Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Critique littéraire – États-Unis – 20e siècle'
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Lemoine, Xavier. "Naissance et développement du théâtre queer aux États-Unis." Paris 10, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA100112.
Full textAlthough the notion of Queer Theater only began to develop in the early 1990s its stretch back to the beginning of the 20th century. Indeed, the portrayal of homosexuality on the stage has been shaped by moral and legal censorship revealing the tensions articulating theater as a whole. Queer theory, based on theoretical intertextuality, enables us to examine the way in which sex, gender, race and class are formed and how they are interrelated. Within this framework, queer criticism interrogates the politics of representation and attempts to grasp the forces that determine the boundaries separating the visible from the invisible. A general survey of drama reveals the variations that define both a history of Queer Theater and its construction as a category. "Homosexual theater," firstly characterized by the trope of the closet, was subsequently developed by a gay and lesbian theater informed by the trope of the coming out. Although this distinction is in itself an epistemological effect, it provides basic markers and explains the emergence of Queer Theater. Rejecting moot issues spawned by identity politics, Queer Theater sets out to utilize strategies against normative impulses perpetuated by a monolithic conception of the subject. Thus, Queer Theater offers a crosspollination that runs counter to the predominance of binary oppositions on stage. It then delves into the reception and production modes and attempts to open up the closure of interpretations and meanings of the text in order to go beyond heteronormativity. The AIDS crisis accelerated this process by questioning the status of the body furthered as well by the practice of camp, pornography and S/M. These aspects of queer performance, made more complex due to their performative effects, illustrate the queer momentum. Queer Theater therefore is a determining force on the stage, both pointing to its limitations and signaling new paths to keep it alive and on the cutting edge
Yechouti, Yahya. "L'oeuvre littéraire d'Alice Walker." Paris 4, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA040131.
Full textThis dissertaion studies the literary production of alice walker until 1990. It includes thus her four novels, her four books of poetry, her two collections of short stories, and finally her two collections of essays. Known particularly by her third novel, the color purple which brought her worldwide fame, alice walker is caracterized by her feminist committment. She has however changed the term feminist to "womanist" to distingwish her afro-american movement from that of the white feminists. She is also known by her challenge and rebellion against the social taboos and conventions, and against the canons of the different literary genres. The dissertation tries furthermore to analyse the biographical reasons of this rebellion and adoption of the womanist movement, the manifestations of her ideology in her work, the often successful balance between this ideology and her art , and finally the development of her vision through time and through her works from a radical womanist to a humanist
Diouf, Abdourahmane. "Esthétique, politique et éthique : la création littéraire dans l’œuvre romanesque de John Steinbeck." Thesis, Le Mans, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LEMA3008.
Full textJohn Steinbeck’s works cannot be reduced to a strict aesthetic or ideological categorization. They are often studied at the crossroads of colourful styles that intermingle and clash, in order to grasp the substratum of the work behind its varieties. The challenge of this thesis is to study the link between aesthetics, politics and ethics, starting not from the writer's political positions but from the works themselves, in order to analyze the ways in which these notions can be dynamically and progressively highlighted as the work unfolds over four decades. Moving from the lyrical and picaresque novel to the social novel (particularly Tortilla Flat and the Dust Bowl Novels trilogy: In Dubious Battle, Of Mice and Men and The Grapes of Wrath), John Steinbeck makes it possible for a political critique to be constructed in his work based on a questioning of the linearity of narrative discourse. Like the form of the discourse, the narrative “content” conveys and develops a political vision that substitutes for the American Dream and its utopian “Melting Pot” a more realistic sociopolitical structure in which one perceives “two opposing classes”, by virtue of the system of capitalist domination. Steinbeck reworked the novel genre to develop a providential, humanist and anti-capitalist vision. By testing the notions of plot, protagonist (or “hero”) and temporality, he placed this political critique at the very heart of the writing process, inviting readers to take a fresh look at his more “political” works of the 1930s and 1950s, and at the links between modernism, political engagement and ecology. Although some of his works are radically contested, he has made constant use of the myth of origins. This recourse to the mythical thoughts of the founding American texts acts as a hyphen allowing him to deconstruct literarily the dominant political discourses of his society
Espejo, Roberto. "Paul Goodman et la critique en éducation : vers une pédagogie critique existentielle." Paris 8, 2011. http://octaviana.fr/document/163812330#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full textIn this thesis we explore the contribution of Paul Goodman’s (1911-1972) pedagogical ideas to a critical theory of education. We consider our problem demonstrating that: a) the problem of alienation is central in Goodman’s discourse, b) the relevance of Goodman’s gestalt theory for understanding his analysis of education and c) that an existential component must be taken into account in order to describe his pedagogical approach. Goodman’s role in the development of gestalt therapy, expressed mainly through his “theory of the Self”, is considered as a basis for his anthropological approach. This approach is important in order to consider Goodman’s relationship to progressive education and other critical models, such as libertarian pedagogy. Goodman provides a strong criticism of the educational system of the United States in the sixties at all levels: primary, secondary and higher education. This criticism should be understood according to his gestalt-philosophy and his libertarian ideas. We show how critical ideas in education were already present in the American movement of progressive education (John Dewey) and in his offshoot, the social reconstruction movement (George Counts). This movement is an important element for understanding Goodman’s ideas, as well as for the development of the American movement of critical pedagogy. This trend is considered by us as an important contribution to educational theory. We explore Goodman’s heritage and his and the possibility of broadening the idea of critical pedagogy, through considering its “existential” aspect
Bertrand, Anne. "Walker Evans, écrits et propos. Edition critique." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC122.
