Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Critique lexicographique'
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Merlet, Pauline. "Analyse linguistique du discours lexicographique : le cas des articles homme et femme dans le Grand Robert de la langue française et le Trésor de la langue française." Nantes, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NANT3029.
Full textA the junction of the semantic theory and the discourse analysis, the purpose of this work is to construct a processes for a linguistic analysis of lexicographical discourse, from a corpus consists of the entries man and woman in the GR and the TLF, in a confrontative perspective. The first part consist in showing the specificity of the corpus we study, by describing the lexicographical métadiscursive mechanisms, from the viewpoint of the lexicographical theory presented in the preface of each dictionary. The second part consist in linking together the characteristics of lexicographical description we have studied and the postulates of the semantics of possible argumentatives, to construct the argumentative signification of the words woman and man
Alletsgruber, Julia. "Étude du lexique de l’agriculture dans des textes documentaires français du treizième siècle." Thesis, Paris 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA040016.
Full textThis doctoral thesis studying the words related to agriculture in medieval charters is situated in the fields of historical linguistics and philology. It is part of the research project “The most ancient linguistic documents of France” and provides a transcription of two corpuses of charters as well as a lexicological study of 50 words related to agriculture. Each word is treated separately in an article including the word’s etymology, the different writings appearing in the charters, a semantic description, a short context of each occurrence, the information from the most important Old French dictionaries as well as a critique of the latter. The articles, forming the main part of the thesis, are followed by a chapter that sums up their results concerning new words or meanings, etymology, hyperonyms and (co)hyponyms. The words are thus studied in an intensive manner forming a complement to the extensive description provided by the dictionaries. The study also includes a reflection on the role the charters play in language elaboration through their vocabulary
Naro, Guilhem. "Le Dictionnaire du doctorat Honnorat contribution à une approche critique de la lexicographie occitane /." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376083782.
Full textNaro, Guilhem. "Le dictionnaire du Docteur Honnorat : contribution à une approche critique de la lexicographie occitane." Montpellier 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MON30018.
Full textThe physician honnorat whose name has sunk into oblivion nowadays wrote his dictionary in the second half of the nineteenth century. With his one hundred thousandentries, this work is a milestone in provencal lexicography. The point analysed are among others: the macrostructures. In the chapter we mean to decide whether the distribution of entries is based on a polysemic or a monosemic view of language, whether there exist regularities in the way the definitions are formulated. We will also examine the contents of the entries permit to conclude about the author's particular fields of interest. The microstructures. This mean in particular the organisation of the semantic fields. Two of these fields, the anthroponyms and the toponyms, their presentation and internal organisation and the conception of the world and of occitan society which they may reveal, are examined in detail. Etymogy. Honnorat bases his work on etymological considerations. The defined roots are the leading principle of the organisation of the dictionary. The analysis into radicals and other segments allows honnorat to offer a solution to one of the most burning problems of the occitan language: orthography. We will study the author's position in this question. Honnorat's position in occitan lexicography. The study shows how honnorat makes use of elements of previous occitan dictionaries. We will try to evaluate honnorat's place and importance within the whole of french lexicography at the time and we will also see how these innovations have served for a new approach to the occitan language in the second half of the nineteenth and in the twentieth century
Wionet, Chantal. "Fragmatique et lexicographie : le vocabulaire religieux dans le Dictionnaire universel, dit "de Trévoux", 1721." Aix-Marseille 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993AIX10045.
Full textGiuliano, Francesca. "Il lessico dell’apparenza in Thomas Hobbes. Questioni e sviluppi terminologici e concettuali." Thesis, Paris 4, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA040016.
