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Elias, Maria Veronica. "Community: An Experience-Based Critique of the Concept." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1214500741.
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Demianyk, Bryan C. P. "Development of agent-based models for healthcare: applications and critique." IEEE, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/31049.
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Agent-based modeling (ABM) is a modeling and simulation paradigm well-suited to social systems where agents interact and have some degree of autonomy. In their most basic sense, ABMs consist of agents (generally, individuals) interacting in an environment according to a set of behavioural rules. The foundational premise and the conceptual depth of ABM is that simple rules of individual behaviour will aggregate to illuminate complex and/or emergent group-level phenomena that are not specifically encoded by the modeler and that cannot be predicted or explained by the agent-level rules. In essence, ABM has the potential to reveal a whole that is greater than the sum of its parts. In this thesis, ABMs have been utilized as a modeling framework for three specific healthcare applications, including:
• the development of an ABM of an emergency department within a hospital allowing the modeling of contact-based infectious diseases such as influenza, and simulating various mitigation strategies;
• the development of an ABM to model the effectiveness of a real-time location system (RTLS) using radio frequency identification (RFID) in an emergency department, used for patient tracking as one measure of hospital efficiency; and,
• the development of an ABM to test strategies for disaster preparedness (high volume, high risk patients) using a fictitious case of zombies in an emergency department.
Although each ABM was purposeful and meaningful for its custom application, each ABM also represented an iteration toward the development of a generic ABM framework. Finally, a thorough critique of ABMs and the modifications required to create a more robust framework are provided.February 2016
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COSTA, DEBORA MENDONCA CARDADOR CORREA DA. "A CRITIQUE OF TANGIBLE USER INTERFACE DESIGN BASED ON SEMIOTIC ENGINEERING." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2014. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=24035@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
PROGRAMA DE EXCELENCIA ACADEMICA
Com a incorporação de recursos computacionais aos elementos físicos, a computação evolui para a ubiquidade e está presente nos elementos do ambiente físico. Casas, móveis e objetos do dia-a-dia, isto é, o ambiente que nos cerca, são as novas interfaces com as quais as pessoas interagem para colaborar e se informar. Essas novas interfaces implicam em um novo paradigma de interação, ainda pouco conhecido e explorado, como é o caso das Interfaces Tangíveis (Tangible User Interfaces - TUIs), que usam artefatos físicos para representação e controle de informações digitais. Desenvolver Interfaces Tangíveis requer combinar o trabalho voltado para o concreto (forma) com a abstração característica do desenvolvimento de software (comportamento). Este trabalho propõe um método denominado Prototipação Colaborativa de Tangíveis Baseada na Engenharia Semiótica, que combina as abordagens de prototipação e da Engenharia Semiótica no projeto de interfaces tangíveis. Ao combinar estas abordagens, o método agrega os benefícios da experimentação continuada de forma estruturada proporcionada pela prototipação com as vantagens do foco na comunicabilidade da Engenharia Semiótica no projeto de tangíveis. Um estudo de caso é conduzido a fim de investigar a contribuição do método proposto para incorporação da perspectiva da Engenharia Semiótica ao projeto de interfaces tangíveis.
With the embedding of computing resources into physical elements, computing is moving toward ubiquity (or pervasiveness) and is present throughout the physical environment. Homes, furniture, and everyday life objects are the interfaces with which people now interact. Such new interfaces harbinger a new interaction paradigm that is little known and exploited to date, such as Tangible User Interfaces (TUIs) that use physical artefacts for representing and manipulating digital information. Developing TUIs means acknowledging both concrete (form) and abstract (behavior) aspects of an interface. This work proposes a method called Collaborative Tangible Prototyping Based on Semiotics Engineering that combines prototyping and Semiotic Engineering approaches to tangible interfaces design. By combining these approaches, the method brings together the benefits of continued structured experimentation provided by prototyping with the advantages of a focus on communicability from Semiotic Engineering for designing tangibles. A case study is conducted to investigate whether the proposed method contributes to incorporate the Semiotic Engineering perspective in the design of tangible user interfaces.
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Tyus, David S. "A case-based critique of the Industry Foundation Classes for building commissioning." [Gainesville, Fla.]: University of Florida, 2003. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0000810.
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Rutkiewicz, Malgorzata Ewa. "Towards a human rights-based contraceptive policy, a critique of anti-sterilisation law in Poland." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ54067.pdf.
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Bologna, Sarah. "Nature and power : a critique of 'people-based conservation' at South Africa's Madikwe Game Reserve." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/3637.
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Burke, Adam. "An ethnographically-based critique of sustainable tourism and cruise-boat eco-tourism practices in Galápagos, Ecuador." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/14074.
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Includes bibliographical references.Variations in people's notions of sustainability, eco-tourism, and the intersections between the two, calls fora critical assessment of sustainable eco-tourism practices. This is particularly the case in Galápagos, Ecuador, where there has been a recent upsurge in the numbers of eco-tourist visitors and in demand to develop sustainable eco-tourism as also to deal with the social consequences its practices have on people living in the archipelago. My dissertation fieldwork was conducted aboard one of the many catamarans in Galápagos providing eco-tourism opportunities and among terrestrial and marine entry points to the archipelago it visited. My data support an argument that Galapagueños' (Galápagos residents') dependency on eco-tourism has produced both social divides amongst them and changes in their ideas about nature and how to relate to it.
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Destrempes-Stein, Michelle. "A critique of the protestant secondary one religion programme for Quebec, based on a study of religious maturing /." Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=60026.
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The evolution of the religious phenomenon can be organized into five overlapping historico-religious stages based on an analysis of concrete verifiable achievements. It delineates the religious and educational paradigms of each societal evolutionary stage as it considers that what applies to a society as a whole applies also to its education. Education plays an important role in the evolution of the world, and is directly affected by the changes of the image which human beings have of themselves. Religious maturing does not only take place in society but is also an integral part of any individual process of human development. The analysis of the various stages of personal religious development shows the inclusive nature of the religious development in any human educational enterprise. The study of the societal and individual process of religious maturing with the analysis of the contemporary tapestry of education and religious education stand as the various elements needed to formulate a critique of the current Quebec's secondary one Protestant moral and religious education curriculum. The significant role of teachers as active and necessary agents of pupils' maturing process emerges from the evaluation of the present curriculum.
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Molloy, Stephen. "A critique of interpretations of Max Weber's 'Confucianism and Taoism' and an explication based on sociological and sinological contexts." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.329294.
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MacIntyre, Duncan. "Images of Germany : a theory-based approach to the classification, analysis, and critique of British attitudes towards Germany, 1890-1940." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1990. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/38981/.
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The thesis attempts to set sources broadly representative of the range of British attitudes to Germany and the Germans - from Spender, Low, Maxse and Dillon, to Bowse, Namier, Vansittart, Gollancz and Barraclough in a framework informed by multidisciplinary theory. There are five main themes: the classification of attitudes; the analysis of content; the identification of a relatively constant British self-image; the potential for attitudinal dilemmas and cognitive dissonance inherent in that self-image; national character as a concept and as a descriptor. Although dealt with in this order the themes interrelate. For example, the first phase of content analysis [chapters 4 to 8], where the emphasis is on the way in which sources differ, anticipates the discussion in chapter 10 of the differences in their approaches to the modal distribution of cultural and individual characteristics in Germany; the classificatory model proposed as an alternative to the Idealist-Realist dichotomy in chapter 2 [and 'tested' in a brief case study in chapter 3] is consistent with the definition of the self-image and facilitates discussion on cognitive dissonance. It is proposed that a classificatory system based on an Idealist-Realist dichotomy with respective pro and anti-German sub-sets does not adequately highlight the nuances and ambiguities which often informed group or individual attitudes toward Germany. It is argued that such a system cannot readily deal with the views of realists who were ideologically neutral [i. e. not ideologically anti-German] in their definition of Germany as the enemy, of idealists who were ideologically opposed to Germany, or of others who were equivocal. An alternative model is offered in the form of partially congruent parallel continuums of competition and cooperation, travelling in opposite directions in relation to respective minimum and maximum positions. In chapters 4 to 8 the content analysis of sources focuses on their different perceptions of Germany and the Germans: whether they made distinctions between Germans - and what form such distinctions took - or regarded them as 'all of a kind.' It is argued that underlying expressed attitudes to Germany and the Germans from the British side was a notion of self, incorporating two main components: a pragmatic component defining Britain as a material competitor in a competitive world, and an ideological component defining a package of traits and values associated with the cultural condition 'being British. ' The ideological component of the self-image was commonly validated and served as an assessment instrument for making judgements on Germans. It is argued that the intellectual and psychological need to maintain a consistent relationship between expressed attitudes and declared values, particularly when the values were central to the self-image, led to the use of dissonance reducing mechanisms. The ways in which one national culture may reasonably be said to differ from another, and the methodological requirements for tenable cross-cultural analysis, are explored through critical consideration of the concept 'national character.' A theoretical framework is devised for the critical analysis of the views presented by the sources on the national character of the Germans. This framework relates their perception of modal structure [unimodal, bimodal, multimodal] to their level of commitment - positive or negative - to propositions on cultural homogeneity, differential sharing, the causal autonomy of situational factors, the significance of international cultural influences, the innate nature of characteristics, and concern for methodological rigour. An image of the configurations and features in the German cultural profile is formulated. Recognition of the partial and provisional nature of this image, and discussion of what it omits and lacks in terms of texture, is used to demonstrate the deficiencies of the Schwarzweissmalerei approach to Germany and the Germans.
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Furlong, Patrick Jonathan. "The Mixed Marriages Act (1949) : a theological critique based on the investigation of legislative action and church responses to this legislation." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/17013.
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Bibliography: pages 208-228.The thesis is concerned with the nature of the interaction between church and state, and more generally between politics and religion, in the matter of so-called mixed marriages, and more particularly the debate surrounding the South African Mixed Marriages Act of 1949. The methodology of the study is interdisciplinary, dealing in detail with historical material as a basis for theological reflection and analysis. In the first chapter, marriage is dealt with generally from a theological viewpoint. Various approaches to marriage are considered, such as those in African society, the Bible, and in the Catholic and Reformation traditions. In contrast with the fertility-lineage, group-oriented ethic detected in the early part of the Old Testament and in many preliterate and patriarchal societies, a personalist and essentially 'sacramental' model of marriage is developed on the basis of New Testament teaching and later Christian theological reflection. The effects of a fertility-lineage and group-oriented ethic of marriage in South Africa are demonstrated in chapter two, which deals with the drive for anti-miscegenation laws in that country, with special reference to the role of the Afrikaans Reformed churches in this regard. The third chapter takes up this historical material, examining the nature of the initial debate on the Mixed Marriages Act in 1949-1950 and the aims of the Nationalist Government in introducing this legislation. The contrasting responses to the Act on the part of the Afrikaans Reformed churches and the more 'liberal', non-racial, mainly English-speaking churches are also considered here. In the fourth chapter the developments in the debate surrounding the Act since 1949 are discussed, with special reference to key points in the changing attitudes of the churches (especially the Afrikaans Reformed churches) to this legislation. This provides the background to the heated debate since the mid-seventies, when the Government began to show apparent signs of favouring a reformulation of apartheid which purportedly aimed at eliminating the most obviously racially biased aspects of that policy. The final chapter examines the theological assumptions of Afrikaans Reformed thought, and attempts to show how its roots in a particular view of Calvinism, Kuyperian Neo-Calvinism and the Bible result in the kind of fertility-lineage ethic which makes support for the Act possible. An effort is made to show the theological inadequacies of this thought from a Christian perspective, and to suggest an alternative, more dynamic theology, which recognizes the importance of individual choice and human rights. The impediments to such a fundamental reorientation are recognised, however, and it is argued that any major changes in position on the miscegenation laws on the part of either reformist government politicians or the Afrikaans Reformed churches in the near future will face major resistance.
