Journal articles: 'Crops – Physiology'

1

Reid, M. S. "Post-harvest physiology of food crops." Scientia Horticulturae 29, no. 3 (July 1986): 291–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-4238(86)90072-5.

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Troyo-Diéguez, E., B. Murillo-Amador, E. O. Rueda-Puente, A. Nieto-Garibay, R. D. Valdez-Cepeda, H. C. Fraga-Palomino, and J. L. García-Hernández. "MÉTODOS FISIOTÉCNICOS PARA ESTUDIAR ESPECIES HORTÍCOLAS BAJO AGOBIO HÍDRICO: REVISIÓN CONCEPTUAL Y METODOLÓGICA." Revista Chapingo Serie Horticultura XIII, no. 2 (August 2007): 193–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.5154/r.rchsh.2006.12.064.

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Baligar, V. C., and N. K. Fageria. "Agronomy and Physiology of Tropical Cover Crops." Journal of Plant Nutrition 30, no. 8 (August 29, 2007): 1287–339. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01904160701554997.

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Wolstenholme, B. Nigel. "Environmental physiology of fruit crops. Vol. I: Temperate crops. Vol. II: Sub-tropical and tropical crops." Scientia Horticulturae 62, no. 4 (June 1995): 273–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-4238(95)90007-1.

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Grusak, Michael A., J. N. Pearson, and Eduardo Marentes. "The physiology of micronutrient homeostasis in field crops." Field Crops Research 60, no. 1-2 (January 1999): 41–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-4290(98)00132-4.

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Shunmugam, Arun, Udhaya Kannan, Yunfei Jiang, Ketema Daba, and Linda Gorim. "Physiology Based Approaches for Breeding of Next-Generation Food Legumes." Plants 7, no. 3 (September 8, 2018): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants7030072.

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Plant breeders and agricultural scientists of the 21st century are challenged to increase the yield potentials of crops to feed the growing world population. Climate change, the resultant stresses and increasing nutrient deficiencies are factors that are to be considered in designing modern plant breeding pipelines. Underutilized food legumes have the potential to address these issues and ensure food security in developing nations of the world. Food legumes in the past have drawn limited research funding and technological attention when compared to cereal crops. Physiological breeding strategies that were proven to be successful in cereals are to be adapted to legume crop improvement to realize their potential. The gap between breeders and physiologists should be narrowed by collaborative approaches to understand complex traits in legumes. This review discusses the potential of physiology based approaches in food legume breeding and how they impact yield gains and abiotic stress tolerance in these crops. The influence of roots and root system architectures in food legumes’ breeding is also discussed. Molecular breeding to map the relevant physiological traits and the potentials of gene editing those traits are detailed. It is imperative to unlock the potentials of these underutilized crops to attain sustainable environmental and nutritional food security.

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López-Marqués, Rosa L., Anton F. Nørrevang, Peter Ache, Max Moog, Davide Visintainer, Toni Wendt, Jeppe T. Østerberg, et al. "Prospects for the accelerated improvement of the resilient crop quinoa." Journal of Experimental Botany 71, no. 18 (June 18, 2020): 5333–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/eraa285.

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Abstract Crops tolerant to drought and salt stress may be developed by two approaches. First, major crops may be improved by introducing genes from tolerant plants. For example, many major crops have wild relatives that are more tolerant to drought and high salinity than the cultivated crops, and, once deciphered, the underlying resilience mechanisms could be genetically manipulated to produce crops with improved tolerance. Secondly, some minor (orphan) crops cultivated in marginal areas are already drought and salt tolerant. Improving the agronomic performance of these crops may be an effective way to increase crop and food diversity, and an alternative to engineering tolerance in major crops. Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.), a nutritious minor crop that tolerates drought and salinity better than most other crops, is an ideal candidate for both of these approaches. Although quinoa has yet to reach its potential as a fully domesticated crop, breeding efforts to improve the plant have been limited. Molecular and genetic techniques combined with traditional breeding are likely to change this picture. Here we analyse protein-coding sequences in the quinoa genome that are orthologous to domestication genes in established crops. Mutating only a limited number of such genes by targeted mutagenesis appears to be a promising route for accelerating the improvement of quinoa and generating a nutritious high-yielding crop that can meet the future demand for food production in a changing climate.

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Jones, H. G., and J. E. Corlett. "Current topics in drought physiology." Journal of Agricultural Science 119, no. 3 (December 1992): 291–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600012144.

