Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Croissance cristallinediffraction des rayons X'
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Dragos, Oana-Georgiana. "Etude des composés lamellaires de type AxCoO2 (A = Na et Li) à structure triangulaire." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112133.
Full textThis thesis deals with the synthesis and characterization of AxCoO2 compounds (A = Na and Li). In this study, polycrystalline samples of AxCoO2, homogeneous in composition, and with a Na content very close to the expected one, were synthesized by the "sol-gel" method. Magnetic susceptibility measurements have shown that these samples exhibit a Curie-Weiss behavior. Besides powder samples, single crystals of AxCoO2 (A = Na and Li) were grown by the floating zone method. Using various characterization techniques (X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, optical microscopy and chemical analysis), we have shown that the single crystals are homogeneous in composition and have a good crystalline quality. The single crystalline surfaces of AxCoO2 (A = Na and Li) can be modified by application of a voltage between the conducting tip of an atomic force microscope and the sample. The mechanism involved in this modification implies a reversible electrochemical intercalation/deintercalation of the alkaline ions. These modifications allow obtaining regions, which have different concentrations of alkali ions, hence having a different local electrical conductivity. The possibility of transforming electrochemically, in a reversible way, the surfaces of single crystals of AxCoO2 (A = Na and Li) shows that these compounds could be used as rewritable information media and this could be an alternative to the magnetic recording used nowadays
Marcq, Sylvie. "Croissance cristalline de protéines : méthodologie expérimentale." Aix-Marseille 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX30010.
Full textQuemper, Jean-Marie. "Croissance électrolytique sélective de métaux : application à la fabrication de micro-objets tridimensionnels." Paris 11, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA112222.
Full textMorcrette, Mathieu. "Croissance par ablation laser de films minces d'oxydes pour systèmes électrochimiques." Paris 6, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA066353.
Full textLeroy, Frédéric. "Diffusion centrale des rayons X en incidence rasante appliquée à l'étude in situ de la croissance de nanostructures : Vers la croissance auto-organisée." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007372.
Full textSoares, Marcio. "Croissance, structure et magnétisme dans les systèmes à décalage d'échange FM/AFM : approche fondamentale par la physique des surfaces." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00603754.
Full textRevenant, Christine. "Diffusion centrale des rayons X en incidence rasante appliquée à l'étude in situ de la croissance de nanostructures." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Grenoble, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00630160.
Full textMedeiros, Soares Marcio. "Croissance, structure et magnétisme dans les systèmes à décalage d'échange FM/AFM : approche fondamentale par la physique des surfaces." Thesis, Grenoble, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011GRENY022/document.
Full textOur aim is to study the interaction of antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic materials with well-defined interface by combining structural, electronic and magnetic techniques using synchrotron light. Our interest is guided by the exchange bias effect in thin ferromagnetic films with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. The main systems studied in this work were ultra-thin layers of chemically-ordered alloys of FePt and MnPt on Pt(001) and of Fe/Ag(001), eventually coupled to CoO. Our strategy was to find an appropriate surface and, for each coupled bilayer, study the individual growth of each element, alloy or oxide. By controlling a variety of parameters, such as surface structure, cleanliness, deposition rate and temperature, we have got a good understanding of the growth process. The coupled systems obtained were studied in situ by grazing incidence X-ray diffraction and ex situ by magneto-optic Kerr effect, X-ray magnetic circular dichroism and X-ray absorption spectroscopy. The relation between the exchange coupling, which manifests itself by an increase in coercivity and a bias field, and the structural characteristics was discussed for the MnPt/FePt and CoO/Fe interfaces.Keywords: exchange bias, chemically ordered alloy, MnPt, FePt, Fe/Ag(001), surface X-ray diffraction, X-ray absorption, MOKE, synchrotron
Hubert, Fabien. "Nucléation et croissance de nanocylindres d'or : mécanismes de développement de l'anisotropie et suivi in situ résolu en temps." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066651.
Full textMuzard, Sophie. "Morphologie de dépôts d'or d'épaisseur nanométrique obtenus par pulvérisation ionique sur un substrat de carbone amorphe - effets de l'assistance par des ions de forte énergie - influence de l'incorporation de nickel par copulvérisation." Poitiers, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998POIT2256.
