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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Crop'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Kufimfutu, Bakelana ba. "Crop planting pattern effects on crop and weed growth /." The Ohio State University, 1992. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487778663287222.

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2

Åström, Petter. "Cash crops vs food crops : A case study of household's crop choices in Babati District." Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Life Sciences, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-2605.

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<p>According to earlier research farmer's crop orientation in developing countries mainly depends on farm size, large-scale farmers prefer cash crop while small-scale farmers prefer subsistence crops. The first aim of this study is to see if this hypothesis can be applied on six households in Babati District in rural Tanzania. The second aim is to investigate if other factors than farm size affect crop portfolio choice and the final aim is to see if those crop portfolio models can be improved. A case-study research design and qualitative interviews are used. The primary data is based on a fiel

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3

Subedi-Chalise, Kopila. "Impacts of Crop Residue and Cover Crops on Soil Hydrological Properties, Soil Water Storage and Water Use Efficiency of Soybean Crop." Thesis, South Dakota State University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10265200.

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<p> Cover crops and crop residue play a multifunctional role in improving soil hydrological properties, soil water storage and water use efficiency (WUE). This study was conducted to better understand the role of crop residue and cover crop on soil properties and soil water dynamics. The study was conducted at the USDA-ARS North Central Agricultural Research Laboratory, located in Brookings, South Dakota. Two residue removal treatments that include low residue removal (LRR) and high residue removal (HRR) were established in 2000 with randomized complete block design under no-till corn (Zea may

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4

Ramirez, Almeyda Jacqueline <1985&gt. "Lignocellulosic Crops in Europe: Integrating Crop Yield Potentials with Land Potentials." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7854/1/Tesi_J.Ramirez_2017_Lignocellulosic%20crops%20potentials%20in%20EU.pdf.

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Given the ambitious EU targets to further decarbonise the economy, it can be expected that the demand for lignocellulosic biomass will continue to grow. Provisioning of part of this biomass by dedicated biomass crops becomes an option. This study presents integrated approach for crop allocation based on land availability and crop requirements. The model analysis to investigate the potential extension of unused land and its suitability for lignocellulosic crops was carried out in 37 European countries at the NUTS3 level. The CAPRI model predicts future land use changes and was used as a basic

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5

Murphy, Donal Patrick Lee. "Crop structure and crop productivity in winter barley, (Hordeum sativum)." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262202.

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6

Perkins, Seth A. "Crop model review and sweet sorghum crop model parameter development." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/14037.

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Master of Science<br>Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering<br>Kyle Douglas-Mankin<br>Opportunities for alternative biofuel feedstocks are widespread for a number of reasons: increased environmental and economic concerns over corn production and processing, limitations in the use of corn-based ethanol to 57 billion L (15 billion gal) by the Energy Independence and Security Act (US Congress, 2007), and target requirements of 136 billion L (36 billion gal) of renewable fuel production by 2022. The objective of this study was to select the most promising among currently available

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7

Schmitz, Austin. "Row crop navigation by autonomous ground vehicle for crop scouting." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/36237.

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Master of Science<br>Department of Biological & Agricultural Engineering<br>Daniel Flippo<br>Robotic vehicles have the potential to play a key role in the future of agriculture. For this to happen designs that are cost effective, robust, and easy to use will be necessary. Robotic vehicles that can pest scout, monitor crop health, and potentially plant and harvest crops will provide new ways to increase production within agriculture. At this time, the use of robotic vehicles to plant and harvest crops poses many challenges including complexity and power consumption. The incorporation of sma

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8

Watt, J. "3D crop modelling." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2013. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1421425/.

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Crop models have become increasingly useful tools for understanding and implementing sus¬tainable agricultural techniques and as a way of accurately predicting crop yields for economists and policy decision makers. Using remotely sensed imagery can significantly reduce the effort required to obtain the in¬puts for crop models and can provide regular sets of observations throughout a growing season. Empirical models can be used to extract information regarding the crop from remotely sensed images but have well-documented limitations. Coupling a crop model with a radiative transfer model allows

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9

Potter, Mark. "Biochemical studies of tissue glucosinolates for improvement of canola (Brassica napus) as a disease break within the southern Australian cereal rotation /." Title page, contents and summary only, 1998. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09php8678.pdf.