Full textThis thesis aims to provide a critical study of the texts Walker Evans (1903-1975) signed and published during his lifetime. One of the most important photographers of the United States, from his exhibition "American Photographs," at the Museum of Modern Art(MoMA) of New York, and the eponymous book, in 1938, Evans first wanted to become a writer. With the exception of one decade, from the early 1930s to the early 1940s, when hefocused solely on photography and produced the core of his work, never in his life did Evansstop writing. However, he did not theorize about photography but sparingly, and quite late in life. An essay is considering the relation of the photographer to writing ; a selective anthology gathersmost of his texts, each with an introduction which presents and analyses its contents, in the light of sources from the Walker Evans Archive at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York; an iconographical volume reproduces Evans's publications combining his texts and images. Evanswrote as a critic for Time Magazine (1943-1945) beside his friend Agee, then contributed to Fortune(1945-1965). He there invented the form of portfolios combining a short text he would write and images, either by him or by others, often times on vernacular subjects. Furthermore, he would sign critical essays in various periodicals, particularly on photography. From the end of the 1960s, while he was teaching at Yale University, he would publish a few theoretical writings which are decisive for the history of the medium, notably the interview with Leslie Katz which was published at the occasion of Evans's second retrospective at MoMA, in 1971. Here Evans coined the phrase "documentary style", which qualified his own photography, and would apply to manyworks by contemporary artists. At get being his main reference for photography, the other references he mentions are principally literary: Flaubert and Baudelaire, or James, Proust, Nabokov. They indicate how concerned the photographer was, always, with writing, and style
Destoppeleire, Sandra. "Représentations de la judéité dans l'oeuvre romanesque et picturale de Chaim Potok." Paris 7, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA070046.
Full textJudaism is the essence of Chaim Potok's work. Potokian fiction, a profound immersion in the world of orthodox American Jewry, claims to mirror this reality. Potok's realistic perspective, aided by his descriptive technique, provides an accurate testimony of this world. The first part of this thesis concentrates on the geographical and sociological contexts of the wolrd depicted by Potok, while the second part focuses on a portayal of the Jewish-American community as it grapples with History. Potokian fiction cannot be understood as merely a portrait of reality, its didactic and ideological functions prevent such simplification. Indeed, the content of Potok's writing reveals the author's Hebraic ethical heritage : thus, this third part of this study focuses on the ethical and mystical aspects of his fiction. The problem of evil is woven into all of Potok's work, with Cabbalistic thought a particularly pregnant influence in this respect. As the Shoah is at the heart of his reflection on the notion of evil, Potok offers a true philosophical examination of the inexpressible
Pittalis, Patrick. "La poétique de Robinson Jeffers sur "La route inhumaine"." Paris 4, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA040048.
Full textThis study aims at a critical approach to Robinson Jeffers's works and unfolds from the notion of inhumanism the poet coined. Following a logical progression in three sequences, it aims at revealing how Jeffers' poetic thought developed and examines its critical and programmatic structure. The first sequence, dealing with the conflicting views of the poet on modernity, science, religion and humanism, exposes Jeffers social and cultural critical analysis which led him to the idea of inhumanism and which reveal the basis of his poetics. The second examines his poetic program based on the concept of solitude and on a revaluation of the role of man in nature. The study of notions and concepts as solitude, world, earth, nature reveals the poet's biocentric vision and his aesthetics of nature, both establishing a connection between poetry and phenomenology. The study ends with an examination of Jeffers rhetorical devices and use of myth, narrative, and didacticism in order to support and nourish his idea of inhumanism; it also leads to a reconsideration of Jeffers' poetics in the vaster framework of modernism and the response to romanticism. To conclude, the emphasis is laid on Jeffers' importance as a turning point towards postmodernism. His poetry, written during the emerging and blooming years of modernist poetry opens the way to a postmodern narrative poetry and ecologically responsible poetry. Though it cannot be considered as a major poetic work, it must be seen as a precursor
Planchard, de Cussac Etienne de. "L'Oeuvre romanesque de George Washington Cable (1844-1925) : essai d'interprétation et d'évaluation." Lyon 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LYO20034.
Full textLouisiana-born novelist George Washington Cable (1844-1925) is still listed today in literary histories as a local colorist who wrote about the creoles of Louisiana. The purpose of this doctoral dissertation is to demonstrate that the novelist, a southerner who adopted the democratic values of the union and thus became a heretic in his section, is essentially a political writer, and that the unity, strength and originality of his work derive from his political purpose. This interpretation leaves aside all the fiction he published John March, Southerner, which is his last foray against the south. Because Cable depended on writing to earn his living, his work was deeply influenced by the socio-economic conditions of his time, and especially by the demands of the national monthly reviews and their readers. He gained nation-wide fame through local color fiction, but was able to enlarge the narrow scope of that genre by combining it with the american romance and to infuse the picturesque creole life with the truth of the human heart to confer a universal import to his best novel, The Grandissimes. Then Cable abandoned the "romance" for realism which, to him, seemed a better approach to a picture of society intended to persuade the south to adopt a more democratic attitude. Indeed, by confronting that section with a true image of herself, he hoped to defeat her propensity for creating a mythical image of her experience all the more easily as this image usually went unchallenged by southern public opinion. John March, Southerner, is a good example of this strategy. Eventually Cable bowed to the hostility of his editors and the indifference of his readers, and abandoned his criticism of the south in favor of less scathing fiction. Thus, what he wrote after John March, Southerner, is of little interest. Yet, Cable blazed the trail for the 20th century southern novelists. His main qualities as a writer lie in his exceptional ability to unravel the skein of social intricacies and his unfailing command of the english language, but his work is often marred by sentimentality. Three of his books deserve to be remembered : Old creole days, The Grandissimes and John March, Southerner
Urs, Luminita. "La ville nord-américaine dans la poésie québécoise des années 1980-2000." Paris 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA040222.
