orientador: Paulo José dos Reis Pereira<br>Banca: Reginaldo Mattar Nasser<br>Banca: Cícero Romão Resende de Araújo<br>O Programa de Pós-Graduação em Relações Internacionais é instituído em parceria com a Unesp/Unicamp/PUC-SP, em projeto subsidiado pela CAPES, intitulado "Programa San Tiago Dantas"<br>Resumo: A dissertação analisa o processo de recepção de Carl Schmitt nos Estudos Críticos de Segurança. Com base na discussão metodológica da história das ideias, problematizamos a bifurcação típica entre textualismo e contextualismo como princípios unívocos de interpretação do significado dos textos. Relevante para nossa análise não é identificar apenas o que o controverso jurista alemão realmente quis dizer em seus textos, mas o fato de que o significado de sua obra está também condicionado ao uso que se faz dela, e do que se pode fazê-la "falar" com base na recepção do pensamento de Schmitt. Quais os usos de Carl Schmitt nos Estudos Críticos de Segurança e que estruturas de pressuposições e interesses condicionam a leitura do pensador na área? Para responder tal pergunta, o primeiro capítulo oferece uma breve introdução ao pensamento de Schmitt, com especial atenção ao seu 'pensamento internacional'. O segundo capítulo analisa a primeira via de recepção de Schmitt nos Estudos Críticos de Segurança, onde se construiu uma hermenêutica negativa no âmbito dos debates sobre a teoria da securitização e a necessidade normativa de se afastar da "lógica schmitteana" da segurança; o terceiro capítulo analisa a segunda via de recepção de Schmitt, que envolve críticas a uma concepção universal e intrínseca da segurança. Para os autores desta linha interpretativa, a crítica ao arcabouço teórico de Schmitt sobre o decisionismo soberano e o conceito do político permitiria deslocar a gramática fi... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)<br>Abstract: This dissertation thesis analyses the process of intellectual reception of Carl Schmitt in Critical Security Studies. Drawing upon the methodological discussion on the history of ideas, we question the typical bifurcation between textualism and contextualism as univocal principles of interpretation of the meaning of texts. Relevant to our analysis is not only to identify what the controversial German jurist really meant to say in his texts, but that its meaning is also conditioned by the use that is made out of it, of what one can make Schmitt "say" concerning the reception of his thought. What have been the uses of Carl Schmitt in Critical Security Studies and what structure of presuppositions and interests condition the social reading of the thinker in the area? To answer such questions, the first chapter offers a brief introduction to Schmitt's thought, with a special attention to his "international" thinking. The second chapter analyses the first reception venue of Schmitt in Critical Security Studies, where it developed a negative hermeneutics in the debates about securitization theory and the normative need to depart from the 'Schmittean logic' of security; the second chapter analyses the second reception venue, which involves the critique to a universal and intrinsic concept of security. To the authors of this line of interpretation, the critique of Schmitt's theoretical framework on sovereign decisionism and the concept of the political would allow to shift the fixed grammar of security towards a more progressive and emancipative terms; the last chapter analyses the individual appropriation of Schmitt by Andreas Behnke, who developed the last reception venue until the present moment. Escaping the negative hermeneutics, Behnke builds a new Schmittean analytical framework for security, which expands on Schmitt's ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)<br>Mestre
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Lewis, Olivier Rémy Tristan David. "Explaining military, law enforcement and intelligence cooperation between Western states." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/16419.
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This thesis answers the question “Why does security cooperation occur between Western states?”. The basic answer is: “Because most state actors do not want their states to integrate”. In other words, cooperation occurs as a coping mechanism, as an imperfect substitute for integration. But the thesis does not only investigate the reasons for cooperation, what Aristotle called the final cause. The thesis also examines the material, formal and efficient causes of cooperation. Such an unorthodox causal explanation of cooperation is based on a Critical Realist philosophy of social science. The application of this philosophy to the empirical study of International Relation is rare, making this thesis original. Beyond the philosophy of social science, the thesis' research design, many of the cases, and much of the data are also rarely used. The research design is an embedded multiple-case study. The states studied are the United States of America, France and Luxembourg. Within each state, the embedded subcases are three types of state security organisations: the armed forces, law enforcement and intelligence agencies. Rarely have these three types of security organisations been compared. Similarly, Luxembourg is seldom studied. Comparing different types of states and different types of state security organisations has not only allowed the main research question to be answered. It has also allowed temporal, spatial, national, and functional variation in cooperation to be identified and theorised. The empirical evidence studied includes participant observation (at the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation) and documents (e.g. state policy documents, annual reports by organisations, reports by parliaments and non-governmental organisations, autobiographies, books by investigative journalists, articles by newspapers and magazines). The thesis is also based on a score of elite interviews (e.g. with ambassadors, diplomatic liaisons, ministerial advisors, foreign ministry officers, military commanders, etc.), and the careful study of both declassified and classified archival records.
