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Journal articles on the topic 'Critical source criticism'
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1
Mathewson, Daniel B. "A Critical Binarism: Source Criticism and Deconstructive Criticism." Journal for the Study of the Old Testament 26, no. 4 (June 2002): 3–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030908920202600401.
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Sezgin, A. Asli. "Changing Over From Criticism To Protectionism In Media Literacy Classes. Source Texts In Turkey." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 12, no. 11 (April 27, 2016): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n11p35.
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Approachments, basically, are related to the subject of media literacy. The different practices sourced from these approachments have been remarked since the inception of media literacy subject discussions until today. The diversifying of media tools is dependent on its technological development. Thus, it is reaching broader areas which are necessary for evaluating the media literacy in a different and wider view. When the attempts of the government structures about the subject in Turkey and the courses were examined, wordings which have become different, over the years, in source texts have been given so much attention. Media literacy class source texts have been prepared in a critical language in Turkey. However, it is been passed into a protective and interferant wording in terms of time more than criticism. In this study, firstly, the differences between protective and interferant approachments will be explained with a critical approach directed towards media literacy. Right after that, the content of two (2) different sourced texts which has been prepared for study in the media literacy classes in Turkey will be examined based on the period they were published.
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McCallum, Robyn. "Palimpsestuous IntertextualitiesAdaptations for Young Audiences: Critical Challenges, Future Directions." International Research in Children's Literature 9, no. 2 (December 2016): 197–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/ircl.2016.0202.
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Historically, literary sources have always provided a rich resource for film narratives, meaning that the history of cinema is closely intertwined with the history of film adaptation. Children's literature in particular has been a favoured source of represented narratives. Some of the earliest film adaptations were of children's texts, many of which have been readapted multiple times. Adaptation studies has been a growth area of scholarly research and debate for at least five decades. However, despite the close imbrication of the film industry and children's literature since the early twentieth century, few adaptation scholars have turned their attention to the rich resource that children's and youth culture provides. This paper surveys dominant shifts in approaches to adaptation, in particular the shift from ‘fidelity criticism’ to a dialogic intertextual approach; the recent move back to a modified form of ‘fidelity criticism’; and the cultural work that has thus far been achieved in the field of adaptation studies and children's and youth culture. In doing so it examines the critical challenges faced by scholars in the field and the potent possibilities future scholarship might pursue.
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Bin Mohd Saad, Mohd Faizulamri, and Afrizal Nur. "ORIENTALIST CRITICISM TO QIRA’AT MUTAWATIRAH AND DEFENSE (A FACT AND REALITY)." Jurnal Ushuluddin 24, no. 2 (December 10, 2016): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.24014/jush.v24i2.1690.
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Qira’at mutawatirah is the word of Allah. It is the source and the most important element in the studying al-Qur’an. It is a primary reference source, in its capacity as al-Qur’an revealed by Allah SWT. But the problem that arises is when some scientists and orientalists attempt to criticize Qira’at mutawatirah and embroider it with misconceptions. This condition becomes worse, because it was found from critical that refused accuracy of Qira’at mutawatirah by concluding Qira’at mutawatirah is wrong. Based on the statement above, this paper will discuss and analyze about the views that criticize Qira’at mutawatirah to explain the reasoning-defense argument. This study is a qualitative research and focused on documents analysis. The findings of this study concluded that the arguments defense Qira’at mutawatirah is a strong argument, while criticism argued is not correct, because their consideration simply put human logic of the word of Allah SWT
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Bertilsson, Fredrik. "Source Criticism as a Technology of Government in the Swedish Psychological Defence: The Impact of Humanistic Knowledge on Contemporary Security Policy." Humanities 10, no. 1 (January 4, 2021): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/h10010013.
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“Source criticism” (källkritik) has become an essential part of the Swedish government’s activities against false information, deception campaigns, and propaganda, which are viewed as fundamentally destabilising forces that can potentially undermine the democratic system, the public debate, and political decision-making. The purpose of this article is to explore source criticism as a technology of government focusing on the Swedish Psychological Defence. I analyse the way in which source criticism is brought to bear on Swedish national security policy in the light of Foucauldian theories about modern governmentality and technologies of the self. Source criticism is seen as an example of a contemporary form of government that entails a redistribution of responsibility from the state to the individual, who is provided with certain “technologies of self” to master an unpredictable political environment. With this case study as empirical example, the aim of the article is to contribute to the research on the influence of humanistic knowledge in security and defence policy domains. This prompts further discussion about what happens with the democratic and critical potential of humanistic knowledge as it is enrolled in government operations.
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Fickers, Andreas. "Towards a New Digital Historicism?" Making Sense of Digital Sources 1, no. 1 (February 21, 2012): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.18146/2213-0969.2012.jethc004.
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This article argues that the contemporary hype in digitization and dissemination of our cultural heritage – especially of audiovisual sources – is comparable to the boom of critical source editions in the late 19th century. But while the dramatic rise of accessibility to and availability of sources in the 19th century went hand in hand with the development of new scholarly skills of source interpretation and was paralleled by the institutionalization of history as an academic profession, a similar trend of an emerging digital historicism today seems absent. This essay aims at reflecting on the challenges and chances that the discipline of history – and the field of television history in particular – is actually facing. It offers some thoughts and ideas on how the digitization of sources and their online availability affects the established practices of source criticism.
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Khalifa Hasan, Muhammad. "The Qur'an's Contribution to Biblical Criticism." Journal of Qur'anic Studies 20, no. 2 (June 2018): 157–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/jqs.2018.0344.
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The Islamic science of Biblical Criticism is one of the earliest to emerge from the study of the Qur'an. It was developed by Muslim scholars specialising in the history of religions and reached its peak with the contributions of Ibn Ḥazm al-Andalūsī in the fifth/twelfth century. This ‘traditional’ Islamic science has more recently been complemented by the incorporation of Western Biblical Criticism Theory in the works of Raḥmat Allah al-Hindī, Ismāʿīl al-Fārūqī, Muḥammad Khalīfa Ḥasan, and others. This study will seek to determine the role of the Qur'an in the establishment of the Islamic science of Biblical Criticism and its centrality as a source for this discipline, through the elaboration of certain principles, such as the moderating position of the Qur'an between the Tanakh and Christian Bible, and the moderating position of Islam between Judaism and Christianity. Among these principles are the Qur'an's critical awareness and theories of taḥrīf and tabdīl, for example. The objectivity of the Qur'an is shown in the way it accepts previous revealed texts, and acknowledges them as a matter of belief, while seeking at the same time to conclusively clarify the revelation. In conclusion, this paper urges the usefulness of the Qur'an as a source of Biblical Criticism and Jewish and Christian interpretation and exegesis of the Tanakh and the Christian Bible.
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Koci, Katerina. "On the Legacy of the Land: Ideology Criticism of Walter Brueggemann and John Steinbeck." Theology Today 78, no. 1 (April 2021): 13–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040573620959249.
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This article addresses the sensitive, religious-political issue of the promised land. It discusses this issue from the perspective of the criticism of the promised land in the works of Walter Brueggemann in comparison to his artistic source of influence, John Steinbeck. After the systematic analysis of Brueggemann’s criticism of land ideology throughout his work, I elaborate on Steinbeck’s critical attitude to this topic which I offer as Steinbeck’s own alternative criticism. On top of the affirmation that “Steinbeck may have put the issue of the land most eloquently,” as suggested by Brueggemann himself, I propose that Steinbeck (unlike Brueggemann) does not fall into the trap of producing an inverted ideology and offers a balanced and timeless criticism of the promised land issue.
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Scott, Lynn Orilla. "Trends in James Baldwin Criticism 2001–10." James Baldwin Review 2, no. 1 (December 13, 2016): 168–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/jbr.2.11.