Full textSere, Ahmed Douani. "Étude de la croissance de ZnSiN2 par MOCVD." Montpellier 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON20052.
Full textFreundlich, Alexandre. "Hétéroépitaxie de l'arséniure de gallium sur silicium : croissance, propriétés structurales et électroniques." Nice, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NICE4314.
Full textCauvard, Olivier. "Influence du microenvironnement cellulaire (hypoxie et TGFβ) sur la radiosensibilité des chondrosarcomes." Caen, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CAEN3161.
Full textChondrosarcoma are resistant to chemotherapy and conventional radiotherapy, which uses X-rays. Current treatment consists on surgical resection followed by radiotherapy. However, some of chondrosarcoma are localized in difficult access areas, rachis or skull base, bringing this traditional treatment unusable. The Haute Autorité de Santé recommends hadrontherapy, which uses carbon ion beams, to cure this kind of tumor, because of ballistic precision and BRE. But, cellular mechanisms of the radiosensitivity induced by carbon ion are unknown. This project aims to observe the effect of X-rays or carbon ions on cell survival of chondrosarcoma and healthy chondrocyte. This study targets to analyze the modulation of this survival with two microenvironment conditions, hypoxia and TGF beta. Three chondrosarcoma cell lines, SW1353, CH2879, OUMS-27, with different grade or origin, and healthy chondrocyte (articular and nasal) were irradiated with X-rays or carbon ions. Survival curves were established with different techniques (clonogenic assay, cell counting and Wst-1 test) in normoxia, hypoxia or after TGF beta treatment. These experiments show heterogenic response of chondrosarcoma to X-rays radiation. Furthermore, hypoxia and TGF beta can modulate this radiosensitivity. These experiments show also that carbon ion radiations are more efficient than X-rays for chondrosarcoma. These results reinforce the use of hadrontherapy for this kind of tumor, and suggest the necessity of additional studies about radiosensitivity mechanisms and observations of modulation induced by microenvironment, in order to improve the protocol of patient treatment (TPS)
Dupré, Ludovic. "Croissance confinée de nanofils de silicium à application solaire photovoltaïque." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENY028/document.
Full textSilicon nanowires are promising objects but their integration in electronic devices such as photvoltaic solar cells relies on the ability to control their production and tailor their structural properties. In this thesis we present a method to produce nanowire matrices using a gold or copper catalysed growth process by chemical vapor deposition and using a nanoporous alumina growth template. This method enables the fabrication of ultra-dense nanowire arrays (1.10^{10} nanowires/cm²) on non preferential substrate or heterostructures such as germanium nanowires on silicon substrate. Using X-ray diffraction we also show that the structural quality of the template grown nanowires is very good in spite of their non preferential substrate and the presence of a small cristalline lattice strain. The control of germanium nanowires strain is also demonstrated by embeding them in a silicon nitride shell. Besides, new results are presented concerning the catalyst contamination of silicon nanowires. Silicon nanowires integration in photovoltaic devices is eventually demonstrated using a radial geometry for the PN junction between the core and the shell of the nanowires
Hestroffer, Karine. "Croissance et caractérisation de nanofils de GaN et d'hétérostructures filaires de GaN/AIN." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00863433.
Full textLIPONSKI, ISABELLE. "Etude par absorptiometrie biphotonique aux rayons x des modifications de la composition corporelle des enfants insuffisants renaux traites par hormone de croissance : resultats preliminaires." Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO1M063.
Full textPeverini, Luca. "Etude des procédés de croissance de couche et de décapage ionique par mesures de diffusion spéculaire et diffuse de rayons." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005GRE10022.
Full textA novel X-ray scattering technique and a dedicated apparatus have been conceived and realized at the optics beamline BM5 at the ESRF. The apparatus permits to study the surface roughness in-situ and in-real time via grazing incidence X-ray scattering. The interaction of X-rays with the surface was analyzed in the framework of the first order scalar perturbation theory expressing the surface's attributes through the power spectral density function. Information on the rms roughness, the correlation length, the roughness conformi and the scaling exponents characterizing the synthesis process could be extracted. The potential of the method was demonstrated for two particular cases : thin film deposition by magnetron sputtering and surface etching by ion beam bombardment. Finally, the obtained experimental results were discussed in the light of the present models of film growth an ion interaction with solids
Pichot, Vincent. "Etudes structurales par diffusion des rayons X d'assemblées de nanotubes de carbone alignés : relation avec les mécanismes de croissance et les propriétés physiques." Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA112187.