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Drought is probably the most important factor limiting crop yields worldwide, therefore it is not surprising that there has been continuing interest in the ways in which drought affects crop yield. Efforts have been concentrated in this area in the hope that it would prove possible to use a knowledge of drought physiology to provide a rational basis for the development of rapid methods of breeding drought tolerant cultivars, and also to help in the improvement of crop management for dry conditions. The last five years have seen some important reassessments of the underlying principles and concepts involved in plant response to drought and these will be outlined in this brief review. Some of these important shifts in emphasis have been highlighted by Kramer (1988), Passioura (1988), Schulzeel al.(1988) and Boyer (1989), particularly in relation to the question of what measure of water stress is most relevant to plant function. As it is not possible to cover all aspects of drought physiology in a brief review of this nature, we highlight four topics where recent findings may have particular relevance to the improvement of drought tolerance in agricultural crops.

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Sallam, Ahmed, Ahmad M. Alqudah, Mona F. A. Dawood, P. Stephen Baenziger, and Andreas Börner. "Drought Stress Tolerance in Wheat and Barley: Advances in Physiology, Breeding and Genetics Research." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 13 (June 27, 2019): 3137. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20133137.

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Climate change is a major threat to most of the agricultural crops grown in tropical and sub-tropical areas globally. Drought stress is one of the consequences of climate change that has a negative impact on crop growth and yield. In the past, many simulation models were proposed to predict climate change and drought occurrences, and it is extremely important to improve essential crops to meet the challenges of drought stress which limits crop productivity and production. Wheat and barley are among the most common and widely used crops due to their economic and social values. Many parts of the world depend on these two crops for food and feed, and both crops are vulnerable to drought stress. Improving drought stress tolerance is a very challenging task for wheat and barley researchers and more research is needed to better understand this stress. The progress made in understanding drought tolerance is due to advances in three main research areas: physiology, breeding, and genetic research. The physiology research focused on the physiological and biochemical metabolic pathways that plants use when exposed to drought stress. New wheat and barley genotypes having a high degree of drought tolerance are produced through breeding by making crosses from promising drought-tolerant genotypes and selecting among their progeny. Also, identifying genes contributing to drought tolerance is very important. Previous studies showed that drought tolerance is a polygenic trait and genetic constitution will help to dissect the gene network(s) controlling drought tolerance. This review explores the recent advances in these three research areas to improve drought tolerance in wheat and barley.

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Summerfield, R. J., and R. J. Lawn. "Tropical Grain Legume Crops: A Commentary." Outlook on Agriculture 16, no. 4 (December 1987): 189–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003072708701600407.

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Although recent years have seen a substantial increase in grain legume production – most particularly of soyabean in the USA and then in Brazil – these crops clearly have much further potential. This review is particularly concerned with the tropically-adapted species, examining the diversity of their structure, form, and physiology, and the effects of environmental factors.

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Lakso, Alan N. "Interactions of Physiology with Multiple Environmental Stresses in Horticultural Crops." HortScience 25, no. 11 (November 1990): 1365–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.11.1365.

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Gupta, Aditi, Andrés Rico-Medina, and Ana I. Caño-Delgado. "The physiology of plant responses to drought." Science 368, no. 6488 (April 16, 2020): 266–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aaz7614.

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Drought alone causes more annual loss in crop yield than all pathogens combined. To adapt to moisture gradients in soil, plants alter their physiology, modify root growth and architecture, and close stomata on their aboveground segments. These tissue-specific responses modify the flux of cellular signals, resulting in early flowering or stunted growth and, often, reduced yield. Physiological and molecular analyses of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana have identified phytohormone signaling as key for regulating the response to drought or water insufficiency. Here we discuss how engineering hormone signaling in specific cells and cellular domains can facilitate improved plant responses to drought. We explore current knowledge and future questions central to the quest to produce high-yield, drought-resistant crops.

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Cutforth, H. W., S. V. Angadi, B. G. McConkey, M. H. Entz, D. Ulrich, K. M. Volkmar, P. R. Miller, and S. A. Brandt. "Comparing plant water relations for wheat with alternative pulse and oilseed crops grown in the semiarid Canadian prairie." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 89, no. 5 (September 1, 2009): 823–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps08138.