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James Baldwin criticism from 2001 through 2010 is marked by an increased appreciation for Baldwin’s entire oeuvre including his writing after the mid 1960s. The question of his artistic decline remains debated, but more scholars find a greater consistency and power in Baldwin’s later work than previous scholars had found. A group of dedicated Baldwin scholars emerged during this period and have continued to host regular international conferences. The application of new and diverse critical lenses—including cultural studies, political theory, religious studies, and black queer theory—contributed to more complex readings of Baldwin’s texts. Historical and legal approaches re-assessed Baldwin’s relationship to the Civil Rights and Black Power movements and new material emerged on Baldwin’s decade in Turkey. Some historical perspective gave many critics a more nuanced approach to the old “art” vs. “politics” debate as it surfaced in Baldwin’s initial reception, many now finding Baldwin’s “angry” work to be more “relevant” than “out of touch” as it was thought of during his lifetime. In the first decade of the new millennium, three books of new primary source material, a new biography, four books of literary criticism, three edited collections of critical essays, two special issues of journals and numerous book chapters and articles were published, marking a significant increase not only in the quantity, but the quality of Baldwin criticism.
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Susilo, Susilo, and Angelia Rantya Apriliawati Suryaningsih. "MONAS SEBAGAI SIMBOL PERJUANGAN BANGSA INDONESIA." Kepariwisataan: Jurnal Ilmiah 9, no. 03 (September 30, 2015): 55–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.47256/kepariwisataan.v9i03.139.
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The National Monument is a national symbol to symbol of Jakarta Year 1953-1975. The issues presented in this report is how the historical background of the emergence of the idea or the idea of building the National Monument in Jakarta, and the realization of the construction of the National Monument as a national symbol of Indonesia in transit, and Soekarno role in the development of the National Monument. Also discussed is the view of society in defining post-construction National Monument National Monument. Using the method of writing a critical history that includes four steps namely the collection of primary and secondary sources, which consists of source criticism eksteren criticism and internal criticism that has authenticity and credible source. Interpretation of facts and events of the last re-writing of history by descriptive analysis. After National Monument formed physically, then in 1964 the Government of Andhra Pradesh to use National Monument as part of a symbol of the city. This turned out to cause a shift in the meaning of the National Monument. Society no longer interpret the National Monument as a national symbol but as a symbol of the city. The shift is happening is the meaning of the National Monument became a symbol of the national symbol of the city.
Keywords: National Monument,Tourism Spot, Jakarta City
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Zaitsev, Alexander V. "Humanistic ontology of the worldview in I. Dedkov's literary criticism: origins, nature, essence." Verhnevolzhski Philological Bulletin 1, no. 24 (2021): 193–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.20323/2499-9679-2021-1-24-193-203.
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The article examines the question of the nature, origins and content of the humanistic worldview of I. Dedkov, a literary critic. The author polemicizes with the existing views on this issue and offers his own approach to solving it using specific empirical material. From the author's point of view, the origins of Dedkov's humanistic worldview can be found in russian classical philosophy and russian pre-revolutionary philosophy. In addition, as it follows from the textual analysis of various verbal sources, including his epistolary heritage, diaries, literary and critical articles, I. Dedkov was strongly influenced by russian and Western European existentialism. The main purpose of this article is to reconstruct Dedkov's worldview in its dynamics and development, and to determine his relation to the marxist philosophy and communist worldview that prevailed at the time. This article demonstrates a gradual but systematic trend in the transformation of the literary critic's worldview from the dominance of stalinist elements in Dedkov's social, political, and philosophical views to overcoming them and to formaing free and independent perception of reality. The main methods the author relies on are the elements of system analysis, induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis, biographical approach, discursive and narrative analysis. As a result of this work the author of the article was able to reconstruct the main elements and features of I. Dedkov's humanistic worldview, as reflected in his biography and literary and critical work. The author used I. Dedkov's hitherto unpublished letters stored at the I. A. Dedkov Interregional scientific and educational center at Kostroma state university as a source for writing this article.
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Rubick, Kate. "Flashlight: using Bizup’s BEAM to illuminate the rhetoric of research." Reference Services Review 43, no. 1 (February 9, 2015): 98–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rsr-10-2014-0047.
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Purpose – This paper aims to demonstrate how a librarian at a liberal arts college partnered with a professor of rhetoric and media studies to teach students methods to classify sources using Bizup’s BEAM. Design/methodology/approach – Students in rhetorical criticism, read the Bizup article on BEAM. The library instruction included a discussion of the article and an application exercise where students classified cited references in a peer-reviewed journal article using BEAM. Findings – BEAM was a valuable addition to the rhetorical criticism course. The application exercise used in the library instruction session introduced BEAM as a tool to be used in reading and evaluating sources. Students were able to apply what they learned as they selected, deciphered and interpreted sources of information for use in their academic writing. Practical implications – Librarians teaching in a variety of academic disciplines may use or adapt BEAM as a tool for helping students learn to critically evaluate information sources, as they read texts and as they engage in research-based writing assignments. Originality/value – This work showcases how librarians using BEAM can extend library teaching beyond traditional bibliographic instruction and into the realm of critical inquiry. It also demonstrates how librarians can use BEAM to initiate conversations with academic faculty about information literacy. It also contributes to an emerging area of scholarship involving the use of BEAM to teach source evaluation.
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Van Nes, Jermo. "On the Origin of the Pastorals' Authenticity Criticism: A ‘New’ Perspective." New Testament Studies 62, no. 2 (February 29, 2016): 315–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002868851500051x.
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It is generally agreed among contemporary scholars that the modern critique of the authorship claim of the New Testament letters addressed to Timothy and Titus originated in early nineteenth-century Germany with the studies of Schmidt and Schleiermacher on 1 Timothy. However, a late eighteenth-century study by the British clergyman Edward Evanson challenges this consensus as it proves Titus to have been suspect of pseudonymity before. This ‘new’ perspective found in Evanson's neglected source also nuances the common assumption that from its very beginnings the critical campaign against the letters' authenticity was mainly driven by linguistic considerations.
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Trzeciak, Katarzyna, and Jakob Ziguras. "Critique. Division. An Archaeology of Separation and a Salvaging Etymology." Praktyka Teoretyczna 34, no. 4 (December 15, 2019): 123–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/prt2019.4.9.
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The goal of this essay is twofold: firstly, it is a description a post-critical tendency within the contemporary, Anglo-American humanities; secondly, it presents propositions which broaden the boundaries current in the post-critical current, which lead to the replacement of critical sci-entificity with an affirmation of everyday readerly affects. The claims regarding the rejection of a criticism based on suspicion, formulated by, among others, Rita Felski, accentuate the elite character of reading, the goal of which is the unveiling of the economico- political entan-glement of the text as a product of historical reality. The distrust towards the surface of the text and the illusion of aesthetic autonomy, central for cultural studies, raised the critical atti-tude to the rank of an activity that is revelatory and privileged. The opponents of an unmask-ing criticism underline its limitations—unmasking reveals the ultimate source of every cultural production, the logic of capitalism, the total character of which leaves no chance for change. In defense of change, and in the hope of restoring to literature a widespread interest, there appear tendencies which bring back the individual experience of reading, the basis of which is to be aesthetic pleasure, freed from the historical context and its determinants. In the article, examples of such tendencies will be pointed out, as also will be their consequences caused by the elevation and universalisation of non-professional reading. The rejection of the political task of criticism leads to the questioning of its anti-systemic potential; in turn, the apotheosis of suspicion paralyses the postulative dimension of criticism. For this reason, in the last part of the essay, I propose going beyond oppositional con ceptualisations in the direction of a criti-cism that is situated and material, and whose model, in my rendering, is subordi nated knowledge.
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Alexander, Elizabeth Shanks. "Recent Literary Approaches to the Mishnah." AJS Review 32, no. 2 (November 2008): 225–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0364009408000093.