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Bushelli, Noah Forest. "The healing ministry of the word a critique of Metropolitan Hierotheos Vlachos' therapeutic ecclesiology based on St. John Chrysostom's homily on the Good Samaritan /." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2004. http://www.tren.com.
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Frisk, Irina. "A Linguistic Analysis of Peer-review Critique in Four Modes of Computer-mediated Communication." Doctoral thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för humaniora, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-26741.
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Abstract The present work is a quantitative and qualitative analysis of pragmatic strategies for delivering critique, and types of politeness, used by undergraduate L2 students of English at different stages of peer-review discussion. The material examined consists of four corpora of authentic conversations between students, the main purpose of which was to give feedback on each other’s contributions during an English A-level course, at Mid-Sweden University. The conversations explored were carried out electronically, and represent four different online environments, or modes of computer-mediated communication (CMC). The material from the two asynchronous modes of CMC is comprised of L2 students’ written discussion board messages and spoken posts recorded using online software. The two synchronous environments under investigation are text-based and voice-based chat. Taking Brown and Levinson’s (1987) framework of politeness as a point of departure, the present study uses a combination of corpus and conversation analytical methods. The basic unit of analysis has been defined as the shortest message of peer-review critique that constitutes a thematic unit: these have been examined in terms of their content and politeness features associated with them, and analyzed in terms of the pragmatic strategy and type of politeness adopted. The types of pragmatic strategies or message organization patterns at different stages, i.e. initial versus subsequent feedback, of the peer-review discussion have also been analyzed. The results of the study show that the pragmatic strategies aimed at praise and agreement prevail in the corpus data produced by predominantly native speakers of Swedish. Even though the pragmatic strategies used for disagreement and negative evaluation are rich in propositional content, their occurrences and distribution vary across the four modes of CMC examined. These results seem to have wider implications in the context of online L2 learning activities, providing insights about the language of peer-review critique in a Swedish academic setting. Keywords: computer-mediated communication (CMC), Conversation Analysis (CA), conversation management, discussion boards, feedback category, mode of CMC, peer-review discussion, politeness theory, pragmatic strategy, speech act of critique, text-based chat, type of politeness, voice-based chat, VoiceThread
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Priestley, David. "A qualitative exploration of lifestyle oriented and non-performance based experiences of professional English county cricketers : a critique of existing support structures and practitioner support roles." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2008. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/5863/.
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Clench, Renate. "Howard Gardner's multiple intelligences theory, outcomes-based education and curriculum implementation in South Africa : a critique of music education in the general education and training phase." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1218.
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This study examines the current curriculum for primary schools in South Africa – Curriculum 2005 (C2005) and the subsequent Revised National Curriculum Statement (RNCS), with Outcomes-Based Education (OBE) as its fundamental educational approach - with specific reference to the place of music education in it. While the underlying principles and scope of this curriculum has many positive attributes, numerous studies have shown that there are still major stumbling blocks in the way of its successful implementation. Since the emphasis of the Arts and Culture Learning Area is on the nurturing of generic values and attitudes towards culture, it does not provide for sufficient development of subject-specific musical skills and knowledge. Instead this vital form of musical learning continues to be provided in the form of extra-curricular music programmes by those few schools who have the staff expertise and the funding to do so. Music therefore remains accessible only to the privileged few. .Although C2005 encourages and requires significant levels of integration in Learning Outcomes and Assessment Standards within and across Learning Areas, this is currently one of the least successful aspects of its implementation. This lack of success, it is argued, is in part the result of severe limitations in the training of teachers and the availability of necessary resources in schools, and in part the result of the curriculum’s own limited interpretation of integration. Psychologist Dr Howard Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences is a holistic approach to education that stresses, amongst other things, that Musical Intelligence is one of eight vital forms of intelligence that should be accessible to all children. It is argued that educational approaches based on Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences Theory provide some insights into the integration of Musical Intelligence with other forms of learning that may usefully be applied in C2005.
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Chimbombi, Ame Rebecca. "The possibility of base erosion and profit shifting through special economic zones: A critique of the South African and Kenyan SEZ regimes based on BEPS action 5." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/23787.
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The OECD/G20's Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) Project has been described as the most significant international tax initiative post the 2008/2009 global economic crisis. BEPS speaks to companies engaging in aggressive tax planning strategies that exploit loopholes in tax systems to make profits 'disappear' or shift them to tax jurisdictions with little or no overall corporate tax. The BEPS Project has fifteen Actions targeting various formations, computations and permutations that could potentially give rise to BEPS. BEPS Action 5 is entitled "Countering Harmful Tax Practices More Effectively Taking into Account Transparency and Substance" and is of central importance to this minor dissertation. Special Economic Zones (SEZs) are a creature of international trade law that refers to spatially delimited areas within an economy afforded favourable administrative, regulatory and fiscal benefits when compared to the rest of the economy. The term SEZ is used as an 'umbrella' or 'label' encompassing various types of spatially delimited areas with favourable conditions. Examples of SEZs are Free Trade Zones (FTZs) and Export Processing Zones (EPZs). Although this minor-dissertation focuses mainly on tax benefits associated with SEZs, SEZs usually encompasses a wider range of benefits to the companies they host. Such other benefits could include a one-stop shop for setting up and processing work permits. This minor-dissertation examines whether South Africa and Kenya's SEZs create conducive environments for harmful tax practices in light of and as described in BEPS Action 5.
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Feigenbaum, Adina Tova. "Social Media as a Means of Promoting Peer-Based Learning in Design Education." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1365071166.
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Pollard, S. (Sharon). "Defining flows to protect instream biota : a critique of the instream flow incremental methodology and the development of a hierarchical habitat-based approach, using the pennant-tailed catlet, Chiloglanis anoterus in the Marite River, South Africa." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6160.
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Bibliography: leaves 249-279.This thesis focusses on two approaches to determining Instream Flow Requirements (IFR) for regulated rivers, specifically in the sub-tropical eastern region of South Afiica using a flow-sensitive fish species, the pennant-tailed catlett 07iloglanis anoterus. In response to the diminishing and altered flow regimes of rivers, and the ecological consequences, a range of methodologies has evolved that attempt to quantify IFRs for rivers. One group of methods that attempts to do this are known as habitat-assessment approaches. They focus specifically on understanding how changes in river flow affect the quantity of physical instream habitat. The most widely used of these is the Instream Flow Incremental Methodology (lAM) and it's associated computer packages, PHABSIM II. More recently, South Africa has also turned its attention of ways to defining IFRs. Given lAM's prominence internationally, it was considered as one potential methodology. Nonetheless, its applicability to local conditions required testing. At the same time, the easterly-flowing rivers were under increasing development pressure, providing a particular immediacy to find appropriate means to define IFRs. Thus, my research was designed to assess the downstream effects of the Injaka Dam on the physical habitat of a flow-sensitive fish species of the Marite River. Specifically, it aimed to test the local applicability of lAM, based on the microhabitat requirements of C anoterus, and to explore an alternative approach if it were found to be unsuitable. Microhabitat is described on the basis of three hydraulic variables: depth, velocity and Channel Index (substratum and cover).
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Moon, Joan Lucille. "Effect of a Computer-based Multimedia Educational Module on Knowledge of the Menstrual Cycle." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1193691367.
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Marçais, Jean. "Variabilités des temps de résidence de l’eau et du débit dans les rivières et les nappes phréatiques : implications sur la qualité de l’eau : inférence, modélisation et prédiction des temps de transit de l’eau dans les bassins versants." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN1B025/document.
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Le transport de contaminants, l’altération des roches ainsi que les grands cycles biogéochimiques sont contrôlés par les temps de séjour de l’eau. Ces temps de séjour représentent le temps de transit durant lequel l’eau « voyage » dans un bassin versant. Contraindre ces temps de transit est donc un enjeu essentiel pour quantifier l’impact de l’homme sur la qualité de l’eau en rivières et dans les aquifères et pour évaluer la résilience des écosystèmes aquatiques continentaux. Cependant, les rivières comme les nappes phréatiques sont constituées d’un mélange d’eau de différents âges (une distribution des temps de transit ou des temps de résidence) qui varie avec le temps, en fonction des aléas météorologiques et climatiques, rendant difficile leur caractérisation ainsi que leur prédiction. Dans cette thèse, nous inférons ces temps de résidence à l’aide de traceurs géochimiques et de modèles guidés par les données. Nous montrons comment cette connaissance permet de quantifier l’altération des roches cristallines. Nous développons ensuite un cadre original de modélisation à base physique, capable de représenter la variabilité saisonnière et interannuelle des débits et des temps de transit mesurés en rivière. Nous montrons comment le processus de battements de nappes et son interaction avec les couches perméables du sol mène à la génération d’un ruissellement qui explique les fluctuations saisonnières de qualité de l’eau en rivières, traduites par des mesures de silice dissoute. Enfin, nous esquissons un cadre général de représentation de la réactivité à l’échelle du versant capable de rendre compte des processus biogéochimiques. En effet, représenter la dégradation des éléments réactifs (oxygène, nitrates, carbone) permettra d’évaluer les mesures de réduction d’intrants agricoles, de prédire l’évolution long terme de ces solutés en rivières, et donc leur potentiel d’eutrophisation ainsi que d’évaluer des mesures pour réconcilier agriculture et environnement. Cette réactivité apparaît comme le dernier maillon manquant pour comprendre, mesurer et prédire, les impacts anthropiques sur la zone critiqueGroundwater travel time controls contaminant transport, weathering processes and biogeochemical cycles. Groundwater travel time is a fundamental descriptor characterizing the transit time of water inside the catchment, from precipitation events to the streams. Quantifying these transit times is pivotal to predict the impact of anthropogenic pressure and assess freshwater ecosystems resilience. However, streamwater and groundwater are a mixture of water of different ages (the transit time and the residence time distribution), which vary according to climatic forcings. This makes difficult its characterization and prediction. Here we infer residence times with geochemical tracers and data-driven models. We show how this can be constrained by silicate weathering at the catchment scale. We then develop a novel process-based framework, which can model discharge and transit time seasonal and interannual variabilities. We identify water table fluctuations, its interaction with permeable soil layers and the resulting subsurface stormflow generation as a key process for seasonal water quality variations described by dissolved silica measurements. Finally, we draw a reactivity framework to represent biogeochemical processes. Indeed, evaluating reactive solute degradation is needed to assess the efficiency of reducing fertilizer loads, to predict the long term evolution of in stream solute concentrations and the eutrophication potential of freshwater bodies. Modeling the reactivity at the catchment scale is the missing link to understand, quantify and predict the effect of anthropogenic pressure on the critical zone
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Small, Rosalie. "Conversations about values in education in South Africa 2000 to 2005: A theoretical investigation." University of the Western Cape, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/8468.