Full textAmerica stands as a privileged reference in Quebec's poetry today. Dislodging the poetry of the earth and nationalistic-sounding rhetoric, a new American poetry arises with the eighties. It valorises the themes of the city, a cosmopolitan and playful space as well as that of the transcontinental journey. A place of diversity, but also, of violence and solitude, it is the expression of multiculturalism and of the melting-pot. It is mainly defined by its belonging to the North-American continent. The Quebec poet crosses metropolises like Montreal, New York, Los Angeles or San Francisco, in order to account for the changes in the reference of Americanism and in 20th century modernity. Other cities, from Europe or other places, enhance this poetic imaginary. Although written in French, the Quebec poetry of the eighties assimilates the experience of the Beat Generation (Jack Kerouac, Allen Ginsberg, William Burroughs) and of the American underground. The importance granted to Americanism is motivated by US cultural references to cinema, to literature, to jazz and rock'n'roll. Quebec poetry of the eighties nevertheless retrieves intimacy, by " small islands " in " liveable " places, with Louise Dupré, Hélène Dorion, Jacques Brault et François Charron
Price-Chupin, Helen. "Tensions dans l'œuvre d'Anne Tyler : une écriture de l'entre-deux." Paris 4, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA040159.
Full textThis thesis proposes a stylistic approach to the fiction of Anne Tyler, examining how it reveals or conceals a certain number of tensions running through her work. In the first part, we study the strategies put in place regarding certain generic conventions, those of the Southern novel and those of the traditional realist novel. The second part is dedicated to a study of the structure and the function of space. This part also proposes a psychoanalytic approach to the use of space in Tyler's work. The third part addresses the question of the intertextual presence of the work of Emerson and Thoreau as well as that of the Quaker religion, treating the subject through the detailed study of selected passages and with particular attention paid to the treatment of silence and the banal. Between transparency and opacity, closed space and open space, narcissism and objectal relations, concealment and revelation, Tyler's work can be defined as presenting an intermediary style of writing
Amoretti, Julien. "Le souffle et la glaise : logique de l'image dans l'oeuvre de William Faulkner (1919-1942)." Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA070040.
Full textThe topic of this study is Faulkner's imagery, considered as a specific language. Using concepts derived from structuralist and formalist criticism, this essay attempts to describe the vocabulary and syntax that characterize Faulkner's imagery, in order to determine the rules that explain the co-presence of some of these images within a specific textual unit and how they evolve as the narrative develops. The analysis focuses on defining a seminal signifying unit, both descriptive and narrative, out of which Faulkner's imagery unfolds through a complex network of reformulations and variations. Systematic textual study allows us to explore the various images that recur in Faulkner's poetry and fiction from 1919 to 1942: characters (mother and father images, lovers, doubling figures), settings (pastoral landscapes, ruins, rivers, the wilderness, etc. ) but also types of narratives (love quests, flight situations, confrontations, monument building, etc. ). The purpose of this analysis is to shed light on the relations that connect Faulkner's images and how these help create meaning in the text
Montaclair, Florent. "Fantastique et anticipation chez Jules Verne et Howard Phillip Lovecraft." Paris 4, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA040097.
Full textJules Verne (1828-1905), the French writer, and Howard Phillips Lovecraft (1890-1937), the American writer, have been considered, in their respective countries, as creators of a new literary genre - science fiction. The works of both the authors are linked to the problematic of inserting modernity, and the knowledge which comes with it, in fiction. The aim of this research is to analyze what is common to both writers, how their work is innovative and whether their work becomes - or not - the prolongation of the literary movements which triumphed in their century. The rejection of a fantastic literary genre is inscribed within the movement which determines their work and forms an aspect which will be examined in depth. By using three points of comparison (namely proxemics, characteristics of the supernatural, and the narrator's role in the text), the formal and historical perspective of this research tries to study Lovecraft and Verne in their own century so as to bring out their uniqueness within the literary context of the period
Boissier, Laurence. "Le roman policier juridique dans l'Amérique contemporaine." Montpellier 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON30010.
Full textCohen-Cheminet, Geneviève. "L'entretien infini : modernité poétique et tradition appropriée dans l'oeuvre de Charles Reznikoff." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996CLF20093.
Full textThe underlying idea of this research is that the poetical modernity of charles reznikoff's works should be related to the jewish hermeneutical tradition. Great labor allowed reznikoff to delve into the jewish textual heritage and to make the jewish tradition of interpretation consonant with his search for new poetical modes. Therefore the issue of the ethnic representativity of reznikoff's writings is less irrelevant than the relation existing between the jewish heritage of interpretation and reznikoff's aesthetic concerns. An introduction and a prologue lay out the conceptual groundwork and pragmatic approach chosen for this study. Poetical enunciation is analysed both from the point of view of the poet-as-reader (hypertextuality) and from the point of view of the poet-for-a-reader (dialogical seriality). A first part assesses the specificity of reznikoff's writing as evidenced in his relation to space and the american city. Then a second part is devoted to the relation of the poet to history. Our hypothesis is that reznikoff's relation to the past is textual and we use the concept of commentary as his mode of relating to past textual chains either on the basis of rupture or on the basis of a retrieved genealogy. In a third part, the concept of commentary is displaced towards other tragical archivial chains. Charles reznikoff reads them in the messianic context of the reader's coming. Like messiah's coming, the reader's opening of the book is not warranted but, should it happen, it will transform lost traces into meaningful signs. Writing and reading thus constitute the two aspects of an infinite conversation between poet and reader
Caruana, Valérie. "La question de la représentation dans l'oeuvre de Ralph Waldo Ellison." Paris 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA030137.