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Literary approaches to rabbinic literature entered the field through biblical studies, in which scholars from different quarters and different points of reference were using them to make sense of the biblical text as it has come down to us. The literary approach took umbrage at the way in which the historical source-critical approach dissects the Bible into its constituent sources. The literary approach was an overt attempt to overcome the fractures that historical criticism had introduced into the surface of the biblical text. It proposed instead to read the text—with all of its surface irregularities, gaps, and hiatuses—as coherent and meaningful.
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James, Toby S. "Neo-Statecraft Theory, Historical Institutionalism and Institutional Change." Government and Opposition 51, no. 1 (July 17, 2014): 84–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/gov.2014.22.
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This article provides a critical examination of the contribution that statecraft theory, which has been subject to recent revision and development, makes to the literature on institutional change. It articulates an emergentneo-statecraft approach that offers an agent-led form of historical institutionalism. This overcomes the common criticism that historical institutionalists underplay the creative role of actors. The article also argues that the approach brings back into focus the imperatives of electoral politics as a source of institutional change and provides a macro theory of change which is also commonly missing from historical institutionalist work. It can therefore identify previously unnoticed sources of stability and change, especially in states with strong executives and top-down political cultures.
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Wijaya, Ginanjar Arif, Sarwaji Surwandi, and Sumarwati Sumarwati. "Stand Up Comedy Indonesia as Anecdote Text Learning Media in Senior High School: Study of Critical Discourse Analysis." Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal) : Humanities and Social Sciences 2, no. 2 (May 10, 2019): 171–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/birci.v2i2.248.
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This research is a descriptive qualitative study that examines the relevance of social criticism on Stand Up Comedy Indonesia towards anecdotal text learning in high school. Stand Up Comedy is a form of comedy or comedy that is delivered monologically to the audience. Stand Up comedy is not only an entertaining spectacle, but every material that is aired is criticized or the message delivered. The purpose of this study was to identify the relevance of social criticism on Stand Up Comedy Indonesia towards anecdotal text learning in high school. The data in this study are in the form of a Stand Up Comedy Indonesia video. The primary data source in this study is Stand Up comedy Kompas TV documents and videos on YouTube. While secondary data sources are relevant primary books, international journals, papers, etc. that are needed in the study of theory. The data collection technique in this study is by documentation and literature. The analysis technique used in this study uses qualitative analysis techniques. Because the data obtained are in the form of texts from various different literary sources, a text analysis is needed. The results of this study are three things. 1) The discourse of stand Up comedy academy has the same structure , namely based on the genre of discourse. 2) The schema and discourse sequence of stand Up comedy academy are in accordance with anecdotal texts, namely those that have components of abstract structure, orientation, crisis, reaction and code. The division of structures can be divided into two parts, complete structure and incomplete. 3) The implementation of the results of this study can be used as teaching material at the eleventh grade high school about producing coherent anecdotal texts in accordance with the characteristics of the text made both orally and in writing.
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de Graef, Ortwin. "Congestion of the Brain in an Age of Unpoetrylessness: Matthew Arnold's Digestive Tracts for the Times." Victorian Literature and Culture 26, no. 1 (1998): 87–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150300002291.
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“Kan kunst de wereld redden?” When Antwerp was cultural capital of Europe in 1993, this question — “Can art save the world?” — was adopted as one of the city's official slogans, prompting the mayor at the time, Bob Cools, to offer his contribution to an answer by way of a quotation: “Culture is to know the best that has been said and thought in the world.” As his source Cools mentioned Literature and Dogma, but in order to register accurately the phrase's critical relation to the salvation of and by culture, we must at least retrace it to its origin in Arnold's work, “The Function of Criticism at the Present Time.” In that essay, Arnold famously argues for the logical priority of criticism over poetry, claiming that poetry can only thrive when it has at its disposal the “materials” of literary creation, the high-quality “ideas” which it is the province of criticism to furnish (270).” The business of criticism is “simply to know the best that is known and thought in the world, and by in its turn making this known, to create a current of true and fresh ideas” (270). Measured by this standard, Arnold finds his own English modernity sadly deficient, representative of “the modern situation in its true blankness and barrenness, and unpoetrylessness” (Letters 126), and bereft of “just that very thing which now Europe most desires, — criticism” (“Function” 258). For in England, more than anywhere else, the critical spirit suffers from the short-sighted pragmatism and innate mindlessness that render the British immune to ideas, a fundamental philistinism that deprives the creative faculty of its materials and stifles the genuine development of criticism according to “the idea which is the law of its being: the idea of a disinterested endeavour to learn and propagate the best that is known and thought in the world, and thus to establish a current of fresh and true ideas” (“Function” 282).
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Quick, Laura. "Dream Accounts in the Hebrew Bible and Ancient Jewish Literature." Currents in Biblical Research 17, no. 1 (October 2018): 8–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1476993x17743116.
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The study of dreams and their interpretation in the literary remains from antiquity have become increasingly popular access points to the phenomenological study of religious experience in the ancient world, as well as of the literary forms in which this experience was couched. This article considers the phenomenon of dreaming in the Hebrew Bible and ancient Jewish literature. I consider treatments of these dream accounts, noting the development in the methodological means by which this material has been approached, moving from source criticism, to tradition history, and finally to form-critical methods. Ultimately, I will argue that form criticism in particular enables scholars to discern shifts and developments across diachronic perspectives. Study of dream accounts is thus illuminating not only for the understanding of dream phenomena, but also for the development of apocalyptic and the method and means of early Jewish biblical interpretation.
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Aryanto, Aris, Bani Sudardi, Andrik Purwasito, and Abdullah Wakit. "Social Criticism in the Text Scripture of Dharmasonya." KOMUNITAS: International Journal of Indonesian Society and Culture 9, no. 1 (March 2, 2017): 70–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/komunitas.v9i1.8340.
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This study took a closer look at the socio-condition of the Javanese people in Surakarta at the time Dharmasonya (Ds) text was produced through a perspective of critical-sociological studies. The present Ds text was read through seeing the historical life of the Islamic religion. The main objective of this study was to probe socio-cultural life of the society in the age the Ds text was produced. The data source used was the translation of Ds text by Suratmin which was issued by the Ministry of Education and Culture. To obtain the objectives, study on the Ds text was compared with other similar ancient texts of the same themes produced in the same time; these texts were Serat Wedhatama by KGPAA Mangkunegara IV (1853-1881) and Serat Tjemporet by R.Ng. Ranggwarsita. The data was analyzed through perspectives of Hermeneutic and Semiotics methods. The result shows that in Ds text, social criticism was an attempt to resist against the dynamic circumstances faced by the society at the time wherein the social status and nobility became people’s life concern. Such circumstance has apparently been used at least by a stream of Islamic group to write religious text in literary form, since religious doctrine was considered as one of the powerful weapons to control the society. Thus, most people would forcefully obey and submit to the teachings of Islam based on the Sharia law.
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Demers, David K. "Structural Pluralism, Corporate Newspaper Structure, and News Source Perceptions: Another Test of the Editorial Vigor Hypothesis." Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 75, no. 3 (September 1998): 572–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107769909807500311.
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A recent content analysis of newspaper editorials and letters to the editor disputes the conventional wisdom that newspapers become less vigorous editorially as they acquire the characteristics of the corporate form of organization. However, many scholars remain skeptical. This study tested the editorial vigor hypothesis using an alternative methodology: a national probability survey of mainstream news sources (mayors and police chiefs). The data provide partial support for the corporate structure theory - the more structurally complex the newspaper, the more news sources perceived that paper as being critical of them and their institutions. Drawing on previous research and these findings, the author argues corporate newspapers are more critical because they are more likely to be located in pluralistic communities, which contain more social conflict and criticism of dominant groups and value systems, and because they are more insulated from local political pressures. From a broader perspective, the results may be interpreted as supporting theories which hold that the pace of social change quickens as social systems become more structurally pluralistic.
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Høgenhaven, Jesper. "Frants Buhl som gammeltestamentlig teolog." Dansk Teologisk Tidsskrift 78, no. 3 (October 10, 2015): 202–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/dtt.v78i3.105757.