Full textThe present work shows how X-ray scattering technique allows one to get structural information on carbon nanotube macroscopic assemblies. Carpets of multi-wall nanotubes (nanotubes aligned perpendicularly to a substrate synthesized by catalytic chemical vapor deposition, at Laboratoire Francis Perrin at Saclay), fibers of nanotubes (synthesized by wet spinning process in a coagulating polymer bath, at Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal at Bordeaux) and “peapods” samples (fullerene molecules encapsulated inside the nanotubes) were studied. We show that for nanotube carpets, the growth mechanism of the nanotubes is a root growth mechanism and the nature of the catalytic particles responsible of the nucleation of the nanotubes are iron oxide: magnetite or maghemite. Quantitative study of the nanotubes orientational distribution allows us to show that very good alignments can be obtained in carpets. A preferential crystallographic growth axis is determined for the metallic nanowires encapsulated inside the nanotubes. For nanotube fibers, post-synthesis stretching treatments allow one to get better alignment of the nanotubes along the fiber axis : we quantify and model the improvement of alignment. The improvement of mechanical properties such as Young modulus and tensile strength with nanotube alignment is studied. In peapods samples, modeling of the experimental results allows one to determine the filling rate and the distance between fullerene molecules. The advantages of aligned peapods samples are underlined
Dierre, Fabrice. "Mise au point d'une nouvelle méthode de croissance du matériau semiconducteur CdTe, en vue de l'obtention d'imageurs de rayonnements X et gamma." Grenoble INPG, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007INPG0015.
Full textThis thesis aims at obtaining large dimension CdTe crystals, suited to X and γ-ray detection, by a new method of growth using the evaporation of the solvent tellurium as the driving force for crystallization, from a tellurium-rich solution of cadmium and tellurium. This method is called Process By Solvent Evaporation (PBSE) or in French, Méthode par Evaporation de Solvant. Two essential points characterize it : it is carried out in an open tube, which allows its extension to large diameters, and the growth proceeds at constant temperature, which must ensure a better uniformity of the properties of the elaborated material. The results obtained by this PBSE method show that the wafers can be classified in three categories (under-evaporated, ideal, over-evaporated) depending on the imposed "temperature/time of growth" couple. It appears that only the wafers elaborated under the ideal conditions have properties required by the X and gamma-ray detection
Bourdin, Florence. "La dévitrification des verres de phosphates : étude phénoménologique et aspect structural." Rennes 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004REN10059.
Full textTauvel, Guillaume. "Etude de composés salins du Ténatoprazole. Accès aux énantiomères par cristallisation préférentielle." Rouen, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ROUES042.
Full textA screening of crystalline phases of tenatoprazole has been launched in view to address dual problem of chemical and / or enantiomeric purification. The first part of the present work is dedicated to the study (preparation and characterisation) of crystalline solid phases of the tenatoprazole (polymorphs, hydrates, solvates and salts). Evidence is given that the racemic mixtures of the tenatoprazole potassium salts can crystallize as a stable conglomerate. The structure of the ethyl alcohol solvate, an ethyl alcohol and methyl alcohol mix solvate and the ethylene glycol solvate of the tenatoprazole potassium salt have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. These structures show that the tenatoprazole anion and the potassium cation are linked via the solvent molecule. The second part presents a comparative study of the resolutions of these potassium salts by preferential crystallisation via the AS3PC or S3PC processes. The entrainment via the AS3PC process and by using the ethylene glycol solvate presents the best results. The method has been up-scaled at two litres
Bouchkour, Zakaria. "Croissance et caractérisation de nanostructures de nitrure d’aluminium par PECVD." Limoges, 2013. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/b7f7a18c-51f9-47ff-930e-e1cb6f2cefef/blobholder:0/2013LIMO4003.pdf.