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Philosophiae Doctor - PhDThe 'conversations' under investigation have all been initiated by the National Department of Education (DoE) and are identified in this thesis as the following: the Values Report (2000); Opening Pathways (2002), the Manifesto (2001); and the Baseline Report (2004). During 2000 the Minister of Education, who recognised the need for public discussion on values in education, appointed a working group to produce a document on values in education, namely the Values Report. That report proposed six values to be nurtured in schools. The DoE invited public comment on the Values Report and these comments were taken into account when a conference on values in education was held during February 2001, namely the Saamtrek Conference. Meanwhile, the DoE commissioned school-based research during 2000. The purpose of the research was to establish what meanings school communities assigned to the values that were proposed in the Values Report. The research findings were published in 2002, but an interim report, Opening Pathways, was published during 2001, and informed discussions at the Saamtrek Conference. The Manifesto was published later during 2001, and proposed ten values to be nurtured in schools. It also proposed sixteen educational strategies that could be employed to nurture these values. During 2004 the DoE again commissioned school-based research, the baseline research, which culminated in the Baseline Report. The purpose of the baseline research was to establish what were the perceptions and practices of school communities in respect of values and human rights. There was vigorous engagement with the issue of values in education during the first few years of the 21st century. During 2002 the DoE launched a Values in Education Programme of Action in order to promote the nurturing of values in education. One of the initiatives of this programme was the introduction of an Advanced Certificate in Education (ACE) programme aimed at practising teachers. This was the ACE: Integrating values and human rights across the curriculum, which was funded by the DoE, and offered at various institutions of Higher Education from July 2003 to June 2005. There was less vigorous engagement with the issue of values in education after 2004, when a new Minister of Education was appointed. An example of less vigorous engagement with values in education is the following: the ACE on values and human rights was not state-funded beyond 2005. It is against this background that I engaged with the mentioned conversations about values in education. My interest in conversations about values in education arose out of my involvement, from 2003 to 2005, with the ACE programme on values and human rights which was offered by the University of the Western Cape. My thesis format differs from the majority of theses in this country since my research was entirely text-based, thus devoid of fieldwork. This thesis corresponds to what I have identified as a topic-based format. Each chapter, with the exclusion of the .introductory, research methodology and conclusions and recommendations chapters, investigates a specific topic that forms part of the conversations about values in education. My research data consisted of conversations about values in education as captured in the documents mentioned above, namely the Values Report. Opening Pathways, the Manifesto and the Baseline Report. My thesis does not have a separate literature review chapter. Neither does it have a chapter in which research findings are presented, analysed and discussed. Separate chapters on a review of the literature and on presentation, analysis and discussion of research findings are usually features of a thesis which relies for its data on fieldwork. However, a review of the literature and research findings are infused in five of the eight chapters that comprise this thesis. I made use of relevant literature in order to interrogate DoE conversations about values in education. That interrogation led me to arrive at research findings in respect of DoE conversations about values in education. My research methodology was located within a qualitative research paradigm, with an interpretive metatheoretical approach. I identified my research design as philosophy as social practice, and my research method as philosophical investigation. I undertook an investigation of the grammar of these conversations about values in education, that is, an investigation of the arguments provided by the DoE for claims made in respect of values in education. That investigation included the following: a clarification of assumptions underpinning DoE arguments; uncovering of DoE conceptions about the goals and purposes of schooling; establishing the extent of continuity amongst DoE conversations; highlighting the extent of conceptual clarity in DoE conversation; and exploring what meanings are assigned by the DoE to value concepts. The investigation of the grammar of the relevant DoE conversations illuminated DoE engagement with the following concepts: 'values', 'character', 'morality', 'conversation', 'education', 'inquiry', 'schooling', 'ethics', 'citizenship' and 'whole school'. In the process of this investigation I developed a conceptual framework for thinking about values in education, engaged with the notion of developing shared understandings in respect of values in education, drew attention to inquiry as a type of conversation that is conceptually linked to education, and investigated the notion of deliberation as a way of nurturing values in education.
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Hamm, Breanna H. "Today's Learners: Applying Gaming Elements to Enhance Student Engagement in a University Visual Communication Course." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1308576036.
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Pinkowski, Jacqueline Carol. "Educating Nurses How to Critique Research Reports." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3628.
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When bedside acute care nurses support their clinical practice with current best evidence, patient outcomes improve. Most bedside acute care nurses base their clinical decision-making on tradition and not the application of evidence based practice (EBP). The ability to appraise research is a critical component in the application of EBP and best care practices. The purpose of the DNP project was to obtain 5 content experts' evaluations of an education module for bedside nurses on how to analyze a research report, complete a literature review, and create a table of evidence (TOE). The theoretical framework guiding the project was the Advancing Research and Clinical Practice through Close Collaboration (ARCC) Model, which supports the integration of research in clinical practice. The content experts provided qualitative, summative evaluations to strengthen the content. Recommendations included adding information to the content of the module that would identify the differences in analyzing quantitative and qualitative research, providing more information related to the 51 criteria of the RAC used to guide nurses when analyzing a research article, and providing a script and talking points to assist other facilitators when implementing the module. A final suggestion by the experts included presenting the EBP module in two parts: part 1, how to analyze an article and part 2, how to pool the data. The project has the potential to improve nurses' knowledge and the application of evidence based practice to enhance social change through improved clinical outcomes for patients.
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Artero, Paola. "The Chronicles of Narnia de C. S. Lewis : idéologie(s) et point(s) de vue dans les traductions françaises." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MON30063/document.
Full textAbstract:
The Chronicles of Narnia (1950-1956) est un célèbre recueil de sept romans, traditionnellement reconnus comme des œuvres de littérature de jeunesse et à l’origine du genre fantasy. L’un des intérêts majeurs de ces livres réside dans leur substrat symbolique, exprimé dans le texte par un double niveau de lecture qui évoque la tradition chrétienne. Notre thèse consiste en l’analyse d’un corpus incluant les originaux en anglais et les traductions françaises, publiées sous le titre de Le Monde de Narnia (2005)Sous l’égide de la traductologie de corpus (Corpus-based Translation Studies) et par une démarche interdisciplinaire empruntant des outils à la pragmatique, à l’analyse critique du discours (Critical Discourse Analysis, CDA) et à la narratologie, notre étude vise à mettre en évidence les marqueurs du point de vue idéologique, à travers une analyse semi-automatique, qualitative et quantitative. Parmi ces marqueurs sont notamment analysés les déictiques, la modalité, la transitivité, les choix lexicaux et la prosodie sémantique. Les parties du discours correspondant à ces marqueurs sont analysées notamment en lien avec l’instance du narrateur, de par son rôle clé pour l’idéologie dans le texte, et de régie dans la focalisation. Notre analyse porte une attention particulière à la dimension du sacré et aux thèmes de la violence, de la mort et du genre en traduction de littérature de jeunesse.La littérature de jeunesse, toujours plus ou moins caractérisée par un but éducatif, tout comme les livres qui constituent notre corpus, s’avère un véhicule axiologique puissant, qui reflète les valeurs qu’une société défend et transmet à un moment donné. L’instance du narrateur est au cœur de cette négociation entre systèmes linguistiques, culturels et axiologiques, qui s’exprime dans une dynamique dialogique impliquant tous les acteurs de la chaîne du livre. Notre travail a montré notamment que les traductions françaises ont tendance à affaiblir le message religieux, éloignant le regard du lecteur ou rendant flous les contours de l’espace. Dans l’ensemble, l’idéologie du texte cible est caractérisée par un certain nombre d’écarts par rapport au texte source et met en avant d’autres valeurs, pourtant présentes, elles aussi, dans l’original.Ce travail de recherche montre une méthode permettant d’aborder le texte dans le but d’une meilleure compréhension des enjeux qui sous-tendent la traduction, et en particulier la traduction de l’idéologie et du point de vue dans les livres pour enfantsThe Chronicles of Narnia (1950-1956) is a well-known collection of seven novels, usually seen as belonging to the genre of Children’s literature and Fantasy. One of the main characteristics of the novels lies in their symbolic dimension, which evokes the Christian tradition and is expressed in the text through a second layer of meaning. Our thesis involves the analysis of a corpus including the English originals of The Chronicles of Narnia and their respective French translations, entitled Le Monde de Narnia (2005).The study draws on corpus-based translation studies and uses an interdisciplinary approach, in particular pragmatics, Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) and narratology. Through a combination of qualitative analysis and semi-automatic, quantitative analysis, it explores the ways in which a number of markers of ideological point of view are used in the translations by comparison with the initial texts. The main markers which make the object of discussion are: deictics, modality, transitivity, lexical choice and semantic prosody. The discourse features related to these markers are analysed with respect to the narrative instance of the narrator, which has a key role in conveying the ideology of the text and which controls the focalization process. Our analysis draws particular attention to the sacred dimension in the texts, as well as to the themes of violence, death and gender in children’s literature.Children’s literature is usually characterised by an educational goal, and the Narnia books prove to be a powerful means to convey values within society, at a given moment in time. The narrator is at the centre of a negotiation between two linguistic, cultural and axiological systems. This negotiation is expressed by a dialogical dynamics involving all the actors taking part in the publication process. Our research reveals that the French translations tend to weaken the religious message of the original texts, distancing the reader or blurring space boundaries. Moreover, the ideology in the target texts is characterised by a number of discrepancies by comparison with the source texts; different values are given prominence, among those already present in the Narnia books.Using a method of analysis of translated texts, the thesis brings a contribution to the understanding of the challenges a translator may face when confronted with the task of translating ideology and point of view in books for children
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Sim, Patrick Puay-I. "A Sociocultural Investigation of Learning and Transition in SFEC." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-14905.