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Understanding the drought physiology of alternate crops is essential to assess the production risks of new cropping systems. We compared the water relations of dry (field) pea (Pisum sativum L.), chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), canola (Brassica napus L.) and mustard (Brassica juncea L.) with spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under different moisture availabilities in field trials conducted in 1997 and 1998 at Swift Current, SK. Stress experience and stress responses varied with crop type. In general, there were similarities in drought physiology between the two pulse crops and between the two oilseed crops. The mean predawn leaf water potential of pea was frequently lowest, while the mean midday leaf water potential of wheat was at least -0.40 MPa lower than for any other crop. The crops exhibited different strategies to overcome water stress. Wheat had the lowest osmotic potential at full turgor, except under drought when turgor was lowest for chickpea and wheat; the highest values were observed in Brassica spp. Mean midday pressure potentials were lowest in wheat (and mostly negative, indicating loss of turgor) and highest for the pulse crops. Mean midday pressure potential for canola was positive when well-watered, otherwise it was near 0. Despite lowering osmotic potential, wheat could not maintain positive turgor much of the time at midday. Pulse crops, with the contributions from both osmotic adjustment and cell elasticity, maintained positive turgor over a wider range of water potentials compared with the other crops. With regard to both osmotic adjustment and tissue elasticity, we ranked the crops from high to low ability to adjust to moderate to severe water stress as pulses > wheat > Brassica oilseeds. Key words: Leaf water, osmotic, turgor potentials, wheat, pulse, canola, semiarid prairie

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Gins, M. S., V. K. Gins, and A. A. Bayikov. "PRINCIPAL RESEARCH ON PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY OF VEGETABLES, FRUIT AND BERRIES CROPS WITH IMPROVED ANTIOXIDANTS CONTENT." Vegetable crops of Russia, no. 1 (March 30, 2011): 12–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.18619/2072-9146-2011-1-12-15.

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On 25th February, 2011 the jubilee international conference "The Role of Physiology and Biochemistry for Plant Introduction and Breeding of Vegetables, Fruit and Berries Crops and Medicinal Plants» was held in All-Russian Research Institute of Vegetable Breeding and Seed Production at laboratory of plant physiology and seed research and that was dedicated to 130th anniversary of Prof. Zhegalov's birth; and 80 years since the laboratory of plant physiology and seed research was organized. The major directions of plant physiology and biochemistry research in vegetables, fruit and berries crops that were presented by scientists from the former USSR republics and far abroad were reported in this article.

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15

Shorter, R., R. J. Lawn, and G. L. Hammer. "Improving Genotypic Adaptation in Crops – a Role for Breeders, Physiologists and Modellers." Experimental Agriculture 27, no. 2 (April 1991): 155–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479700018810.

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SummaryApproaches using breeding, physiology and modelling for evaluating adaptation of plant genotypes to target environments are discussed and methods of characterizing the target environments outlined. Traditional approaches, and their limitations, to evaluation of genotypic adaptation using statistical and classificatory techniques with a phenotypic model are discussed. It is suggested that a simple biological model is the most appropriate framework in which to integrate physiology and modelling with plant breeding. Methods by which physiology and modelling may contribute to assessment of adaptive traits and to selection for adaptation in a breeding programme are considered.

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Huchzermeyer, Bernhard, and Tim Flowers. "Putting halophytes to work – genetics, biochemistry and physiology." Functional Plant Biology 40, no. 9 (2013): v. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fpv40n9_fo.

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Halophytes are a small group of plants able to tolerate saline soils whose salt concentrations can reach those found in ocean waters and beyond. Since most plants, including many of our crops, are unable to survive salt concentrations one sixth those in seawater (about 80 mM NaCl), the tolerance of halophytes to salt has academic and economic importance. In 2009 the COST Action Putting halophytes to work – from genes to ecosystems was established and it was from contributions to a conference held at the Leibniz University, Hannover, Germany, in 2012 that this Special Issue has been produced. The 17 contributions cover the fundamentals of salt tolerance and aspects of the biochemistry and physiology of tolerance in the context of advancing the development of salt-tolerant crops.

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ZOHAIB, Ali, Tasawer ABBAS, and Tahira TABASSUM. "Weeds Cause Losses in Field Crops through Allelopathy." Notulae Scientia Biologicae 8, no. 1 (March 16, 2016): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nsb819752.

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A large number of weeds are known to be associated with crops and causing economic losses. Weeds interfere with crops through competition and allelopathy. They produce secondary metabolites known as allelochemicals, which belong to numerous chemical classes such as phenolics, alkaloids, fatty acids, indoles, terpens etc. However, phenolics are the predominant class of allelochemicals. The allelochemicals release from weed plants takes place through leaf leachates, decomposition of plant residues, volatilization and root exudates. Weeds leave huge quantities of their residues in field and affect the associated, as well as succeeding crops, in various cropping systems. Liberation of allelochemicals from weeds affects the germination, stand establishment, growth, yield and physiology of crop plants. They cause substantial reduction in germination and growth of the crop plants by altering various physiological processes such as enzyme activity, protein synthesis, photosynthesis, respiration, cell division and enlargement, which ultimately leads to a significant reduction in crop yield. In crux, allelopathic weeds represent a potential threat for crop plants and cause economic losses.

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Wu, R., X. Hu, and Y. Han. "Molecular Genetics and Developmental Physiology: Implications for Designing Better Forest Crops." Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences 19, no. 5 (January 1, 2000): 377–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0735-2689(00)80024-6.