Full textAluminium nitride (AlN) is a semiconductor of great interest in optoelectronics. With a band gap of 6. 2 eV, it makes it possible to reach deep UV wavelengths. The aim of this PhD thesis is to obtain, understand and manage growth (density, size) of AlN nano-islands produced by PECVD (plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition) on plane and nanostructured monocrystalline substrates. A huge work relative to process control and optimization of operating conditions in order to obtain AlN nano-islands was necessary. The comprehension of surface phenomena, as well as the influence of deposition parameters has been the major part of the work, the most important parameters being: the deposition temperature, the precursors flow ratio and the substrate RF-bias. The morphology of the films was characterized by atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Their microstructure has been studied by X-ray diffraction and electron diffraction (TEM). The study of microstructural characteristics and optical properties of the obtained deposits led to the demonstration of a quantum confinement effect through ellipsometric measurements. A growth mechanism of AlN stemming from a correlation of characterizations data is eventually proposed. Finally, growth trials on templates have been initiated
Ramos, Aline. "Nucléation et croissance cristallines dans un verre SiO-AlO-LiO étude par microscopie électronique à haute résolution et absorption des rayons X /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37617884b.
Full textGlastre, Catherine. "Mesure du contenu minéral osseux lombaire chez l'enfant par absorptiométrie biphotonique aux rayons X : valeurs normales ; corrélations avec les paramètres de croissance." Lyon 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LYO1M110.
Full textAntad, Vivek Vishwanath. "Contrôle de la croissance et de la réactivité de nanoparticules métalliques par spectroscopie optique in situ." Poitiers, 2011. http://nuxeo.edel.univ-poitiers.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/35759283-29ff-4bbd-a574-690c779b5431.
Full textA non-intrusive in situ surface differential reflectance spectroscopy (SDRS) is adapted on a magnetron sputtering deposition technique in order to study the optical properties of metal: dielectric nanocomposites in real-time during their alternate depositions. SDRS is helpful in studying optical properties of metal nanoclusters which are dominated by the surface plasma resonance (SPR), which is sensitive, not only to the morphology and organization of the nanoclusters, but also to their physical and/or chemical surroundings. Hence, to establish the correlation between the optical properties of nanoclusters and their nanostructure, post mortem high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM) and grazing-incidence smallangle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) techniques are implemented. Following the signature SPR in real-time helps us not only to understand the different growth regimes through which the metal nanoclusters evolve, but also to study the effects caused by the physical and/or chemical treatments (such as, exposure of nanoclusters to different gases, either non-ionized or partially ionized, thermal annealing, and low-energy plasma annealing). Finally, the influence of a dielectric (Si3N4) capping matrix on the optical properties of the metal nanoclusters is equally studied after each physical and/or chemical treatment. In this way, the in situ optical spectroscopy allows us to monitor the optical properties of nanocomposites thin films during all the deposition steps and the additional post mortem structural characterization techniques help us to understand the different phenomena taking place at the nanoscale
Meneau, Caroline. "Croissance de nitrure d'aluminium par traitements plasma de surface d'Al ; corrélations entre microstructure, état micromécanique et comportement tribologique." Poitiers, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998POIT2304.
Full textMaillet, Perrine. "Structure et croissance de nanotubes de Ge-imogolite simple et double-paroi." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00584846.
Full textAndreazza, Pascal. "Croissance en gel de cristaux organiques : pom et npp. caracterisation par topographie aux rayons x et par l'etude des proprietes optiques non-lineaires." Paris 6, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA066377.
Full textETGENS, VICTOR. "Etapes de la croissance epitaxiale par jets moleculaires de znte sur gaas(001) : une etude par diffraction de rayons-x sous incidence rasante." Paris 6, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA066111.
Full textBesson, Sophie Marie Catherine. "Films organisés de silice mésoporeuse : Synthèse, caractérisation structurale et utilisation pour la croissance de nanoparticules." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2002EPXX0012.
Full textLafont, Sylvaine. "Interactions des molécules de protéines en solution : application à la critallogénèse." Aix-Marseille 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX30047.
Full textDravecz, Gabriella. "Study of the phase equilibria in the ternary systems X2O-Li2O-Nb2O5(X=Na, Rb, Cs), single crystal growth and characterization of LiNbO3." Thesis, Metz, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009METZ011S/document.
