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Journal articles on the topic 'Crocodile river catchment area south africa'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 16 February 2022

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1

Ashton, P. J., F. C. van Zyl, and R. G. Heath. "Water quality management in the Crocodile River catchment, Eastern Transvaal, South Africa." Water Science and Technology 32, no. 5-6 (1995): 201–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0603.

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The Crocodile River catchment lies in an area which currently has one of the highest rates of sustained economic growth in South Africa and supports a diverse array of land uses. Water quality management is vital to resource management strategies for the catchment. A Geographic Information System (GIS) was used to display specific catchment characteristics and land uses, supplemented with integrative overlays depicting land-use impacts on surface water resources and the consequences of management actions on downstream water quality. The water quality requirements of each water user group were

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2

Mussá, F. E. F., Y. Zhou, S. Maskey, I. Masih, and S. Uhlenbrook. "Groundwater as an emergency source for drought mitigation in the Crocodile River catchment, South Africa." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 19, no. 2 (2015): 1093–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-1093-2015.

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Abstract. Global climate change has received much attention worldwide in the scientific as well as in the political community, indicating that changes in precipitation, extreme droughts and floods may increasingly threaten many regions. Drought is a natural phenomenon that causes social, economical and environmental damage to society. In this study, we assess the drought intensity and severity and the groundwater potential to be used as a supplementary source of water to mitigate drought impacts in the Crocodile River catchment, a water-stressed sub-catchment of the Incomati River catchment in

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Mussá, F. E. F., Y. Zhou, S. Maskey, I. Masih, and S. Uhlenbrook. "Groundwater as an emergency source for drought mitigation in the Crocodile River catchment, South Africa." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 11, no. 3 (2014): 2719–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-11-2719-2014.

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Abstract. Global climate change has received much attention worldwide in the scientific as well as in the political community, indicating that changes in precipitation, extreme droughts and floods may threaten increasingly many regions. Drought is a natural phenomenon that may cause social, economical and environmental damages to the society. In this study, we assess the drought intensity and severity and the groundwater potential to be used as a supplement source of water to mitigate drought impacts in the Crocodile River catchment, a water-stressed sub-catchment of the Incomati River catchme

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4

Saraiva Okello, A. M. L., I. Masih, S. Uhlenbrook, G. P. W. Jewitt, P. van der Zaag, and E. Riddell. "Drivers of spatial and temporal variability of streamflow in the Incomati River basin." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 19, no. 2 (2015): 657–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-657-2015.

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Abstract. The Incomati is a semi-arid trans-boundary river basin in southern Africa, with a high variability of streamflow and competing water demands from irrigated agriculture, energy, forestry and industries. These sectors compete with environmental flows and basic human water needs, resulting in a "stressed" water resource system. The impacts of these demands, relative to the natural flow regime, appear significant. However, despite being a relatively well-gauged basin in South Africa, the natural flow regime and its spatial and temporal variability are poorly understood and remain poorly

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Saraiva Okello, A. M. L., I. Masih, S. Uhlenbrook, G. W. P. Jewitt, P. van der Zaag, and E. Riddell. "Drivers of spatial and temporal variability of streamflow in the Incomati River Basin." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 11, no. 7 (2014): 8879–921. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-11-8879-2014.

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Abstract. The Incomati is a semi-arid trans-boundary river basin in southern Africa, with a high variability of streamflow and competing water demands from irrigated agriculture, energy, forestry and industries. These sectors compete with environmental flows and basic human water needs, resulting in a "stressed" water resources system. The impacts of these demands, relative to the natural flow regime, appear significant. However, despite being a relatively well-gauged basin in South Africa, the natural flow regime and its spatial and temporal variability are poorly understood and remain poorly

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MI, Soko, and Gyedu-Ababio T. "The Influence of Anthropogenic Activities on Macro-Invertearates Assemblage and Water Quality in the Crocodile River (East) Mpumalanga, South Africa." Sustainability in Environment 2, no. 2 (2017): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/se.v2n2p124.

