Relevant bibliographies by topics / Crocodile river system

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Academic literature on the topic 'Crocodile river system'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Crocodile river system"

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Debata, Subrat, Swetashree Purohit, Anirban Mahata, Sudheer Kumar Jena, and Sharat Kumar Palita. "Mugger Crocodile Crocodylus palustris Lesson, 1831 (Reptilia: Crocodilia: Crocodylidae) in river Saberi of Godavari system in southern Odisha, India: conservation implications." Journal of Threatened Taxa 10, no. 6 (2018): 11770. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.3974.10.6.11770-11774.

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A biodiversity survey was conducted in Koraput District of southern Odisha between August 2014 and July 2017. During the survey, occurrence of Mugger or Marsh Crocodile Crocodylus palustris was ascertained from five localities in a stretch of 23km of river Saberi, a tributary of the Godavari River system. The area is in the Gupteswar proposed reserve forest of Odisha, and forms a boundary with Kanger Ghat National Park of Chhattisgarh State. The geographic region offers possible scope for long term ecological monitoring jointly by wildlife organizations of Odisha and Chhattisgarh in collaboration with Central University of Orissa. For long-term conservation of the species, activities may be initiated with annual monitoring of crocodile populations involving local people, and creating awareness about the Schedule-I status of crocodiles under the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972.
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Vyas, Raju, and Colin Stevenson. "Review and analysis of human and Mugger Crocodile conflict in Gujarat, India from 1960 to 2013." Journal of Threatened Taxa 9, no. 12 (2017): 11016. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.3790.9.12.11016-11024.

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Human-Crocodile conflict (HCC) occurs to varying degrees around the World, and with a number of crocodilian species (CrocBITE 2013). The Mugger or Marsh Crocodile Crocodylus palustris found in Gujarat State is the crocodilian species responsible for conflict with local people. This paper is a compilation of HCC occurring in various parts of Gujarat from 1960 to 2013. A total of 64 crocodile attacks were recorded: 44 (24 fatal & 20 non-fatal) on males, and 20 (9 fatal & 11 non-fatal) on females. By region 52 HCC were recorded in central Gujarat; five in Saurashtra, four in the northern region and three in Kutch; no crocodile attacks were recorded in southern Gujarat. Of the two major river systems in central Gujarat, 41 attacks occurred within the Vishwamitri-Dhadhar River System and 11 in the Narmada system. Most crocodile attacks happened between the months of April and September, peaking in May with 14 attacks. These months are the peak breeding season for the species in Gujarat. The most obvious contributors to HCC are lack of basic facilities in rural areas, poverty, illiteracy and the presence of adult animals close to human settlements and activities. Other contributing factors are lack of preventive measures by the forest department, absence of protocols for mugger crocodile rescue, and haphazard release of problematic animals.
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Bayliss, P., GJW Webb, PJ Whitehead, K. Dempsey, and A. Smith. "Estimating the Abundance of Saltwater Crocodiles, Crocodylus-Porosus Schneider, in Tidal Wetlands of the Northern Territory - a Mark-Recapture Experiment to Correct Spotlight Counts to Absolute Numbers, and the Calibration of Helicopter and Spotlight Coun." Wildlife Research 13, no. 2 (1986): 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9860309.

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A mark-recapture experiment was used to estimate the total population of crocodiles in four 10-km sections of the Adelaide River; a downstream and upstream section of the mainstream, and two sections of tidal side creeks. The Petersen Estimate yielded 135 � 5 (SE) crocodiles in the downstream river section, 54 � 6 in the upstream section, and 44 � 2 in the two side creeks combined (approximately 22 crocodiles per 10 km of side creek). For the two mainstream sections and the combined creek sections, respectively, 66%, 59%, and 35% of crocodiles present were sighted in a typical spotlight survey. The probability of sighting a crocodile decreased with increasing density of bank vegetation, with decreasing stream width, and with increasing stream sinuosity. Detection of crocodiles in the downstream river section was also affected by size-related wariness: the probability of detecting hatchlings was large (P = 0.69), and for crocodiles longer than 3.0 m, small (P = 0.15). Diurnal counts of crocodiles from a helicopter were calibrated to spotlight counts from a boat at low tide in a 40-km mainstream section and four tidal side creeks of the Adelaide River system. In river habitats with large exposed mudbanks, aerial observers missed 20-33% of sightable crocodiles in their field of view; and in side creeks lined with dense mangroves, 33-75%. When corrected for this observer bias, helicopter surveys in the mainstream at low spring tide produced similar counts to spotlight surveys. In the mainstream, helicopter counts at low neap tide were 37% lower than spotlight counts at low spring tide, but in side creeks were 45% higher. In comparison with spotlight counts, only 18% and 29% of crocodiles were seen . from a helicopter in two densely vegetated freshwater billabongs. A feasibility survey showed that in remote areas helicopter surveys produced counts of crocodiles similar to those by spotlight surveys from boats, and cost one-quarter as much ($7 km-1 compared with $28 km-1 of habitat surveyed).
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MI, Soko, and Gyedu-Ababio T. "The Influence of Anthropogenic Activities on Macro-Invertearates Assemblage and Water Quality in the Crocodile River (East) Mpumalanga, South Africa." Sustainability in Environment 2, no. 2 (2017): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/se.v2n2p124.