Full textThe versatility of the application of LiNbO3 is well-known in the practical fields of acousto-electronics and non-linear optics and electro-optics. The optical damage threshold of stoichiometric LiNbO3 is higher so it is more suitable for electo-optical and non-linear optical applications than the congruent crystal which can be grown easier. The growth difficulties justify the development of alternative preparation methods or the improvement of the existing methods. This emphasizes the importance of the growth of stoichiometric LiNbO3 by the HTTSSG method not only from the K2O - Li2O - Nb2O5 ternary system but from the X2O - Li2O - Nb2O5 (X = Rb, Cs) systems as well. Using the presented phase diagrams the composition of the solution in equilibrium with a custom-tailored crystal composition can be determined. Most of the physical parameters of LiNbO3 are composition dependent. Even a small change of the composition (± 0.01 mol%) causes large differences in the properties so the determination of the Li2O content of the crystal with the highest possible accuracy is very important. The accuracy of the composition determination – described in detail in my thesis – based on the intensity ratio of the two characteristic bands in the OH- vibrational spectra of the near stoichiometric LiNbO3 satisfies the requirements imposed by the applications
Merckling, Clément. "Croissance épitaxiale d'oxydes "High-k" sur silicium pour CMOS avancé : LaAlO3, GdO3, γ-Al2O3." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2007. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/cmerckling.pdf.
Full textRésumé en anglais
Leconte, Yann. "Croissance et propriétés du silicium granulaire en films minces : procédé basse température et rôle critique des radicaux hydrures dans le plasma." Caen, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CAEN2019.
Full textDaniel, Philippe. "Etude structurale et vibrationnelle des fluorures MF3 (M=Al, Cr, Ga, Fe, V, In. . . )." Le Mans, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LEMA1012.
Full textChauveau, Jean-Michel. "Influence des conditions de croissance sur la qualité structurale et la morphologie de surface de rampes à composition graduelle InAlAs sur GaAs : application aux HEMTs métamorphiques." Lille 1, 2001. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2001/50376-2001-297.pdf.
Full textLamirand, Anne. "Croissance épitaxiale, structure atomique et couplage d'échange de bicouches ultra-minces d'oxydes sur métaux." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENY032/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with the determination of atomic, electronic and magnetic structure of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic ultrathin layers to better understand the mechanism of the exchange coupling which could takes place at their interface. Exchange coupling, expression of the interaction between the two materials, manifests itself by a shift of hysteresis loop and an increase in coercivity below the blocking temperature. We have paid attention to the systems of CoO/FePt on Pt(001), CoO/Fe and CoO/Fe3O4 on Ag(001). We combined experimental techniques mainly using synchrotron light to characterize them. As a first step, we optimized in a ultra-high vacuum (UHV) environment the elaboration of the systems looking for an appropriate surface, the high control of growth conditions and the supervision of the structure by in situ X-ray surface diffraction. The crystalline structure was precisely then detailed. As a second step, we studied the magnetic structure and properties ex situ by X-ray magnetic circular and linear dichroïsm and magneto-optic Kerr effect. The relation between exchange coupling and interface structure is discussed all along the manuscript
Loubat, Anais. "Croissance par voie chimique et propriétés de transport électronique de nanofils d'or." Phd thesis, INSA de Toulouse, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01037878.
Full textOuerghi, Abdelkarim. "Croissance épitaxiale de MnAs sur GaAs(111) et étude des reconstructions de la surface de MnAs." Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066568.
Full textPanicaud, Benoît. "Contraintes « de croissance » et cinétiques d'oxydation dans des couches d'oxydes thermiques de Fer et de Nickel ;Etude in-situ par Diffraction des Rayons X et modélisation." Phd thesis, Université de La Rochelle, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00169180.
Full textPanicaud, Benoît. "Contraintes "de croissance" et cinétiques d'oxydation dans des couches d'oxydes thermiques de fer et de nickel : étude in-situ par diffraction des rayons X et modélisation." La Rochelle, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LAROS121.