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<em>Biological indicators such as macro-invertebrates and water quality parameters can give an overalln overview of what is happening in a river catchment. The aim of the study was to determine the influence of anthropogenic activities on macro-invertebrates assemblage and water quality using multivariate analysis and to determine the present ecological state of the river using the Macro-Invertebrates Response Assessment index. The South African Scoring System Version 5 (SASS 5) was used to collect macro invertebrates. Water quality samples were collected using a polyethylene bottle and

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7

Chapman, R. A., P. T. Manders, R. J. Scholes, and J. M. Bosch. "Who should get the water? Decision support for water resource management." Water Science and Technology 32, no. 5-6 (1995): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0554.

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Increasing competition for water in South Africa is changing the management emphasis from one of supply to that of controlling demand. There are many possible alternative uses of water. The Catchment Resource Assessment Model (CRAM) is a tool which can help evaluate these alternative uses. CRAM has been designed to: - be objective; - be fair to all parties; - balance social, environmental and economic benefits and costs, and - be understandable to the educated non-specialist user. Using water as a “currency”, CRAM simulates the impacts of land uses on hydrological, economic, environmental and

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Olukunle, O. I., O. J. Okonkwo, K. K. Kefeni, and M. Lupankwa. "Determination of brominated flame retardants in Jukskei River catchment area in Gauteng, South Africa." Water Science and Technology 65, no. 4 (2012): 743–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2012.894.

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Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) are considered to be environmental pollutants due to their toxicity, persistence and ubiquity in the environment. Little information is known about the presence of brominated flame retardants in South Africa's water systems. Therefore, this study examined and compared different extraction methods (liquid–liquid (LL) vs. solid phase (SP) for water, Soxhlet extraction (SE) vs. ultrasonic for sediment) for extraction efficiencies in the determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) in water and sediment from Jukskei

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Grobicki, A. M. W. "Urban catchment management in a developing country: the Lotus River project, Cape Town, South Africa." Water Science and Technology 44, no. 2-3 (2001): 313–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0784.

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This paper describes a 2-year pilot project undertaken in an urban catchment in Cape Town, South Africa. The impermeable area of the Lotus River catchment has doubled over 15 years, from 17% in 1983 to 34% in 1997. Following the abolition of urban influx control in 1990, informal settlements in the catchment grew rapidly and now house about 90,000 out of the catchment's total population of 380,000 people. The informal areas are still largely unserviced, despite a commitment from local government to speed up service delivery to the poorest areas of the city. Within the Lotus River project, hydr

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Ngcaba, Pelisa, and Alfred Maroyi. "Floristic Composition and Diversity in Tsitsa River Catchment Area, the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa." Journal of Biological Sciences 17, no. 6 (2017): 288–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/jbs.2017.288.297.

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Venter, S. N., M. C. Steynberg, C. M. E. de Wet, D. Hohls, G. du Plessis, and R. Kfir. "A situational analysis of the microbial water quality in a peri-urban catchment in South Africa." Water Science and Technology 35, no. 11-12 (1997): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0720.

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A situational analysis of a peri-urban catchment experiencing microbial water quality problems was carried out using data collected over two and a half years. The water and land use in the area was determined. The main sources of pollution were identified and the effects of dilution and bacterial die-off on water quality were evaluated by modelling the level of faecal coliforms along the length of the river using the QUAL2E model. As a result of the assessment, water quality goals were set for the catchment and suggestions were made for the improvement of microbial quality. Certain areas of th

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Masupha, Teboho Elisa, and Mokhele Edmond Moeletsi. "Analysis of potential future droughts limiting maize production, in the Luvuvhu River catchment area, South Africa." Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C 105 (June 2018): 44–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2018.03.009.

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Selebalo, Itumeleng M., Mary C. Scholes, and Jai K. Clifford-Holmes. "A Systemic Analysis of the Environmental Impacts of Gold Mining within the Blyde River Catchment, a Strategic Water Area of South Africa." Water 13, no. 3 (2021): 301. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13030301.

