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Journal articles on the topic 'Cross-country skis'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 24 June 2021

Last updated: 29 July 2025

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1

Korvas, Pavel, Tobias Goldschmidt, Oliver Jaros, and Jan Šťastný. "Comparative study of cross-country skiing on grip and skin skis." Journal of Human Sport and Exercise 20, no. 3 (2025): 966–79. https://doi.org/10.55860/b7arph56.

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The technology of cross-country skis for classic running is constantly evolving in the areas of ski construction or materials for ski construction. A study was focused to compare kinematic and kinetic parameters on grip and non-wax skis. Two groups of cross-country skiers participated in the with different skills quality. Kinematic and kinetic parameters of diagonal stride were observed: times of step cycle and phases, average and maximum pressure values of cycle phases. Pressure insole system was used for data collection. The Cohen size coefficient d was used. Differences between group of lar

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2

Komi, Paavo V. "Force Measurements during Cross-Country Skiing." International Journal of Sport Biomechanics 3, no. 4 (1987): 370–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsb.3.4.370.

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To understand cross-country (X-C) siding it is important to record and identity forces of skis and poles separately and together. They both contribute to the forward progression, but their functional significance may be more complex than that of the ground reaction forces in running and walking. This report presents two methods to record forces on skis and poles during normal X-C skiing. A long force-platform system with four rows of 6-m long plates is placed under the snow track for recording of Fz and Fy forces of each ski and pole separately. This system is suitable especially for the study

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Pierce, Javin C., Malcolm H. Pope, Per Renstrom, Robert J. Johnson, Janet Dufek, and Charles Dillman. "Force Measurement in Cross-Country Skiing." International Journal of Sport Biomechanics 3, no. 4 (1987): 382–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsb.3.4.382.

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A method for measuring the forces between the shoe and ski and upon the pole has been developed. Instrumented skis and poles are used with a portable data acquisition system that is carried by the skier in the field. Elite, top-level collegiate, and citizen skiers were used as subjects. Skiers performed the diagonal stride, and a marathon skate. Axial force levels at the forefoot were found to reach 164%, and 120% of body weight in the diagonal skate strides, respectively.

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Schindelwig, Kurt, Martin Mössner, Michael Hasler, and Werner Nachbauer. "Determination of the rolling resistance of roller skis." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology 231, no. 1 (2016): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1754337116628719.

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The rolling resistance of skis used in roller skiing competitions should resemble the gliding resistance of cross-country skis to allow specific training and moving patterns for cross-country skiing and to guarantee equal opportunities for athletes in roller ski races. Therefore, the purpose of this work was to develop a portable rolling resistance meter to precisely measure the rolling resistance of roller skis. Measurements were based on recordings of the angular deceleration of a flywheel due to the rolling resistance between a roller ski’s wheel and the flywheel’s steel surface. Rolling re

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5

Watts, Phillip B., Jon Eric Sulentic, Kip M. Drobish, et al. "Physiological Responses to Specific Maximal Exercise Tests for Cross-Country Skiing." Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology 18, no. 4 (1993): 359–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/h93-030.

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The present study attempted to quantify differences in peak physiological responses to pole-striding (PS), double poling on roller skis (DP), and diagonal striding on roller skis (DS) during maximal exercise. Six expert cross-country ski racers (3 M, 3 F) with a mean age of 20.2 ± 1.3 yrs served as subjects. Testing was conducted on a motorized ski treadmill with a tracked belt surface. Expired air was analyzed continuously via an automated open-circuit system and averaged each 20 s. Heart rate was monitored via telemetry and arterialized blood was collected within 1 min of test termination an

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6

Spring, Erik, Sauli Savolainen, Jari Erkkilä, Tuomo Hämäläinen, and Pekka Pihkala. "Drag Area of a Cross-Country Skier." International Journal of Sport Biomechanics 4, no. 2 (1988): 103–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsb.4.2.103.

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The drag area CDA of three male cross-country skiers as a function of their velocity was determined from their retardation when they were gliding on roller-skis over a horizontal smooth asphalt surface in a subway. The results show that CDA is a slightly decreasing function of the skier’s velocity in the velocity range 5–11 m/s. The drag area of a skier was found to be 0.27 ± 0.03 m2in a semi-squatting posture and 0.65 ± 0.05 m2in an upright posture for an average size skier (weight 80 kg, height 1.75 m). The difference in the drag area between a normal outdoor suit and a tight-fitting ski sui

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7

Хуртик, Дмитро, and Ірина Хмельницька. "Features of techniques of movement on skis and roller skis in elite hard of hearing cross-country skiers." Theory and Methods of Physical Education and Sports, no. 4 (October 30, 2013): 81–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.32652/tmfvs.2013.4.81-85.

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8

Ohtonen, Olli, Stefan Lindinger, and Vesa Linnamo. "Effects of Gliding Properties of Cross-Country Skis on the Force Production during Skating Technique in Elite Cross-Country Skiers." International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching 8, no. 2 (2013): 407–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/1747-9541.8.2.407.