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Frants Peder William Buhl (1850-1932) is credited with introducingmodern critical exegesis in a Danish theological context. This article attempts to track Buhl’s theological concerns. Buhl saw his work as an academic theologian in close connection with the faith and life of the Christian church. In his earlier works he defends a conservative historical position, including a Mosaic origin for Deuteronomy. Later, he embraces basic insights promoted by Julius Wellhausen, and accepts Pentateuchal source criticism and a late date for the Priestly source as founded on valid historical arguments. Buhl retained an independent position with regard to Wellhausen, and remained a great admirer of the conservative scholar Frantz Delitzsch. As a biblical theologian, he worked out a perspective which assigns significant value to the biblical texts as witnesses to a divine revelation unfolding through the course of history, and maintained that historical research at a critical basis is essential to a proper theological understanding of the Old Testament scriptures.
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Šuvaković, Miško. "Critical Questiones About Deconstrution or About De-Centring Of The Relation Between Philosophy And Music." Musicological Annual 41, no. 2 (December 1, 2005): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/mz.41.2.71-80.
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Entirely dissimilar endeavours of problematizing a canonic positioning of music, musicology, aesthetics and philosophy through self-comprehensiveness of a piece-as-a-source hoe et tunc, have led to criticism ar deconstruction of 'self-comprehensiveness' and 'objective autonomy' of music as an art, and of a music piece as a carrier or a centred source of music as an art. Those scarce approaches can be specified from Adorno's contextualization in critical theory, Jacques Attali's developing the theory of exchange, to the New Musicology critiques oriented towards studies of culture, such as those of Richard Leppert, Susan McClary or Rose Rosengard Subotnik, which emphasize autonomy of music, or can be recognized in the psychoanalytical theorization of materialistic functions/effects of music and opera, such as of Mladen Dolar and Slavoj Žižek. From the teachings on deconstruction of the philosopher Jacques Derrida, directly ar indirectly entirely different approaches and applications are drawn, concerning hybrid and plural acts of interpretation of the canonic positioning of music, musicology, aesthetics and philosophy. In the further text I shall dwell on identifying and interpreting of a problem-oriented approach to the canonic relation of music, musicology, aesthetics and philosophy.
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Bellamy, Nicholas, and Jane Campbell. "A Selective Critical but Constructive Desktop Appraisal of theAmerican Medical Association Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA 6)." International Journal of Disability Management 4, no. 2 (September 1, 2009): 27–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/jdmr.4.2.27.
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AbstractThis desktop review has been conducted, from the reviewers' perspective, to evaluate the merits, advantages and disadvantages of adopting the 6th edition of theAmerican Medical Association (AMA6) Guides for the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment.The reviewers do not make any recommendation as to whetherAMA6should or should not be adopted by any particular jurisdiction, but rather provide comment from the perspective of a critical but constructive appraisal of published material. The observations reported represent the opinions of the reviewers, based on their appraisal of selected sections ofAMA4,AMA5andAMA6and the associated literature.AMA6has become surrounded by considerable controversy. At the time of review, at least two jurisdictions in the United States have voted against adoption ofAMA6. While the paradigm shift away from the World Health Organization (WHO) International Classification of Impairment, Disability and Handicap (ICIDH) framework to the WHO International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) framework has attempted to ‘move with the times’, andAMA6has attempted to reach higher levels of internal consistency and interrater and intrarater reliability, the methods used to achieve a radical change in theGuideshas come under criticism. It is quite difficult to distinguish between speculative and substantive criticism, because of paucity or obscurity in both source documents and subsequent commentary. A range of concerns have been identified.
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Antonova, Anna. "Towards a Translator Criticism: (Mis)translating connections in Alice Munro’s “Too Much Happiness”." Connections: A Journal of Language, Media and Culture 1, no. 1 (November 5, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/connections10.
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In Towards a Translation Criticism: John Donne, Antoine Berman centers translation analysis on the translator’s personality itself, suggesting the concepts of individual “position,” “project,” and “horizon” as the cornerstones of translation critique. This article will apply Berman’s model to Alice Munro’s short story “Too Much Happiness” and its Russian translation “Слишком много счастья” by Andrey Stepanov. The resulting comparative analysis framework will highlight how a translation project enforcing its inherent biases on the target text may produce a textual product misrepresenting the original and serving imperialist, rather than purely cultural, goals. Although Munro’s story, based on the life of the Russian mathematician Sophia Kovalevsky, does invite connections between the source and target cultures, the translator’s consistent self-positioning towards the heroine’s gender and nationality leads to profound shifts in meaning. Stepanov’s translation project focuses on asserting his country’s cultural and literary superiority, while revealing his condescending attitude to the female protagonist. As a result, the Russian translation of “Too Much Happiness” plays up non-essential cultural connections and undermines the author’s critical perspective on the Russian reality. At the same time, the translator’s approach discredits the story’s complex main character and effectively erases the feminist undertones of Munro’s narrative. A careful examination of this case study building on Berman’s critical model problematizes the widely-discussed concept of translator’s agency and emphasizes the importance of comprehensive translator-centered analysis which combines textual and extratextual aspects.
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Mendes, Thales Sant'Ana Ferreira. "Carvalho Júnior, crítico literário e político." Scriptorium 4, no. 2 (January 25, 2019): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.15448/2526-8848.2018.2.32547.
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Pretendemos expor as ideias principais que norteiam a produção crítica de Carvalho Júnior. Relembrado pelos estudiosos como poeta de alguns poemas “carnais”, o autor é extremamente desconhecido enquanto crítico literário e político; não obstante, contribuiu para a formação de uma crítica literária brasileira. Tomando como fonte o corpus recolhido por Arthur Barreiros (1879), este artigo funciona como uma introdução a essa produção de Carvalho Júnior. Assim, dividimo-lo em duas partes centrais: uma referente às suas concepções de literatura e de sistema literário, e outra sobre sua crítica literária e seu método crítico. Com isto, analisamos como o aporte estabelecido naquela influiu na prática desta. Demonstramos que a concepção de literatura do autor, alinhada a seus posicionamentos políticos, se baseia num ideal positivista, sobretudo taineano: haveria um vínculo estreito entre sociedade e produção artística, de forma que esta seria produto do meio e, juntamente com ele, evoluiria. Sua crítica literária, por outro lado, se pende para o Realismo-Naturalismo, parece nunca ter abandonado os sestros românticos, ou mesmo os clássicos, fazendo-o recorrer a Staël, Schlegel, Dumas filho e Aristóteles. É, por fim, uma crítica literária bem representativa do clima intelectual de 1870-1890, sobretudo no que diz respeito à confluência de estéticas literárias. *** Carvalho Júnior, literary and political critic ***This paper aims at presenting the main ideas that constitute the critical production of Carvalho Júnior. The author, remembered by many scholars as the poet of some sensual poems, is entirely unknown as a literary and political critic. Nevertheless, he contributed to the formation of a Brazilian literary criticism. Thus, this paper works as an introduction to Carvalho Júnior’s literary criticism, taking as a source the corpus collected by Arthur Barreiros (1879). For this purpose, we divided the paper in two central parts: one concerning his conceptions of literature and of literary system, and another about his literary criticism and his critical method. We analyse how the contribution established in that one influenced the practice of his criticism. We demonstrate that his conception of literature, attached to his political positions, was based on a positivist ideal: there would be a link between the society and its artistic production, so that the latter would be a product of the milieu and, along with it, would evolve. His literary criticism, on the other hand, although adept of the Realism-Naturalism, never excluded the romantic and even classic tendencies, making Carvalho Júnior turn to Staël, Schlegel, Dumas fils and Aristotle. Lastly, his literary criticism is representative of the 1870-1890 intelligentsia, mainly concerning the confluence of literary aesthetics.Keywords: Francisco Antônio de Carvalho Júnior; literary criticism; 19th century.