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Exploratory modelling of the impact of gold mining on groundwater in a strategic water area of South Africa was undertaken. A systems dynamics (SD) model was developed to simulate the impact of gold mining on water quality, focusing on groundwater contamination risk, within the context of competing developmental priorities around water resource development and the socio-economic gains from gold mining. The model also identified interventions to minimise the impacts by the year 2040. The study area was the Blyde River Catchment (BRC), which is part of the Olifants Water Management Area in South

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Sibali, Linda L., Jonathan O. Okwonkwo, and Rob I. McCrindle. "Determination of selected organochlorine pesticide (OCP) compounds from the Jukskei River catchment area in Gauteng, South Africa." Water SA 34, no. 5 (2018): 611. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/wsa.v34i5.180659.

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Nde, Samuel, and Manny Mathuthu. "Assessment of Potentially Toxic Elements as Non-Point Sources of Contamination in the Upper Crocodile Catchment Area, North-West Province, South Africa." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 4 (2018): 576. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15040576.

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16

Entwistle, N., G. Heritage, S. Tooth, and D. Milan. "Anastomosing reach control on hydraulics and sediment distribution on the Sabie River, South Africa." Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 367 (March 3, 2015): 215–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-367-215-2015.

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Abstract. Rivers in the Kruger National Park, South Africa, have variable degrees of bedrock and alluvial influence. Pre-2000 aerial imagery for the Sabie River (catchment area 6320 km2) reveals downstream alternations from alluvial single thread or braided, to bedrock anastomosed or mixed anastomosed channel types, with pool-rapids also present locally. In 2000 and 2012, extreme floods resulted in significant alluvial erosion, widely exposing the underlying bedrock. Since the 2012 flood, aerial LiDAR surveys reveal the strong gradient control exerted by the bedrock and mixed anastomosed chann

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Welderufael, W. A., Y. E. Woyessa, and D. C. Edossa. "Hydrological impact of rainwater harvesting in the Modder river basin of central South Africa." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 8, no. 3 (2011): 5051–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-8-5051-2011.

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Abstract. Along the path of water flowing in a river basin are many water-related human interventions that modify the natural systems. Rainwater harvesting is one such intervention that involves harnessing of water in the upstream catchment. Increased water usage at upstream level is an issue of concern for downstream water availability to sustain ecosystem services. The upstream Modder River basin, located in a semi arid region in the central South Africa, is experiencing intermittent meteorological droughts causing water shortages for agriculture, livestock and domestic purpose. To address t

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Watson, Sara, Marika Low, Natasha Phillips, et al. "Robberg Material Procurement and Transport in the Doring River Catchment: Evidence from the Open-Air Locality of Uitspankraal 9, Western Cape, South Africa." Journal of African Archaeology 18, no. 2 (2020): 209–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/21915784-20200013.

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Abstract Decisions related to the production of lithic technology involve landscape-scale patterns of resource acquisition and transport that are not observable in assemblages from any one single site. In this study, we describe the stone artifacts from a discrete cluster of stone artifacts assigned to the Robberg technocomplex (22-16 ka) at the open-air locality of Uitspankraal 9 (UPK9), which is located near two major sources of toolstone in the Doring River catchment of Western Cape, South Africa. OSL dating of the underlying sediment unit provides a terminus post quem age of 27.5 ± 2.1 ka

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19

Howard, J. R., M. E. Ligthelm, and A. Tanner. "The development of a water quality management plan for the Mgeni River catchment." Water Science and Technology 32, no. 5-6 (1995): 217–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0608.