Full textAbstract:
With the advent of globalisation driving the People.s Republic of China to embrace its future, the local government has shown great enthusiasm promulgating one of the oldest industries. Foreign higher educational providers that operate in China through the mode of joint venture cooperatives between a Chinese and foreign institution of higher learning are becoming increasingly .knowledgeable-hungry. public or private universities and colleges. Such operations commonly known as Sino-foreign educational cooperatives
(SFEC), are hotly spawned on the mainland, enrolling Chinese students through the division of responsibilities, roles and resources. The Chinese party is mostly responsible for the hardware support, supplying facilities and logistics as the part of the bargain, whereas the foreign party provides the intellectual software of academic programs. The locus of this qualitative study aims to present and investigate a distinct phenomenon of learning in SFEC through the theories of sociocultural perspective encumbered in a transitional context; Sino-foreign (SF) graduates to other workplace communities. Without common interests of social interaction, co-participation, and transformation, SFEC are often discredited due to various factors. The learning aims will feature participative and transformative themes that feature qualitative and interpretive methods. Thus, this research involves interviewing four relevant participants from the likes of two Chinese nationals and two non-Chinese, and how they view learning in SFEC applied to a transitional context, the workplace. My furtherance of analysis will generally stress learning, co-participation and transformative learning in activities that circumvents discriminatory elements of artifacts, identity profiling, relationships, commitment and workplace employment for the necessary transition. In the initial research phase, it did seem that putting learning into community practice in China was essential. In the closing stages, thoughts will flow to the legitimisation of participative and transformative learning, which forms the backdrop of this original theme of research gathered through previous works of similar purview. Prawatt and Floden (1994) remark that knowledge, and the belief that knowledge is the result of social interaction and language usage, and thus is a shared, rather than an individual, experience. Presumably, my chosen theories frame the interactive and shared communal nature of the Chinese society and learning systems.
na
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Holm, Cyril. "F. A. Hayek's Critique of Legislation." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-236890.
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The dissertation concerns F. A. Hayek’s (1899–1992) critique of legislation. The purpose of the investigation is to clarify and assess that critique. I argue that there is in Hayek’s work a critique of legislation that is distinct from his well-known critique of social planning. Further that the main claim of this critique is what I refer to as Hayek’s legislation tenet, namely that legislation that aims to achieve specific aggregate results in complex orders of society will decrease the welfare level. The legislation tenet gains support; (i) from the welfare claim – according to which there is a positive correlation between the utilization of knowledge and the welfare level in society; (ii) from the dispersal of knowledge thesis – according to which the total knowledge of society is dispersed and not available to any one agency; and (iii) from the cultural evolution thesis – according to which evolutionary rules are more favorable to the utilization of knowledge in social cooperation than are legislative rules. More specifically, I argue that these form two lines of argument in support of the legislation tenet. One line of argument is based on the conjunction of the welfare claim and the dispersal of knowledge thesis. I argue that this line of argument is true. The other line of argument is based on the conjunction of the welfare claim and the cultural evolution thesis. I argue that this line of argument is false, mainly because the empirical work of political scientist Elinor Ostrom refutes it. Because the two lines of argument support the legislation tenet independently of each other, I argue that Hayek’s critique of legislation is true. In this dissertation, I further develop a legislative policy tool as based on the welfare claim and Hayek’s conception of coercion. I also consider Hayek’s idea that rules and law are instrumental in forging rational individual action and rational social orders, and turn to review this idea in light of the work of experimental economist Vernon Smith and economic historian Avner Greif. I find that Smith and Greif support this idea of Hayek’s, and I conjecture that it contributes to our understanding of Adam Smith’s notion of the invisible hand: It is rules – not an invisible hand – that prompt subjects to align individual and aggregate rationality in social interaction. Finally, I argue that Hayek’s critique is essentially utilitarian, as it is concerned with the negative welfare consequences of certain forms of legislation. And although it may appear that the dispersal of knowledge thesis will undermine the possibility of carrying out the utilitarian calculus, due to the lack of knowledge of the consequences of one’s actions – and therefore undermine the legislation tenet itself – I argue that the distinction between utilitarianism conceived as a method of deliberation and utilitarianism conceived as a criterion of correctness may be used to save Hayek’s critique from this objection.
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Le, Boulba Pauline. "les bords de l’œuvre : réceptions performées & critiques affectées en danse." Thesis, Paris 8, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA080011.
Full textAbstract:
Cette recherche-création s’est déployée autour d’une réflexion sur la réception en danse et sur les modes de partage de celle-ci. Prenant à rebrousse-poil une histoire de la critique de danse qui juge et évalue, j’ai tenté de privilégier des démarches qui viennent perturber, troubler et brouiller les frontières entre création et réception. La première partie de ce travail consiste à trois analyses d’œuvres chorégraphiques : Une hypothèse de réinterprétation de Rita Quaglia (2009), histoire(s) d’Olga de Soto (2004) et enfin Admiring la Argentina de Kazuo Ôno (1977). Ces trois pièces révèlent trois manières de regarder des œuvres, trois manières de parler des/aux œuvres, trois manières de répondre à une danse en dansant. Les trois œuvres analysées en première partie se distinguent par l’importance qu’elles accordent à la subjectivité comme vectrice de savoirs (perceptifs et cognitifs). Ainsi, à la « réception performée » s’ajoute le terme de « critique affectée » pour compléter ma réflexion. Celle-ci désigne autant le caractère subjectif au sein des objets étudiés, que ma manière d’être à mon tour touchée et prise par les objets et personnes que j’ai observé·e·s ces dernières années. La critique affectée concerne également les parcours de deux critiques de danse — Laurence Louppe (1938-2012) et Jill Johnston (1929-2010) — qui constituent le centre d’attention de ma deuxième partie. À travers leurs pratiques critiques distinctes, il m’importe de questionner un héritage dont je souhaite me défaire ou au contraire que je désire faire mien. Cette recherche a été une progressive mise en abyme de mon regard de spectatrice et de différents modes de travail en tant qu’artiste-chercheure. Elle rend compte d’une multiplicité de formats — journal de bord, fragments critiques, analyses d’œuvres et analyses de pratiques, matériaux de performance — comme autant de points de vue sur une œuvre. À ce travail écrit, s’ajoute un temps performatif lors de la soutenanceThis practice-based research developed from questioning reception of dance and manners of sharing this experience. In venturing countercurrent to a history of dance criticism which bears judgment and makes assessments, I attempted to favor initiatives which disrupt, disturb and blur the borderlines that settle between creativity and reception. The first chapter of this research focuses on the analysis of three choreographic works: Une hypothèse de réinterprétation by Rita Quaglia (2009), histoire(s) by Olga de Soto (2004) and Admiring La Argentina by Kazuo Ohno (1977). Each of these pieces offer three different perceptions of artworks, three ways of speaking about/with artworks, three ways of answering to dance by dancing. The three works analyzed in the first chapter are characterized by the importance they grant to subjectivity as a vector of (perceptive and cognitive) knowledge. Thus, introducing the term “affected critique” to the term “performed reception” implemented the scope of my analysis. This term elects both the subjective dimension within these objects and my personal relationship to the works and people which have moved and “possessed” me over the course of my observations these past years. “Affected criticism” also arises from research on the careers of two dance critics – Laurence Louppe (1938-2012) and Jill Johnston (1929-2010) – which form the core of my second chapter. Through the particularities of their critical practices, I cared to question a heritage from which I wished either to differentiate myself or on the contrary to adopt and develop as my own. This research consequently developed as a progressive mise en abyme of my personal gaze as spectator and of the different ways of working as an artist and researcher. This dissertation therefore tries to embrace and account for the multiple shapes – journal entries, fragments of critical writing, analysis of artworks and artistic practices, performance material – that form as many standpoints from which to observe a body of work. A performative moment will prolong the written work of this research during the submission
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Owens, Ashby. "FBOs in Central America: A Critique of Power, Religion and Social Development in Maurice Echeverría’s Diccionario esotérico." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33244.
Full textAbstract:
Latin American literature has a rich tradition of translating recreated realities and social commentaries into fictional works. In Central America, especially in Guatemala, El Salvador, and Nicaragua, these commentaries often speak to the plight of the people and the unjust actions of many governments during and after their still fresh civil wars. One Guatemalan author, Maurice Echeverría, stays within the broader trajectory of Central American literature with his novel Diccionario esotérico by creating a fictional work that speaks to a reality and asserts social commentary. This text differs from the corpus, though, by moving beyond the war and the postwar eras to a very current and prominent reality. This novel, which presents a critique of abuses of power in all of their manifestations, gives way to a striking commentary on evangelical organizations. This study will focus on extrapolating this critique to an actual evangelical organization working in Central America, thereby drawing connections between Echeverría’s critical/theological stance and real systems of power.Master of Arts
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Bouffaron, Fabien. "Co-spécification système exécutable basée sur des modèles : application à la conduite interactive d’un procédé industriel critique." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0001/document.
Full textAbstract:
Dans la mesure où un système est un ensemble d'éléments en interaction, la difficulté pour un ingénieur système est de guider l’architecture d'un modèle « total » du système en tant qu'ensemble de modèles « locaux » d’ingénieries interdisciplinaires en interaction. Les travaux présentés dans ce mémoire s’intéressent plus précisément à la nature heuristique, spécifiante et exécutable de cette relation « totale » de couplage afin de construire un modèle virtuel du système à faire. La perspective holonique retenue permet de considérer cette relation de couplage de façon descriptive du TOUT et prescriptive de chacune des PARTIES aussi bien en regard de la situation-système à percevoir que des constitutifs-système à architecturer. Ainsi, nous avons revisité cette relation en tant que processus itératif, récursif et collaboratif de co-spécification-système visant à supporter la requête de connaissances auprès de chacune des ingénieries spécialistes délivrant en retour les modèles constitutifs satisfaisant des exigences systèmes. Notre environnement de co-modélisation-système se compose alors d’un ensemble d’environnements élémentaires de modélisation de constituants-système, avec pour objectif de préserver les outils, méthodes et processus de travail de chacune des parties prenantes. La modélisation au niveau système s’appuie sur le langage de modélisation « SysML » pour architecturer l’ensemble des connaissances. La vérification et la validation système s’effectue par co-exécution de modèles autour d’un bus de co-simulation, y compris in-situ avec la plate-forme d’expérimentation CISPI du projet SAFETECH du CRAN constituant notre cas d’applicationInsofar as a system is a set of interacting elements, the difficulty for a system engineer is to guide the whole model architecture of a system as a set of interdisciplinary engineering part models interacting. The works presented in this thesis are specifically interested in the heuristic, specifying and executable nature of this whole relationship coupling to design a virtual model of the system-of-interest. The holonic perspectives allows us to consider this coupling relationship as descriptive of a WHOLE (H) and prescriptive of each parts as well in regards to system situation to perceive, as system-elements to architect. In this sense, we revisit this relation as an iterative, recursive and collaborative process of system co-specification to the quest of knowledge with each specialist engineering delivering constitutive models satisfying basic requirements. Our system co-modelling environment is itself composed of a set of system-components modelling environment, with the stated objective to preserve tools, methods and works of each stakeholders in order to facilitate the expression of their skills. The modelling at a system level is based on the system modelling language (SysML) to architecture the set of knowledge. Verification and validation are performed by co-execution of models around a co-simulation bus, including CISPI platform of SAFETECH project of CRAN constituting our case study
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Wang, Rui. "Confidence in safety argument - An assessment framework based on belief function theory." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ISAT0013/document.