Full textThis study consists in analysis of the question of the representation in the work of Afro-american author Ralph Ellison, through his two novels published in almost a half century of interval, his short stories, and his numerous essays, articles, correspondences, and interviews. In his work, Ralph Ellison aims at revealing and showing o form of unity beyond the apparent diversity, beyond the visible and the invisible borders, and beyond the symbolic analogy between the pictorial concept of collage and the American identity scheme. Moreover, Ellison underlines that the reception of his works constitutes a parallel work with that of creation, making these two stages of writing and reading immutable and necessary to the life of creation itself. Representation invites the reader to a process of reconstruction (as opposed to debunking). The study analyzes the theories and the mechanisms of the representation from an historical point of view, and then such as the author exploits them in his writing, but also the limits of which mimesis can be the object. Representation also conveys didactic motivations: it aims at blending the Afro-Americans and Westerners artistic heritages (reason for the rejection of Ralph Ellison by other Afro-Americans authors). Representation is also a vector of historicity through the expression of the Afro-American experience , the dilemma of non-representation, the complex questions of collective memory and denial, the integration of the Afro-American cultural heritage into American history. Meanwhile, representation creates an aesthetic model by creating and launching a space of neutrality, promising a formidable metaphorical creative drive, together with the participation of the musical dimension in the narrative scheme. Representation constitutes for Ralph Ellison a tool in his mimetic strategy and this tool fulfils a function of analysis and criticism of the dilemma of hybridity
D, Schooley Béatrice. "Personnes, Personnel et Impersonnel dans l’œuvre de Richard Powers." Thesis, Paris 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA030161/document.
Full textRichard Powers’ novels are best known for the diverse and rich quality of their themes, for the density of their historic and socio-economic contents, as well as for the level of technicality with which they handle a variety of scientific themes, yet they also leave a place of choice to the characters. Their role consists in both mirroring a social reality and holding the paramount function of organizing the course of the narrative, as they express Powers’ vision of contemporary America and constitute a space of literary experimentation. These novels focus on the ways human beings who are caught in a world saturated with new technological means and struggling through constant social and political mutations, can fight to preserve and reinvent their personal identity. The author chooses both a sociological and philosophical approach by expressing his vision of the contemporary American society and by putting at the very center of his works the notion of relationship to oneself and to others. The narrative implications of such interests in the increasing complexity of the ontological status of the individual are multiple and lead to the construction of changing and discontinuous characters who refract more than they absorb an energy that can be recirculated at the triple level of the fiction, the readers, and the act of writing. Accounting for the destruction of the unity of the individual in the contemporary American world, the modalities of Powers’ character writing push back the boundaries of the traditional individualistic and personal concept of literary character and substitute to it a paradoxically welcoming, fragmentary and impersonal vision of the human nature
Gourbe, Géraldine. "Prolégomènes à une réflexion sur l'être-ensemble : analyse critique de la performance nord-américaine des années 70-80." Paris 10, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA100089.
Full textWe questioned political and aesthetic links between artistic performance and feminist speeches from the critical analysis of a North American artistic and feminist collective of the seventies and the eighties, the Feminist Art Program. We located our research about art and feminism, at first, in the epistemologic context of the queer theory's spreading in North America then Europe, a theory who favoured rapprochement between performance and questions of gender identity. We considered then another reading of feminist performances by considering them to be productions being recovering from conventions, from contexts of appearance and from exchanges configurant of alternatives for a group-being. The collective experience of the Feminist Art Program is in this title a peculiar example. We finally set out to show that feminist and artistic practice is not reserved for the only problems of the woman and gender, but on the contrary participates in a global politic which question the society as a whole
Roudeau, Cécile. "Pays, pages, paysages : écriture du lieu : la Nouvelle-Angleterre de Sarah Orne Jewet, Mary E. Wilkins Freemen, Alice Brown et Rose Terry Cooke." Paris 4, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA040225.
Full textThe thesis argues that New England women writers, and Sarah Orne Jewett principally among them, rewrote New England as a literary locus and territorial muse. Their rewriting is placed within the larger context of New England’s transition from a normative and synecdochic center of the nation to a region among others. By choosing a genre and a literary object which had been classified as minor, these women-writers transformed the place to which they had been assigned in the world of letters into a site of creation (lieu)–that is a site of continuous invention. They used the malleability of the margins to reshape the tropes of the New England imaginary in their own words. In lieu of a New England which has been interpreted alternatively as either a site of local color or, more recently, a deterritorialized region, the thesis reterritorializes the life and shape, history and memory of this locus which both framed the work of women writers at the turn of the twentieth century and was reinvented by them
Grenon, Carole. "L'économie du principe féminin dans l'oeuvre d'Ernest J. Gaines." Thesis, Paris 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA030009.
Full textThis thesis studies the principles of the feminine in Ernest J. Gaines’ six novels: Catherine Carmier, Of Love and Dust, A Gathering of Old Men, In My Father’s House, A Lesson Before Dying and The Autobiography of Miss Jane Pittman. It defines the feminine subject and identifies its moral principles. There is a gradual evolution of the feminine in the works of Ernest J. Gaines. From Catherine Carmier to The Autobiography of Miss Jane Pittman, the feminine strengthens itself. In the first novels, the feminine acts out of duty, advocates wisdom, which prevents it from creating things. The feminine gradually reaffirms itself through language and faces the masculine. This work explores the violence of the abnormal construction of the Black self and the strategies of deconstruction of the myth of white supremacy. The analysis of the reconstruction of the self shows a redefinition of genres. The feminine is virilized and feminizes the masculine. Finally, in The Autobiography of Miss Jane Pittman, the feminine becomes militant and activist. The mother of the black community, identifying herself with the female Divine Law of the family, embodies female agency; she raises her sons and teaches them moral principles. The feminine and the masculine function as mirror images of each other; they work to get the recognition of the White man, and they seek to improve themselves. This study highlights the idea of dignity in death, of freedom which asserts itself in negativity
Nicolini, Juliette. "Le visuel chez Gilbert Sorrentino : figures et couleurs du purisme." Thesis, Paris 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA030126.