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Sallinen, Margarita. "Weaponized malware, physical damage, zero casualties – what informal norms are emerging in targeted state sponsored cyber-attacks? : The dynamics beyond causation: an interpretivist-constructivist analysis of the US media discourse regarding offensive cyber operations and cyber weapons between 2010 and 2020." Thesis, Försvarshögskolan, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-9722.
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In 2010, the discovery of the malicious computer worm Stuxnet shocked the world by its sophistication and unpredictability. Stuxnet was deemed as the world’s first cyber weapon and started discussions concerning offensive cyber operations – often called “cyber warfare” – globally. Due to Stuxnet, rapid digitalisation and evolving technology, it became vital for decision makers in the US to consider formal norms such as laws, agreements, and policy decisions regarding cyber security. Yet, to obtain a holistic understanding of cyber security, this thesis uses constructivism as its theoretical framework to understand changing informal norms and social factors including the ideas and morals of the US society regarding offensive cyber operations. This thesis critically analyses the discourse of three of the largest US newspapers by circulation: the New York Times, the Washington Post and The Wall Street Journal. A significant shift was discovered in the US media’s publications and in informal norms regarding offensive cyber operations and the use of cyber weapons in just one decade, by comparing the discourses relating to Stuxnet in 2010 and the US presidential election in 2020. This thesis concludes that it is equally important to consider ideas and morals when researching a technical field such as cyber security by arguing that informal norms guide the choices actors make when developing formal norms at the international level. The findings of this thesis are intended to provoke a normative, urgent, and focused discussion about cyber security. The findings are also intended to shift attention to how language is used in discussions about the cyber sphere, offensive cyber operations and cyber weapons as components of the traditional battlefield.
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LaChine, John. ""Coming soon to a neighborhood near you...": The very real effects and great human costs of fake news : A critical discourse analysis of Breitbart News Network's representation of Muslim and Syrian refugees in the weeks leading up to the 2016 presidential election." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-323416.
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The purpose of this thesis is to analyze how a Breitbart News Network text represented Muslim and Syrian refugees in the weeks leading up to the 2016 United States presidential election. Using a methodological framework based on Norman Fairclough's Critical Discourse Analysis, the analysis seeks to reveal the linguistic semiotic choices made by the text producer in the representation of Muslim and Syrian refugees and to explain how these semiotic choices were used to achieve their effect. By revealing these linguistic semiotic choices, the beliefs, attitudes, and ideologies that are present in the text─ but not necessarily easily seen─ can be brought out into the open. Once out in the open, they can be critically questioned, contested, and they can be examined to find out how their beliefs, attitudes, and ideologies can be understood to have destructive consequences on the audience and the groups of people they represent.
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Auffret, Yves. "Relations internationales et cyberespace, théories et acteurs asymétriques : étude pragmatique de la sécurité de l'information par l'analyse de discours." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN1G018.