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Located in the province of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, the Mgeni River catchment provides the potable water resources for nearly two million people, in an area of approximately 4 400 km2. The river system is well developed and impounded, but increasing population pressures in the catchment are placing greater demands on this critical water resource resulting in increasing loads of nutrients, faecal bacteria and suspended solids. Umgeni Water and the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry are developing an affordable and practically implementable plan to manage the water quality on an integr

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Nde, Samuel Che, Manny Mathuthu, Rodrigue Yves Mpika Massoukou, Sammy Kipyego Bett, Guiem Richard, and Olagbaju Peter Oluwadamilare. "Modelling the dynamics of the cancer risk due to potentially toxic elements in agricultural soils, in the upper Crocodile River catchment, North-West province, South Africa." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 211 (March 2021): 111961. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.111961.

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21

Dunham, Kevin M., Andrea Ghiurghi, Rezia Cumbi, and Ferdinando Urbano. "Human–wildlife conflict in Mozambique: a national perspective, with emphasis on wildlife attacks on humans." Oryx 44, no. 2 (2010): 185–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003060530999086x.

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AbstractHuman–wildlife conflicts are common across Africa. In Mozambique, official records show that wildlife killed 265 people during 27 months (July 2006 to September 2008). Crocodile Crocodylus niloticus, lion Panthera leo, elephant Loxodonta africana and hippopotamus Hippopotamus amphibius caused most deaths but crocodiles were responsible for 66%. Crocodile attacks occurred across Mozambique but 53% of deaths occurred in districts bordering Lake Cabora Bassa and the Zambezi River. Hippopotamus attacks were also concentrated here. Lion attacks occurred mainly in northern Mozambique and, wh

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Masupha, Teboho Elisa, and Mokhele Edmond Moeletsi. "Use of standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index to investigate drought relative to maize, in the Luvuvhu River catchment area, South Africa." Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C 102 (December 2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2017.08.002.

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23

Nyathi, N. A., W. Zhao, and W. Musakwa. "LAND USE LAND COVER CHANGES AND THEIR IMPACTS ON ECOSYSTEM SERVICES IN THE NZHELELE RIVER CATCHMENT, SOUTH AFRICA." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences V-3-2020 (August 3, 2020): 809–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-v-3-2020-809-2020.

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Abstract. Land use change can result in variations in ecosystem services (ESS) and their relationships. Studying the temporal dynamics of ESS and their relationships can support scenario analyses that provide the theoretical basis for policy decisions and regional ecosystem management in any context. Understanding the spatiotemporal changes in land use and land cover change helps understand ESS management. In this study, the InVEST model was applied to assess carbon sequestration from 1999 to 2018 and to construct two simulated scenarios that represented different land use strategies. The resu

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Hahn, Annette, Enno Schefuß, Sergio Andò, et al. "Southern Hemisphere anticyclonic circulation drives oceanic and climatic conditions in late Holocene southernmost Africa." Climate of the Past 13, no. 6 (2017): 649–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-649-2017.

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Abstract. Due to the high sensitivity of southern Africa to climate change, a reliable understanding of its hydrological system is crucial. Recent studies of the regional climatic system have revealed a highly complex interplay of forcing factors on precipitation regimes. This includes the influence of the tropical easterlies, the strength of the southern hemispheric westerlies as well as sea surface temperatures along the coast of the subcontinent. However, very few marine records have been available in order to study the coupling of marine and atmospheric circulation systems. Here we present

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Pool, E. J., C. Jagals, J. H. van Wyk, and P. Jagals. "The use of IL-6 induction as a human biomarker for inflammatory agents in water." Water Science and Technology 47, no. 3 (2003): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0164.

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A rapid whole blood culture (WBC) assay system was developed to monitor the inflammatory potential of water samples collected in the Manguang Municipal area, South Africa. Several systems associated with the Modder River catchment area were investigated in this preliminary study to find out whether there were potential problems in this catchment area. Three focus areas were investigated: (a) the impact of the Klein Modder River, which passes through a densely populated residential area, on the inflammatory activity of the Modder River; (b) the efficiency of the treatment plants in eliminating

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Swart, Nelius, and Edmund Pool. "Rapid Detection of Selected Steroid Hormones from Sewage Effluents using an ELISA in the Kuils River Water Catchment Area, South Africa." Journal of Immunoassay and Immunochemistry 28, no. 4 (2007): 395–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15321810701603799.