Full textGilbert Sorrentino is often presented as an emblematic postmodernist writer. This study focuses on colour and the visual in five works in particular : The Sky Changes, Steelwork, Splendide-Hôtel, Aberration of Starlight and Crystal Vision. Far from the egalitarianism of postmodernism, modernist principles go along with a moralizing and exclusive viewpoint. Intermediate values of grey imply uncertainty which refer to the amorphous and to evil. The burden of a religious education is felt in the opposition between dark values, which refer to sin, and flashing light which breaks into the mournful grey, giving life and form to space. The radicalism of Sorrentino’s aesthetic position shows in his taste for contrasts in colour, namely in Splendide-Hôtel. Black and white set up a sharp contrast, as in Franz Kline’s paintings. The elegiac stand of the author is asserted by the opposition between red and grey. A taste for synthesis leads to a simplification of shapes and colours which evokes the Minimal Art movement. A propensity for immaterial and immutable abstraction is noticed. Sorrentino expresses colour by using generic terms, thus taking account of the inability of language to encompass the real. This respect of the language idiosyncrasy matches Clement Greenberg’s purism. Crystal Vision is based on two ill-assorted sources (A. E. Waite’s Rider deck and Steelwork) which produces a tension between the high symbolism of the cards and the sordid reality of Steelwork. By setting a dichotomy between the secular visible and the sacred invisible, Sorrentino goes towards the platonic and medieval mind. The ironic transposition of images proceeds from a defeated idealism
Waters, Maureen Eileen. "L'américanité : perspectives états-uniennes, franco-canadiennes et amérindiennes." Paris 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA030088.
Full textThe present study consists of a comparative study in North American literature in regards to the notion of l'américanité. As we re-read the classic North American novel, we trace the emergence and evolution of l'américanité in the works of authors such as Jack London, Ralph Ellison and Alain Grandbois. The novels of Scott Momaday and D'Arcy McNickle further our comprehension of l'américanité from the Native American perspective. The final chapters look at the myth of wandering in relation to exile and artistic production in the works of Germaine Guèvremont and Gabrielle Roy. Jack Kerouac, given his French Canadian heritage, serves as a constant bridge between the United States and French Canadian novel. Reader and great admirer of Thomas Wolfe, the famous beat generation writer comes to inspire Jacques Poulin with Volkswagen blues. With this thesis we aim to open up new perspectives on old debates, encourage a more balanced view of l'américanité, and challenge what we consider to be a false discourse on the notion of Americanization
Charollois, Louis. "Mémoires d'homme d'état américains : mémoire de l'Amérique ?" Bordeaux 3, 2009. https://extranet.u-bordeaux-montaigne.fr/memoires/diffusion.php?nnt=2011BOR30039.
Full textOver the 20th Century, the memoirs of American Presidents have turned into a political common practice as well as unquestioned best sellers. The study of the memoirs will bring the question of the existence of a special link between the memoirs of American statesmen and the memory of America. We will mainly study four memoirs : two books drafted by Republican Presidents : Richard Nixon and George H. Bush and two others written by two Democrats: Lyndon B. Johnson and Jimmy Carter. Three parts will be needed : our first part will examine the permanent traits and similitudes between the memoirs. The second part will deal with the differences between the various books , which tend appear in the literary form as well as the content of the message delivered: some writers tell about their whole life starting from their childhood whiles others only explain the years spent as a political leader. The third and last part will examine the historical perspective of the memoirs: even if some historians tend to question the validity of such books, other political observers rely on them and the effort made by the writers to deliver proper and quite objective messages have to underlined
Schultze, Marie-Laure. "Une lecture d'un genre, l'heroïc fantasy : Royaume-Uni, Etats-Unis, 1932-1982." Bordeaux 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR30067.
Full textConsidering heroic fantasy as a genre, how can it be defined? medieval romances, epics and fairy tales are among its ancestors. Its heroes are either tragic sadists or comic masochists. Read by teenagers and young adults, heroic fantasy may help them to become more mature; consequently, the stories that it tells can be compared to initiatory rites
Crignon, Cyril. "Le "dripping" de Jackson Pollock et le "zip" de Barnett Newman : les deux pôles de construction du lieu dans la peinture "à l'américaine" : pour une approche philosophique de la question." Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010521.
Full textPavlouskova, Nela. "Réflexion dans le processus créatif : les actes abstraits dans l'œuvre de Cy Twombly." Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010505.
Full textFoubert, Jean. "David Lynch et le film noir (1986-1997)." Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA070049.
Full textThis dissertation is essentially concerned in exploring the relation of David Lynch to classic and contemporary American film noir. Our analysis bears on the films "Blue Velvet" (1986), "Twin Peaks : Fire Walk With Me" (1992) and "Lost Highway" (1997) as well as on the television series "Twin Peaks" (1989-1991). It focuses on David Lynch's appropriative and subversive strategies of film noir's narratives conventions and it also deals with the specificities and the innovative qualities of his noirs. Our object was to show how, by reappropriating and renewing Hollywood film noir genre, Lynch celebrates the expressive and creative potential in the cinematographic discourse
Monnanteuil, François. "Thomas Jefferson et la France." Paris 4, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA040069.
Full textMouëllic, Gilles. "Jazz et cinéma : convergences esthétiques." Rennes 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999REN20009.