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Partant du phénomène de la prolifération du « cyberespace » et de l’ensemble des termes qui en sont dérivés, cette thèse interroge la prise en considération de la sécurité de l'information et de son influence sur les Relations Internationales. Afin de répondre à cette question, cette recherche croise la combinaison pragmatique conduite par les problèmes avec une analyse de discours mobilisant plusieurs approches méthodologiques, notamment la logométrie et les communautés épistémiques. Parmi ses principaux résultats, cette thèse déconstruit les récits qui entourent le cyberespace de ses origines littéraires à son réemploi dans l’administration. Elle quantifie un accroissement de sa diffusion pour définir un ensemble de préoccupations liées à la sécurité de l’information. Après l’analyse de discours sous l’angle des études critiques de sécurité combinée à l’étude de ses réceptions dans les Théories des Relations Internationales, la thèse propose de comprendre la sécurité de l’information notamment sous l’angle des théories cyberpolitiques de Nazli Choucri et de la théorie de l’acteur-réseau<br>Based on the phenomenon of the proliferation of "cyberspace" and all the terms derived from it, this thesis questions the consideration of the security of information and its influence on International Relations. To answer this question, this research combines problem-driven pragmatism with a discourse analysis involving several methodological approaches, including logometry and epistemic communities. Among its main results, this thesis deconstructs the narratives that surround cyberspace from its literary origins to its re-employment in administration. It quantifies an increase in its dissemination to define a set of information security concerns. After the analysis of discourse from the angle of Critical Securites Studies combined with the study of its receptions in the Theories of International Relations, the thesis proposes to understand the security of information especially from the angle of the Nazli Choucri’s cyberpolitics theories and the actor-network theory
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Otterheim, Anna. "Politics for energy security or a geopolitical struggle for power? : A thematic text analysis of EU policy making of critical metals for renewable energy." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tema Miljöförändring, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-151960.
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This thesis analyses EU policy making on critical metals for renewable energy technologies, with a focus on Rare Earth Elements (REEs) and cobalt. A thematic text analysis on EU documents published between 2010-2018 was conducted to identify themes and patterns in the EU debate and policy-making. The results showed that the EU has a clear objective to secure access to critical metals, to reduce import dependency and increase competitiveness on the market for critical metals. The key strategies to secure access to metals are to increase primary supply by increased domestic mining and by investing in countries with large reserves of critical metals; to improve recycling rates of these metals; to find substitution metals to replace the critical ones; and to focus on resource diplomacy. Environmental and social risks from an increased demand for REEs and cobalt gain little attention in the studied documents. Geopolitical risks are concluded as linked to the dependency on import from a few producing countries, China for REEs and DR Congo for cobalt, and are mainly focused on risks affecting the EU access to the metals. The struggle over resources and related geopolitical interactions are concluded to be affected by historical and existing global power structures. Further, the thesis concludes that EU resource diplomacy aims at facilitating for the EU to remain a powerful and competitive actor on the global market for trade of critical metal.
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Ölfvingsson, Petter. "A new course or simply discourse? : The security discourse strategies of Felipe Calderón Hinojosa and Enrique Peña Nieto in the Mexican war on drugs." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Latinamerikainstitutet, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-138921.
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Since the beginning of the Mexican war on drugs in late 2006, violence has increased dramatically. By examining six presidential speeches from different years and with an analysis grounded in the work of Norman Fairclough and his Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), this thesis analyses the security discourse strategies used by the two Mexican Presidents Felipe Calderón Hinojosa and Enrique Peña Nieto. By studying the parts where they talk about insecurity and organized crime, the study aims to reveal the strategies used and thus contribute not only to more understanding of the Mexican war on drugs but also to a broader discussion of how political discourse can be used in violent contexts. By applying CDA both as theory and method, this thesis concludes that the security discourse used by Calderón differs much from that of his successor, Peña Nieto. Calderón, for example, uses more metaphors and discursive tactics against organized crime. This study also concludes that there are both similarities and differences between the security strategies of the two.
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Lee, Koo Katrina. "Reform and resistance : critical approaches to security and security studies." Phd thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/148648.
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Kuo, Hui-shun, and 郭懷舜. "“The Welsh School” of Critical Security Studies." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/mmg9su.
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碩士<br>國立中山大學<br>政治學研究所<br>95<br>Since the initial stages of 1980s, the global world faced the huge shift. Many security scholars try to challenge and review the mainstream security studies that derived from a combination of Anglo-American, statist, militarized, masculinized, methodologically positivist, and philosophically realist thinking. “The Welsh School” of Critical Security Studies is one of the most important approach. The Welsh School thinks about security as developing in the light of the Frankfurt School, and brings the tradition of “critical”, “epistemology position”, and “emancipation” to the security studies. The Welsh School separate the core of critical security studies(CSS) into three concepts: security, emancipation, and community, therefore, this study try to explain and review these concepts.