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Asghari, Mohammadreza. "Impact of jasmonates on safety, productivity and physiology of food crops." Trends in Food Science & Technology 91 (September 2019): 169–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2019.07.005.

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Wu, Rongling, Xinseng Hu, and Yifan Han. "Molecular Genetics and Developmental Physiology: Implications for Designing Better Forest Crops." Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences 19, no. 5 (2000): 377–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07352689.2000.10131823.

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Asghari, Mohammadreza, and Morteza Soleimani Aghdam. "Impact of salicylic acid on post-harvest physiology of horticultural crops." Trends in Food Science & Technology 21, no. 10 (October 2010): 502–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2010.07.009.

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Richards, R. A. "Selectable traits to increase crop photosynthesis and yield of grain crops." Journal of Experimental Botany 51, suppl_1 (February 2000): 447–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jexbot/51.suppl_1.447.

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Sobejano-Paz, Verónica, Teis Nørgaard Mikkelsen, Andreas Baum, Xingguo Mo, Suxia Liu, Christian Josef Köppl, Mark S. Johnson, Lorant Gulyas, and Mónica García. "Hyperspectral and Thermal Sensing of Stomatal Conductance, Transpiration, and Photosynthesis for Soybean and Maize under Drought." Remote Sensing 12, no. 19 (September 29, 2020): 3182. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12193182.

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During water stress, crops undertake adjustments in functional, structural, and biochemical traits. Hyperspectral data and machine learning techniques (PLS-R) can be used to assess water stress responses in plant physiology. In this study, we investigated the potential of hyperspectral optical (VNIR) measurements supplemented with thermal remote sensing and canopy height (hc) to detect changes in leaf physiology of soybean (C3) and maize (C4) plants under three levels of soil moisture in controlled environmental conditions. We measured canopy evapotranspiration (ET), leaf transpiration (Tr), leaf stomatal conductance (gs), leaf photosynthesis (A), leaf chlorophyll content and morphological properties (hc and LAI), as well as vegetation cover reflectance and radiometric temperature (TL,Rad). Our results showed that water stress caused significant ET decreases in both crops. This reduction was linked to tighter stomatal control for soybean plants, whereas LAI changes were the primary control on maize ET. Spectral vegetation indices (VIs) and TL,Rad were able to track these different responses to drought, but only after controlling for confounding changes in phenology. PLS-R modeling of gs, Tr, and A using hyperspectral data was more accurate when pooling data from both crops together rather than individually. Nonetheless, separated PLS-R crop models are useful to identify the most relevant variables in each crop such as TL,Rad for soybean and hc for maize under our experimental conditions. Interestingly, the most important spectral bands sensitive to drought, derived from PLS-R analysis, were not exactly centered at the same wavelengths of the studied VIs sensitive to drought, highlighting the benefit of having contiguous narrow spectral bands to predict leaf physiology and suggesting different wavelength combinations based on crop type. Our results are only a first but a promising step towards larger scale remote sensing applications (e.g., airborne and satellite). PLS-R estimates of leaf physiology could help to parameterize canopy level GPP or ET models and to identify different photosynthetic paths or the degree of stomatal closure in response to drought.

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Gambetta, Gregory A. "Water Stress and Grape Physiology in the Context of Global Climate Change." Journal of Wine Economics 11, no. 1 (May 2016): 168–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jwe.2015.16.

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AbstractPlant adaptation to global climate change has become one of the most pressing and important topics in biology. Changes in climate that lead to increased crop water use or decreases in water availability will increase the frequency and magnitude of plant water stress. Water stress reduces plant growth and crop yield, and for perennial crops like grape, there is an added consideration: their long-term ability to tolerate and recover from this stress. This primer introduces plant water relations basics, explaining how grape physiology is affected by water stress and discussing the physiological foundations for the development of drought-tolerant cultivars and rootstocks. (JEL Classifications: Q13, Q54)

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Kumari, Arpna, Rajanbir Kaur, and Rajinder Kaur. "An insight into drought stress and signal transduction of abscisic acid." Plant Science Today 5, no. 2 (April 24, 2018): 72–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.14719/pst.2018.5.2.388.

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The sustainable crop production is one of the major issue in the era of urbanization, industrialization, and globalization. In the environment, there are number of abiotic and biotic factors which are hampering the sustainable production of crops. The drought is one of the constraints which directly/indirectly affects the crop yield. It has various negative effects on the normal physiology and biochemistry of the plants. Therefore, researchers must have to work in the field of developing drought-tolerant crop plants to meet the food needs of the exponentially growing population of the world. The present study is the outcome of an extensive literature survey on the basic perturbations of drought to the crops, role of abscisic acid (ABA) in stressful conditions and its signal transduction.