Full textJazz was born out of the meeting of two cultures, African culture, supposedly more spontaneous, and western culture, founded on the idealism inherited from classical Greece. What was New Orleans folk music at the beginning of the 20th century became universally known as an art form through the use of new technical developments, including the cinema, which played an important role in this movement. With the presence of musicians in movie theatres and on silent film screens, the influence of swing and the big bands on the major American cinema genres during the nineteen thirties and forties, and the creation of Hollywood jazz which took over during the following decade, film making was permanently inspired by the new aesthetic which gradually left its mark on all aspects of the arts this century while at the same time and even up to the present refusing to recognize the great black film directors. While black American cinema, marginal but fascinating, tried to give jazz its rightful place, a few white film makers began to take this music as a model. This is the case for John Cassavetes in his first film Shadows (1959) where two aesthetics, jazz and the cinema, came together at last. Other directors became inspired, consciously or not, by jazz: Shirley Clarke in the US, but also Jean-Luc Godard and Jean Rouch in Europe. Most of this activity took place in the late nineteen fifties in works marked by the desire to work differently in film making. For Gilles Deleuze it was during those years that the reversal between "time-image" and "movement-image" became perfectly visible. If modern jazz was present at that time, it was no accident: great musicians were also trying to subordinate movement to time. Conquering a new space: that was then the joint ambition of jazz and the cinema, found also in the most innovating currents in
Hutchins-Viroux, Rachel. "Nationalisme et identité nationale dans les manuels d'histoire américaine de l'enseignement primaire au Texas : 1982-1997." Nancy 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NAN21027.
Full textHistory textbooks construct and transmit an official version of a nation's past, and as such are highly contested political terrain. An examination of the textbooks that were adopted for use in primary education by the very influential state of Texas in 1982 and 1997 reveals the evolution of the representation of American identity and the way in which American history was written following the multiculturalist movements of the 1960s/1970s and the conservative backlash and the "culture wars" of the 1980s/1990s. Notably, multiculturalist viewpoints are attenuated in the world of public primary education by the persistent predominance of a traditionalist vision which refuses to recognize the significance of racism in the American past, and which demands the glorification of the nation and the inculcation of patriotism. This thesis analyzes the effects of these tensions on the books' text and iconography in light of the debates concerning identity and nationalism in the 1980s and 1990s
Dryansky, Larisa. "Déplacements : les usages de la cartographie et de la photographie dans l'art américain des années 1960 et du début des années 1970 : les cas de Mel Bochner, Douglas Huebler, Dennis Oppenheim, Ed Ruscha et Robert Smithson." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010557.
Full textPaquereau, Marine. "Le réalisme social américain à l'ère postmoderne : (Russell Banks, Raymond Carver, Richard Ford)." Thesis, Dijon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015DIJOL017/document.
Full textHis study focuses on the works of Russell Banks, Raymond Carver and Richard Ford. They started writing during the 1960s and 1970s, at a time when the self-reflexivity and metafictional play of postmodernist writers were drawing a lot of critical attention in academic circles. However, they consider themselves to be realist writers. In “A Few Words about Minimalism,” John Barth suggested that the return to realist fiction in the mid-1970s could be both a reaction against so-called “postmodernist” fiction and a symptom of the social and economic unease of the period. Indeed, Cathedral, Continental Drift and The Sportswriter describe in accurate detail the everyday lives of ordinary American men and women during Reagan’s presidency. This study demonstrates that these authors are part of the American realist tradition, but that their strand of social realism also takes into account the postmodern context in which they write, by dealing with problems of representation that are typical of the period. Their works both use and challenge the literary conventions associated with the realist tradition, by underlining the artificiality of mimetic illusion at a time when reality itself is seen as a linguistic construct
Boutet, Marjolaine. "L'identité américaine face à la guerre (1898-1991) : étude de l'évolution des récits des guerres étrangères dans les manuels d'Histoire des Etats-Unis à destination du secondaire." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009IEPP0033.
Full textThis Ph. D belongs to the fields of American studies, cultural studies, social history and mentality history. It analyses how the war narratives have evolved throughout the twentieth century in 145 American History textbooks for secondary schools published between 1901 and 1991, focusing on 5 foreign wars in which the United States have fought : the Spanish-American War, the two World Wars, the Korean War and the Vietnam War. Indeed, within the story of the building of the American nation, the narratives of foreign wars fought from the advent of the U. S. As a world power to the apogee of their power at the end of the Cold War help to understand the specificities and the evolution of the American identity throughout the twentieth century by studying the pedagogical debates, the evolution of public opinion, the one of historiography and analyzing the content of these textbooks. From 1898 to 1917, American History textbooks are vehicles of a proud and confident patriotism. From 1918 to 1939 they mirror the complex and strained relationship between Europe and the United States. From 1940 to 1964, they are ideological weapons against fascism (until 1946), and then against communism (from 1947 on). From 1965 to 1979, American History textbooks remained relatively silent on the major cultural and social issues of the 60s and 70s. In the 1980s, they portray the new multicultural consensus on American identity
Oudart, Clément. "Les métamorphoses du modernisme de H.D. à Robert Duncan : vers une poétique de la relation." Phd thesis, Université de la Sorbonne nouvelle - Paris III, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00947767.
Full textGuerrero, Victoria. "Roberto Matta Echaurren : sa période new-yorkaise, 1938-1948." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33527.
Full textMontréal Trigonix inc. 2018
Riaudel, Michel. "Intertextualité et transferts (Brésil, Etats-Unis, Europe) : réécritures de la modernité poétique dans l’œuvre d’Ana Cristina Cesar (Rio de Janeiro, 1952-1983)." Paris 10, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA100096.
Full textAna Cristina Cesar (Rio de Janeiro, 1952-1983) made of her poetical work a crossroad of modern and contemporary literature by quoting, diverting, translating, imitating, in a more or less clandestine way, her favourite authors of Lusophone, English, French or Spanish expression: W. Whitman, E. Dickinson, K. Mansfield, T. S. Eliot, R. Lowell (following the steps of his Imitations), C. Baudelaire, S. Mallarmé, H. Michaux, Manuel Bandeira, Mário de Andrade, Jorge de Lima, Octavio Paz… This study aims at analysing the modalities of these intertextual encounters, notably by an examination of her readings and manuscripts. Nonetheless, far beyond these statements, her sharp interest for translation and interlinguistic puns, as is testified by her activity as a translator and her Master of Arts in literary translation obtained in 1980 at the University of Essex (United Kingdom), allows us to problematize the convergences and divergences operating in the processes of reading and writing, hermeneutics and creation. These forms of secondary writing bring about effects of cultural and poetical transfers, mechanisms of repetition and difference, metonymic shifts in meaning. Thus, some of the problematics at the core of poetical modernity re-emerge in a very singular manner: the defining of the lyric subject, the dialogical relationship to the reader, the link between body and signifier. This study of comparative poetry casts a light on a very peculiar moment in Brazilian poetry, which seems here to emancipate itself from a sort of postcolonial complex
Rivière, Nathalie. "Le cinéma américain de science-fiction de 1968 à 2001 : prospective et perspectives." Caen, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CAEN1474.