Full textAbstract:
Les arguments de sécurité sont couramment utilisés pour montrer que des efforts suffisants ont été faits pour atteindre les objectifs de sécurité. Ainsi, la sécurité du système est souvent justifiée par l'évaluation des arguments de sécurité. L'évaluation de tels arguments repose généralement sur l’avis d’experts sans s’appuyer sur des outils ou des méthodes dédiés. Ceci pose des questions sur la validité des résultats. Dans cette thèse, une approche quantitative est proposée, basé sur la théorie de Dempster-Shafer (théorie D-S) pour évaluer notre confiance dans les arguments de sécurité. Cette approche gère le problème à travers les aspects suivants: 1) Définition formelle de la confiance dans les arguments basée sur la théorie D-S; 2) Développement de règles d'agrégation des paramètres de confiance; 3) Proposition d'un cadre d'évaluation quantitatif des arguments de sécurité. Une application dans le domaine ferroviaire conduit à l'estimation des paramètres du cadre par une enquête auprès d'experts en sécuritéSafety arguments, also called Safety Cases, are commonly used to present that adequate efforts have been made to achieve the safety goals. Thus, the system safety is often justified through assessing the safety arguments. The assessment of such arguments is usually implemented by experts without any dedicated tool or method. This leads to a questionable validity of the results. In this thesis, a quantitative framework is proposed based on Dempster-Shafer theory (D-S theory) to assess our confidence in Safety Cases. This framework manages the issue in following aspects: 1) Formal definition of confidence in arguments based on D-S theory; 2) Development of confidence aggregation rules; 3) Proposition of a quantitative assessment framework of safety arguments. An application in railway domain realises the parameter estimation of the framework by a survey with safety experts
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Yuan, Xiaoping. "Extensional collapses in the overpressured frictional upper crust based on limit analysis." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEE009/document.
Full textAbstract:
Dans ce manuscrit nous développons l'approche cinématique 2D du calcul à la rupture pour examinerles effondrements en extension (ou failles normales) de la croûte supérieure cassante qui résultent desurpressions de fluides. Les sujets d'intérêt liés à la déformation en extension sont (1) les roles de lapression des fluides, des processus de surface, et des propriétés des matériaux et des failles sur lastabilité des structures d'extension; (2) la formation de failles normales à faible pendage et de failleslistriques; (3) la distribution de la déformation au dessus d'un glissement à faible pendage; et (4)l'influence de l'adoucissement mécanique des failles et des processus de sédimentation sur cettedistribution.Cette approche mécanique est vérifiée par la théorie du prisme critique de Coulomb, et la généralise pour étudier la topographie complexe de la péninsule de Mejillones dans le Nord du Chili. Cetteapproche est aussi appliquée à l'instabilité gravitaire dans le delta du Niger en reliant les structurescompressives en bas de pente aux structure extensives en amont par un détachement profond. Nousprédisons des surpressions de fluides beaucoup plus élevée que celles obtenues par application duprisme de Coulomb. Enfin, cette méthodologie est appliquée à l'étude de la forme de failles normalesreliant un détachement profond à la surface. Dans le cas du delta du Niger, nous montrons que lesfailles à faible pendage et les failles listriques impliquent que la profondeur de rétention des fluides estfaible. La version séquentielle de l'analyse limite ouvre de nouvelles voies pour suivre l'évolutionstructurale dans le temps du jeu sur les failles normales. Les simulations montrent en particulier qu'unefaille normale tourne vers des pendage plus faibles au fur et à mesure de la dénudation du mur, formantune région qui passe du mur au toit de la faille active en rotation. La prédiction de cette région estillustrée par des expériences analogiques et des exemples de terrainThis manuscript develops a 2D kinematic approach of Limit Analysis to examine the extensionalfailures in the brittle, upper crust resulting from fluid overpressures and normal faulting. There aremany interesting topics related to the extensional deformation such as (1) the roles of fluid pressure,topographic process, material and fault properties on the stability of extensional structures; (2) theformation of low-angle and listric normal fault; (3) the deformation pattern due to slip on a low-anglefault; and (4) the influence of fault softening and sedimentation processes on this deformation pattern.This mechanical approach applied to wedge prototypes is validated by the critical Coulomb wedge(CCW) theory, and it generalizes the CCW theory to investigate the complex topography on theMejillones peninsula, Northern Chile. Additionally, this approach is also applied to investigate gravityinstability of Niger Delta by linking down-slope compressional to up-slope extensional failures througha deep detachment. We predict much higher fluid overpressures than that of the CCW theory. Finally,this Limit Analysis methodology is applied to investigate the shape of normal fault linking a lowdetachment to the surface. The application to Niger Delta implies that the formation of very low-angleand strongly listric faults results from a shallow fluid-retention depth. The sequential version of LimitAnalysis opens new ways to envision the structural evolution through time resulting from normalfaulting. The simulations show that the normal fault rotates during extension, forming a region of Footto-Hanging Wall (FHW) where the material in the footwall is sheared upon entering the hanging wall.The creation of the FHW region is illustrated by sandbox experiments and field examples
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Hebbache, Farouk. "Work-conserving dynamic TDM-based memory arbitration for multi-criticality real-time systems." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLT044.
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Les architectures multi-cœurs posent de nombreux défis dans les systèmes temps réel, qui découlent des conflits entre les accès simultanés à la mémoire partagée. Parmi les politiques d'arbitrage mémoire disponibles, le multiplexage temporel, en anglais Time-Division Multiplexing (TDM), assure un comportement prédictible en limitant les latences d'accès et en garantissant une bande passante aux tâches indépendamment des autres tâches. Pour ce faire, TDM garantit un accès exclusif à la mémoire partagée dans une fenêtre temporelle fixe. L'approche TDM, cependant, fournit une faible utilisation des ressources car elle oisive. De plus, elle est très inefficace pour les ressources ayant des latences d'accès très variables, comme le partage de l'accès à une mémoire DRAM. La longueur constante d'une fenêtre TDM est donc très pessimiste et entraîne une sous-utilisation de la mémoire. Pour pallier ces limitations, nous présentons des mécanismes d'arbitrage dynamique basés sur TDM. Cependant, plutôt que d'arbitrer au niveau des fenêtres TDM, notre approche fonctionne à la granularité des cycles d'horloge en exploitant les temps morts accumulés par les requêtes précédentes. Cela permet à l'arbitre de réorganiser les requêtes mémoire, d'exploiter les latences d'accès réelles des requêtes, et donc d'améliorer l'utilisation de la mémoire. Nous démontrons que nos politiques sont analysables car elles préservent les garanties de TDM dans le pire des cas, alors que nos expériences montrent une amélioration significative de l'utilisation de la mémoireMulti-core architectures pose many challenges in real-time systems, which arise from contention between concurrent accesses to shared memory. Among the available memory arbitration policies, Time-Division Multiplexing (TDM) ensures a predictable behavior by bounding access latencies and guaranteeing bandwidth to tasks independently from the other tasks. To do so, TDM guarantees exclusive access to the shared memory in a fixed time window. TDM, however, provides a low resource utilization as it is non-work-conserving. Besides, it is very inefficient for resources having highly variable latencies, such as sharing the access to a DRAM memory. The constant length of a TDM slot is, hence, highly pessimistic and causes an underutilization of the memory. To address these limitations, we present dynamic arbitration schemes that are based on TDM. However, instead of arbitrating at the level of TDM slots, our approach operates at the granularity of clock cycles by exploiting slack time accumulated from preceding requests. This allows the arbiter to reorder memory requests, exploit the actual access latencies of requests, and thus improve memory utilization. We demonstrate that our policies are analyzable as they preserve the guarantees of TDM in the worst case, while our experiments show an improved memory utilization
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Grosbusch, Lisa. ""Of course I love you, the flower said" Creation of a visual, fantastic and immersive installation based on classic literature for children." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30254/30254.pdf.
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Le texte suivant est une réflexion sur la création et la théorie derrière mon projet de maitrise appelé ‘Of course I love you, the flower said’. Cette installation, basée sur la littérature classique pour enfants, est composée de plusieurs éléments dont trois cabanes distinctes et un environnement qui les entoure. Cette installation a comme but d’entièrement transformer la salle d’exposition afin de créer une possibilité d’immersion pour le visiteur. Elle est de l’ordre du fantastique et de l’imaginaire et prend son point de départ dans la dualité entre l’enfance et l’état adulte. Chaque cabane présente un diffèrent type d’art à l’intérieur, notamment un surplus de dessins, une muraille et une projection d’images virtuelles. Ainsi chaque forme d’art, l’élément de la cabane et le jardin entourant sont discutés prenant en compte comme ensemble, ils créent l’effet d’immersion désirée.The following text is a reflection on the creation and theory behind my master’s project titled ‘Of course I love you, the flower said’. This installation, based on classic literature for children, is composed of various elements such as distinct cabins and the environment around them and aims to entirely transform the gallery space in order to create a possibility of immersion for the viewer. The installation itself is of the order of the imaginative and the fantastic and has a starting point in the child-adult duality. Each cabin features a different type of art on the inside, namely a surplus of drawings, a mural and a projected slideshow of virtual images. Hence each of these different art-forms, alongside the element of the cabin and the outside ‘garden’, are discussed with special regards to how together, they achieve the aimed for immersion.
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Boche, Mathieu. "Contrôle du foncier, agricultures d'entreprise et restructurations agraires : une perspective critique des investissements fonciers à grande échelle : Le cas de la partie centrale du Mozambique." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA111018/document.
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La demande croissante pour l’alimentation, l’énergie et les ressources naturelles, combinée à la limitation des ressources et à la libéralisation du commerce sont parmi les facteurs ayant entrainé une nouvelle « ruée sur les terres agricoles » observée depuis quelques années. Alors que certains ont exprimé des inquiétudes sur les implications potentielles de ces projets sur les droits et les moyens de subsistance des populations rurales des pays en développement, d’autres ont souligné le potentiel de ces opportunités dans la lutte pour la sécurité alimentaire et le développement rural que constituait ces annonces d’investissements dans un secteur longtemps négligé. Cette thèse interroge la complexité économique, institutionnelle et sociale des investissements fonciers à grande échelle et leur capacité à engendrer des restructurations agraires et un changement du modèle de développement agricole au Mozambique. En raison de leur fort taux d’échec et des difficultés d’implantation des projets, il apparait que les investissements fonciers à grande échelle n’ont pas entrainé une rupture dans les structures agraires locales marquée par un changement des caractéristiques des exploitations majoritairement productrices dans le secteur agricole national. En revanche, l’intérêt des investisseurs étrangers tend à influencer les autorités nationales vers une réactivation du modèle de développement agricole qui prévalait après l’Indépendance, c’est-à-dire un secteur agricole dual avec des agriculteurs familiaux marginalisés d’une part et des exploitations agricoles à grande échelle établies avec des investissements étrangers de l’autre. Ainsi, non seulement la grande majorité des agriculteurs familiaux ne bénéficient pas de la dynamique actuelle de projets d’investissement, mais les politiques agricoles et foncières et les mesures de soutien tendent à se détourner d’eux au profit de la facilitation des investissements à grande échelle. Nos résultats remettent en cause la capacité des projets actuels à enclencher une trajectoire de développement agricole capable de répondre aux défis des économies africainesThe growing demand for food, energy and natural resources, combined with the limited stock of natural resources available and the process of trade liberalization are among the factors that have triggered a new rush for land observed in the last years. Despite an extensive literature, most analyses of large scale land based investment are politically and ideologically anchored, reflecting strong opposing stances. On one hand, some have expressed some concerns on the potential implications of these projects on peasants’ land rights and livelihood. On the other hand, some other researchers have argued that these projects should be seen as opportunities in the struggle for food security and rural development. This thesis questions the economic, social and institutional complexity of large scale land based investment including their differentiated evolutionary dynamics and implications in terms of agricultural development and agrarian change in Mozambique. Because of a high failure rate and difficulties to establish the production structures, it appears that large scale land based investments haven’t led to a shift from small scale farming to large scale farming as the main farming organization in Mozambique. However, the rising interest of foreign investors tend to influence national authorities in rehabilitating the post-Independence agricultural development model, which was characterized by a dual system composed of marginalized subsistence farmers on one hand and foreign owned large scale farms. So, not only do smallholders benefit little from present agricultural investment dynamics, but also agricultural policies and support measures tend to shift away from the former towards the facilitation of large-scale investment. Our results questions the capacity of actual large scale land based investments to trigger a trajectory of agricultural development able to meet African economies challenges
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Lauri, Marcus. "Narratives of governing : rationalization, responsibility and resistance in social work." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-119783.