Full textThis thesis aims at studying part of Hobbes’s vocabulary, that I define «lexicon of appearance». The word ‘appearance’, used as a conceptual category, refers to the philosophic problematic, greatly debated in the XVIth and XVIIth century, that highlights a new conscience of the nature of the sensitive perception. On one hand, the image appearance shows the real and objective existence of a world capable of defining sensitivity. On the other hand, it shows us that our representations do not always portray a faithful image of the world. Hobbes’s theory fits perfectly in this context: by considering sensitivity as the initial phase of our knowledge, by which our whole psychological life derives from, he reduces our representations into ‘appearances’ that only exist in our mind.This conception determines the use of a particular terminology that Hobbes uses to deal with the complex theme of the appearances of phenomena. This thesis aims at reconstructing Hobbes’s reflection by favouring a lexicographic approach, checking the material elements (occurrences and concordances, published in Vol. 2) aswell as the conceptual aspects of the entry words. The methodology chosen focuses on examining Hobbes’s lexicon in a diachronic fashion. I will assume that this is the only way to verify the words’ variations in the different contexts (from physiology of vision to dream) and highlight, at the same time, Hobbes’s relevance to ‘phenomenalism’
Besnaci, Mohammed. "La contextualisation dans la lexicographie bilingue : le cas du dictionnaire français-arabe." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO20015.
Full textStarting from the idea that the translator mostly works on words in sentences, and not on lexical units out of any discursive usage, and also from the fact that the bilingual dictionary is a tool of translation, we can wonder about the situation of contextualization in the French-Arabic dictionary. The present work, based on different approaches of analysis, does not only focus on the organizational, quantitative and qualitative levels of the lexicographic context in microstructure, but also deals with the linguistic functioning, the relation with the extralinguistic parameter, and its dynamics from the contrastive point of view
Rothenberger, Eva. "Pierre Bayle et le Dictionnaire historique et critique : scepticisme moderne et historiographie polémique." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0106.
Full textThe objective of the research project, that has been lead in a binational PhD-Track between the University of Augsburg (Germany) and the Université de Lorraine in Nancy (France), is to show how Pierre Bayle, the “philosophe de Rotterdam”, profits from the particular characteristics of his Dictionnaire historique et critique. The literacy of the dictionary enables his author to realize his idea of a reliable, valid and at the same time polemic historiography albeit he is keeping his sceptic attitude.First of all, it is necessary to define the dictionary itself in the seventeenth century, the age of French classicism, and to give a panorama of the popular lexicographic works of that time. This preliminary step is of use for the contextualization of the Dictionnaire historique et critique in the intellectual climate which has had an important influence on its author, Pierre Bayle. Afterwards, a systematic description of the characteristics of the masterpiece is given so that we can generate a better understanding for the advantages the author is gaining from those characteristics.The results of this analysis will be applied in two steps in order to show the impact that the exterior form exerts on the inner structure and the content. On the one hand, the division of the text into articles offers Bayle the opportunity to pass his sceptic ideas which are inspired by the pyrrhonian scepticism of the ancient Greece. By collecting numerous aspects concerning one single subject in the large remarks, Bayle benefits from the occasion that he is able to view it from different perspectives. At the same time, he does not have to give a fix conclusion as he would have to do at the end of a philosophical treaty, for example. This open end forces the reader to make his own reflections. Bayle shows by leaving some aspects open-ended without final answer that there are subjects on which one must suspend his judgment because different solutions are possible. This observation leads to his call for tolerance. On the other hand, the very same structure of the Dictionnaire historique et critique allows Bayle to do his work as a critic even polemic historiographer of his own lifetime. With his method, he aims at realizing a reliable and impartial historiography which is based on the critic examination of primary sources. His choice of quotations, his way of combining them and his rhetoric shrewdness might produce at first sight the impression of a neutral historiography. But by analysing in detail Bayle’s text, you discover that he passes a particular, quite often protestant image of certain historical events and personalities. Of course, Bayle collects numerous aspects concerning a subject in this context and compares the different sources, detects errors and distortion and derives at the end a final, necessarily logic, version of a historical event. Nevertheless, there are also signs which indicate that he is not as impartial as one would expect and he is also pushed by his personal motivations so that his historiographical ambitions turn polemic.All these things considered, the result is that the exterior form of the Dictionnaire historique et critique as a literary work has an important influence on the inner structure and make it even possible, in the case of Bayle, to pursue two perfectly opposite objectives. On the one hand, modern scepticism makes clear that it is necessary to abstain from judgment and from apodictic conclusions in several cases; on the other hand, Bayle is looking for the consensus in historical sources and endeavours to work on reliable historiography which has nevertheless numerous sparks of polemic partiality
Hirigoyen, Arantxa. "Maurice Harrieten (1814-1904) euskara-frantsesa hiztegi eskuizkribua : ikerketa lexikografikoa : A, K eta T hizkiak." Pau, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PAUU1002.