Full textAndréolle, Donna. "Dialectique idéologique et sociale dans la science fiction féminine aux Etat-Unis, 1966-1996 : querelles du présent, utopies du futur." Grenoble 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE3A002.
Full textRoy, André. "LE «DRAME HUMAIN» CHEZ POLLOCK ET ROTHKO Authenticité, subjectivité et quête existentielle dans la peinture abstraite américaine du milieu du 20e siècle." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27846/27846.pdf.
Full textMaho, Jonathan. "Regards sur l'oeuvre de Robert Mapplethorpe : réception au-delà des Culture Wars (1970-2010)." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC052.
Full textOur study takes as its object the reception of Robert Mapplethorpe's work. By examining exhibitions and publications, it retraces the evolution of the critical discourse. The latter is considered for its deficiencies with regards to the polemical context of the Culture Wars — a latent conflict characterized by a series of ideological, disputes between conservatives and liberals in the United States. In the first part, we work to decontextualize the reception of Mapplethorpe's work, showing that censorship, often seen as a consequence of the controversy with which the artist has been involved, must be understood, as of the 1970s, to have been a central theme of his work. We notably demonstrate that the content of his art and exhibitions has been shaped by multiple constraints during the entirety of his career. In the second part, we offer an opportunity to study the lesser-known of his works, revealing key principals that have been neglected in studies conducted with a formalist approach. After having criticized this conventional approach (understood here to be the main problem in the reception of his oeuvre), we propose, in a third part, novel arguments that make it possible to focus on the works' content. More generally, our transdisciplinary method makes it possible to value the artist's personal archives, which have been largely underexplored in existing research
Pecorari, Marie. "Le Théâtre de Charles Ludlam (1943-1987)." Thesis, Paris 4, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA040194/document.
Full textThis monograph on the theatrical works of Charles Ludlam (1943-1987), playwright, actor, director and founder of the Ridiculous Theatrical Company (1967-1987) in New York City, aimes at exploring the poetic underpinnings of the plays. Based on the study of the works’ reception, of Ludlam’s archive an down commentaries, and above all, of the plays per se, our purpose was ton reexamine the validity of the critical judgements on works which have note been seriously reconsidered since their original opening. Distancing ourselves from the usual labels attached to the playwright (gay theatre, entertainment, parody) we show that any real understanding of Ludlam ought to rely on an confrontation with the tradition of and reflection on western theatre practices. Ludlam thus enjoyed an ambiguous and ambibalent relationship with the avant-garde milieu of which he was part, which accounts in part for the misundersandings to which his work has fallen prey
Encrevé, Lucile. "Brice Marden, opacité et transparence." Paris 4, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA040159.
Full textThe work of the American abstract artist Brice Marden, born in 1938, is made up of two parts outwardly distinct: paintings with monochromatic panels and pictures with a network of lines, which earlier works on paper announced. It is actually very coherent, subjected to opacity and to transparency alike. If the latter is a temptation, the opacity is always triumphant. Two actions of the artist are essential in connection with that: recovering and erasing. His works, whose titles refer to reality or to the whole art history but whose real subjects are death, melancholy, memory and presence, question the possibilities of abstract painting and declare its vitality
Zeis, Vincent. "Stuart Heisler : un kaléidoscope hollywoodien." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMC006.
Full textStuart Heisler is an American director working in the context of major studios based on a division into genres and on actors constituting models for spectators and used to attract crowds in the period from the 1930s to the 1960s. Films by Stuart Heisler will be studied in detail through film analysis, in a stylistic approach of the filmmaker’s career, but also in relation to the global meaning of the films in relation to their narrative, the acting and their use of sets. The relationship between this aesthetic and the films’ modes of production of the can be considered as a direct consequence of Hollywood’s modes of production. So, how to characterize these joint evolutions? They concern both the filmmaker and his production context through time in a historiographical perspective. The study will combine a stylistic and a historiographic approach of Stuart Heisler’s career. Characterizing these evolutions will make it possible to understand the different facets of the director's practice, his manner of cinematographic creation for each film, and finally to make the artistic portrait of the director through his practice within the production system in which he is working. The study will paint the artistic portrait of Stuart Heisler through his insertion in several contexts of production corresponding to the joint evolution of the filmmaker’s career and his production structures. It will define the forms and the modalities of the particular aesthetic coalescence of the director's style, starting from his position as editor during the 1920’s and 1930’s during his career beginnings before the actual directing. The influence of the different collaborators have on Stuart Heisler will be studied before the passage from editing to directing in 1936. Heisler goes towards more independence in 1944 and 1945 whereas his personal will remains framed by the production. Stuart Heisler goes to the situation of a director developing a particular style during the 1940s and 1950s centered around the filmic figure. The central figure of the fire is founded on the destruction of the pro-filmic. The figure of the fire is also related to the figure of bursting and is visible for television production during the 1950s and 1960s. The director is turning towards television in the 1950’s and 1960’s. The filmmaker's familiarity with his work is reflected in the television series. The work will finally study the works inspired by Stuart Heisler's style
Labarre, Nicolas. "Du Kitsch au Camp : théories de la culture de masse aux Etats-Unis, 1944-1964." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00189960.