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For many years, Sweden has had a reputation for having a comprehensive and women friendly welfare state. However, as in many other European countries during the past few decades, the organization and governing of welfare has undergone profound changes. Through interviews with social workers and the application of theories of governmentality, this thesis analyzes the expressions and consequences of such current organization and governing. One result is that the introduction of meticulous documentation practices of social workers contact with clients, regulate their interaction and constitute a control over both client and social worker. Another result is that the current organization fragments labor and awards more authority to managers, which functions to produce loyalty to the organization and management, rather than clients. This is expressed in demands not to voice protest, as it is said to create a bad mood. It is also expressed in demands to spend as little as possible on clients; short duration of treatment, preference for outpatient treatment and by making it difficult to receive financial support. This austerity is legitimized through the intermeshing of different ideals; budget awareness, evidence that supports short and outpatient treatment and that clients in order to change their course of life should to be allowed or coerced into taking individual responsibility. Another important finding is that the current governing and organization of social work produce distance and detachment, and thus discourage caring subjects. This is a complex process in which an assemblage of different techniques and rationalities undermines the cultivation of a relationship between social worker and client. 1) The ideal of evidence-based practice favors rigid methods over a flexible and holistic approach. 2) Ideals of rationality, closely connected to notions of masculinity and professionalism, value objectivity and devalue and deter the surfacing of emotions. 3) Meticulous practices of documentation reduce the amount of time available to meet clients. 4) Ideals and particular methods designed to promote individual responsibility in clients legitimize social workers distancing themselves from clients’ dependency and needs. 5) A division of labor, in either assessment or treatment, reduces time spent with clients for those who work with assessment and ultimately engage in the rationing of resources. 6) Standardized digital templates, installed to aid in assessments, regulate and proceduralize interactions with the client. 7) Austerity, heavy workloads, individualized responsibility and stress further accentuate distance, as detachment becomes a means to cope with arduous working conditions. The transformation of social work described above produces alienation and a fragmentation of social workers’ collective subjects. Simultaneously, an ethos of caring makes some social workers work extra hard to provide for clients, which ultimately covers for flaws in the system. Although such an ethos of caring allows for the further exploitation of social workers, it is also understood as a means of resistance, which in turn also forms the basis for organized resistance.Sverige har ett internationellt rykte för att ha en omfattande och kvinnovänlig välfärd. Även om riktigheten i en sådan uppfattning sedan länge ifrågasatts har på senare år, likt i många andra Europeiska länder, det svenska välfärdssystemet genomgått en omfattande förändring i avseende på dess räckvidd, men också dess organisering och styrning. Fokus för denna studie är just denna organisering och styrning, och mer specifikt, hur detta påverkar ett av välfärdens kanske mest centrala område: socialt arbete. Genom att intervjua socialarbetare undersöks i denna studie uttryck för och konsekvenser av en sådan förändring, bland annat genom att undersöka hur könsbundna föreställningar och förväntningar är sammanflätade med det sociala arbetets organisering och styrning. I studien konstateras att socialarbetare erfar att deras arbete genomgått omfattande förändringar, vilket kopplas ihop med både organiseringen och styrningen av det sociala arbetet. Detta uttrycks både i de ideal som kringgärdar arbetet men också i dominerande arbetssätt. En sådan förändring är införandet av omfattande dokumentationsprocedurer av socialarbetarens arbete och kontakt med klienter, vilket medför att kontakten med klienterna blir ytligare. Dokumentationsprocedurerna utgör också en sorts kontroll av både klienterna och socialarbetarna själva. En annan förändring som konstateras är att nya organisationsmodeller och en förändrad ledarskapskultur skapar förväntningar på socialarbetarna att vara lojala med organisationen och ledningen snarare än klienterna. Bland annat utrycks detta genom förväntningar att inte protestera och skapa dålig stämning på arbetsplatsen, men också genom uttalade krav att spendera så lite resurser som möjligt på klienterna; korta behandlingstider, öppenvårdsalternativ och orimligt hårda krav för att få ekonomiskt bistånd. Detta legitimeras genom sammanväxningen av flera olika ideal; budgetmedvetenhet, att klienter inte mår bra av långa institutionsvistelser, men också att klienterna ska tillåtas eller bör tvingas att klara att sig själva. Ett av studiens huvudresultat är att den nuvarande organiseringen och styrningen av socialt arbete skapar avstånd och likgiltighet. Genom flera sammankopplade ideal och arbetssätt styrs dagens socialarbetare till att bry sig mindre om de klienter de möter. På så sätt undermineras förutsättningarna för framväxten av en djup relation mellan socialarbetare och klient; 1) Idealet och kravet att socialarbetare ska arbeta utifrån evidens, det vill säga metoder och förhållningssätt som i speciellt utformade utvärderingsmodeller visat sig ha effekt, gör att väl strukturerade och rigida metoder ges företräde. Denna instrumentalisering underminerar ett flexibelt, relationsorienterat och helhetsfokuserat sätt att arbeta. Dessutom gör evidensidealets fokus på enskilda individer och avgränsade utvärderingstider att mer samhällsinriktat kritiskt och långsiktigt inriktat arbete undermineras. 2) Ett rationalitetsideal, tätt sammanbundet med föreställningar om professionalitet och maskulinitet, värderar objektivitet och förmågan att frikoppla socialarbetarens egna känslor från sitt arbete. Detta maskuliniserade professionsideal innebär att empati och solidaritet med klienten undergrävs. 3) Omfattande krav på olika former av dokumentation av det sociala arbetet gör att tiden som socialarbetaren har till sitt förfogande för att besöka och att ha möten med klienten blir knapp. 4) Ett allmänt samhällsideal kring individuellt ansvar och en särskild arbetsmetod (motiverande samtal) som många socialarbetare förväntas lära sig, framhäver klientens eget ansvar för och vilja till förändring. Detta legitimerar ett avståndstagande från klientens behov av hjälp och stöd enligt logiken ”du måste klara detta själv”. 5) En vanligt förekommande uppdelning av socialarbetarnas arbetsuppgifter i en så kallad beställar-utförarmodell gör att vissa socialsekreterare arbetar med hjälp och stöd, medan andra arbetar med bedömningar av klienters behov. De senare, som också har inflytande över resurstilldelning, blir med en sådan organisering av arbetet alltmer frikopplade från den stödjande och hjälpande verksamheten och kontakten med klienten. 6) Standardiserade digitala bedömningsinstrument, skapade för att på ett likvärdigt sätt bedöma klienters behov och dokumentera det sociala arbetet, reglerar och instrumentaliserar kontakten med klienter. 7) Tunga arbetsbördor, individualiserat ansvar och stress, bidrar ytterligare till att skapa avstånd och likgiltighet eftersom det för vissa utgör ett sätt att genomleva en ohållbar arbetssituation. En allmän åtstramning av socialtjänstens resurstilldelning förstås som en viktig orsak till behovet av att skapa ovan distansmekanismer. Men distansen hänger också ihop med en tendens till ett återupplivande av en tidigare dominerande förståelse av marginalisering och sociala problem; där människors nöd ses som ett utslag av dålig karaktär och ett resultat av dåliga individuella val. De förändringar av det sociala arbetets premisser som beskrivits ovan gör att socialarbetarna alltmer görs främmande inför sitt arbete – de alieneras. Detta främmandegörande uttrycks genom att inte kunna identifiera sig med arbetet självt, sina kollegor eller med sig själv. Ett sådant främmandegörande underminerar, eller fragmentiserar, både relationen till klienten, men också en känsla av gemenskap med andra socialarbetare. En gemenskap som kan utgöra ett ”vi” och ligga till grund för att ställa krav, protestera och göra motstånd mot avhumaniserande ideal och reformer. På så vis är främmandegörandet inte bara en konsekvens av dagens organisering och styrning, utan också något som fyller en viktig funktion för en sådan styrning och organisering, och genomförandet av en allmän åtstramning i socialpolitiken. Samtidigt som dagens organisering och styrning av socialt arbete är främmandegörande, slår vissa socialarbetare knut på sig själva och arbetar extra hårt för att täcka upp för systemets brister och krympande resurser, för att trots det svåra läget ändå försöka ge det stöd som de upplever att klienten behöver. Ett sådant historiskt förankrat femininiserat omsorgsideal, dvs känslor av ansvar och empati inför behövande och en ilska inför oförrätter, utgör därmed på samma gång grund för en fördjupad exploatering av socialarbetarna, och ett vardagligt motstånd mot rådande system. I ett läge när flera upplever att kollegialiteten som grund för motstånd på arbetsplatserna underminerats, utgör ett sådant omsorgsideal samtidigt också grunden för organiserat motstånd utanför arbetsplatsen, bortom chefernas insyn, kontroll och härskartekniker. Medan nuvarande styrningssystem underminerar ett visst sorts motstånd, uppstår samtidigt grunden för nya.
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Armstrong, Colleen Alice. "A constructivist critique of outcomes-based education." Thesis, 2014.
Find full textAbstract:
Responses to South African outcomes-based Education (OBE) indicates that much of the criticism focuses on the implementation problems of this new approach. The aim of this research report is to initiate a debate concerning the fundamental psychological assmptio ns of an outcomes-based approach to education. To this end, I critique, from a Piagetian psychological perspective, the notions of "pre-determined outcomes”, "transference” and
“prior knowledge" which I believe are derived from particular assumptions about the n ature of teaching and learning within OBE. This report concludes that these notions as they are understood within OBE have not been considered in sufficient depth by the policy makers. Consequently, the educational efficacy of these notions is questionable.