Firstly, CSS tried to “deepen” the concepts of “security”, deconstruct statism and bring the referent to individual, and then “broaden” the agenda of security to discuss the traditional and non-traditional issues in the globalization world. Secondly, CSS emphasize the relationship of theory and practice, and expect to achieve their goal-“emancipatory politics”. Via the construction of emancipatory community, people could released from contingent and structural oppressions, and create a free and equal environment.
Despite the states still the major referent in international institution and security environment, and the main concept of The Welsh School still not practice in contemporary politics, but the first task of CSS is to bring a revision of the world, and then create a comprehensive and humanity security thinking.
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Bilgic, A., M. Dhami, and Dilek Onkal. "Toward a pedagogy for critical security studies: politics of migration in the classroom." 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/13520.
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Yes<br>International Relations (IR) has increasingly paid attention to critical pedagogy. Feminist, post-colonial and poststructuralist IR scholarship, in particular, have long been advancing the discus-sions about how to create a pluralist and democratic classroom where ‘the others’ of politics can be heard by the students, who can critically reflect upon complex power relations in global politics. Despite its normative position, Critical Security Studies (CSS) has so far refrained from join-ing this pedagogical conversation. Deriving from the literatures of postcolonial and feminist pedagogical practices, it is argued that an IR scholar in the area of CSS can contribute to the pro-duction of a critical political subject in the 'uncomfortable classroom', who reflects on violent practices of security. Three pedagogical methods will be introduced: engaging with the students’ lifeworlds, revealing the positionality of security knowledge claims, and opening up the class-room to the choices about how the youth’s agency can be performed beyond the classroom. The argument is illustrated through the case of forced migration with specific reference to IR and Pol-itics students’ perceptions of Syrian refugees in Turkey. The article advances the discussions in critical IR pedagogy and encourages CSS scholarship to focus on teaching in accordance with its normative position.<br>The research was partly supported by HM Government funding to MK Dhami.<br>The full-text of this article will be released for public view at the end of the publisher embargo on 27 Feb 2020.
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Stępka, Maciej. "Migration and security in the European Union. A critical analysis of security discourses and narratives." Doctoral thesis, 2019. https://depotuw.ceon.pl/handle/item/3247.
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The main aim of this dissertation is to provide a deeper and broader perspective on the process of securitization of migration at the EU level by analysing how different security logics are mobilized in policy framing of the so-called “migration crisis”. For this reason, the dissertation builds on critical and constructivist approach to security, offering an interpretative take on discursive securitization. In this respect, it develops the so-called “securitization as the work of framing” approach, bridging policy framing and securitization theory to make it more sensitive to a variety of security logics, interpretations and interests that intertwine in the construction of migration as a security problem.
In order to investigate securitization of migration at the EU level and its underwriting logics, this dissertation employs a qualitative method of analysis, namely discursive-narrative approach to critical framing analysis. In this respect, it focuses on examination of the so-called frame-narrative embedded in the EU policy discourses on the “migration crisis” produced between late 2014 and the end of 2017. The material in this dissertation was collected through desk research (using primary and secondary text-driven data), as well as fieldwork (using data acquired from semi-structured expert interviews).