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Yuan, Chen, Hongmei Li, Cheng Qin, Xian Zhang, Qianqian Chen, Pengcheng Zhang, Xiaorui Xu, et al. "Foxtail mosaic virus-induced flowering assays in monocot crops." Journal of Experimental Botany 71, no. 10 (February 15, 2020): 3012–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/eraa080.

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Abstract Virus-induced flowering (VIF) exploits RNA or DNA viruses to express flowering time genes to induce flowering in plants. Such plant virus-based tools have recently attracted widespread attention for their fundamental and applied uses in flowering physiology and in accelerating breeding in dicotyledonous crops and woody fruit-trees. We now extend this technology to a monocot grass and a cereal crop. Using a Foxtail mosaic virus (FoMV)-based VIF system, dubbed FoMViF, we showed that expression of florigenic Flowering Locus T (FT) genes can promote early flowering and spikelet development in proso millet, a C4 grass species with potential as a nutritional food and biofuel resource, and in non-vernalized C3 wheat, a major food crop worldwide. Floral and spikelet/grain induction in the two monocot plants was caused by the virally expressed untagged or FLAG-tagged FT orthologs, and the florigenic activity of rice Hd3a was more pronounced than its dicotyledonous counterparts in proso millet. The FoMViF system is easy to use and its efficacy to induce flowering and early spikelet/grain production is high. In addition to proso millet and wheat, we envisage that FoMViF will be also applicable to many economically important monocotyledonous food and biofuel crops.

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Loveys, B. R., P. R. Dry, M. Stoll, and M. G. Mc Carthy. "USING PLANT PHYSIOLOGY TO IMPROVE THE WATER USE EFFICIENCY OF HORTICULTURAL CROPS." Acta Horticulturae, no. 537 (October 2000): 187–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2000.537.19.

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Paranychianakis, N. V., and K. S. Chartzoulakis. "Irrigation of Mediterranean crops with saline water: from physiology to management practices." Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 106, no. 2-3 (April 2005): 171–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2004.10.006.

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Mir, Reyazul Rouf, Mainassara Zaman-Allah, Nese Sreenivasulu, Richard Trethowan, and Rajeev K. Varshney. "Integrated genomics, physiology and breeding approaches for improving drought tolerance in crops." Theoretical and Applied Genetics 125, no. 4 (June 14, 2012): 625–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00122-012-1904-9.

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Manrique, Luis A. "Greenhouse crops: A review." Journal of Plant Nutrition 16, no. 12 (December 1993): 2411–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01904169309364697.

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Baligar, Virupax C., Marshall K. Elson, Zhenli He, Yuncong Li, Arlicelio de Q. Paiva, Alex-Alan F. Almeida, and Dario Ahnert. "Impact of Ambient and Elevated [CO2] in Low Light Levels on Growth, Physiology and Nutrient Uptake of Tropical Perennial Legume Cover Crops." Plants 10, no. 2 (January 20, 2021): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10020193.

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At early stages of establishment of tropical plantation crops, inclusion of legume cover crops could reduce soil degradation due to erosion and nutrient leaching. As understory plants these cover crops receive limited irradiance and can be subjected to elevated CO2 at ground level. A glasshouse experiment was undertaken to assess the effects of ambient (450 µmol mol−1) and elevated (700 µmol mol−1) levels of [CO2] on growth, physiological changes and nutrient uptake of six perennial legume cover crops (Perennial Peanut, Ea-Ea, Mucuna, Pigeon pea, Lab lab, Cowpea) under low levels of photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD; 100, 200, and 400 µmol m−2 s−1). Overall, total and root dry biomass, total root length, specific leaf area, and relative growth rates were significantly influenced by levels of [CO2] and PPFD and cover crop species. With few exceptions, all the cover crops showed significant effects of [CO2], PPFD, and species on net photosynthesis (PN) and its components, such as stomatal conductance (gs) internal CO2 conc. (Ci), and transpiration (E). Increasing [CO2], from 450 to 700 μmol mol−1 and increasing PPFD from 100 to 400 μmol ּm−2 ּs−1 increased PN. Overall, the levels of [CO2], PPFD and species significantly affected total water use efficiency (WUETOTAL), instantaneous water use efficiency (WUEINST) and intrinsic water use efficiency (WUEINTR). With some exceptions, increasing levels of [CO2] and PPFD increased all the WUE parameters. Interspecific differences were observed with respect to macro-micro nutrient uptake and use efficiency. With a few exceptions, increasing levels of [CO2] from 450 to 700 μmol mol−1 and PPFD from 100 to 400 μmol m−2 s−1 increased nutrient use efficiency (NUE) of all nutrients by cover crop species.