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9

Street, Glenn M., and Robert W. Gregory. "Relationship between Glide Speed and Olympic Cross-Country Ski Performance." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 10, no. 4 (1994): 393–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.10.4.393.

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While the scientific literature has confirmed the importance of high maximal aerobic power to successful cross-country skiing performance, the same cannot be said of skiing technique or gliding characteristics of skis. The purpose of this study was to determine whether glide speed was related to Olympic race performance. Male competitors in the 50-km freestyle event were videotaped during the 1992 Winter Olympic Games. Glide speeds of the entire field were measured through a 20-m flat section at the bottom of a 150-m, 12° downhill. A significant correlation (r = -.73) was found between finish

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10

Auganæs, Sondre Bergtun, Audun Formo Buene, and Alex Klein-Paste. "Laboratory testing of cross-country skis – Investigating tribometer precision on laboratory-grown dendritic snow." Tribology International 168 (April 2022): 107451. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2022.107451.

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11

Gervais, Pierre, and Craig Wronko. "The Marathon Skate in Nordic Skiing Performed on Roller Skates, Roller Skis, and Snow Skis." International Journal of Sport Biomechanics 4, no. 1 (1988): 38–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsb.4.1.38.

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In the past few years there has been a change from emphasizing the classical cross-country ski technique to introducing the skating technique. Use of the skating stride has led to the adoption of roller skates instead of the ratchet-type roller skis for dryland training. Therefore the question arises as to whether the roller skates simulate the movement pattern observed on snow. This study attempted to answer this question and to evaluate the movement similarity between a newly designed skating-specific roller ski and snow skis in performing the skating stride. The marathon skate was chosen fo

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12

Novotný, Jan, Jan Ondráček, and Jan Novotný sr. "Změna teplot sněhu při běhu na lyžích v obraze sekvenční termografie." Studia sportiva 4, no. 2 (2010): 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/sts2010-2-13.

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Twenty years ago it was shown that friction increases the temperature of snow skis. Change of state permits for water skis glide. Th e aim of this pilot study was to determine whether dynamic infrared thermography is able to capture rapid changes in temperature of snow some areas (not just at one point), the ski tracks before and aft er passing. We monitored the snow on the track aft er 60 races two runners in various weights (86 and 73 kg) on two types of skis and lubrication (for classic and skating cross) and three diff erent speeds (3,04±0,180, 3,81±0,273 a 5,30±0,314 m.s-1). Measurements

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13

Smith, Gerald A., Richard C. Nelson, Adam Feldman, and Jeffrey L. Rankinen. "Analysis of V1 Skating Technique of Olympic Cross-Country Skiers." International Journal of Sport Biomechanics 5, no. 2 (1989): 185–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsb.5.2.185.

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The alternate stride or V1 skate technique was the predominant skiing method used in the free technique races of the 1988 Calgary Games. High-speed films were recorded of two free technique races: the Men’s 50 K and the Ladies' 20 K. A moderate and a steep uphill were sites of the filming, and both temporal and kinematic analyses were made. Times for a complete skating cycle tended to decrease on the steep hill (cycle rate increased). Cycle temporal proportions shifted to longer poling and recovery phases while the skating phases shortened on the steeper terrain. Mean cycle velocities (CV), cy

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14

Boldt, Kevin, Anthony Killick, and Walter Herzog. "Quadrupedal Locomotion–Respiration Entrainment and Metabolic Economy in Cross-Country Skiers." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 32, no. 1 (2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.2014-0243.

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A 1:1 locomotion–respiration entrainment is observed in galloping quadrupeds, and is thought to improve running economy. However, this has not been tested directly in animals, as animals cannot voluntarily disrupt this entrainment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate metabolic economy in a human gait involving all four limbs, cross-country skiing, in natural entrainment and forced nonentrainment. Nine elite cross-country skiers roller skied at constant speed using the 2-skate technique. In the first and last conditions, athletes used the natural entrained breathing pattern: inhaling with

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15

Sandbakk, Øyvind, and Hans-Christer Holmberg. "A Reappraisal of Success Factors for Olympic Cross-Country Skiing." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 9, no. 1 (2014): 117–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2013-0373.

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Cross-country (XC) skiing has been an Olympic event since the first Winter Games in Chamonix, France, in 1924. Due to more effective training and tremendous improvements in equipment and track preparation, the speed of Olympic XC-ski races has increased more than that of any other Olympic endurance sport. Moreover, pursuit, mass-start, and sprint races have been introduced. Indeed, 10 of the 12 current Olympic competitions in XC skiing involve mass starts, in which tactics play a major role and the outcome is often decided in the final sprint. Accordingly, reappraisal of the success factors fo

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16

Saparov, B. M., and A. S. Mishin. "Development of endurance in cross-country skiers aged 13-14." Scientific and educational basics in physical culture and sports, no. 2 (November 22, 2021): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.57006/2782-3245-2022-6-2-16-21.