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27

Hassan, Rashid M. "Economy-wide benefits from water-intensive industries in South Africa: Quasi-input-output analysis of the contribution of irrigation agriculture and cultivated plantations in the Crocodile River catchment." Development Southern Africa 20, no. 2 (2003): 171–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03768350302953.

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Mamera, Matthew, and Johan J. van Tol. "Application of Hydropedological Information to Conceptualize Pollution Migration From Dry Sanitation Systems in the Ntabelanga Catchment Area, South Africa." Air, Soil and Water Research 11 (January 2018): 117862211879548. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1178622118795485.

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The hydrological response of catchments is determined by the combined hydropedological response of hillslopes. In the Ntabelanga area, 56% of the households use pit latrines and untreated drinking groundwater supplies. Soil morphological properties and their spatial distribution were used to conceptualize hillslope hydropedological behaviour to determine the fate of Escherichia coli and faecal coliform from 4 pit latrines. Four hillslopes below the pit latrines (MT1, MT2, MT3, and MT4) occur above first-order tributaries to the Tsitsa River, South Africa, were studied. The studied sites are ad

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Nyam, Y. S., J. H. Kotir, A. J. Jordaan, and A. A. Ogundeji. "Developing a Conceptual Model for Sustainable water Resource Management and Agricultural Development: the Case of the Breede River Catchment Area, South Africa." Environmental Management 67, no. 4 (2021): 632–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-020-01399-x.

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Muruven, D. N., and M. Tekere. "An Evaluation of the Cumulative Surface Water Pollution on Selected Areas within the Consolidated Main Reef Area, Roodepoort, South Africa." Air, Soil and Water Research 6 (January 2013): ASWR.S12997. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/aswr.s12997.

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Mining has long been at the center of the South African economy and has contributed to significant developments within the country. However, despite the large economic impact, surface water pollution due to mining is prevalent in most of the country's water catchments. Surface water in many areas of the central Roodepoort area in Johannesburg, South Africa, has also been impacted primarily by mining activities. The surface water quality for the Bosmontspruit, Russell's Stream, and the New Canada Dam was assessed in this study from October 2010 to March 2011. Physicochemical and biological char

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31

Hollingworth, B., and D. Mullins. "Economic analysis of water resource development proposals in the Sabie River Basin." Water Science and Technology 32, no. 5-6 (1995): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0564.

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The Sabie River is an important river catchment in South Africa because of its ecodiversity, importance to the Kruger National Park, agricultural and afforestation potential and relatively undeveloped water resources. These resources are under stress from increasing irrigation and a burgeoning population. In the mid-eighties an intensive river basin study was undertaken to guide and promote sustained development. The studies described in this paper were undertaken in order to include economic criteria in development investment decision making. These studies were firstly, a macro-economic view

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32

Dabrowski, J. M. "Applying SWAT to predict orthophosphate loads and trophic status in four reservoirs in the upper Olifants catchment, South Africa." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 10, no. 11 (2013): 13635–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-10-13635-2013.

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Abstract. Excessive phosphate loading in the upper Olifants River, South Africa has resulted in widespread eutrophication and associated ecosystem health impacts. The majority of sewage treatment works (STWs) are operating poorly and are likely an important source of bioavailable orthophosphate (OP) in the catchment. The Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), was used to identify important sources of OP loading in the catchment and predict changes in the trophic status of four reservoirs associated with three STWs effluent OP standards; (current average of 4 mg L−1 and standards of 1 and 0.1 mg L−

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Jordaan, K., A. M. Comeau, D. P. Khasa, and C. C. Bezuidenhout. "An integrated insight into the response of bacterial communities to anthropogenic contaminants in a river: A case study of the Wonderfonteinspruit catchment area, South Africa." PLOS ONE 14, no. 5 (2019): e0216758. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0216758.