The analysis of empirical material indicates that in the course of policy framing of the “migration crisis” the EU has deepened and broadened the scope of practices oriented on securitization of migration. At the same time, it shows that securitization of migration at the EU level should not be treated in terms of one dominant interpretation of security, but rather as a matter of multiple logics that co-exist and intertwine at different stages of politics and policymaking. In this respect, the EU frame-narrative on the “migration crisis” can be characterised as security-driven, non-linear, dynamic and heavily saturated with different security logics. The analysis of the EU policy discourse revealed four security logics that have been used to frame different aspects of increased migratory flows, namely: “risk management”, “resilience”, “human security”, and “realist security”. All of these logics have reached significant levels of structuration and institutionalization within the EU policy environment, making them important part of policy framing. However one security logic has proved to be the most influential in terms of securitization of migration, namely “risk management”. The logic of risk management has been extensively used by the EU policy actors to describe the increased migratory flows and migrants, not as a direct threat, but as a potential risk to European security. This type of framing holds distinctive strategic features, indicating the need for centralization of migration policies and enhancement of cooperation within the EU internal security realm for the purposes of coordination and management of migration-related risks, so that they do not turn into existential threats. In this respect, the EU policy actors have been promoting deployment of security measures as a part of migration policies, specifically focusing on instruments of physical control of migrants and development of extensive “datavaillance” mechanisms that allow to manage and mitigate any future migration-related crises.<br>Nadrzędnym celem niniejszej pracy jest zgłębienie i poszerzenie wiedzy o praktykach sekurytyzujących migrację na poziomie UE, ze szczególnym naciskiem na analizę logik bezpieczeństwa wykorzystywanych w ramowaniu politycznym (tj. diagnozowaniu, ewaluacji i definiowaniu środków zaradczych) tzw. „kryzysu migracyjnego”. Praca opiera się na krytycznym i konstruktywistycznym podejściu do bezpieczeństwa, jednocześnie oferując bardziej interpretacyjną perspektywę na badania nad dyskursywną sekurytyzacją migracji. Na potrzeby analizy sekurytyzacyjnej, w ramach dysertacji przeprowadzona została konceptualizacja tzw. „sekurytyzacji przez ramowanie”, podejścia analitycznego opierającego się na połączeniu teorii ramowania oraz teorii dyskursywnej sekurytyzacji, (tzw. Szkoły kopenhaskiej). Takie podejście pozwala pogłębić analizę sekurytyzacyjną otwierając ją na gamę logik, podejść, i interpretacji związanych z różnymi podejściami wykorzystywanymi do intersubiektywnego konstruowania bezpieczeństwa.
Praca bazuje na jakościowej metodzie analizy materiału empirycznego, a dokładniej tzw. dyskursywno-narracyjnym podejściu do krytycznej analizy ramowej. W tym ujęciu, dysertacja skupia się na analizie tzw. ram narracyjnych (frame-narratives), osadzonych w dyskursie politycznym (policy discourse) na temat „kryzysu migracyjnego” wytworzonym przez instytucjonalnych aktorów politycznych (policy actors) na poziomie UE. Zakres analizowanego materiału dyskursywnego obejmuje lata 2014-2017, oraz wykorzystuje zarówno dane zastane jak i dane wytworzone w trakcie wywiadów eksperckich z reprezentantami badanych instytucji.
Analiza materiału empirycznego wskazuje, iż w skutek intensywnego ramowania politycznego „kryzysu migracyjnego”, Unia Europejska pogłębiła i poszerzyła swój dotychczasowy zakres praktyk sekurytyzujących migrację. W tym kontekście, dominującą ramę polityczną osadzoną w unijnym dyskursie dot. „kryzysu migracyjnego” można scharakteryzować jako nielinearną, dynamiczną, i nasyconą wieloma logikami bezpieczeństwa, wykorzystanymi w celu interpretacji, diagnozy, ewaluacji i zarządzania zwiększonymi ruchami migracyjnymi. W trakcie analizy zdefiniowano cztery wiodące logiki bezpieczeństwa, wykorzystane do ramowania politycznego „kryzysu migracyjnego”: „zarządzanie ryzykiem” (risk management), „odporność” (resilience), „bezpieczeństwo ludzkie” (human security), oraz „realistyczne podejście do bezpieczeństwa” (realist security). Wszystkie te logiki w sposób znaczny wchodziły w interakcje pomiędzy sobą, wzmacniając lub osłabiając intensywność sekurytyzacji „kryzysu migracyjnego” na poziomie UE. Materiał empiryczny jednoznacznie wskazał, iż dominującą logiką wykorzystywaną do sekurytyzacji migracji na poziomie UE jest „ryzyko”. Unijni aktorzy polityczni w sposób wyraźny zbudowali narrację ramującą wokół „kryzysu migracyjnego” konstruując dyskursywnie migrantów i ruchy migracyjne jako obiekt nie bezpośredniego zagrożenia, ale ryzyka dla bezpieczeństwa europejskiego. W tym kontekście, dyskurs unijny strategicznie ramuje kryzys w kategoriach potencjalnego niebezpieczeństwa dla UE, wskazując na potrzebę centralizacji polityk migracyjnych na poziomie europejskim oraz wzmacniania wspólnotowego wymiaru bezpieczeństwa wewnętrznego. W ten sposób promowane są polityki oraz środki bezpieczeństwa pozwalające na długoterminowej zarządzanie ruchami migracyjnymi, głównie poprzez instrumenty kontroli fizycznej nad migrantami, jak i ich inwigilację elektroniczną.