Full textSantana, Maria do Rosário da Silva. "Elliott Carter : le rapport avec la musique européenne dans le domaine du rythme et du temps." Paris 4, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA040049.
Full textElliott carter is one of the most important composer in USA. His concept on rhythms, tempo, harmony and melody is one of the most important contribute to the music in this century. It starts at 1945 with sonata for piano his research on rhythms and tempo. String's quartet n. 1 [1951] is one of the most representative works on these concepts. This thesis wants to demonstrate the role of the European composers on Carter's language on rhythms and tempo. To answer to this question, we have made several analyses of the most important works of Carter and some of the most important works of European composers. The chosen of these works is found in the criteria of character, particularities and processes of composition on rhythms and tempo. The analysis of these works is make essentially on these characters
Constantinesco, Thomas. "Ralph Waldo Emerson : l'Amérique à l'essai - lectures de l'oeuvre en prose." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA070049.
Full textUpon his death in 1882, Ralph Waldo Emerson had already become a literary monument and was recognized as a founding figure of American culture. Published in 1837, "The American Scholar" is indeed hailed by many to be America's "intellectual Declaration of Independence. " However, if the "Belles Lettres" did contribute to creating the representation of a common imaginary whereby the American nation could invent itself and if, in the course of the nineteenth century, America wrote itself into existence, such an enterprise remained largely the province of fiction. Yet Emerson was always suspicious of fiction, which for him rhymed with illusion, choosing instead to write non-fictional prose, and more particularly essays. Contrary to some of his contemporaries who turned tales, romances, and novels into indigenous genres, free at last from the shackles of European Letters, Emerson turned towards the genre of the essay and made it one of America's privileged forms of literary expression. This thesis thus offers to read Emerson's essays as so many ways of approaching what "Experience" describes as "this new yet unapproachable America," considering them as the locus where the American democracy repeatedly writes and rewrites its social compact and continuously reinvents itself. By the same token however, and despite Emerson's aversion for fictional forms, the essays yield to the desire for fiction that haunts them in secret and become what he called "romances of character," fashioning the character of America's representative men even as the letters, the characters, take shape on the page
Zrann, Fatma. "La problématique identitaire dans la photographie noire américaine : de l'identité comme revendication communautaire à l'identité comme principe d'autonomie esthétique." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA070112.
Full textThis work is a reflection of the problem of identity in photographic and more generally pictorial production. It questions Black American photographers' works and the way they portray or mask the African American reality. My aim was to study the Black identity in the sense of the African identity or African origin asserted by Black Americans and the way contemporary artists deal with it, especially in the works of Black photographers. It looks at the past and present, using various and overlapping archived images, paintings, photographs and evidence, based on real, historical or imaginary events which give an in-depth, objective analysis of complex problems related to slavery, discrimination, the existence of a Black identity and the portrayal of African Americans and other minorities in the United States in general. In the end, it's a cultural study, which looks at how Black identity takes shape across very different works in which the photographer brings into play persona! motivations and common problems
Peyroles, Aurore. "Roman et engagement : le laboratoire des années 1930 en Allemagne, aux États-Unis et en France. Autour de November 1918 de Döblin, de USA de Dos Passos et du Monde réel d’Aragon." Thesis, Paris 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA040256.
Full textBy inscribing the notion of literary commitment in the context of the 1930’s, which saw its apparition and its practice, we intend to restore the efficiency of an expression which is too often considered as the difficult conciliation between two areas supposedly antagonistic: politics and literature. Approached through novels which preceded Sartre’s theorization – Aragon’s The Real World, Dos Passos’ USA and Döblin’s November 1918 – the notion of literary commitment accounts for a literary writing and a political ambition which are only conceived in relation with one and another. Written as an answer in action to a situation considered as unbearable, the committed novel of the 1930’s appears as the place where multiple reconfigurations take place: reconfiguration of the perception of the real world, which scandal is revealed by the fictional representation; reconfiguration of the national language and of the narrative process, which are redefined by opposition to the misuses and the manipulations of the opponents; reconfiguration of a political space inherently democratic, experimented in the process of reading itself
Matar-Perret, Roula. "Substrats, alchimie et révélations : les propositions architecturales de Gordon Matta-Clark." Rennes 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008REN20026.
Full textGordon Matta-Clark, an important figure of the American Art of the seventies, is mostly known for his spectacular building cuts. But he also produced a corpus of works, of great diversity : alchemical experimentations on matter, a profusion of drawings, performances or photographic constructed visions. These works are analysed in order to reveal all their architectural references. In their various forms lie hidden as much propositions on new spatial modalities that place Gordon Matta-Clark within his initial field of education, architecture
Hennequet, Claire. "L'identité poétique de la nation. Walt Whitman, José Marti, Aimé Césaire." Thesis, Paris 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA030085/document.
Full textIn 19th and 20th centuries America and West Indies, the national poet’s works lay at the centre of a traffic of images. This traffic feeds the fragile social ties of young collectivities, at a time when communities are bound by imagination rather than by direct contact between their members. Distancing themselves from the representations of the community circulating at that time, like the exotic images of the New World’s nature, the poet offers an ambitious democratic vision for the future which is channeled through images of the territory, the people, slavery and history. The poet’s ethos encourages the reader to appropriate this discourse by presenting the author as a role model. However, it is mainly thanks to his style, at odds with the literary norms of his time, that the poet is able to act upon society. Whitman, Martí and Césaire do not so much contrive to capture their people’s spirit, as they participate through their work on the fragment, on popular poetical forms or on the destabilizing of meaning, in the creation of a common devenir
Valentin, Éric. "Claes Oldenburg, Coosje Van Bruggen, sculptures publiques : l'euphorie et l'angoisse du grotesque." Paris 10, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA100021.
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