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Revilla-Romero, B., J. Thielen, P. Salamon, T. De Groeve, and G. R. Brakenridge. "Evaluation of the satellite-based Global Flood Detection System for measuring river discharge: influence of local factors." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 18, no. 11 (2014): 4467–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-4467-2014.

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Abstract. One of the main challenges for global hydrological modelling is the limited availability of observational data for calibration and model verification. This is particularly the case for real-time applications. This problem could potentially be overcome if discharge measurements based on satellite data were sufficiently accurate to substitute for ground-based measurements. The aim of this study is to test the potentials and constraints of the remote sensing signal of the Global Flood Detection System for converting the flood detection signal into river discharge values. The study uses

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Revilla-Romero, B., J. Thielen, P. Salamon, T. De Groeve, and G. R. Brakenridge. "Evaluation of the satellite-based Global Flood Detection System for measuring river discharge: influence of local factors." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 11, no. 7 (2014): 7331–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-11-7331-2014.

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Abstract. One of the main challenges for global hydrological modelling is the limited availability of observational data for calibration and model verification. This is particularly the case for real time applications. This problem could potentially be overcome if discharge measurements based on satellite data were sufficiently accurate to substitute for ground-based measurements. The aim of this study is to test the potentials and constraints of the remote sensing signal of the Global Flood Detection System for converting the flood detection signal into river discharge values. The study uses

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36

Dabrowski, J. M. "Applying SWAT to predict ortho-phosphate loads and trophic status in four reservoirs in the upper Olifants catchment, South Africa." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 18, no. 7 (2014): 2629–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-2629-2014.

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Abstract. Excessive phosphate loading in the upper Olifants River, South Africa has resulted in widespread eutrophication and associated ecosystem health impacts. The majority of sewage treatment works (STWs) are operating poorly and are likely an important source of bioavailable ortho-phosphate (OP) in the catchment. The Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was used to identify important sources of OP loading in the catchment and to predict changes in the trophic status of four reservoirs associated with three STW effluent OP standards (the current average of 4 mg L−1 and standards of 1 and 0.1

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Gebel, Micha, Stephan Bürger, Michael Wallace, Hanlie Malherbe, Hannah Vogt, and Carsten Lorz. "Simulation of land use impacts on sediment and nutrient transfer in coastal areas of Western Cape, South Africa." Change and Adaptation in Socio-Ecological Systems 3, no. 1 (2017): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cass-2017-0001.

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AbstractA major challenge for water resource management in Western Cape, South Africa, is the reduction of the growing sediment and nutrient loads in coastal areas, which belong to the areas most affected by land use change. We used the WebGIS based software STOFFBILANZ to simulate runoff, soil loss, sediment, phosphorus, and nitrogen input in the surface water and groundwater of study area (ca. 6,450 km²). The simulated runoff shows a large regional variability caused by the heterogeneous distribution of rainfall. For the reference catchment Klein River simulated total daily runoff fit the ob

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Mathivha, Fhumulani, Caston Sigauke, Hector Chikoore, and John Odiyo. "Short-Term and Medium-Term Drought Forecasting Using Generalized Additive Models." Sustainability 12, no. 10 (2020): 4006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12104006.

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Forecasting extreme hydrological events is critical for drought risk and efficient water resource management in semi-arid environments that are prone to natural hazards. This study aimed at forecasting drought conditions in a semi-arid region in north-eastern South Africa. The Standardized Precipitation Evaporation Index (SPEI) was used as a drought-quantifying parameter. Data for SPEI formulation for eight weather stations were obtained from South Africa Weather Services. Forecasting of the SPEI was achieved by using Generalized Additive Models (GAMs) at 1, 6, and 12 month timescales. Time se

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Dupont, Lydie M., Thibaut Caley, and Isla S. Castañeda. "Effects of atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> variability of the past 800 kyr on the biomes of southeast Africa." Climate of the Past 15, no. 3 (2019): 1083–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1083-2019.