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Thesis (Ph.D) -- University of Adelaide, Depts. of Plant Science and Crop Protection, 1998.<br>Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Depts. of Plant Science and Crop Protection, 1999? Bibliographical references: leaves 112-125.

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10

Arnet, Kevin Broc. "Cover crops in no-tillage crop rotations in eastern and western Kansas." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/4086.

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11

Ess, Daniel R. "Cover crop residue effects on machine-induced soil compaction." Diss., This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06062008-164819/.

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12

Alexander, Peter Mark William. "Modelling the UK perennial energy crop market." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/9645.

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Biomass produced from perennial energy crops, Miscanthus and willow or poplar grown as short-rotation coppice, is expected to contribute to UK renewable energy targets and reduce the carbon intensity of energy production. The UK Government has had incentives in place, targeting farmers and power plant investors to develop this market, but growth has been slower than anticipated. Market expansion requires farmers to select to grow these crops, and the construction of facilities, such as biomass power plants, to consume them. Farmer behaviour and preferences, including risk-aversion, are believe

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13

Balnytė, Skirmantė. "Agroecosystem Optimization by Crop Rotation, Catch Crop and Manure in Organic Farming." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2011. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2010~D_20110902_143932-39161.

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To analyse the influence of crop rotations with a different ratio of nitrogen-fixing crops, catch crops and fertilisation with organic fertilisers on the following: 1. Soil enzyme activity; 2. Agrochemical properties of the soil and nitrogen balance; 3. Weed response; 4. Weed seed bank in the soil; 5. Crop yield and productivity.<br>Agroekosistemų optimizavimo augalų kaita, tarpiniais pasėliais ir organinėmis trąšomis ekologinėje žemdirbystėje tyrimai vykdyti 2004–2009 m., Lietuvos žemės ūkio universiteto Bandymų stotyje, sertifikuotame ekologinės žemdirbystės lauke, karbonatingame sekliai glė

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14

Key, Georgina. "Cross-crop benefits : developing crop combinations to promote conservation biological pest control." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.658572.

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In agroecosystems, conservation biological control is often constrained by low availability of pollen and nectar. Although floral resources can be integrated into agricultural systems, this usually requires sacrifice of productive land. This thesis describes experiments which test the influence of floral resources provided by species which have marketable value in their own right as food or medicinal crops. Floralresource strips comprising such species were intercropped with Brassica crops at plot, field and commercial scales in replicated field experiments. The abundance and distribution of k

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15

Gayam, Narsi Reddy. "Risk in agriculture : a study of crop yield distributions and crop insurance." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/35537.

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Thesis (M. Eng. in Logistics)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2006.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 52-53).<br>Agriculture is a business fraught with risk. Crop production depends on climatic, geographical, biological, political, and economic factors, which introduce risks that are quantifiable given the appropriate mathematical and statistical methodologies. Accurate information about the nature of historical crop yields is an important modeling input that helps farmers, agribusinesses, and governmental bodies in managing risk and establish

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16

Lena, Bruno Patias. "Crop evapotranspiration and crop coefficient of jatropha from first to fourth year." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11152/tde-06012017-111443/.

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The determination of crop coefficient (Kc) with adequate methodology is important to quantify regional water requirement. Jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.) Kc is still unknown and this information will be essential to provide reliable irrigation parameters, as well as for crop zoning. The objective of this study was to determine jatropha actual crop evapotranspiration (ETc) and Kc from 1st to 4th growing year, and correlate Kc with leaf area index (LAI) and cumulative thermal unit (CTU). The experiment was performed from March 2012 to August 2015 at \"Luiz de Queiroz\" College of Agriculture (ESAL

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17

Myers, Brian. "Variable crop residue management." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/35271.

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Master of Agribusiness<br>Department of Agricultural Economics<br>Jeffery R. Williams<br>Production agriculture is constantly evolving to become more efficient and productive. Crop residue serves as a valuable source of nutrients for the soil, but it is increasingly abundant with today’s enhanced crop genetics. If new technology can effectively provide a way to micro-manage crop residue levels within a field, the benefits will go beyond soil health. Surplus crop residue can be collected for secondary income while leaving the optimum amounts in the field to maintain the environment and soi

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18

Silvertooth, Jeffrey C. "Early Season Crop Management." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/558539.