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Blakey, Jennifer Helene. "Bodies online : a narrative inquiry-based critique of online learning /." 2003.
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McCord, G. Dawn Harmon. "Choral all-state policies and practices : a survey-based analysis and critique." 2003. http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga%5Fetd/mccord%5Fg%5Fdawm%5Fh%5F200305%5Fdma.
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Hamler-Dupras, Kevin. "A mathematical analysis and critique of activity-based costing using mixed integer programming." Thesis, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/34029.
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The acquisition and elimination of products and the resources needed to create
them constitutes an important part of the business decision-making process. Activity-based
costing (ABC) supports this process by providing a tool for evaluating the relative
profitability of various products. It accomplishes this by allocating costs to products
based on the activities, and in turn the resources demanded by those activities, required to
produce them. In allocating indirect costs traditionally considered "fixed," such as
equipment, administrative overhead, and support staff salaries, ABC treats all costs as
variable in the long-run.
However, many costs can only vary in discrete steps. For example, one usually
cannot purchase a fractional piece of equipment; one chooses either to buy it or not to buy
it. Also, in adding support staff, one will typically find that people demand full-time
positions, so increments will come in discrete amounts. This stairstep semivariable nature
of many costs runs counter to ABC's treatment of all costs as variable. In addition,
different products often draw upon the same resources. This creates complex interactions, making it difficult to predict the ultimate consequences of adding or eliminating a particular product.
Mixed integer programming (MIP) provides another tool for making these product/resource mix decisions. Unlike ABC, however, it can handle variables that take on integer values, and hence deal appropriately with stairstep semivariable costs. It also ensures that the decision recommended by the model will optimize profitability, given that a solution exists and the underlying assumptions hold true. In doing this, MIP automatically adjusts for all of the complex interactions that exist among the various products and resources.
Using a simplified two product/two resource model, one can detail the mathematics behind ABC and MIP, and then link the two approaches through a common variable. This allows one to establish the conditions under which ABC and MIP will yield the same results, and those under which they will differ. Since MW produces an optimal solution, the fact that ABC yields a different result under specific circumstances underscores the danger of relying solely on the product margins generated by an ABC model.Graduation date: 1998
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CHEN, ROU-YU, and 陳柔妤. "Critique of Crop Eradication in Serpentinite Geological Formation Area Based on Risk Assesment." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/zdyngn.
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碩士崑山科技大學
環境工程研究所
106
In this study, Chih-Shang County was selected as study area to evaluate the requirement of crop eradication in serpentinite geological formation area based on health risk assessment of local residential exposure. The calculation results of health risk assessment are 3.92*10-7 for human carcinogenic rick, 3.77*10-1 for human non-carcinogenic rick, 5.87*10-8 for children carcinogenic rick and 9.63*10-1 for children non- carcinogenic risk. The non-carcinogenic risk resulted from the uptake of unpolished rice is higher than polished rice. The uptake of unpolished rice 2.07 kg/day for human and 0.48 kg/day for children might have potential non-carcinogenic risk, which are 12.1 times of human’s normal uptake and 3.7 times of children’s normal uptake. In reality, there is no potential carcinogenic or non-carcinogenic risk when human and children exposed to such air and soil surroundings in long-term or uptake high Cr-containing and Ni -containing rice, called serpentinite rice. Thus, it won’t be necessary to regulate and remediate high Cr-containing and Ni -containing soils in serpentinite geological formation area, and crop eradication can be waived due to no sufficient evidence of safety concerns regarding uptake serpentinite rice.
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WU, JING-YU, and 吳京諭. "The research of quoting data & argumentation quality of students during web-based critique argumentation." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/05423680479151252549.
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碩士國立臺中教育大學
科學教育與應用學系碩士班
105
The purpose of this research is to investigate the methods of quoting information and argumentation quality while university students execute critical argumentation during online argumentation system. This research was completed by two times argumentation in classroom together with the interrelated teachers at a southern university. The method of the research as Qualitative Study. The research participants are 33 students from 6 different colleges. The Argumentation environment as online argumentation system. The plan & study team design the three round critical argumentation activities, topics and tools, recording live conversation while running two times critique argumentation with interrelated teacher. After the a argumentation activities, collect and sort out students online argumentation system' s points, recording live conversation & interview, as well data analysis. The design method of Data Analysis includes Analytic Induction and referred to the “Analysis Framework of Argumentation Quality” by Osborne (2004), Jimenez-Alexiandre (2005) and Yu & Yore (2013). Data analysis to students: 1. the methods of quote and modifying data; 2. argumentation quality; 3. arrange & sort out the trend of the methods of quote and modifying data with argumentation quality, through analysis and generalize, results & conclusion as per below: (a) Twice issue of the trend of students data quoting and modifying methods can be generalize to four type: [Low frequency quoting type],[Reducing frequency quoting type],[maintain quoting type] & [Incresing frequency quoting type]. (b) The trend of argumentation quality of students after twice issue can be generated to 3 type : [reducing trend], [maintaining trend], [upgrading trend]. (c) Combined of the both discussion, the trend of quoting data & argumentation quality of students after twice issues can be generated to 3 types:(i) Students that resistant to use third parties data & information, they provide lower quality argumentations. (ii) Students that combined third parties data & information which consistent to own ideas, they provide general quality argumentations. (iii) Students that combined various sources in diversification positions with own ideas, they provide higher quality argumentations. According to various type of data quoting & the trend of argumentation quality model, this study was conclude to three different performance type of students. And hope to provide some guidance or reference to certain study in future.
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HUANG, CHU-TING, and 黃楚婷. "A Reflection and Redefinition of Legislative Discretion Based on the Critique of Standards of Judicial Review." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/93dd42.
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碩士東吳大學
法律學系
103
Instead of being the term in positive law, “legislative discretion” is the gradually developed conception to prevent the policy-making competence of legislators from judicial review. Generally, “legislative discretion” refers to that legislators can autonomously decide on “whether”, “when” and “how” to make laws and regulations. The discussion of the conception is especially meaningful in judicial review, because the ability to make its own decisions of legislator is not refers to unscrupulousness or exempting from judicial review, instead, man can only make sure the legislative discretion by limiting “the involving degree” of judicial review. The discussion of “legislative discretion” is frequently connected to “standards of judicial review”, that means, legislative discretion is often specified by standards of judicial review. Therefore, legislative discretion involves in principle of democracy and the separation of powers, which dividing the legislative power and the judicial power. It seems to be undoubtedly that the extent of legislative power should correspond to standards of judicial review; however, it is not an easy job in judicial practice. Take Taiwan for instance, legislative discretion has little to do with standards of judicial review when the term mentioned in our judicial interpretations. Actually, the significance of legislative discretion is not only check-and-balance between the legislative power and the judicial power, but pointing out the relevance of legislators and Constitution. Owning Legislative discretion, legislators can fully consider different interests to guarantee the liberty and fundamental rights of the most of people. If judicial review cannot clarify the conception of legislative discretion, judicial self-restraint will easily become unscrupulousness on one hand; legislators’ significance in constitutional practice will be reduced on the other hand. This study argues that the significance of legislative discretion is same as judicial review, which can protect fundamental rights positively. Legislative discretion would be oversimplified if we only regard it as the limit of judicial power. If this conception is a complicated issue which involved in principle of democracy and the separation of powers, we must figure out what kind of understanding will be an good approach to well protect human rights. As a result, this study tries to redefine legislative discretion in the viewpoint of “legislative process”, and uses the model of “behavior control” in judicial review, and takes it as an approach to ensuring legislative discretion. In the text of this study, “behavior control” should not be regarded as stricter judicial review, though the examination on legislative process done by constitutional court should be emphasized. Legislative discretion, which is legislators’ policy-making space preserved by Constitution, shall not being protected by exempting from judicial review. The only way to respect the result of compromise of different interests in society, is that constitutional court must takes the process of compromise, legislative process, seriously.
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Mazoue, Nicole. "Children incarcerated with their mothers : a critique of the current age-based approach to the separation of children from their mothers." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/9982.
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It is a worldwide phenomenon that, when mothers are imprisoned, their young children are
allowed to accompany them. However, practices between different countries, and even within
different prisons, vary greatly and there are arguments both for and against the incarceration
of children with their mothers. Some argue that, without better alternative care options, these
children benefit from the strong emotional attachment that develops because they spend so
much time with their mothers. Others contend that prisons are not suitable environments for
children to live and grow in. It is generally agreed that allowing young children to accompany
their mothers in prison and separating them from their mothers, are both problematic.
Most countries that allow young children to be incarcerated with their mothers set an upper
age limit, after which time the child is removed. This reflects an assumption that from a
certain age the adverse effects of a prison environment on the young child and its
development outweigh the benefits of being with the mother. There is no empirical evidence
on the optimum age of separation and it varies between countries.
In South Africa, Section 20(1) of the Correctional Services Act 111 of 1998 (as amended by the Correctional Services Amendment Act 25 of 2008) determines that children may
accompany their mothers in prison up until the age of two years, after which time they must be removed from the prison environment.
For those children incarcerated with their mothers, this compulsory separation could
constitute a violation of their right to family life. For these children there may come a stage
when the issue of separation has to be dealt with, but it is at such times when a flexible
approach to the age of separation is suggested. A flexible approach would require an
individualised analysis of the child’s best interests. It is suggested that the potential for
flexibility does exist in Section 20 of the Act. However, it is also submitted that since it is
merely potential and not policy, prison authorities might have too much discretion in
interpreting this section. This might result in a lack of uniform practices and some children might therefore be disadvantaged.
The overall aim of this study is to critically examine the abovementioned piece of legislation in order to assess whether this approach is compatible with children’s rights and is in their best interests.Thesis (LL.M.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2012.
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HUI, CHANG YUN, and 張芸慧. "The Research of the Dissemination of Su Shih''s Tsz and the Critique from Other Schools─Based on the Spread of Documents." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/10442754986003367202.