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Abstract. Very little is known about the impact of atmospheric carbon dioxide pressure (pCO2) on the shaping of biomes. The development of pCO2 throughout the Brunhes Chron may be considered a natural experiment to elucidate relationships between vegetation and pCO2. While the glacial periods show low to very low values (∼220 to ∼190 ppmv, respectively), the pCO2 levels of the interglacial periods vary from intermediate to relatively high (∼250 to more than 270 ppmv, respectively). To study the influence of pCO2 on the Pleistocene development of SE African vegetation, we used the pollen record

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DOMULLODZHANOV, D. H., and R. RAHMATILLOEV. "REZULTS OF INVESTIGATIONS ON COLLECTION AND USAGE OF PRECIPITATION FOR DIFFERENT NEEDS OF THE POPULATION IN AGRO L ANDSCAPED OF THE RIVER KYZYLSU-SOUTHERN." Prirodoobustrojstvo, no. 4 (2020): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/1997-6011-2020-4-111-116.

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The technologies of precipitation collection and usage are widely developed and used in the countries of South Asia, Eastern Africa, the Caribbean basin and in other countries. The collected water resources are used to meet the household needs of the population, cattle watering and the surplus for irrigation of agricultural crops on farm lands. In Tajikistan there are also used simple rainwater collecting systems, however, their parameters are not linked to the precipitation regularities and water use norms for various purposes, the systems are not scientifically substantiated, they do not hav

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Salau, Wahab, and Paul Ifatokun Ifabiyi. "HYDRO-GEOMORPHIC FACTORS AND THE POTENTIAL OF HYDROKINETIC POWER PRODUCTION UPSTREAM OF IKERE GORGE DAM, NIGERIA." Geosfera Indonesia 4, no. 1 (2019): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/geosi.v4i1.9511.

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The operation of hydrokinetic turbine depends on river flow and pressure head (∆H) which are of high potential in many parts of Nigeria. This study attempts the analysis of the potential of the area upstream of Ikere Gorge dam for hydrokinetic potential. Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was used to determine the hydrological parameters of the sub-basins. Pearson Moment Correlation and linear regression methods were used to find the relationships between morphometric properties and the discharge parameters. Hydrological modeling and statistical computations were done to estimate the theore

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Levin, Jonathan C., Darragh J. Woodford, and Gavin C. Snow. "Evaluating the effectiveness of freshwater fishes as bio-indicators for urban impacts in the Crocodile (West) catchment, South Africa." Water SA 45, no. 3 July (2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/wsa/2019.v45.i3.6745.

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Urbanisation in South Africa has resulted in the degradation of aquatic ecosystems across a rural-to-urban gradient; impacting the availability of clean water. Biological organisms, including fish assemblages, have been used as indicators of environmental change, as part of monitoring programmes designed to protect and improve aquatic ecosystem conditions. However, the effectiveness of individual freshwater fish species as bio-indicators for urban impacts has not yet been evaluated. This study investigated the occurrence of freshwater fish species across three urban gradients within the upper

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ASD Carroll and CJ Curtis. "Increasing nutrient influx trends and remediation options at Hartbeespoort Dam, South Africa: a mass-balance approach." Water SA 47, no. 2 April (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/wsa/2021.v47.i2.10917.

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The Hartbeespoort Dam, located 40 km west of Tshwane on the Crocodile River, is an extremely eutrophic water body. Situated in one of the most economically active areas of South Africa, it receives a high nutrient input from wastewater treatment works (WWTW), leaking sewers, as well as urban and agricultural runoff. The Metsi a Me programme, which ran from 2006 to 2016, aimed to mitigate in-lake nutrient stocks using biomanipulation, including the physical removal of Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth) and Microcystis aeruginosa (blue-green algae). Using Department of Water and Sanitation wa

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"Water quality management in the Crocodile River catchment, Eastern Transvaal, South Africa." Water Science and Technology 32, no. 5-6 (1995). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0273-1223(95)00664-8.