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Revised 06/2015; Originally published: 02/2001<br>2 pp.<br>The approaches and techniques used to produce a cotton crop in Arizona can vary to some degree from county to county, or from farm to farm. However, one of the objectives that has become increasingly common across Arizona is that of achieving earliness with a crop.

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19

Watson, J., and M. Sheedy. "Crop Water Use Estimates." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/210312.

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Irrigation scheduling, by keeping track of irrigation applications, soil storage and crop water use, has been computerized by a number of different individuals. A key component of the computerized methods is the estimation of a reference crop evapotranspiration rate. Complaints about one such method, AZSCHED, led the authors to compare the reference crop evapotranspiration values calculated by AZSCHED with those calculated by a second procedure available used by AZMET. Results of the comparison indicated that no significant difference existed between methods, for either a traditionally "long s

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20

Jones, Jennifer S., John C. Palumbo, and Peter C. Ellsworth. "Arizona Crop Information Site." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/215239.

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The Arizona Crop Information Site (ACIS) http://cals.arizona.edu/crops was launched by the University of Arizona in 2001. This site provides a one-stop resource for those seeking information on Arizona crop protection and production information. The site is the result of input and cooperation across Arizona’s agricultural community. The amount of information on the site continues to grow as does the site’s importance, usefulness and number of visitors.

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21

Mditshwa, Sithembele. "Estimating maize grain yield from crop growth stages using remote sensing and GIS in the Free State Province, South Africa." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/6016.

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Early yield prediction of a maize crop is important for planning and policy decisions. Many countries, including South Africa use the conventional techniques of data collection for maize crop monitoring and yield estimation which are based on ground-based visits and reports. These methods are subjective, very costly and time consuming. Empirical models have been developed using weather data. These are also associated with a number of problems due to the limited spatial distribution of weather stations. Efforts are being made to improve the accuracy and timeliness of yield prediction methods. W

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22

Castellazzi, M. S. "Spatio-temporal modelling of crop co-existence in European agricultural landscapes." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2007. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/3747.

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The environmental risk of growing genetically modified (GM) crops and particularly the spreading of GM genes to related non-GM crops is currently a concern in European agriculture. Because the risks of contamination are linked to the spatial and temporal arrangements of crops within the landscape, scenarios of crop arrangement are required to investigate the risks and potential coexistence measures. However, until recently, only manual methods were available to create scenarios. This thesis aims to provide a flexible referenced tool to create such scenarios. The model, called LandSFACTS, is a

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23

Mallory, Ellen B. "Crop/Livestock Integration Effects on Soil Quality, Crop Production, and Soil Nitrogen Dynamics." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2007. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/MalloryEB2007.pdf.

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24

Isaac, Gura. "Crop rotation and crop residue management effects under no till on the soil quality of two ecotopes in the Eastern Cape, South Africa." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/2934.

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The degradation of soil quality due to undesirable farming practices has reached alarming scales in the Eastern Cape and this has had negative repercussions on soil productivity and the environment in general. There is growing evidence that conservation agriculture (CA) practices involving minimal mechanical disturbance, maintaining permanent surface cover and embracing diverse crop rotations increase soil organic carbon (SOC) and therefore has potential to mitigate soil quality deterioration. A study was carried out at two sites located in two ecotopes to investigate the effects of crop resid

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25

Zhen, Chen. "Celestial satellite and earthly crop yield: informational content of satellite-based crop yield forecasts." Thesis, Montana State University, 2001. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2001/zhen/ZhenC2001.pdf.

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Since the late 70s, burgeoning efforts have been allocated to study the potential of monitoring crop conditions and forecasting crop yields via remote sensing from the satellite. An overwhelming majority of these studies shows that remote sensing from the satellite express high predictive power in crop forecasting. In this thesis, using satellite images to forecast wheat yield from 1989 to 2000 in six Montana Crop Reporting Districts (CRD), several statistical improvements were achieved over extant crop forecasting models. First, different weights were allowed for satellite images obtained at

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26

Al-Shammari, Dhahi Turki Jadah. "Remote sensing applications for crop type mapping and crop yield prediction for digital agriculture." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/29771.