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<em>Biological indicators such as macro-invertebrates and water quality parameters can give an overalln overview of what is happening in a river catchment. The aim of the study was to determine the influence of anthropogenic activities on macro-invertebrates assemblage and water quality using multivariate analysis and to determine the present ecological state of the river using the Macro-Invertebrates Response Assessment index. The South African Scoring System Version 5 (SASS 5) was used to collect macro invertebrates. Water quality samples were collected using a polyethylene bottle and analysed by Mpumamanzi Laboratory in Nelspruit and Water lab in Pretoria. From the results obtained it was evident that anthropogenic activities along the Crocodile River play a role in water quality deterioration and the subsequent distribution of macro-invertebrates during high and low flow conditions. The main anthropogenic activities contribute to the influence of macro-invertebrates community and water quality are agricultural activities in the upper reaches and a combination of industrial, domestic, mining and agricultural activities in the middle and lower reaches of the Crocodile River.</em>
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Shaney, Kyle J., Amir Hamidy, Matthew Walsh, Evy Arida, Aisyah Arimbi, and Eric N. Smith. "Impacts of anthropogenic pressures on the contemporary biogeography of threatened crocodilians in Indonesia." Oryx 53, no. 3 (2017): 570–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605317000977.

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AbstractThe Greater Sunda region of South-east Asia supports a rich diversity of economically and ecologically important species. However, human pressures are reshaping contemporary biogeography across the region. Megafaunal distributional patterns have been particularly affected because of deforestation, poaching and human–wildlife conflict. Crocodilians are at the centre of these conflicts in Indonesia and yet remain poorly studied across much of the archipelago. We conducted population surveys of salt-water crocodiles Crocodylus porosus and false gharials Tomistoma schlegelii in Sumatra, and examined whether crocodile abundance and distribution are correlated with variations in human disturbance, fishing pressure, and habitat type. We then used these data to model remaining suitable habitat for T. schlegelii across South-east Asia. We found that abundance of T. schlegelii and C. porosus was correlated with distance from human settlements, and fish-trapping pressure. We recorded the presence of T. schlegelii in a river system in which it was previously unknown, thus expanding the known range of the species. We also found that the predicted remaining suitable habitat for T. schlegelii in Indonesia is largely limited to areas of low human activity. From these empirical and modelling approaches we propose several key conservation priorities: (1) eliminate the use of fish traps in remaining patches of T. schlegelii habitat, (2) prioritize crocodile population surveys in remaining suitable habitat, particularly in remote areas, (3) consider T. schlegelii to be potentially Endangered locally in Sumatra, and (4) expand existing reserves around the Lower Kampar River and Berbak National Park/Sembilang National Park areas of Sumatra.
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Seijas, Andrés E., and Carlos Chávez. "Population status of the Orinoco crocodile (Crocodylus intermedius) in the Cojedes river system, Venezuela." Biological Conservation 94, no. 3 (2000): 353–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0006-3207(99)00184-6.

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Ashton, P. J., F. C. van Zyl, and R. G. Heath. "Water quality management in the Crocodile River catchment, Eastern Transvaal, South Africa." Water Science and Technology 32, no. 5-6 (1995): 201–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0603.

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The Crocodile River catchment lies in an area which currently has one of the highest rates of sustained economic growth in South Africa and supports a diverse array of land uses. Water quality management is vital to resource management strategies for the catchment. A Geographic Information System (GIS) was used to display specific catchment characteristics and land uses, supplemented with integrative overlays depicting land-use impacts on surface water resources and the consequences of management actions on downstream water quality. The water quality requirements of each water user group were integrated to optimise the selection of rational management solutions for particular water quality problems. Time-series water quality data and cause-effect relationships were used to evaluate different water supply scenarios. The GIS facilitated the collation, processing and interpretation of the enormous quantity of spatially orientated information required for integrated catchment management.
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Thompson, Phillip L., Sonya Milonova, Meghan Reha, Faisal Mased, and Ian Tromble. "Coil Pump Design for a Community Fountain in Zambia." International Journal for Service Learning in Engineering, Humanitarian Engineering and Social Entrepreneurship 6, no. 1 (2011): 33–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/ijsle.v6i1.3217.