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Riecker, Siegbert. "Paradigmenwechsel ‐ welches Paradigma? : Die Pentateuchkrise als Krise der Literarkritik." European Journal of Theology 29, no. 2 (September 1, 2020): 123–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/ejt2020.2.003.riec.
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Summary It would be too simple to attribute the current crisis in research on the Pentateuch to the demise of the Wellhausen paradigm (the documentary hypothesis) and the resulting diversity of methods. Rather, these are merely symptoms of a fundamental crisis in the source critical paradigm as a whole. The difficulties with the nature of sources, their literary scope and the criteria for their division are only part of the wider problem. The introduction of non-verifiable ‘redactors’ and ‘Fortschreibung’ (updating) to cope with anomalies of a hypothesis seems methodologically just as questionable as the reconstruction of the social-historical background of individual literary strata (‘pseudo historicism’). The increasingly complex diachronic overall models are lacking plausibility and credibility, especially since the reconstruction of several stages in the development of the text is practically impossible from an empirical perspective. The alternative to the classic paradigm of source criticism is a literary paradigm that returns to the starting point of the testimony of the biblical texts themselves. Of course, literary tensions and sources must not be ignored. However, systems of interpretation to explain inconsistencies should not be based on methods developed in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries but on the ancient literary conventions of the Bible and its environment.
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Lestari, Siska Nurazizah, and Nara Setya Wiratama. "The Dark Side of the Lasem Maritime Industry: Chinese Power in Opium Business in the XIX Century." Journal of Maritime Studies and National Integration 2, no. 2 (February 1, 2019): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jmsni.v2i2.3858.
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Some of the issues discussed in this article are the shipyard industry development at Lasem, and revealing the factors of Chinese traders conducted smuggling by sea. This study shows the dark side of the maritime industry found in Lasem mainly related to Chinese power in the opium business, XIX century. These problems analyzes with critical historical methods which consist of four stages, including a) heuristics, seeking and collecting historical sources, both primary and secondary sources; b) source criticism, the process carried out to test the authenticity and credibility of the source; c) interpretations, interpret and compile facts from one another; d) historiography, the process of rewriting historical events. According to the results, there was a concentration of Chinese residences during the colonial period. Lasem’s Chinese settlements (Chinatown) had rapid growth after the migration of Chinese and the Chinese massacre as known as Geger, Pecinan. To maintain its existence, the Chinese in Lasem initiated the opium business, developed in the nineteenth century by sea. The presence of the Lasem River also strengthened this finding, became the lifeblood of economic activity in the past. The Lasem River also connects the hinterland with the coastal area, so it has a negative impact mainly related to the smuggling of opium.
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Göncöl, Csaba. "The Chapter of Bärdi Bäk khan in the Čingiz-nāmä of Ötämiš Ḥāǰǰī Tolu Bay, ämīr of the Golden Horde." Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 74, no. 1 (April 9, 2021): 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/062.2021.00002.
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In the past few years researchers of the history of the Golden Horde devoted considerable attention to formerly neglected chronicles written in Turkic in the successor states of the Ulus of J̌uči, particularly to the so called Čingiz-nāmä of Ötämiš Ḥāǰǰī. Though this collection of genuine oral tradition is an indispensable source, a critical approach is oftentimes overlooked by the scholars using it. This paper aims to demonstrate how the historical consciousness of the populace of the Golden Horde altered the stories behind certain events. For this purpose, the story of Bärdi Bäk khan in the Čingiz-nāmä will be subjected to criticism.
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Stråth, Bo. "Methodological and Substantive Remarks on Myth, Memory and History in the Construction of a European Community." German Law Journal 6, no. 2 (February 1, 2005): 255–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2071832200013626.
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Over the last decades, a shift has occurred in the methodology of academic historiography, from an earlier focus on the quality of the sources towards the narrative framework of the history. The point in the new approach is that the sources are interpreted and put together into a narration. In the earlier approach, there was a kind of myopic source criticism, which stopped at the sources and never really questioned the way in which they were put together into a narration. The way in which this composition is made is as biased as the sources on which the narration is based. For this reason, critical scrutiny must move one step forward, instead of halting at the sources. The path-breaking Metahistory by Hayden White in 1973 demonstrated, in a provocative way, the bias in narrative structures. He moved the focus from the sources as such, towards the manner in which they were employed. When the book was published, it was generally rejected and marginalized by the historians’ craft. Today, it is no exaggeration to say that, even if it is not generally recognized, at least it is widely accepted. Metahistory alluded, of course, to metaphysics. White's conclusion was that history is basically ideology. History is not the past per se, nor, as Ranke argued, is it wie es eigentlich gewesen, but a reflection on the past from the present. This methodological shift does not deny the continued importance of a critical approach to the sources and does not reject the existence of events and facts. Methodological rules of how to evaluate sources critically are still valid. The events and the facts based on the events can be documented. No serious historian founding his or her work on sources would deny the fact that, for instance, the Holocaust really did occur.
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Crowther, Daniel J. "Qumrān and Qur'ān." Journal for the Study of the Old Testament 43, no. 1 (September 2018): 109–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309089215670547.
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Until the discovery of the Dead Sea Scrolls, the dominant paradigm of the textual criticism of the Hebrew Bible was the quest for the original form of each of its books—the source texts (Urtext) from which all subsequent editions were copied. Since the discovery of the Dead Sea Scrolls, a number of scholars have proposed significant revisions to this paradigm. These proposals are presented by means of an analogy with David Living-stone's expeditions to find the source of the River Nile, and then evaluated by means of a comparison of the history of the text of the Hebrew Bible with the history of the text of the Qur'ān. According to Ibn Abī Dāwūd (d.928), the widespread oral memorization and recitation of the Qur'ān in the first Muslim generation led to the emergence of a multiplicity of textual and oral versions of its ‘original’ suwar. This, in turn, led to a series of (ultimately successful) attempts to standardize the text of the Qur'ān through the repression of all readings that differed from the one ‘official’ text. Applying a ‘Livingstonian’ text-critical model to the Qur'ān suggests that ongoing research into the earliest forms of the Qur'ān could be revolutionized if it sought to recover the early plurality that was consequent from its popularity. Applying an Ibn Abī Dāwūd text-critical model to ongoing research into the Talmudic and Masoretic periods of the Hebrew Bible suggests that it could be revolutionized if it sought to recover the history of the standardization of the variant texts. Under these paradigms, the purpose of textual criticism must be transformed from the pursuit of an imagined ideal text to become an enquiry into the nature of the texts that have been declared canonical.
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Van Zyl, H. C. "Matteus 18:15—20: 'n Diachroniese en sinchroniese ondersoek met besondere verwysing na kerklike dissipline." Verbum et Ecclesia 9, no. 1 (August 2, 1988): 75–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/ve.v9i1.1146.
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Matthew 18:15—20: A diachronic and synchronic investigation with special reference to church discipline It is well known that gospel material consists of traditional matter as well as the evangelists' own input. A thorough exegesis should contain both the aspects of the investigation into the growth of the tradition (diachrony), and the study of the text in its final stage (synchrony). Matthew 18:15—20 is subjected to such an approach. As part of the diachrony these verses are studied by means of the historical critical paradigm. Special attention is paid to source and redaction criticism. Under the synchronic aspect this pericope is investigated structurally, historically and theologically. Discourse and narrative analyses are used for the structural component.
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Santana-Cordero, Aarón Moisés, and Péter Szabó. "Exploring Qualitative Methods of Historical Ecology and Their Links With Qualitative Research." International Journal of Qualitative Methods 18 (January 1, 2019): 160940691987211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1609406919872112.