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Morison, J. I. L., N. R. Baker, P. M. Mullineaux, and W. J. Davies. "Improving water use in crop production." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 363, no. 1491 (July 25, 2007): 639–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2007.2175.

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Globally, agriculture accounts for 80–90% of all freshwater used by humans, and most of that is in crop production. In many areas, this water use is unsustainable; water supplies are also under pressure from other users and are being affected by climate change. Much effort is being made to reduce water use by crops and produce ‘more crop per drop’. This paper examines water use by crops, taking particularly a physiological viewpoint, examining the underlying relationships between carbon uptake, growth and water loss. Key examples of recent progress in both assessing and improving crop water productivity are described. It is clear that improvements in both agronomic and physiological understanding have led to recent increases in water productivity in some crops. We believe that there is substantial potential for further improvements owing to the progress in understanding the physiological responses of plants to water supply, and there is considerable promise within the latest molecular genetic approaches, if linked to the appropriate environmental physiology. We conclude that the interactions between plant and environment require a team approach looking across the disciplines from genes to plants to crops in their particular environments to deliver improved water productivity and contribute to sustainability.

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Li, Shuangwei, Wopke van der Werf, Junqi Zhu, Yan Guo, Baoguo Li, Yuntao Ma, and Jochem B. Evers. "Estimating the contribution of plant traits to light partitioning in simultaneous maize/soybean intercropping." Journal of Experimental Botany 72, no. 10 (February 20, 2021): 3630–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erab077.

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Abstract Spatial configuration and plant phenotypic plasticity contribute to increased light capture in relay intercropping, but there is little information on whether these factors also increase light capture in simultaneous intercropping. We developed and validated a three-dimensional functional–structural plant model to simulate light capture in maize and soybean sole crops and intercrop scenarios, using species traits observed in sole crops and intercrops. The intercrop maize phenotype had 2% greater light capture than the sole crop phenotype in a pure stand. The soybean intercrop phenotype had 5–10% lower light capture than the sole crop phenotype in a pure stand. The intercrop configuration increased the light capture of maize by 29% and reduced the light capture of soybean by 42%, compared with the light capture expected from sole crops. However, intercrop configuration only marginally affected total light capture by the intercrop system (+1%). Testing of individual soybean plant traits revealed that plasticity in leaf dimensions was the main reason for differences in light capture by soybean in simulated sole crops and intercrops. The results of this study illustrate a major shift of light capture from shorter species (soybean) to the taller component (maize) in a simultaneous strip intercrop. Plastic plant traits modulate this overall effect, but only marginally.

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McKown, Katelyn H., and Dominique C. Bergmann. "Stomatal development in the grasses: lessons from models and crops (and crop models)." New Phytologist 227, no. 6 (February 20, 2020): 1636–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nph.16450.

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Adeli, Ardeshir, John P. Brooks, John J. Read, and Johnie N. Jenkins. "Pelleted biosolids and cover crop effects on major Southern row crops." Journal of Plant Nutrition 44, no. 18 (June 2, 2021): 2677–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2021.1927090.

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Horibe, Takanori, and Kunio Yamada. "Petal Growth Physiology of Cut Rose Flowers: Progress and Future Prospects." Journal of Horticultural Research 25, no. 1 (June 30, 2017): 5–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/johr-2017-0001.

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AbstractRoses are the most important crop in the floriculture industry and attract both pollinators and human admirers. Until now, a lot of research focusing on postharvest physiology including flower senescence has been conducted, leading to improvement in vase life. However, few studies have focused on the physiology of petal growth, the perception of light by petals, and the relationship between petal growth and environmental conditions. Regarding roses, whose ornamental value lies in the process of blooming from buds, it is also important to understand their flowering mechanisms and establish methods to control such mechanisms, as well as focus on slowing the aging process, in order to achieve high quality of postharvest cut roses. Elucidation of the mechanisms of rose flower opening would contribute to enhanced quality and commercial production of floricultural crops as well as greatly advance basic scientific knowledge regarding plant biology. In this review, we describe the progress and future prospects in the study of petal growth physiology of cut roses.

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Jansson, Christer, John Vogel, Samuel Hazen, Thomas Brutnell, and Todd Mockler. "Climate-smart crops with enhanced photosynthesis." Journal of Experimental Botany 69, no. 16 (May 1, 2018): 3801–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/ery213.

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Giménez–Moolhuyzen, Miguel, Jan van der Blom, Pilar Lorenzo–Mínguez, Tomás Cabello, and Eduardo Crisol–Martínez. "Photosynthesis Inhibiting Effects of Pesticides on Sweet Pepper Leaves." Insects 11, no. 2 (January 21, 2020): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11020069.