Full textA metal oxidation leads to a specific strain link to the oxide growth. This growth strain is supposed to be proportional to the oxide layer thickness. We study the " growth " stresses in some metals : nickel, untreated iron and phosphated iron. The first two materials oxidation is parabolic. On the other hand, the phosphated iron oxidation shows several features : phases inversion in the oxide layer, kinetic transition. Complementary analyses led by X – Rays Diffraction showed that the layer of phosphate seemed to play the role of a diffusion barrier. The stability of the phosphate layer during the oxidation and the oxide layers morphology confirmed that the kinetic accident has a mechanical origin. The measure of the stresses in the oxides has been achieved by XRD, with Synchrotron Radiation. In the first time, the stresses modelling in thermal oxides on metals allowed us to reproduce experimental results. Finally, we develop an identification method of the system parameters
Amari, Smaïl. "Etude des matériaux pérovskites pour la détection directe des rayonnements ionisants." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALI039.
Full textThe hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite MAPbBr3 is a promising semiconductor for X-ray detection applications. Photodetection in the energy range used in medical radiography requires a high material thickness (> 500 µm). The main objective of this work was to study the impact of solution growth conditions of millimeter thick crystals on crystal defects (strains, dislocations, inclusions, and impurities). In this context, we set up an original methodology for the rapid optimization of growth conditions based on growth mechanisms and growth kinetics monitoring. The growth conditions used enabled us to produce crystals covering a wide range of crystal defects. The impact of these defects on the electronic properties of MAPbBr3 single crystal X-ray detector devices was studied. It appears that strains, dislocations, impurities, and nanoscopic solvent inclusions have little impact on the resistivity and sensitivity of the detectors. On the other hand, a high density of micrometric inclusions tends to significantly degrade the electronic properties of the devices
Levard, Clément. "Nanoparticules naturelles : imogolites et allophanes. Structure, mécanismes de croissance et capacité de rétention des éléments traces métalliques." Phd thesis, Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille III, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00368753.
Full textDans un premier temps, une étude sur des composés synthétiques analogues aux aluminosilicates a permis d'approfondir nos connaissances sur la structure et les mécanismes de formation des imogolites et allophanes. La synthèse de nanotubes de type imogolite (Si-imogolite et Ge-imogolite) a pu être optimisée ouvrant ainsi les portes à de potentielles applications industrielles. Enfin, notre étude a permis de mettre en avant le rôle important des nanoparticules naturelles sur la dynamique du Ni dans un andosol de la Réunion. Ainsi, près de 80% du Ni est lié aux aluminosilicates structurés à courte distance.
Huet, Frédérik. "Croissance et optimisation de composants à base de GaN sur saphir : LED bleues et transistors." Lille 1, 2000. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2000/50376-2000-99.pdf.
Full textCoraux, Johann. "Etude par spectroscopie X en condition de diffraction de la croissance et de l'encapsulation de boites quantiques GaN/AlN." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00105778.
Full textLa mesure des structures fines en conditions de diffraction (spectroscopie X en condition de diffraction) et de la diffraction anomale, dans une géométrie en incidence rasante indispensable pour l'étude de nanoobjets, à nécessité des développements expérimentaux spécifiques. Conjointement, un effort particulier a été porté sur la prise en compte des effets dynamiques associés à l'utilisation d'une incidence rasante, dans l'analyse quantitative des résultats. En outre, les résultats ont été confrontés à des simulations des diagrammes de diffraction, des structures fines en condition de diffraction et de la diffraction anomale, sur la base de simulations des champs de déformations dans les boîtes quantiques.
L'encapsulation de boîtes quantiques GaN (0001) par AlN, susceptible de modifier les propriétés structurales et donc optoélectroniques des boîtes, a été étudié, in situ pendant la croissance et ex situ, par diffraction anomale et spectroscopie X en condition de diffraction ou d'absorption, par TEM et AFM. Ces mesures ont permis de proposer un mécanisme d'encapsulation original, et de mettre en évidence l'évolution des propriétés structurales des boîtes pendant l'encapsulation. L'empilement de plans de boîtes quantiques, et les effets de corrélations verticale de la position des boîtes associés, ont par ailleurs été étudié in situ, par diffraction anomale et diffusion aux petits angles en incidence rasante. Par RHEED, une étude préliminaire structurale du mûrissement des boîtes quantiques GaN (0001) a été entreprise. Enfin, AFM, TEM et MEIS ont permis d'analyser les propriétés structurales et optoélectroniques de boîtes quantiques GaN (11-20) auto-organisées.