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A review of the historical ecology literature led us to the realization that there was an important gap in terms of recognized methodological procedures and techniques. Contributions along these lines are sparse. However, some publications (book chapters and papers), some of them case studies, contain methodological material of great interest. Therefore, all these materials needed to be gathered together and put in a historical ecology methodological context. With this in mind, this article focuses on the methods employed to date in historical ecology when working with qualitative and graphic materials. In addition, it incorporates an exploration of the links between these methods and those used in general in qualitative research. Historical ecology requires source criticism methods (a source critical approach which offers guidelines for both source and source reliability assessment) and time line–based methods for landscape change. Some of the techniques used in historical ecology, but not originate from it, are presented (historical maps, photointerpretation, repeat photography, and oral history). The methodological links between historical ecology and qualitative research are then explored, and, finally, a method for text analysis (thematic networks) is presented.
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Van Coller, H. P. "Antjie Krog se vertaling van Henk van Woerden se roman Een mond vol glas." Literator 23, no. 2 (August 6, 2002): 129–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/lit.v23i2.334.
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Antjie Krog’s translation of Henk van Woerden’s novel Een mond vol glas (A mouth full of glass) Against a historical backdrop several critical approaches to translational theory are explicated. Traditional criticism seems to imply positioning between the Source Text (ST) and the Target Text (TT). A functionalist approach (as propagated among others by Snell-Hornby, Nord and Naaijkens) is a descriptive rather than a normative approach that focuses almost exclusively on the ST. This approach is consequently adopted in the evaluation of Krog’s translation; yet even within this more relativistic paradigm, a comparison between ST and TT should not be evaded. In the case of Krog’s translation, this comparison leads to the identification of scores of lexical, grammatical and stylistic errors.
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LeMon, Joel M. "Recasting Genesis in Bronze: Ghiberti's Visual Exegesis in The Gates of Paradise." Biblical Interpretation 20, no. 1-2 (2012): 126–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156851512x630386.
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AbstractThe bronze doors of Lorenzo Ghiberti (1378–1455) on the east side of the Baptistery at Florence are composed of ten “Albertian Renaissance windows” that depict scenes from the Old Testament in stunning detail. From an art-historical perspective, these panels demonstrate a significant development in Renaissance art. Rather than depicting a single instant in a biblical narrative, Ghiberti's panels combine multiple scenes into one composite image that conveys critical elements of long and complex stories. In the first of these panels, Ghiberti illustrates God's creation of Adam and Eve, the act of disobedience at the tree, and the expulsion from the garden. Ghiberti's organization of these events, his rendering of the characters, and the various details he includes (and omits) provide a window into the mind of a sophisticated exegete. When modern biblical scholars peer through this window, we note that Eve emerges as the central figure, while Adam is a largely peripheral one. We also note how Ghiberti establishes the literary pericope for his visual exegesis in a way that generally accords with modern source-critical hypotheses about Genesis 1-3. Indeed, by illustrating certain elements of the creation story and excluding others, Ghiberti is practicing de facto source criticism. Furthermore, Ghiberti's portrayal of the various characters in the text presaged twentieth- and twenty-first-century feminist readings of Genesis 1-3, as well as modern literary-critical analysis and ethico-theological critiques.
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Henige, David. "In Quest of Error's Sly Imprimatur: The Concept of “Authorial Intent” in Modern Textual Criticism." History in Africa 14 (1987): 87–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3171834.
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By common consent the constitution of an author's text is the highest aim a scholar can set before himself.It is not easy to imagine any historian advancing such a claim these days--or at least meaning it. In fact many historians might not even be sure what Burnet meant by it. Yet, if themétierof textual criticism in history has fallen on hard times, it might not be quite true that there is no place for it at all, even in African historiography. At first glance, to be sure, it might seem quite beside the point to discuss “constituting” any text, written or oral, that Africanists might use as a source, since it must most often seem as if these texts are quite straightforward existing in the state we chance upon them and in that state only.As is so frequently the case in the study of African history, for example, the only genuine sources for the life and activities of St. Patrick are two brief Latin texts he composed (or so it is widely believed), but which have survived only in versions committed to writing some two and a half centuries after his death. Well might we ask of materials like this: what text is to be “constituted” here? why is it necessary to engage in monotonous and time-consuming efforts to warrant the accuracy--that is, the verbal accuracy--of such texts? what is it possible to do anyway? and what is to be gained by doing it? As it happens, contemporary textual critics would have several answers to each of these questions, but here I want to deal only with a single facet of modern textual critical activity, its unending preoccupation with “authorial intent,” leaving the discussion of several other pertinent issues for another time.
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Abdi, M. Rizal, and Ferry Goodman Pardamean. "CHRISTIANITY AND ECOLOGY A CRITICAL STUDY ON THE CONTRIBUTION OF SDA THEOLOGY TOWARD ECOLOGY." Jurnal Kawistara 8, no. 3 (February 26, 2019): 275. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/kawistara.29789.
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To date, the controversial publication of Lynn White Jr’s article, The Historical Roots of Our Ecological Crisis (1967) ignites the fierce debate between theologian and academia in the field of religion and ecology about the guilt of Western Christianity toward modern ecological calamity. Meanwhile, as a Christian denomination that highly emphasizes on the second coming (the Advent) and the next life, Seventh-Day Adventist (SDA) Church doctrine is frequently accused as the reason why Christianity doctrine tend to put aside today’s environmental problem and more focused in the eternal next life. Though, at the same time, SDA Church also known for its emphasis on holistic life as well as one of the most advanced church in health and medical science. Given those handicap, the research tries to challenge those common perceptions about Christianity and ecology right into the heart of its criticism. By using literature-based research as methodology, this paper scrutinizes the doctrine of SDA church within the context of ecology as well as demonstrates how the SDA Church manifests its ecological doctrines. Furthermore, on wider discourse of religion and ecology, the explorations on SDA theology shows that rather than becoming a source of problem, the eschatological doctrine might become the driven-factor toward ecological practices nowadays.
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Mustofa, Imron. "Kritik Metode Kontekstualisasi Penafsiran al-Qur’ân Abdullah Saeed." ISLAMICA: Jurnal Studi Keislaman 10, no. 2 (March 1, 2016): 465. http://dx.doi.org/10.15642/islamica.2016.10.2.465-491.
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This article examines the growing movement of thought today, which later becomes known as modernist Islamic thought, especially the idea Abdullah Saeed. For him, a critical attitude towards the source and content of knowledge is necessary internal criticism of Islamic society. This study tries to present data relating to the role of reason behind the idea. Critical reading towards logical framework and epistemology is needed to contextualize dogma, tradition, and culture in order to be transformed to the present. This research gives birth to the perspective that the modernization of Islamic thought is a systematic movement regarding Islamic issues in the ever-changing context. Its characteristics is colored by emphasis on rationality free from sectarianism or exclusivism without claiming finality of thinking. Making interconnectivity (historical context) is the main barometer of interpretation process. The article reveals that Saeed’s strategies include four main phases; encounter with the world of the text, critical analysis; meaning for the first recipients and ending with text relating to the up to date context. However, excessive exaltation of contextuality will lead to the emergence of an indigenization of the Qur’an, and even Islam in general.
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Modine, Mitchel. "Case Studies in Recent Research on the Book of Numbers (with Attention to Non-Western Scholarship)." Currents in Biblical Research 18, no. 3 (May 20, 2020): 246–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1476993x20911818.
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Scholarship on the book of Numbers continues apace, even if there is not a famous commentary that everyone must always cite. Numbers figures especially prominently in recent work on Pentateuchal source criticism. This survey will examine several recent offerings that contribute in various ways to the ongoing discussion. In addition, particular texts within Numbers continue to excite attention, both from historical-critical and postmodern perspectives. Therefore, this article will devote attention to three texts that have drawn particular attention in the past 15 years: the sotah ritual in Numbers 5, Phinehas’s killing of an Israelite man and a Moabite woman in Numbers 25, and the inheritance request of the daughters of Zelophehad in Numbers 27 and 36. In all of these areas, recent offerings from non-Western scholars will receive particular attention.