Full textYan, Xiaolei. "Dire la Chine en français : ses représentations dans des dictionnaires et encyclopédies (1627-1877)." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMR006.
Full textThe cultural history study of dictionaries has opened a new field for the research of representations. A retrospection of the extended meaning of the french word “chinois” led us to the present work about representations of China in french dictionaries. With the cultural history of dictionaries as the main theoretical framework, we have studied nine dictionaries whose publication dates cover 250 years. Through observations and analyzes on the formation, the change and the transmission of representations of China, we have uncovered complex influences of multiple factors about the dictionaries on representations, and the significant effect over time of dictionaries on the formation of stereotypes concerning China in the french language
De, Blasi Francesca. "Per un Lessico dei Poeti della Scuola siciliana (LPSs)." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0323/document.
Full textThe research consists on editing the glossary of the Sicilian School texts, with reference to the most recent edition: I Poeti della Scuola siciliana, published in 2008, in the series «I Meridiani» of Mondadori publishing company, edited by Roberto Antonelli (Giacomo da Lentini), Costanzo di Girolamo (Poeti della Corte di Federico II) and Rosario Coluccia (Poeti siculo-toscani).Given the extraordinary importance of the manuscript tradition of Sicilian poetry for the development of Italian literature and poetic language, the Glossary of the Sicilian School considers the stratigraphy of this tradition, by recovering and organizing the lexicon that results from the critical text and the variants rejected by modern editors and recorded in the critical apparatus; it also takes into consideration the very rich modern editorial tradition of these texts, reporting interpretations proposed by different editor
Loguercio, Sandra Dias. "Dictionnaires bilingues et pédagogie de la lecture : vers un dictionnaire français-portugais d'appui à la compréhension écrite et à l'apprentissage du vocabulaire en français langue étrangère." Thesis, Paris 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA030053/document.
Full textThis study is based on the teaching model of reading French as a foreign language by university students who are beginners in this language in Brazil. After presenting the essential topics of this didactic approach and the issues related to the teaching-learning process when reading in a foreign language, in which the lexical acquisition plays a major role, we present the basics of lexicology and lexical semantics, and finally we portray the works developed in pedagogical lexicography, in which we place this study. Regardless of its dissemination among Latin America students and of its continuous reformulation to account for new learning situations, this teaching method contains some gaps. The gaps refer to a critical issue for a large number of readers: the lack of lexical knowledge. This issue relates not only to a lack of vocabulary knowledge, but also to the ability of word learning. In this study, this question has been further studied based on two experimental researches. The first one, using a more prospective approach, aims at identifying the role of the dictionary–especially bilingual dictionaries–in the reading process and the effects of dictionary use in the construction of meaning. The second one compares the use of two lexicographic instruments: a bilingual dictionary and a pedagogical dictionary for learners of French as a foreign language. Both researches yield important information about the integration of a lexical study with this teaching model; additionally, they are complemented by the analysis of the dictionaries available to this target audience. In this way, we can set methodological principles to build a pedagogical dictionary that helps students in reading activities and that supports vocabulary acquisition on the basis of functional lexicography
Gorla, Silvia. "Glosse virgiliane nel Liber glossarum : Saggio di edizione critica delle voci Virgili (lettera A)." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC044.