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碩士淡江大學
中國文學系
90
Critical characters and their works play important roles in the transformation and development of literary genres. Su Shih was a talent, a great genius in the History of Chinese Literature. He was good at poems, tsz, prose, calligraphy and so on. Originally, tsz was popular as musical literature for entertainment among common people. Because of Su Shih’s creative production and the active participation of men of letters, tsz was transformed into a style which focused on the appreciation of words. Therefore, tsz experienced significant changes and development. The goal of this study was aimed to explore not only the spread and acceptance of Dung Po Tsz but also viewpoints of people in different dynasties. Thus, the author tried to find out the adoption and collection of Dung Po Tsz in publications and carving in a certain dynasty, and also evaluation and critics of his tsz from different schools of men of letters. It was learned that, as for the passionate in Dung Po Tsz, it appeared in some of his pieces, but not all of them. He put passionate in his works in order to present a different writing style. Moreover, it was until Ching Dynasty that Su Shih was categorized into a passionate writer. It is still discussible that whether Su Shih was a passionate writer or not. Furthermore, from a more conventional view, not following the rhythm appeared in Dung Po Tsz. But, to view this in an opener way, what is wrong with this, just as singing Da Jiang Dung Chiu by Tung Pi Tie Ban? When he was young, perhaps he was not familiar with rhythm. But, he was good at rhythm at his late thirties. It is more appropriate to say that he was not restrained by rhythm. Chen Shi Dau claimed Dung Po was I Shi Uei Tsz, not Tsz Jia Ben Se. This was the idea about Dung Po Tsz of people of Northern Sung Dynasty. It was completely different from the ideas they thought about other tsz writers, because people of Northern Sung Dynasty couldn’t accept the writing style of Su Shih. However, Su Shih viewed tsz as same as poems. He could express his ambitions and thinking in both tsz and poems. He would like to promote the status of tsz, not just limited to the ways of tsz in Tang Dynasty and Five Dynasty. Su Shih emphasized the presentation of content and genre of tsz. He made a remarkable contribution to the development and continuance of tsz. Su Shih’s attitudes towards the creation of tsz and the genre he tried to present were different from traditional tsz writers and their styles, because of his passionate temperament and not being restricted by rhythm. He adopted the same attitude towards tsz and poems. Therefore, he changed the nature of tsz. In the late of Southern Sung Dynasty, Ming Dynasty, and Ching Dynasty, tsz was used to express one’s feelings and ambitions, not only for entertainment. This change can be traced back to Su Shih’s emphases and efforts on the development of tsz. Hence, people say that his works were passionate, not limited to tsz, and he regarded poems as tsz. All these ways of saying, as a matter of fact, reveal three dimensions of an object. They refer to the same meaning.
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Chikozho, Loveness K. "A critique of development participatory communication discourse, its translation into internet-based international development policy for poverty reduction, and implications for African national ICT for development policy." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/13127.
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Thesis (M.A.)--University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Humanities, Media Studies, 2013This study critiques the ICT for development discourse within development participatory communication theory and analyses how this discourse is translated into communication policies of international development agencies represented by the United Nations Development Programme’s (UNDP) ICT for development policy, the Digital Opportunity Initiative (DOI) (2001) and the United States International Development agency’s (USAID) Leland Initiative (1996). The study further examines implications for the influence of the international ICT for development discourse on African national poverty reduction strategies using Rwanda’s National ICT policy (2001-2005). Development participatory communication theory perceives the internet as enabling global participation in the creation of development knowledge for poverty reduction hence international development agencies have created ICT for development policies based on the theory. The paradigm has, however, been criticised by post-development scholars for neglecting the influence of power in participation processes resulting in the exclusion of poor communities from decision making. Existing literature shows that the role of power in the use of the internet for participatory communication has not been critically questioned nor implications for the influence of the international ICT for development rhetoric on African poverty reduction strategies adequately critiqued. Using a critical discourse analysis approach, the study finds that the influence of development participatory communication theory on the discourse within the DOI and Leland Initiative promoted portrayal of the internet as contributing to poverty reduction by enhancing global economic integration. The study argues from a post-development view that this view promotes the exclusion of the poor from internet-based knowledge production processes by neglecting power dynamics influencing globalization and promoting the universalization of Western knowledge while denigrating local knowledge. The study also finds that the UNDP and USAID influenced the creation of Rwanda’s ICT discourse through the provision of financial and technical aid resulting in Rwanda’s national ICT discourse portraying use of the internet to achieve economic global competitiveness as leading to poverty reduction. This view ignores external and internal power inequalities influencing participation and promotes a predominantly economic perception of development which neglects use of the internet for participatory communication. Furthermore, Rwanda’s globalization rhetoric rests on problematic modernization beliefs of the superiority of Western technology and the inferiority of local development paradigms. Subsequently, the study identifies three possible implications for the influence of the international ICT discourse on the conceptualization of African poverty reduction strategies. These are; lack of African communicative policy autonomy reminiscent of modernization and colonial times, lack of consideration for the use of the internet for participation as ICTs are primarily seen as tools for commerce, and lack of consideration for power in the framing of African development communication policies. The study argues that the cited implications can collectively lead to the perpetuation of Western knowledge in African poverty reduction strategies by promoting top-down information transfer from developed to developing countries. Consequently, the study proposes the need for creating alternative African national ICT narratives based on local values to enable the participation of poor people in the use of the internet for knowledge production.
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HUI-CHEN, CHIEN, and 簡慧貞. "A Critique On Zhu Xi's “The Collected Commentaries of the Four Books” by Wang Chuan-shan—the based on Wang Chuan-shan’s “Complete Explanations of the Study of the Four Books”." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/52012636773273562793.
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Charette, Carole. "Recherche ethnographique sur le Design-Based-Learning (DBL) : le processus de design comme stratégie d'enseignement et d'apprentissage et comme stimulant à la pensée critique, à la résolution de problèmes et au transfert de connaissance." Thesis, 2008. http://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/976354/1/NR63410.pdf.
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This research presents the teaching methodology called Design-Based-Learning (DBL) and identifies what differentiates it from the traditional methods used in art and design education. This research aims to better understand the contribution of design to education not only as a discipline, but as a strategy for getting the learner to think about his/her environment, about his/her actions and their impact on the environment. This research gives a nuanced description of the dialogue taking place between teacher and learner (any levels, any disciplines or between disciplines). The DBL approach contributes to increasing the learning perspective of students by proposing an active engagement with problems posed and solutions found. DBL offers a dramatic change in teaching approaches by proposing that learners be inventive and in terms of blooms taxonomy, that they operate at the highest levels of the taxonomy. The study reveals that a majority of participants see in the DBL approach a tool that stimulates creativity and that favors critical thinking and problem solving skills. The results show that DBL increases the transfer of learning and the retention of knowledge within a given pedagogical environment. This transfer is facilitated by the development of concrete links between daily life activities of the students and their experiences of creation-invention in class. DBL reinforces the critical spirit, the observational, and problem solving capacity of students through creative stimulation and active engagement with uniquely formulated problems. The DBL approach combines five teaching methodologies that enable students to be actively engaged and responsible of their learning process. The study shows that DBL applied to art and design education favors interdisciplinarity. The transfer of knowledge, and as such constitute an important new pedagogical model. The majority of DBL teachers interviewed in this study insisted that the benefits of the approach outweigh its liabilities. Meredith Davis from North Carolina University is among the several design educators and researchers who support the DBL methodology. This research presentation will conclude with recommendations and suggestions for a future path for research in design education pedagogy. Keys words: apprentissage par l'expérience, résolution de problèmes, enseignement des arts et du design, taxonomie de Bloom, processus de design.
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Laperrière, Marie-Neige. "Critique féministe matérialiste du droit civil québécois : le travail « domestique » et les violences sexuées, les « impensés » du droit du logement." Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/15851.
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Nahidi, Shahram. "Towards a new Qur’ânic hermeneutics based on historico-critical and intertextual approaches : the case of the crucifixion of Jesus in the tafâsîr of eight muslim exegetes." Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/9739.
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Le Coran et la Sunna (la tradition du prophète Muḥammad) relatée dans les aḥâdîth (les traditions orales du Prophète) représentent la source éternelle d’inspiration et de savoir à laquelle les Musulmans se réfèrent pour agir, réagir et interagir. Par le fait même, tout au long de l’histoire musulmane, ces sources sacrées ont été à la base des relations des Musulmans avec autrui, incluant les Chrétiens. Les trois éléments majeurs de différenciation entre l’islam et le christianisme sont : la nature divine de Jésus, la trinité ainsi que la crucifixion et la mort de Jésus sur la croix. La position tranchée du Coran quant aux deux premiers points ne laisse place à aucun débat académique. Cependant, l’ambiguïté du texte coranique quant à la crucifixion de Jésus et sa mort a favorisé de nombreux débats entre mufassirûn (les exégètes du Coran). Cette thèse est une analyse textuelle des deux passages coraniques qui traitent de cette troisième différence. Pour cette étude textuelle et intertextuelle, les tafâsîr (interprétations du Coran) de huit mufassirûn appartenant à différentes madhâhib (écoles d’interprétation) et périodes de l’histoire des relations musulmanes-chrétiennes sont utilisés en combinaison avec certaines approches et méthodes récentes telles que : historico-critique et critique rédactionnelle. De plus, trois nouvelles théories développées dans la thèse enrichissent les outils herméneutiques de la recherche : la « théorie des cinq couches de sens », la « théorie des messages coraniques doubles » et la « théorie de la nature humaine tripartite ». À la lumière de ces théories et méthodes, il apparaît que l’ambiguïté coranique au sujet de la crucifixion et de la mort de Jésus est une invitation claire de la part du Coran incitant les Musulmans et les Chrétiens à vivre avec cette ambiguïté insoluble. La conclusion de cette thèse contribue directement à de meilleures relations musulmanes-chrétiennes, renforçant l’appel coranique (Coran 3:64, 103) à ces deux communautés leurs demandant de se cramponner aux points communs majeurs, d’intégrer leurs différences mineures et de consacrer leurs énergies pour une vie harmonieuse entre eux et laisser le reste dans les mains du Dieu qu’ils ont en commun.The Qur’ân, together with the sunnah (tradition) of the Prophet Muḥammad recounted in aḥâdîth (oral traditions of the Prophet), form the eternal source of inspiration and knowledge upon which the Muslim communities have acted and reacted to, as well as interacted with. Externally, their relations with many others, including Christians, have followed the same dynamics, as seen in the mirror of the Qur’ân and its interpretations. The topics of the divine nature of Jesus, the trinity, and the crucifixion of Jesus and his death on the cross, have been commonly considered the three main theological points of disagreement between Muslims and Christians. The Qur’ân’s clear position vis-à-vis the first two points do not leave any space for scholarly debates. However, despite Muslims’ actual consensus on denying Jesus’ crucifixion and death, the Qur’ânic ambiguous image of Jesus’ last day on earth has caused many discussions among mufassirûn (exegetes of the Qur’ân). This thesis is a textual analysis of the two Qur’ânic passages on this debated point of difference. For this textual and intertextual study, the tafâsîr (interpretations of the Qur’ân) of eight mufassirûn belonging to different madhâhib (schools of interpretation) from various periods in the history of Muslim-Christian relations are used in combination with recent textual approaches and methods such as: historico-citical and redaction critical. In addition, three new theories developed within this dissertation complete the hermeneutical tools employed for this research: the “theory of five layers of meaning,” the “theory of double messages of the Qur’ân,” and the “theory of humans’ tripartite nature.” In the light of these theories and methods, it emerges that the Qur’ânic ambiguity on Jesus’ crucifixion and death may well be the Qur’ân’s own invitation to Muslims and Christians to live with that unresolvable ambiguity. This dissertation’s conclusion thus contributes directly to better Muslim-Christian relations, reinforcing the Qur’ânic call to both Muslims and Christians (Qur’ân 3:64, 103) to focus on major common points, to embrace minor differences, and to spend their energy on what might have a positive impact on their harmonious co-habitation, abandoning the rest in the hands of God in whom both believe.