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Briando, Bobby, Agung Sulistyo Purnomo, and Sri Kuncoro Bawono. "MULTIPARADIGM APPROACH FOR IMMIGRATION RESEARCHS." Jurnal Ilmiah Kajian Keimigrasian 2, no. 1 (April 26, 2019): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.52617/jikk.v2i1.43.
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This article discusses a research paradigm from several perspectives which is so-called Multiparadigm. Multiparadigm encompasses Positivism; Criticism; Posmodernism; and the Spiritualism. This research is qualitatively descriptive by using explanative method. The result shows that acquiring the whole paradigm will lead to a contemplation that “truth” is not single, on the contrary it is quite diverse. In this sense, the truth in the context of human consciousness is a “realtive”measure. Nevertheless, the “Absolute” truth belongs only to the Source of Knowledge, the Lord of the Universe. A research in which using multiparadigm would widen the horizon in critical thingking. It is expected that point of view will be able to lead us to a revolutionary way of thingking and enhacing intellectual, emotional and spiritual awareness within researchers.
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Phipps, Jake. "Antithetical Minds: Eliot’s Byron and Byron’s Burns." Byron Journal 49, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 15–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/bj.2021.4.
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This article examines the influence which Robert Burns had on Lord Byron’s poetry and his creation of the Byronic Hero, while also viewing T.S. Eliot’s 1937 essay on Byron as a significant piece of Byron criticism - useful not just for its insights on Byron, but for the affinities it reveals between Byron and Burns, and in turn, what it reveals about some of Eliot’s own critical and poetic practices. Eliot ranked Byron as second only to Chaucer in terms of ‘readability’, and praised him for his gifts as a tale-teller and his art of digression. I argue that Burns’s poem ‘Tam O’Shanter’ was an important source for the techniques of digression and self-conscious performance found in Don Juan, as well as for Byron’s conception of the Byronic Hero, where, again, ‘Tam O’Shanter’, and The Jolly Beggars, are particularly illuminating.
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Patria, Muhammad Yusuf. "TRANSFORMING THE POST-MUWAḤḤIDDŪN MAN: MALIK BENNABI’S CRITIQUE OF THE CONTEMPORARY MUSLIM SOCIETY." Journal of Islamic World and Politics 5, no. 1 (June 10, 2021): 55–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.18196/jiwp.v5i1.11446.
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This article is aimed at discussing the critical analysis of a Muslim thinker, Malik Bennabi, of the state of contemporary Muslim society. This discussion uses a descriptive-analytic approach with Bennabi's works as the primary source and other supporting works as secondary sources. Bennabi's definition of a society, especially its origin, basic elements, and its stages, is described in detail as a basis for understanding Bennabi's thoughts. then, the article discusses Bennabi's analysis and criticism of the current state of Muslim society. For him, the root of all the problems experienced by Muslim society today is an internal weakness or what he calls "colonisability". This situation, according to him, creates vulnerable individuals and societies to be "colonized" again. Bennabi referred to these individuals in Muslim society as “Post-Muwaḥḥiddūn man”, as a sign that internal weaknesses began to emerge in Muslim society after the Muwaḥḥid dynasty. Based on his explanation, it can be concluded that the current Muslim society is disoriented and has lost its identity. The author also concludes that Bennabi's approach and analysis are able to describe the current state of Muslim society and the root of the problems it is experiencing.
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Rufika Sari, Nurdin. "MISOGYNIST DI DALAM HADIS (TELAAH HADIS SUNAN TIRMIDZI DAN IBNU MAJAH, PEREMPUAN SUMBER FITNAH PALING BERBAHAYA)." Marwah: Jurnal Perempuan, Agama dan Jender 13, no. 2 (September 21, 2016): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.24014/marwah.v13i2.889.
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Today fighter for women’s rights increasingly critical in addressing every thing related to women. As has been known that the more criticism addressed to the traditions of the Prophet, the Prophet is accused of marginalizing the position of women in the presence of men, the Prophet accused of traditions that hatred of women (misogynist). One tradition that really should be dissected is the source of slander women narrated by Imam Nasa’iy and Ibn Majah. Speculation has grown in interpreting these traditions. As if women become mastermind in every error and problems on this earth. Based on this study proved the hadith Tirmidhi and Ibn Majah valid with narrators tsiqah and mutual acceptance and giving history and sanad and can be used as evidence. The purpose of this tradition is the spouse of women for men can be a test or trial for a man, when can be ignored on other obligations
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Schaeffer, John D. "The Dialectic of Orality and Literacy: The Case of Book 4 of Augustine's De doctrina christiana." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 111, no. 5 (October 1996): 1133–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/463155.
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Some critics cite book 4 of Augustine's De doctrina Christiana as a source of the anti-rhetorical style of Renaissance English prose. However, such critics do not recognize that book 4 offers instruction in extemporaneous oral performance. Nor do contemporary critics note Augustine's pervasive orality, though a substantial critical literature addresses this fact. The relation of orality to literacy was complex in late antiquity, particularly as illiterates converted to Christianity, a text-based religion. Augustine's prescriptions can be seen to illustrate the development of “innerness” among Christians. Book 4 shows how Scripture reading, prayer, and style can be marshaled to produce extemporaneous oral performances that provoke interior religious experiences. Modern criticism of book 4 that views oralily and literacy as simple opposites and that privileges literacy can lead to misreading. As a document imbricated in the complex relation of literacy and oralily, however, book 4 makes a different kind of sense.
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Zeichmann, Christopher B. "Papias as Rhetorician: Ekphrasis in the Bishop's Account of Judas' Death." New Testament Studies 56, no. 3 (May 28, 2010): 427–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0028688510000068.
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Despite this renewed attention, scholars have avoided situating their analyses of this pericope within the major debates about Papias' work. The question of whether Papias employed the methods of Greek rhetoric sits as the most relevant issue for this discussion. Though many scholars champion rhetorical readings of Papias, detractors contend that they overstate his ostensibly technical vocabulary (e.g., τάξις, συντάσσω, χρεία, διάλεκτος, ἑρμηνευτής in Frag. 2). They generally construe these as Papias' colloquial or historical characterizations of Gospel narratives. Whether and how Papias testifies to source-critical concerns for Synoptic studies—such as the Sayings Gospel Q, a proto-Matthew, and the oral transmission of Jesus' life—depends on their interpretation. Opposition primarily disputes the meaning of individual words in the context Papias provides them, so that his rhetorical forms and flourishes remain relatively unscathed from criticism. Papias' death of Judas has never figured into this discussion, but it nonetheless points in favor of a rhetorical backdrop.
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Mansyur, Mansyur. "Saranjana in Historical Record: The City's Invisibility in Pulau Laut, South Kalimantan." Yupa: Historical Studies Journal 2, no. 1 (January 14, 2020): 13–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.30872/yupa.v2i1.112.
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Saranjana is a mystical city that is a myth for the people of Pulau Laut, South Kalimantan. Rumours about this mysterious city became increasingly excited because its existence, but not recorded on the map of Indonesia. Therefore it is very interesting to examine from a historical point of view. The purpose of this paper is to uncover the historical side of the occult city suggestion on Pulau Laut. This study using the method of history is a method to test and analyze the critical records and relics of the past. The historical method consists of four stages, namely heuristics (data collection), source criticism, interpretation (interpreting facts) and historiography. The results show exist of Saranjana in a place between fact and myth. In conclusion, there are two hypotheses that the Saranjana is ethnic state Dayak Samihim tribe. Then the second hypothesis, that Saranjana is (only) the dream country of Prince Purabaya in the 18th century AD.
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Boitani, Giacomo. "Revisiting the past as a means of validation." Alphaville: Journal of Film and Screen Media, no. 2 (February 14, 2012): 47–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.33178/alpha.2.04.