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The municipal water distribution system in Chirundu, Zambia is not affordable for many residents, so most families collect water, wash their clothes and socialize along the banks of the Zambezi River. The river is the native habitat for the Nile crocodile, and several fatal attacks have occurred at this site. Using locally available materials, a team of engineering students from Seattle University designed a waterwheel and coil pump to provide 30 liters of water per minute to a safe gathering area 30 meters onshore and at an elevation of 10 meters above the river. The team also sized a water storage system and designed a series of washbasins for the site. Local residents were able to improve the design and construction of the pump, and it has performed for up to two months without maintenance. The coil pump has the potential to provide crop irrigation for many neighboring communities. For this to be a sustainable technology, the pump’s rotating joint must be carefully fabricated.
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La Grange, L. J., D. Govender, and S. Mukaratirwa. "The occurrence ofTrichinella zimbabwensisin naturally infected wild crocodiles (Crocodylus niloticus) from the Kruger National Park, South Africa." Journal of Helminthology 87, no. 1 (2012): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x12000089.

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AbstractTrichinella zimbabwensishas been found naturally infecting crocodiles (Crocodylus niloticus) in Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Ethiopia and South Africa, as well as monitor lizards (Varanus niloticus) in Zimbabwe. The reports on natural infections were mostly accidental rather than structured surveys and involved very few animals. Previous surveillance studies in South Africa reported a 38.5% prevalence ofT. zimbabwensisamong wild crocodiles tested from the Mpumalanga province and Kruger National Park (KNP). No studies have been conducted to date on the geographical distribution and occurrence ofT. zimbabwensisin wild crocodiles and varans in countries in southern Africa. Recent outbreaks of pansteatitis in crocodile populations of the KNP, South Africa, provided an opportunity to conduct a more structured survey aimed at elucidating the occurrence and distribution ofT. zimbabwensisin culled wild crocodile populations within the KNP. Results from this study showed thatT. zimbabwensisoccurred in 10 out of 12 culled crocodiles form the KNP. The results also showed that the natural distribution ofT. zimbabwensisin crocodiles includes all the major river systems in the KNP. The predilection sites of larvae in muscles followed a different pattern in naturally infected crocodiles compared to observations in experimentally infected mammalian hosts.
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Erasmus, JH, W. Malherbe, R. Gerber, et al. "First record of Labeo capensis (Smith, 1841) in the Crocodile River (West) system: another successful non-native freshwater fish introduction in South Africa." African Journal of Aquatic Science 44, no. 2 (2019): 177–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/16085914.2019.1616529.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Crocodile river system"

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Jamerlan, Mona Lisa. "Establishing mating systems by microsatellite analysis in declining saltwater crocodile (Crocodylus porosus) hatchling production at Edward River Crocodile Farm (Nth. Queensland) /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2002. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17070.pdf.

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Botha, Petrus Johannes. "The distribution, conservation status and blood biochemistry of Nile crocodiles in the Olifants river system, Mpumalanga, South Africa." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/25717.

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The outlook for Nile crocodiles in the Olifants River does not look optimistic. Since the increase in capacity of the Loskop and Flag Boshielo Dams, the crocodile population was left with no basking or nesting sites and has declined over the past 30 years. Shortly after the Massingire Dam in Moçambique filled to full capacity an estimated 160 crocodiles died in the Olifants River Gorge, a couple of kilometres upstream from the dam. The Olifants River is acknowledged by many experts as one of the most polluted rivers in South Africa and acid mine drainage, industrial pollution and untreated sewage in the river are all contributing to the poor water quality of the river. Further, the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry acknowledge that water demand already exceeds their capacity to supply and that the situation will worsen considerably in the near future. Aerial surveys of Nile crocodiles in the Olifants River was carried out during December 2005 and November 2009. An average total population of 714 Nile crocodiles were counted and corrected to an estimated 1140 individual crocodiles to eliminate the effects of undercounting. The Kruger National Park and specifically the area of the Olifants River Gorge was found to be one of the preferred habitat areas for crocodiles in the Olifants River as was the Flag Boshielo Dam, the area between the Blyde River and the western boundary of the Kruger National Park and the Olifants River between the Loskop Dam and the Flag Boshielo Dam. Repeated nesting in areas such as the Kruger National Park, the Flag Boshielo Dam and the Olifants River between the Loskop Dam and the Flag Boshielo Dam confirmed that these areas are critically important to the nesting success of Nile crocodiles in the Olifants River. The Elands River was confirmed as an important refuge area for Nile crocodiles in the Groblersdal-Flag Boshielo Dam area of the Olifants River. Surveys revealed an estimated total of only 15 crocodiles in the Loskop Dam and confirmed that no crocodiles in the large (2.1 - 4.0m TL) and very large size class (>4.0m TL) are currently present in the population. Blood biochemistry results indicate that the Olifants River Nile crocodile population probably suffers from chronic inflammation (especially in the Loskop Dam and Olifants River Gorge populations), infectious disease (particularly in the Loskop Dam population but all other sites also showed elevated values), possible inadequate diet and malnutrition (especially during the pansteatitis outbreak of August/September 2008) and are suffering serious immune problems in the Olifants River Gorge. A conservation and management plan is suggested which identifies threats to the continued existence of a viable Nile crocodile population in the Olifants River. Finally, it is suggested that the conservation status and risk of extinction of Nile crocodiles in the Olifants River be upgraded to the Endangered category since it currently complies to the following criteria; EN A2abce; C2a(i) published in the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria Version 3.1 (IUCN, 2001).
Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2011.
Centre for Wildlife Management
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Sebusang, Nako Maiswe. "An artificial neural network model of the Crocodile river system for low flow periods." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/5956.