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This thesis addresses important topics in agricultural modelling research. Chapter 1 describes the importance of land productivity and the pressure on the agricultural sector to provide food. In chapter 2, a summer crop type mapping model has been developed to map major cotton fields in-season in the Murray Darling Basin (MDB) in Australia. In chapter 3, a robust crop classification model has been designed to classify two major crops (cereals and canola) in the MDB in Australia. chapter 4 focused on exploring changes in prediction quality with changes in the spatial resolution of predictors an

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27

Dodds, Paul Edward. "Development of a crop model to examine crop management and climate change in Senegal." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2010. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/1121/.

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Frequent droughts and sub-optimal crop management have been identified as the principal constraints on agricultural intensifcation in the Sahel. A new model, the Crop Model for Sahelian Adaptation Studies (CROMSAS), was developed to examine the influence of climatic variability, climate change and crop management strategies on millet yields. To improve the simulation of environmental stresses, several original features were implemented including a new leaf expansion methodology, semi-independent tillers, stress-dependent partitioning, and intercropping. CROMSAS was designed in a structured, ac

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28

Ping, Zhang. "The partitioning of water loss between crop transpiration and soil evaporation in potato crops." Thesis, University of Reading, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.303926.

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29

Christenson, Andi Marie. "Cover crops for horseweed [Conyza canadensis (L.)] control before and during a soybean crop." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/19230.

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Master of Science<br>Department of Agronomy<br>J. Anita Dille<br>Kraig Roozeboom<br>Increasing numbers of herbicide-resistant weed species require alternative methods of weed suppression to be examined. This study quantified the interaction between various cover crop or herbicide systems and horseweed [Conyza canadensis (L.)] growth. Fall cover crops of winter wheat [Triticum aestivum (L.)], winter rye [Secale cereal (L.)], barley [Hordeum vulgare (L.)] and annual ryegrass [Lolium multiflorum (L.)] were seeded in November 2012 and 2013. Spring cover crop of oat [Avena sativa (L.)] was seeded i

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30

Addala, Venkata Krishna Raju. "Mining genes from crop genebanks." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0015/MQ52868.pdf.

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31

Li, Bo. "Studies of weed-crop competition." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262269.

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32

Songjang, Khemika. "Peptides to inhibit crop predation." Thesis, University of Reading, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.428155.

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33

Endacott, Christopher John. "Studies on electrodynamic crop spraying." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/47423.

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34

Herse, Maria. "Crop improvement using synthetic variation." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.607892.

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35

Gelt, Joe. "Wanted: A Viable Biofuel Crop." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622106.

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36

Munda, Bruce, Tim C. Knowles, Art Meen, Vic Wakimoto, and Bill Worthy. "Winter Forage Cover Crop Trials." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/208283.

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Several crops were evaluated at Worthy farms, near Marana, AZ, Wakimoto farms, Mohave Valley, near Bullhead City, AZ, and the Tucson Plant Materials Center for use as a winter cover crop following cotton with potential to reduce wind erosion and produce one to two hay cuttings. Hairy vetch (Vicia villosa), 'Lana' woolypod vetch (Vicia villosa ssp. varia), 'Papago' pea (Pisum sativum), and 'Biomaster' pea (Pisum sativum) were sown at the Tucson Plant Materials Center. Species sown at Worthy farm were: Papago pea, Lana vetch, and Biomaster pea. Species sown at Wakimoto farm were: Biomaster pea,

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37

Silvertooth, J. C., P. W. Brown, and J. E. Malcuit. "Basic Cotton Crop Development Patterns." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/208324.

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Summaries of cotton crop phenology, as a function of heat units (HU, 86/55°F limits) have been developed across a wide range of production conditions in Arizona. Optimum ranges in HU accumulations since January 1 are used to describe planting dates to maintain optimum yield potentials with full season varieties. Basic events such as the occurrence of pinhead squares, squares that are susceptible to pink bollworm, and first bloom are described in terms of HU accumulations since planting. Also, the expected ranges of HU's accumulated since planting that are required to accomplish crop cut -out a

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38

Oppong-Konadu, Eden Y. "Evolution in genetically diverse populations of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.336773.

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39

Wang, Dong. "Reducing the environmental risks and hazards of crop production by biosafe use of transgenic crops." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.511191.