Zouggar, Mostapha. "Effets du broyage sur les propriétés structurales et mécaniques de poudres de fer pur et sur l'activation de la nitruration." Poitiers, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000POIT2283.
Full textLambert, Jean-François. "Cristallogenèse et caractérisations physico-chimiques et optiques des matériaux semiconducteurs AIn₂Te₄ (A=Cd, Zn et Mn) : leurs potentialités comme modulateur dans la bande spectrale 1,06-10,6 micromètres." Bordeaux 1, 1993. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00136625.
Full textRamos, Aline. "Nucleation et croissance cristallines dans un verre sio::(2)-al::(2)o::(3)-li::(2)o : etude par microscopie electronique a haute resolution et absorption des rayons x." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066504.
Full textTa, Minh-Tri. "Croissance et caractérisations de couches minces d'oxydes à constante diélectrique élevée sur silicium : Etude de la sensibilité de condensateurs MOS aux rayonnements ionisants." Caen, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CAEN2049.
Full textThis work is devoted to the growth on oxide thin film silicon substrate of elements of the family of rare earths, the yttrium oxide (Y2O3) and cerium (CeO2) oxidizes it. The technique of deposit used is r. F. Magnetron sputtering (13. 56 MHz). The yttrium oxide is deposited starting from a metal yttrium target, pulverization being carried out starting from a gas mixture Argon/Oxygen. The thin layers of cerium oxide are obtained by pulverization of a target of CeO2 by Argon. The temperature of growth lies between 200 °C and 800 °C. The possible annealing of oxide films is carried out either by a conventional thermal annealing, or by a fast technique of annealing. In the beginning, we present, according to the growth’s parameters, the structural properties extracted from measurements of x-rays diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. Then, we present the results of the electrical measurements (capacity-tension mode) taken on the MOS capacitors containing the Y2O3 or CeO2 layers. Their analysis makes it possible to qualify and to quantify the active defects electrical that are the charge in oxide and the states in the interface oxidizes/silicon, of which the density depends on the growth and annealing conditions. Finally, a sensitivity study of these devices with the gamma rays and with the neutrons is presented. A correlation is made between the crystalline quality of the thin film, the charge density as well in oxide as with the interface/silicon oxidizes, and the sensitivity of the devices. These results show in particular that for the capacitor containing Y2O3 layer, with the important densities of defects confer a very high sensitivity to the gamma rays
Saint-Martin, Romuald. "Croissance cristalline, structure et propriétés de transport thermique des cuprates unidimensionnels Sr2CuO3, SrCuO2 et La5Ca9Cu24O41." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA112203.
Full textToday’s new technologies bring increasing demands to the electronics industry whose capacity of electronic circuits and related microprocessors increases very rapidly, following Moore’s law. The increasing number of transistors per unit area brings about significant heating which may be harmful to the good functioning of the systems and creates problems in the evacuation of the very localized heat generated in the electronic components. In order to control the heat flow which is produced, it is essential to use new materials able to conduct rapidly and efficiently, i. e. unidirectionally, the heat toward a heat sink. The present thesis work deals with the above described issues and presents the study of materials which have to be insulating in order to avoid short circuits in the electronic components and also exhibit a strong anisotropy of the thermal conductivity in order to evacuate the heat exclusively in one direction. Single crystals are therefore required. In order to realize thermal conductivity measurements in the best conditions, perfect homogeneous single crystals of excellent quality were synthesized by the Travelling Solvent Zone Method. This no-crucible crystal growth method allows the synthesis of impurity-free single crystals several cm long. The investigated materials are the low dimensional cuprates Sr2CuO3, SrCuO2 and La5Ca9Cu24O41 exhibiting in their structures an alignment of Cu2+ ions of spin ½ as linear chains or ladders, showing thus a distinct 1D character. Their thermal conductivity in the 1D direction is described as the sum of two contributions, one phononic and the other of magnetic origin. In order to obtain a better understanding of the different competitive interaction mechanisms, the influence on thermal conductivity, of the purity of the compounds and also of doping on the copper site has been investigated. Furthermore, structural refinement was done (X-ray and neutron diffraction) and has permitted to highlight distortions in the La5Ca9Cu24O41 samples