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Although a large number of pesticides of different compositions are regularly used in agriculture, the impact of pesticides on the physiology of field crops is not well understood. Pesticides can produce negative effects on crop physiology―especially on photosynthesis―leading to a potential decrease in both the growth and the yield of crops. To investigate these potential effects in greenhouse sweet peppers, the effect of 20 insecticides and 2 fungicides (each sprayed with a wetting agent) on the photosynthesis of sweet pepper leaves was analyzed. Among these pesticides, nine caused significant reductions in photosynthetic activity. The effects were observed in distinctive ways—either as a transitory drop of the photosynthetic-rate values, which was observed at two hours after the treatment and was found to have recovered after 24 h, or as a sustained reduction of these values, which remained substantial over a number of days. The results of this study suggest that the production of a crop may substantially benefit when the frequent use of pesticides can be substituted with alternative pest control methods (e.g., biological control). Our results advocate further investigation of the potential impact of pesticides, either alone or in combination, on the photosynthesis of crop plants.

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Clemens, Stephan. "Safer food through plant science: reducing toxic element accumulation in crops." Journal of Experimental Botany 70, no. 20 (August 13, 2019): 5537–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erz366.

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Niewiadomska, Alicja, Leszek Majchrzak, Klaudia Borowiak, Agnieszka Wolna-Maruwka, Zyta Waraczewska, Anna Budka, and Renata Gaj. "The Influence of Tillage and Cover Cropping on Soil Microbial Parameters and Spring Wheat Physiology." Agronomy 10, no. 2 (February 1, 2020): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10020200.

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The soil tillage system and the distribution of stubble catch crops increase the content of organic carbon, thus increasing the biochemical activity of soil. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of leguminous cover crops and different tillage soil systems before spring wheat sowing on the count of soil microorganisms, biochemical activity, microbiological diversity and the physiological state of the plants in correlation with yield. The study compared and analysed the following systems: (1) conventional tillage (CT) to a depth of 22 cm, followed by spring wheat sowing using four simplified cultivation technologies called conservation tillage. The following simplified tillage systems were evaluated: (2) skimming before sowing the cover crop and spring wheat sowing after ploughing tillage (CT), (3) skimming before sowing of the cover crop (sowing wheat with no-till technology (NT)), (4) direct sowing of ground cover plants (NT) and spring wheat sowing after ploughing cultivation (CT) and (5) direct sowing of cover crop (NT) and sowing wheat directly into cover crop (NT). The results showed that applying the cover crop and soil tillage method before sowing wheat improved all tested parameters. The highest values of the analysed parameters were observed in the treatment with soil skimming before sowing of the cover plant, and then with sowing the wheat directly into the mulch. The activity of dehydrogenase was 90% higher, while the activity of phosphatase was 32% higher, in comparison to the control group. Both the activity of catalase and the biological index of fertility were 200% higher, in comparison to the control group. Metagenomic analysis showed that soil bacterial communities collected during treatment ‘zero’ and after different cultivations differed in the structure and percentage of individual taxa at the phylum level.

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Furbank, Robert T., Jose A. Jimenez‐Berni, Barbara George‐Jaeggli, Andries B. Potgieter, and David M. Deery. "Field crop phenomics: enabling breeding for radiation use efficiency and biomass in cereal crops." New Phytologist 223, no. 4 (April 26, 2019): 1714–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nph.15817.

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Newton, Adrian C., Ian K. Toth, Paul Neave, and Lizbeth J. Hyman. "Bacterial inoculum from a previous crop affects fungal disease development on subsequent nonhost crops." New Phytologist 163, no. 1 (July 2004): 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2004.01077.x.

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Mizrahi, Yosef. "Vine-cacti pitayas: the new crops of the world." Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura 36, no. 1 (March 2014): 124–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0100-2945-452/13.

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Until 1994, only scarce research existed on these plants; however the worldwide interest in this novel fruit crop is evident, as numbers of pitaya-related publications have grown rapidly, especially during the past decade .There is a big confusion about both botanical and commercial names and there is a need to clear this point. Herein, we attempt to review existing knowledge on the taxonomy, breeding and other horticultural characteristics of this unique crop. This paper comments abou taxonomy,breeding,physiology and horticultura e chatera ristics,postsharvest and uses.

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Stacey, Gary, and Kate VandenBosch. "“Translational” Legume Biology. Models to Crops." Plant Physiology 137, no. 4 (April 2005): 1173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.104.900141.