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With increasing demands on limited water resources and unavailability of suitable dam sites, it is essential that available storage works be carefully planned and efficiently operated to meet the present and future water needs.This research report presents an attempt to: i) use Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) for the simulation of the Crocodile water resource system located in the Mpumalanga province of South Africa and ii) use the model to assess to what extent Kwena dam, the only major dam in the system could meet the required 0.9m3/s cross border flow to Mozambique. The modelling was confined to the low flow periods when the Kwena dam releases are significant. The form of ANN model developed in this study is the standard error backpropagation run on a daily time scale. It is comprised of 32 inputs being four irrigation abstractions at Montrose, Tenbosch, Riverside and Karino; current and average daily rainfall totals for the previous 4 days at the respective rainfall stations; average daily temperature at Karino and Nelspruit; daily releases from Kwena dam; daily streamflow from the tributaries of Kaap, Elands and Sand rivers and the previous day’s flow at Tenbosch. The single output was the current day’s flow at Tenbosch. To investigate the extent to which the 0.9m3/s flow requirement into Mozambique could be met, data from a representative dry year and four release scenarios were used. The scenarios assumed that Kwena dam was 100%, 75%, 50% and 25% full at the beginning of the year. It was found as expected that increasing Kwena releases improved the cross border flows but the improvement in providing the 0.9m3/s cross border flow was minimal. For the scenario when the dam is initially full, the requirement was met with an improvement of 11% over the observed flows.
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Visser, Zola. "The use of biomarker responses to assess pesticide exposure in the Crocodile- and Olifants River systems." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/3278.

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M.Sc.
The Hartbeespoort Dam is located in the North-West Province, downstream of the confluence of the Crocodile River and the Magalies River. The dam was originally built for agricultural purposes and the surrounding area has many canals for irrigation. The use of pesticides for agricultural practices within the area which are transported by the canals, are of great concern. It is well known that residues of persistent pesticides (especially those of organochlorine) and insecticides are found in terrestrial and aquatic environments as well as in the organisms occupying these niches. Such xenobiotics are highly lipid soluble and lengthy exposure to them results in their high accumulation in non-target organisms, all contributing to adverse effects on the ecosystem. The upper Olifants River catchment comprises the drainage areas of the Olifants River, Klein Olifants River and Wilge River, with tributaries down to the Loskop Dam. Over the past few years, the Olifants River has been systematically impaired because of an increase in agricultural and mining activities, industrial development and urbanisation. Recent fish kills in the Loskop Dam has lead to many controversies about the water quality in the Olifants River. The aim of this study was to determine through the use of biomarker responses if it would be possible to identify whether sub-lethal pesticide exposure occurs in fish populations in the Crocodile- and Olifants River systems. Both active biomonitoring (ABM) and passive biomonitoring (PBM) were carried out at selected sites in the Crocodile River system. The ABM technique involved the transplantation of bioindicator organisms, in this case fish, and exposing them for a period of four weeks. The ABM and PBM exposures were carried out during different pesticide spraying regimes, which also coincided with high (summer) and low (winter) flow conditions. Following the exposure period, the organisms were removed and assessed for biological responses (biomarkers). General biomarker responses used in pesticide exposure i.e. acetylcholinesterase (AChE), malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase activity (CAT), protein carbonyls (PC), cellular energy allocation (CEA) and condition factor (CF) were determined. The same suite of biomarkers used in the Crocodile River system was used to determine responses in resident fish species in the Olifants River system.
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Books on the topic "Crocodile river system"

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Surveys of Tidal River Systems in the Northern Territory of Australia and Their Crocodile Populations (Surveys of Tidal River Systems in the Northern Territory of). Elsevier Science Publishing Company, 1986.

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Book chapters on the topic "Crocodile river system"

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"14. Abundance, Spatial Distribution, and Human Pressure on Orinoco Crocodiles (Crocodylus intermedius) in the Cojedes River System, Venezuela." In People in Nature. Columbia University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.7312/silv12782-014.

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