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""The Drugs Must Be Fought:" Guatemala's Drug Trade Securitization." Master's thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.9137.
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abstract: This thesis seeks to build upon the empirical use of the Copenhagen School of security studies by evaluating and investigating speech-acts in recent Guatemalan newspaper media as they relate to drug trafficking within the geopolitical borders of Guatemala, particularly induced by Los Zetas, a Mexican drug cartel. The study attempts to engage a critical theoretical framework to study securitization within the country and thereby build upon the theory by conducting real-life analysis. Using a research program that is made up of content and text analysis of national press and presidential speeches, I test several hypotheses that pertain to the processes of Guatemala's current drug trade and drug trafficking securitization. By coding securitizing speech-acts and discursive frames in the national print media, I identify the national elite, the power relations between the national elite and citizenship, and attempts to dramatize the issue of drug trade. Upon analyzing the findings of such securitization, I propose several hypotheses as to why the national elite seeks high politicization of drug trade and the implications that rest on such drastic measures. This thesis itself, then, has important implications: it uses empirical tools to help further the theoretical foundations of the Copenhagen School, it examines the process of securitization study from a real world context outside the developed world, and it presents important information on the possible consequences of securitizing drug trade.<br>Dissertation/Thesis<br>M.A. Political Science 2011
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Apóstolo, Joana Inês de Sousa Jardim e. "As políticas de segurança da União Europeia face à securitização dos fluxos migratórios." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/89870.
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Dissertação de Mestrado em Relações Internacionais - Estudos da Paz, Segurança e Desenvolvimento apresentada à Faculdade de Economia<br>This dissertation intends to study the mutations experienced by the European Union’s (EU) security policies, in the background of the institutionalized perception of the migratory fluxes as a security challenge, to which the EU must answer. The study addresses the shifts in EU’s security culture and its concrete operationalization, through the Common Security and Defense Policy’s mechanisms, within the framework of the Common Foreign and Security Policy. Thereby, the question that guides this paper is the following one: In what way has the securitisation of migration’s flows in the European Union, most visibly since the beginning of the 1990’s until today, have influenced its security policies, both at the level of the definition of its security culture, and its operational development?Aiming at answering this question, this paper primarily intends to expose the theoretical and conceptual framework applied throughout the dissertation, namely the Critical Security Theory. This framework is relevant to this dissertation, inasmuch as it promotes the expansion of the meaning of security, elevating the individual as the privileged reference object of security. Moreover, conceptually this framework draws near to the EU’s approach as a security actor. In the scope of this framework of analysis, we are also well positioned to study the development of the internal-external security nexus, which has informed EU’s security approach and its response to new threats, namely those perceived as interlinked with the rise of migratory flows. This study analyses the emergence of the EU as a security actor, highlighting its sui generis characteristics, which derive from its historical evolution, in order to better understand and explain how rising pressures associated with the growth of migratory flows have impacted EU’s security and defence policy, both at the conceptual and operational level. Realizing that these dynamics generously inform its activities for international security promotion, this paper aims at understanding how they relate with the ambitions pertaining to the externalization of the migratory question. Lastly, through two case-studies, this paper intends to demonstrate the changes experienced by EU’s security policies, as products of the securitisation processes surrounding migration. The first case study, focused on the evolution of EU’s security culture, will be carried out by analysing the handling of the migration debate by the structuring documents in the scope of the Common Foreign and Security Policy, as well as discursive interventions by relevant personalities in EU’s political framework. Lastly, the study of EUCAP Sahel Niger CSDP mission presents the changes sustained by the mission and overall by the activities under the Common Security and Defense Policy (CSDP), as the operational dimension of EU’s security policies.In conclusion, we argue that the internal-external