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40

Ödegaard, Knut. "Cash crop versus food crop production in Tanzania an assessment of the major post-colonial trends /." Lund : [Dept. of Economics, University of Lund], 1985. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/18958128.html.

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41

Humble, Shauna Marie. "Weeds and ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) as influenced by crop rotation type and crop input management." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/MQ62758.pdf.

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42

Atkinson, Ross G. "Molecular approaches to horticultural crop improvement." Thesis, University of Auckland, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/1911.

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Plant biotechnology and molecular biology are now being used to complement conventional breeding programmes in most of the world's important crop species. The aim of the research described in this thesis was to improve New Zealand's horticultural crop plants through application of similar molecular techniques. A) Gene transfer systems for apple, pepino and tamarillo Tissue culture systems were developed for micropropagation and regeneration of apple (cv Royal Gala), pepino (cv El Camino) and tamarillo (selection Oratia Red). In all three species, transient expression of the gusA reporter gene

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43

Jagbrant, Gustav. "Autonomous Crop Segmentation, Characterisation and Localisation." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för systemteknik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-97374.

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Orchards demand large areas of land, thus they are often situated far from major population centres. As a result it is often difficult to obtain the necessary personnel, limiting both growth and productivity. However, if autonomous robots could be integrated into the operation of the orchard, the manpower demand could be reduced. A key problem for any autonomous robot is localisation; how does the robot know where it is? In agriculture robots, the most common approach is to use GPS positioning. However, in an orchard environment, the dense and tall vegetation restricts the usage to large robot

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44

Artus, Sally. "VEGIGRO: a crop growth teaching model." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.484201.

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45

Ashby, Alison Mary. "Agrobacterium tumefaciens : chemotaxis and crop protection." Thesis, Durham University, 1988. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/6723/.

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Chemotaxis in Agrobacierium tumefaciens was studied. Several plant derived monocyclic phenolic compounds were analysed for their ability to act as chemoattractants for A. tumefaciens C58C (^1) and as inducers of the Ti-plasmid virulence operons. The results divided the phenolics into 4 groups. A strong correlation between vir- inducing ability and Ti-plasmid requirement for chemo taxis was established and chemical structure rules for vir induction and chemo taxis are outlined. Furthermore, virA and virG were found to be the Ti-plasmid virulence genes required for chemo taxis towards the monocy

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46

Afreh-Nuamah, K. "Spray distribution in a tree crop." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/38212.

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47

Al-Azri, Masoud. "Modelling crop diseases for food security." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/44777/.

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Global crop production is affected by seasonal and climatic variations in temperature, rainfall patterns or intensity and the occurrence of abiotic and biotic stresses. Climate change can alter pest and pathogen populations as well as pathogen complexes that pose an enormous risk to crop yields and future food security. Crop simulation models have been validated as an important tool for the development of more resilient agricultural systems and improved decision making for growers. The Agricultural Production Systems Simulator (APSIM) is a software tool that enables sub-models to be incorporat

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48

Burns, James Ian. "Agricultural Crop Monitoring with Computer Vision." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/52563.

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Precision agriculture allows farmers to efficiently use their resources with site-specific applications. The current work looks to computer vision for the data collection method necessary for such a smart field, including cameras sensitive to visual (430-650~nm), near infrared (NIR,750-900~nm), shortwave infrared (SWIR,950-1700~nm), and longwave infrared (LWIR,7500-16000~nm) light. Three areas are considered in the study: image segmentation, multispectral image registration, and the feature tracking of a stressed plant. The accuracy of several image segmentation methods are compared. Basic th

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49

Shakoor, Arif. "Crop rotation planning using simulated annealing." Master's thesis, This resource online, 1995. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-02232010-020018/.

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50

Husaker, Douglas, and Dale Bucks. "Crop Yield Variability in Irrigated Wheat." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/200484.

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Optimum design and management of irrigated wheat production is limited by the scarcity of information available on yield variability. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the spatial variability in soil-water parameters and the effects compared to grain yield response under level-basin irrigation. Three levels of seasonal irrigation water and two border lengths were used. Grain yields were found to increase significantly with the amount of water applied and soil water depletion (estimate of crop evapotranspiration), although yield variability was greater with reduced or deficit irrigation

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