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Petersen, Robin M., Andries C. Hoffman, Pieter Kotze, and Sean M. Marr. "First record of the invasive Australian redclaw crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus (von Martens, 1868) in the Crocodile River, Kruger National Park, South Africa." Koedoe 59, no. 1 (2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/koedoe.v59i1.1435.

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The redclaw crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus (von Martens, 1868), a robust freshwater crayfish native to Australia and Papua New Guinea, has now been recorded from the Kruger National Park (KNP). Previously absent from the Crocodile River, SAN Parks received a report in February 2016 of redclaw crayfish below the Van Graan Dam on the border of the KNP. Here, we provide evidence of the presence of redclaw crayfish in the Crocodile River. A better understanding of the redclaw crayfish distribution, habitat preferences, rate of spread and impacts on the local aquatic ecosystems in the Crocodile Ri

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Stone-Jovicich, Samantha S., Timothy Lynam, Anne Leitch, and Natalie A. Jones. "Using Consensus Analysis to Assess Mental Models about Water Use and Management in the Crocodile River Catchment, South Africa." Ecology and Society 16, no. 1 (2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.5751/es-03755-160145.

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SM Mazibuko, G Mukwada, and ME Moeletsi. "Assessing the frequency of drought/flood severity in the Luvuvhu River catchment, Limpopo Province, South Africa." Water SA 47, no. 2 April (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/wsa/2021.v47.i2.10913.

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The Luvuvhu River catchment experiences rainfall variability with a high frequency of extremely dry and wet conditions. Understanding the frequency of drought and floods in this catchment area is important to the agriculture sector for managing the negative impacts of these natural hazards. This study was undertaken to investigate the frequency and severity of drought/floods and linkages with the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon. Poor and resource-limited small-scale farmers in the Luvuvhu River catchment area struggle to adjust due to decreasing crop yields and livestock mortali

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Mark R Jury. "Climate trends in the Cape Town area, South Africa." Water SA 46, no. 3 July (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/wsa/2020.v46.i3.8654.

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Climatic conditions near Cape Town, South Africa (34°S, 19°E) are analysed for historical trends in station measurements in the 20th century and in modern satellite-blended datasets. Despite the variety of datasets and record lengths, all show a steady drying trend. Faster rates of warming, 0.1°C∙yr-1, are found in land surface temperatures during the period 2000–2017. Drying trends are most acute to the northwest of the Hottentots Holland mountains. Hydrology station measurements in the Upper Berg River catchment since 1956 reveal a decline in streamflow of −0.012 m3∙s-1∙month-1, and an upwar

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Seeliger, Leanne, Willem P. de Clercq, Willem Hoffman, James D. S. Cullis, Annabel M. Horn, and Marlene de Witt. "Applying the water-energy-food nexus to farm profitability in the Middle Breede Catchment, South Africa." South African Journal of Science 114, no. 11/12 (2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/sajs.2018/5062.

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The water-energy-food nexus has emerged as a useful concept to understand the multiple interdependencies that exist between the water, energy and food sectors. The nexus is an ambitious attempt to work across disciplines and scales to understand the workings of these complex systems. It is, however, criticised for being more of a general framework than a practical methodology because of the vast amount of data it would need to make real-life contributions to sustainable development. We show how the nexus approach, when used within a farm budget model, can transform the problem focus in water g

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Heritage, G. L., and A. W. Van Niekerk. "Drought conditions and sediment transport in the Sabie River." Koedoe 38, no. 2 (1995). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/koedoe.v38i2.311.

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Drought conditions in the Sabie catchment in the eastern Transvaal (now called Mpumalanga), South Africa, has had an observable effect on the sediment dynamics of the river. Sediment production within the catchment is largely unaffected by a reduction in the frequency and magnitude of rainfall events, although the rate of translocation of the weathered material from the catchment into the river channel is noticeably altered. The infrequent storm events during drought conditions generate a greater sed- iment input to the river from the catchment than a similar-magnitude event under average cond

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