security nexus and the EU’s sui generis nature incite dialogue between its security instruments, favouring the internationalization of its internal security – where the migration flows are inserted, after being securitized in the context of the communitarisation processes. In this context, EU’s security culture suffers palpable changes, as the prioritized control of migration flows is transposed to its external security activities developed under the CSDP framework. This tendency evocates the externalisation of phenomena initially thought to be of internal incidence. These processes sustain the mutations of the operationalisation of EU’s security culture, while the external actions of CSDP develop practices of extraterritorial control of a securitized migration topic, against the background of the struggle to protect the “Fortress Europe” and the externalisation of EU’s own security.<br>Este trabalho pretende estudar as mutações sofridas pelas políticas de segurança da União Europeia, partindo da perceção institucionalizada de que os fluxos migratórios constituem um desafio securitário a que a União Europeia deve dar resposta. O estudo aborda as alterações da cultura de segurança da União e da sua operacionalização concreta através dos mecanismos da Política Comum de Segurança e Defesa, no âmbito da Política Externa e de Segurança Comum. Assim, a pergunta de investigação que orienta este trabalho é a seguinte: de que forma a securitização dos fluxos migratórios na União Europeia, particularmente visível desde o começo da década de 1990 até hoje, tem influenciado as suas políticas de segurança, quer ao nível da definição da sua cultura de segurança, quer ao nível do seu desenvolvimento operacional? Visando responder a esta questão, este trabalho propõe-se primeiramente a desenvolver o quadro teórico e concetual empregue ao longo da dissertação, nomeadamente a escola crítica dos Estudos de Segurança. Este quadro é relevante para esta dissertação, na medida em que expande o significado de segurança, elevando o indivíduo a objeto referenciador de segurança privilegiado – uma abordagem concetualmente próxima da abordagem da UE à promoção de segurança. No âmbito deste quadro de análise, estamos também bem posicionados para analisar o desenvolvimento de um nexo securitário interno-externo, que tem informado a postura securitária da União e as respostas a novas ameaças, nomeadamente aquelas que são percecionadas como derivando do aumento de fluxos migratórios. Este trabalho analisa a emergência da União Europeia como um ator securitário, tomando nota das suas características sui generis derivadas da sua evolução histórica, para melhor entender e explicar a forma como a emergência de pressões derivadas do aumento dos fluxos migratórios tem impactado a política de segurança e defesa da UE, quer ao nível conceptual, quer operacional. Percebendo que estas dinâmicas informam generosamente as suas atividades de promoção de segurança internacional, este trabalho pretende compreender como as mesmas se relacionam com a ambição de externalização da questão migratória. Por fim, através de dois estudos de caso, o trabalho propõe-se a demonstrar as alterações sofridas pelas políticas de segurança da União Europeia, fruto da securitização das migrações. Um primeiro estudo sobre a evolução da cultura de segurança da União será concretizado através da análise dos documentos estruturantes da Política Externa e de Segurança Comum, nomeadamente no que ao tratamento da questão migratória diz respeito, sendo acompanhado pela análise de intervenções discursivas de elementos políticos relevantes no quadro político da União Europeia. Finalmente, o estudo da missão PCSD EUCAP Sahel Níger apresenta as alterações sofridas por esta missão e pelas atividades sob a égide da PCSD, ou seja, a dimensão operacional das políticas de segurança da União. Concluímos que, o nexo de segurança interna-externa e a própria natureza sui generis da União a conduzem a promover o diálogo entre os seus instrumentos securitários, privilegiando a internacionalização da sua segurança interna – onde se inserem os fluxos migratórios, securitizados no contexto da comunitarização. Neste contexto, a cultura de segurança da União sofre alterações palpáveis, sendo que a priorização do controlo dos fluxos migratórios se transpõe para as suas atividades externas de segurança levadas a cabo pela PCSD, seguindo a lógica da externalização de fenómenos pensados inicialmente de incidência interna. Assim se processam as mutações ao nível da operacionalização da cultura de segurança da União, sendo que nas ações externas da PCSD se desenvolvem práticas de controlo extraterritorial de uma questão migratória securitizada, enquanto se luta para proteger a “Fortaleza Europa” e se externaliza a própria segurança da União.
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Alshahrani, Abdulaziz S. "Critical success factors of knowledge management in higher education institutions : a comparative study between Western Sydney University in Australia and King Fahd Security College in Saudi Arabia." Thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.7/uws:46765.