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Cabrera, J., F. J. López-Bellido, D. Recio, J. M. Alía, M. Serrano, and C. Verdejo. "Incidence of temperature-related abiotic diseases in Spanish garlic bulbs." Plant Protection Science 38, SI 2 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002 (December 31, 2017): 696–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/10593-pps.

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Several alterations of growth physiology and bulb formation in garlic (Allium sativum L.) crops, such as “rough” and “burst” bulbs, have been related by different authors with low temperatures during bulbs storage and crop development. These physiopathies affect both the yield and the quality of garlic crops. Incidence of such diseases in Spanish garlic (variety “purple of Las Pedroñeras”) were studied during two consecutive years. Experimental design was factorial taking the bulb storage temperature (5°, 10°, 15° and 20°C) as variable factor. Growth indexes during crop development and final quantity of defective bulbs were evaluated. Experimental results show significant differences between treatments, with the higher incidence of both physiopathies in those bulbs stored at 5°C. The 15°C and 20°C storage temperatures clearly reduce the risk of these abiotic diseases and tend to increase the yield and the final quality of the crop.

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Slattery, Rebecca A., and Donald R. Ort. "Carbon assimilation in crops at high temperatures." Plant, Cell & Environment 42, no. 10 (July 29, 2019): 2750–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/pce.13572.

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Lohani, Neeta, Mohan B. Singh, and Prem L. Bhalla. "High temperature susceptibility of sexual reproduction in crop plants." Journal of Experimental Botany 71, no. 2 (September 27, 2019): 555–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erz426.

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Abstract Climate change-induced increases in the frequency of extreme weather events, particularly heatwaves, are a serious threat to crop productivity. The productivity of grain crops is dependent on the success of sexual reproduction, which is very sensitive to heat stress. Male gametophyte development has been identified as the most heat-vulnerable stage. This review outlines the susceptibility of the various stages of sexual reproduction in flowering plants from the time of floral transition to double fertilization. We summarize current knowledge concerning the molecular mechanisms underpinning the heat stress-induced aberrations and abnormalities at flowering, male reproductive development, female reproductive development, and fertilization. We highlight the stage-specific bottlenecks in sexual reproduction, which regulate seed set and final yields under high-temperature conditions, together with the outstanding research questions concerning genotypic and species-specific differences in thermotolerance observed in crops. This knowledge is essential for trait selection and genetic modification strategies for the development of heat-tolerant genotypes and high-temperature-resilient crops.

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Weeden, Norman F. "650 How are Molecular Maps and DNA Libraries Being Used for Genetics and Germplasm Research of Horticultural Crops?" HortScience 34, no. 3 (June 1999): 559F—560. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.34.3.559f.

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Molecular maps and DNA libraries are now possible to construct in nearly every horticultural crop. Comparison of linkage relationships both within and among families of flowering plants is giving us the capability to predict where genes will be even in crops lacking linkage maps. The dissection of quantitative traits into Mendelian components has been successfully performed in many crops, and candidate genes have occasionally been matched with QTLs or morphological mutations on the basis of map position. Breeders are now able to predict what combination of traits will be difficult to achieve as a result of repulsion phase linkage and what traits might be associated with problems due to linkage drag. Maps and libraries also help in identification of homologous genes in different species and gene-rich regions within a chromosome. More generally, DNA libraries are giving us access to every gene in a genome, leading to much more powerful studies concerning the anatomy, ontogeny and physiology of horticultural crops.

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Petit, Johann, Cécile Bres, Jean-Philippe Mauxion, Bénédicte Bakan, and Christophe Rothan. "Breeding for cuticle-associated traits in crop species: traits, targets, and strategies." Journal of Experimental Botany 68, no. 19 (September 27, 2017): 5369–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erx341.

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Abstract Improving crop productivity and quality while promoting sustainable agriculture have become major goals in plant breeding. The cuticle is a natural film covering the aerial organs of plants and consists of lipid polyesters covered and embedded with wax. The cuticle protects plants against water loss and pathogens and affects traits with strong impacts on crop quality such as, for horticultural crops, fruit brightness, cracking, russeting, netting, and shelf life. Here we provide an overview of the most important cuticle-associated traits that can be targeted for crop improvement. To date, most studies on cuticle-associated traits aimed at crop breeding have been done on fleshy fruits. Less information is available for staple crops such as rice, wheat or maize. Here we present new insights into cuticle formation and properties resulting from the study of genetic resources available for the various crop species. Our review also covers the current strategies and tools aimed at exploiting available natural and artificially induced genetic diversity and the technologies used to transfer the beneficial alleles affecting cuticle-associated traits to commercial varieties.

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Heitefuss, R. "Transgenic Plants and Crops." Journal of Phytopathology 151, no. 2 (February 2003): 108–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0434.2002.00691_2.x-i2.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Crops – Physiology'

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