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Many commedia all’italiana filmmakers have acknowledged the neorealist mode of production as a source of inspiration for their practice of pursuing social criticism in realistic and satirical comedies between 1958 and 1977. The detractors of the genre, however, have accused the commedia filmmakers of “diluting” the neorealist engagement to a simple description of the habits of Italians during the Economic Miracle, a description which threatened to encourage, through the casting of popular stars, the cynical attitude it sought to satirise. In this article, I shall discuss how two commedia all’italiana directors, namely Dino Risi and Ettore Scola, produced two significant commedie, respectively Una vita difficile (1961) and C’eravamo tanto amati (1974), which bridged the Resistance setting, associated with neorealism,and the Economic Miracle setting of most commedie all’italiana in order to reaffirm their neorealist roots, thus revisiting the past as a response to the critical underestimation from which their cinematic practice suffered.
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Radyshevsky, Rostyslav. "EUROCENTRISM AS A SOURCE OF YURIY KOSACH’S OUTLOOK." Polish Studies of Kyiv, no. 35 (2019): 297–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/psk.2019.35.297-303.
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The article «Eurocentrism as the source of Y. Kosach’s outlook» investigates the problem of Occident and Ori- ent in Y. Kosach’s literary-critical legacy. The concepts of «Europe» and «West» in the writer’s apprehension are considered in details. The conceptualization of epochs and historical figures in the context of culture, politics and history is traced. The main attention is paid to the problem of the affinity of Ukrainian and Western European cultures, the basis of which is the common feature – the synthesis of experiment and tradition, what matches Ukrainian nation as a European nation with the millennial state past. The problem of eternal connection of Ukraine with the West’s tradition is seen as the main axis around which Kosach concentrated all other problems. At the same time, attention is also focused on the unifying features of the Ukrainian writ- ers’ style, which Kosach distinguishes for analysis, meaning not the «form of content», but the «style of content». Similarly, in the close connection with the problem of the occidentality of Ukrainian culture, the problem of the «Ukrainian mission of the defense of Western Civilization» and the painful problems connected not only with Ukrainian history but also with the Ukrainian character, the Ukrainian way of thinking are considered. The author emphasizes that as a result of a poetic research, the artist created the myth-poetic conception of Ukrainian state existence, imagining Ukraine as «Imperium Ucrainum», «Third Rome», convinced that empires do not die, continuing to live in myths, capturing the thoughts of contemporaries, becoming a ground on which the former might and glory of the state are reviving. Аccording to Kosach, just writers perform the function of development and dissemination of national myths in society – repeatedly in the history of mankind the works of literature played the role of a vector of direction of public tastes. Thus, «Aeneid» by Virgil became the cornerstone of the imperial ideological concept by Octavian Augustus, and «An- dromaque» by Racine led the political ground for the legitimate rule of Louis XIV from the rulers of Troy. Much attention is paid to Kosach’s criticism of «Polish mythology» by A. Mickiewicz and H. Sienkievicz; dependence between «Polish mythology» and creation of own Kosach’s mythology is established in the literary essay «On the guard of the nation». The article emphasizes the relevance and far-sightedness of Y. Kosach’s views through the conception of such an old-new concept as «information warfare».
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Sarhan, Saad, Christine Pasquire, Emmanuel Manu, and Andrew King. "Contractual governance as a source of institutionalised waste in construction." International Journal of Managing Projects in Business 10, no. 3 (June 6, 2017): 550–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijmpb-07-2016-0058.
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Purpose The construction industry has been subject to substantial criticism for its short-term “hit-and-run” relationships which are focussed on win-lose situations. Despite the wide recognition of these problems the industry persistently resists the radical demanded of it. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is twofold. First, to investigate why this might be the case by reviewing the governance problem confronting clients and decision makers in construction procurement, as conceptualised in transaction cost economics (TCE). Second, to critically analyse and question the efficiency and effectiveness of various safeguarding approaches, which are taken for granted and commonly practiced in construction, from a lean perspective. Design/methodology/approach The analysis of this paper is based on an in-depth critical review of 76 construction procurement and contractual-related articles, ranging from 1994 to 2016, using theories of Lean construction and TCE as an analytical lens. Findings Findings reveal that clients and decision makers often tend to safeguard their project-specific assets, against opportunism and exploitation, through the deployment of formal contractual arrangements and governance structures. These arrangements and structures typically dominate the management of the project delivery often to the detriment of the project itself; but because there is a belief that interests are safeguarded, clients and decision makers feel they have taken the best course of action. This goes a long way to explaining the coherence of the current construction model. Research limitations/implications To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this paper is the first to demonstrate the usefulness of using principles of Lean construction in association with TCE when analysing construction-procurement-related issues. In particular, the use of a “lean” lens helps to expose the impact of procurement governance arrangements on process flow. The study also provides a potential research agenda that can lead to the development of prescriptive conceptual frameworks for causal analysis of institutionalised waste in construction. Practical implications The paper attempts to expose to clients and decision makers the amount of waste (and unnecessary cost) they embed by adhering to prevailing unfit-for-purpose contractual governance approaches. It also helps decision makers to consider alternative procurement arrangements and organisational techniques that could be of value and support collaborative ways of working. Originality/value The study contributes to the overall understanding of waste in construction by providing insight into various imperfect procurement and contractual arrangements, which are taken for granted and impede efficiency and improvement efforts in construction. The findings presented provide a theoretical anchor and rationale for developing alternative approaches to the design and delivery of capital projects.
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Andhifani, Wahyu Rizky, and Churmatin Nasoichah. "Naskah Kuno “Kaghas 1 Suku Semidang”: Sebuah Kajian Kritik Sumber." AMERTA 39, no. 1 (July 13, 2021): 65–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.24832/amt.v39i1.65-80.
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Abstract. Ancient Manuscript “Kaghas 1 Semidang Tribe”: A Critical Source Study. Inscriptions and ancient Ulu script are found in South Sumatra and since 2009 an inventory has been carried out. The condition of these local inscriptions and manuscripts is generally well preserved and treated specially in the storage process and is a hereditary legacy that must be preserved. These ancient inscriptions and manuscripts are still widely owned by the community because they contain instructions or life guidelines for their children and grandchildren. This ancient manuscript is made of halim tree bark in the shape of sheets that are folded in rectangles similar to an accordion or an ancient book. The problem to be resolved is a review of source criticism of the ancient manuscripts of the Kaghas 1 Semidang tribe. The goal to be achieved is to examine the text from the point of view of source criticism by using the analytical description method. The script used is the Ulu script using the Pagaralam or Pasemah dialect. This manuscript contains Islamic teachings related to local genius or assimilation between the teachings of Islam and the culture of the Pasemah area.
Abstrak. Prasasti dan naskah kuno beraksara Ulu sangat banyak ditemukan di wilayah Sumatra Selatan dan sejak tahun 2009 telah dilakukan inventarisasi. Kondisi prasasti dan naskah lokal tersebut secara umum terawat dan diperlakukan khusus dalam proses penyimpanannya dan merupakan warisan turun-menurun yang harus dijaga. Prasasti dan naskah kuno tersebut masih banyak dimiliki oleh masyarakat karena berisikan petunjuk atau pedoman hidup bagi anak cucu mereka. Naskah kuno ini terbuat dari kulit kayu pohon halim berbentuk lembaran yang dilipat-lipat segi empat mirip alat musik akordeon atau sebuah buku zaman dahulu. Permasalahan yang akan diselesaikan yaitu tinjauan kritik sumber terhadap naskah kuno kaghas 1 Suku Semidang. Tujuan yang hendak dicapai yaitu untuk menelaah naskah tersebut dari sudut pandang kritik sumber dengan menggunakan metode deskripsi analisis. Aksara yang digunakan adalah aksara Ulu dengan menggunakan bahasa Melayu dialek Pagaralam atau Pasemah. Naskah ini memuat ajaran Islam terkait dengan local genius atau asimilasi antara ajaran Agama Islam dan budaya daerah Pasemah.