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Despite its role in the creation, development and communication of knowledge, knowledge management (KM) is poorly understood within higher education institutions (HEIs). There is a relative dearth of theory and research to inform the ways universities and other institutions in the advanced education sector define, cultivate, and exchange knowledge within and beyond their organisational contexts. This has important implications for their managers, academics and students. The study of KM in HEIs invites research scholars and professionals to identify the critical success factors (CSFs) required for sound KM within (and potentially beyond) universities. Specifically, this thesis aimed to identify the CSFs of KM in HEIs associated with Nonaka’s model through a comparative study of Western Sydney University (WSU) in Australia and King Fahd Security College (KFSC) in Saudi Arabia. It extended the seminal work of Nonaka and colleagues to incorporate CSFs into proper implementation of KM. This extension provided a robust practical and theoretical foundation for examining KM within university settings.
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Čermáková, Kristýna. "Sekuritizace migrace v České republice - role uprchlic v diskurzu o migraci." Master's thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-384586.
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Master's Thesis Kristýna Čermáková Abstract This master's thesis explores the topic of the securitization of migration in the Czech Republic and the gender dimension of the discourse on migration. After a theoretical exploration of the migratory process and the specificities of its female face, a discourse analysis of the Czech media will present the main epistemological core of the work. The primary research question attempts to identify the ways in which the Czech media contributes to the shifting perception of migration as belonging to the sphere of politics, even presenting migration as a threat to security. The thesis is divided into four chapters. The first chapter provides a theoretical insight into migration studies, the motives to migrate and the phenomenon of forced migration. Despite the general assumption of mainstream academics that migrants are mainly men, the second chapter shows that women's experiences with migration differ greatly from those of men. Based on the Copenhagen stream of thought, the discourse analysis of the Czech media carried out in the third chapter points to the construction of perceptions about migration within Czech society. The absence of gender in the public discourse on migration is further analyzed in the last chapter. The missing gender dimension proved to be...
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Arnold, Jobb. "Inside and Outside Peace and Prosperity: Post-Conflict Cultural Spaces in Rwanda and Northern Ireland." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/12223.
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In post-conflict settings real and imagined boundaries do a great deal to determine who is inside and who is outside of state-based narratives of peace and prosperity. Based on case studies in Rwanda and Northern Ireland, I provide an analysis of the post-conflict periods and the impact of neoliberal-styled governance on the dynamics of power. I argue that as power shifted, ‘peace’ also entailed a general social pacification, and prosperity equated to greater private profit. However, top-down social engineering has not contained the entire field of social struggle. I examine micro-level interventions taking place on the margins of mainstream discourse that trouble the moralizing state-narratives that seek to legitimate structural violence. Such spaces facilitate alternative values and practices that contribute to sustained social and cultural resilience, as well as forms of resistance.
Post-conflict Rwanda and Northern Ireland have been impacted by both coercive and consensual forms of social engineering. In Rwanda, state-based framework laws and forceful regimes of local implementation rely on stark contingencies of reward and punishment to shape and control behaviour in the public sphere. In Northern Ireland, the power-sharing structure of the Belfast Agreement has reinforced ethnic politics, while depoliticizing and instrumentalizing civil society in support of its neoliberal policies.
I present ethnographic research and interviews conducted with community organizations in Northern Ireland (Ikon) and Rwanda (Student Association of Genocide Survivors - AERG) that demonstrates how alternative discourses and practices are emerging in the cracks of these top-down systems. I explore Ikon’s use of creative performances and radical theology to create socially resonant cultural spaces that function as temporary autonomous zones. These TAZs unsettle aspects of individual identity while intentionally seeking to destabilize mainstream power dynamics. Unlike Ikon, AERG faces greater public scrutiny and higher political stakes. They demonstrate an adherence to the dominant social script in the public sphere, while exhibiting micro- level agency through trauma healing, and material support in private day-to-day practices. AERG’s performance in the public sphere creates temporary spaces of encounter that exceed the boundaries of official discourse, making their alternative presence felt while remaining illegible to the dominant surveillance frameworks.<br>Thesis (Ph.D, Cultural Studies) -- Queen's University, 2014-06-02 11:02:09.033