Full textThis PhD thesis focuses on the Virgilian glosses converged into the Liber glossarum under the label Virgili, offering a sample of critical edition related to the letter A of the glossary, after outlining the critical and bibliographically updated status quaestionis about the Liber
Bisconti, Valentina. "Le sens en partage. Les outils linguistiques et approches théoriques de la signification [fin XIXe- XXe siècles]." Thesis, Paris 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA030163.
Full textThe constant strain between dictionaries and theoretical approaches to signification proves to be one of the major dynamics of the history and the historicity of linguistic ideas. Hence what matters is to bring out the permeability, the effects of continuity and the possible breaking points between dictionaries as linguistic tools and the theoretical approaches that look into meaning. The period considered here provides an understanding of the various forms of this interaction in the medium term. First, this study shows how French monolingual lexicography in the second half of the 19th century contributes to making meaning an object of study. As a matter of fact dictionaries prove to play a heuristic role which reveals the theoretical problems raised by semantic description. From the empirical evidence collected in the context of that description of language, late 19th-century linguists seek to come to a synthesis of observations. A new reading of the debate surrounding the institutionalization of semantics in the 19th century then shows that a lexicographer’s dilemmas are likely to end up in theoretical deadlocks. Nevertheless, the faults found in linguistic tools trigger off further reflection and suggest new hypotheses. Finally, this study aims to trace back the dissipation of the interaction between dictionaries and theoretical approaches to meaning, during the 20th century, thanks to different research perspectives which take on linguistic tools as the model for language, for semantic competence, or as an experimental field
Roy-Garibal, Marine. "Le Parnasse et le Palais : Furetière et la genèse du premier dictionnaire encyclopédique de la langue française (1649-1690)." Paris 4, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA040060.
Full textShen, Feifei. "Les dictionnaires bilingues francais-chinois (1605-1912) : histoire, caractéristiques et typologie." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMR083.
Full textOur thesis deals with the cultural history of the French ↔ Chinese bilingual dictionaries. Our aim is to examine the history of dictionaries through their publishers, lexicographers and printers in order to find characteristics of the selected corpus and to establish a typology of the inventoried dictionaries. This study provides ideas for future work on French and Chinese bilingual lexicography. Our work is divided into two parts : historical study and metalexicographical study. In the historical analysis, a reminder of the chinese history is given at the outset to expose a panorama of the study’s context. The following chapters deal with questions concerning the emergence of bilingual dictionaries in China and their development, publishers and printers, and lexicographers. In the metalexicographic part, emphasis is placed on paratexts, macrostructures, nomenclatures and microstructures. Our research has contributed to the study of French and Chinese bilingual lexicographic
Touati, Samia. "Le péché et son rôle salvateur chez le maître soufi égyptien Ibn 'Atâ' Allâh al-Iskandarî (m.709/1309)." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAC034.
Full textThis dissertation analyzes how Ibn 'Atâ' Allâh al-Iskandarî deals, in his writings, with the notion of sin, highlighting its positive, or salvatory, aspect, taking into account the contributions of previous Sufi writers who played a role in his spiritual education. After an overview of the situation in Egypt in the early Mamluk era, this work tries to draw the portrait of Ibn 'Ata Allah by treating some less known dimensions of his personality and demonstrating the importance of his works in transmitting the spiritual teaching he received orally from his masters, the founders of the Shâdhiliyya. Concerning the concept of sin, it is first analyzed through a lexicographical study, before retracing the ways in which it was addressed by Muhâsibî, Makkî Qushayrî, Ghazâlî and Ibn 'Arabî. The latter’s influence on Ibn 'Atâ’ Allâh, often minimized in earlier works, is demonstrated in more than one respect, both in the way he describes Adam’s sin and in his general approach tending to transcend the existence of an immutable duality between sin and obedience
Guérard, Françoise. "Le dictionnaire monolingue dans l'apprentissage du français à l'école élémentaire. Histoire et rôle pédagogique, de la monarchie de Juillet à nos jours." Phd thesis, Université de la Sorbonne nouvelle - Paris III, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00865517.
Full textTremblay, Manon. "Les dictionnaires de la langue crie : histoire et regard critique." Thèse, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/16571.
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