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Relevance. The age period of 13-14 years is characterized by the fact that there are prerequisites for the development of both aerobic and anaerobic energy supply pathways. At the same time, active restructuring of the central nervous system makes it possible to effectively correct the development of coordination abilities. The special endurance of ski racers is determined by the ability to maintain a high rate of movement and the ability to rebuild high-speed movement parameters.Purpose. Increasing the level of special endurance among ski racers aged 13-14.Methodology and organization of the

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17

Mikkola, Jussi, Marko Laaksonen, Hans-Christer Holmberg, Ville Vesterinen, and Ari Nummela. "Determinants of a Simulated Cross-Country Skiing Sprint Competition using V2 Skating Technique on Roller Skis." Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 24, no. 4 (2010): 920–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0b013e3181cbaaaf.

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18

Meyer, Frédéric, Trine M. Seeberg, Jan Kocbach, Jørgen Danielsen, Øyvind Sandbakk, and Andreas Austeng. "Validation of temporal parameters within the skating sub-techniques when roller skiing on a treadmill, using inertial measurement units." PLOS ONE 17, no. 8 (2022): e0270331. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0270331.

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The aim of this study was to develop and validate a method using inertial measurements units (IMUs) to determine inner-cycle parameters (e.g., cycle, poles and skis contact, and swing time) and the main sub-techniques (i.e., G2, G3 and G4) in cross-country roller ski skating on a treadmill. The developed method is based on the detection of poles and skis initial and final contacts with the ground during the cyclic movements. Thirteen well-trained athletes skied at different combinations of speed (6–24 km∙h-1) and incline (2–14%) on a treadmill using the three different sub-techniques. They wer

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19

Pousibet-Garrido, Antonio, Aurora Polo-Rodríguez, Juan Antonio Moreno-Pérez, et al. "Gear Classification in Skating Cross-Country Skiing Using Inertial Sensors and Deep Learning." Sensors 24, no. 19 (2024): 6422. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24196422.

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The aim of this current work is to identify three different gears of cross-country skiing utilizing embedded inertial measurement units and a suitable deep learning model. The cross-country style studied was the skating style during the uphill, which involved three different gears: symmetric gear pushing with poles on both sides (G3) and two asymmetric gears pushing with poles on the right side (G2R) or to the left side (G2L). To monitor the technique, inertial measurement units (IMUs) were affixed to the skis, recording acceleration and Euler angle data during the uphill tests performed by tw

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20

Göpfert, Caroline, Hans-Christer Holmberg, Thomas Stöggl, Erich Müller, and Stefan Josef Lindinger. "Biomechanical characteristics and speed adaptation during kick double poling on roller skis in elite cross-country skiers." Sports Biomechanics 12, no. 2 (2013): 154–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14763141.2012.749939.

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21

Zhao, Shuang, Vesa Linnamo, Keijo Ruotsalainen, et al. "Validation of 2D Force Measurement Roller Ski and Practical Application." Sensors 22, no. 24 (2022): 9856. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22249856.

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Several methods could be used to measure the forces from skis or roller skis in cross-country skiing. Equipment that could measure medio-lateral forces may be of good help for investigating the relevant skating techniques. The aim of this study was to validate a pair of newly designed two-dimensional force measurement roller skis. The vertical and medio-lateral forces which were perpendicular to the body of the roller ski could be measured. Forces were resolved into the global coordinate system and compared with the force components measured by a force plate. A static and dynamic loading situa

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Doležalová, Hana, and Jakub Krátký. "Běžecké lyžování vozíčkářů venku i vevnitř." Studia sportiva 7, no. 3 (2013): 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/sts2013-3-9.

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Wheelchair user and cross country skiing used to be a rare connection in the Czech Republic – especially because of its difficulty incombination with unsatisfactory equipment and the poor track situation. Nowadays the ski tracks are well prepared on many places in our country, also the special equipment – sledge construction with seat matches the standard ski binding and skis. Ski simulator is an inside alternative. The movement is possible due to upper limbs bimanual locomotion and residual muscles of the trunk. It is good to try activating muscles that tend to grow weaker in ordinary life an

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Kalliorinne, Kalle, Joakim Sandberg, Gustav Hindér, Roland Larsson, Hans-Christer Holmberg, and Andreas Almqvist. "Characterisation of the Contact between Cross-Country Skis and Snow: A Macro-Scale Investigation of the Apparent Contact." Lubricants 10, no. 11 (2022): 279. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/lubricants10110279.

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In a cross-country skiing competition, the time difference between the winner and the skier coming in at second place is typically very small. Since the skier spends much of the energy on overcoming resistive forces, a relatively small reduction in these forces can have a significant impact on the results. The resistive forces come partly from the friction, at the tribological interface between the ski and the snow, and as with many tribological processes, the characterisation of its origin plays an important role in determining the frictional properties. Furthermore, in cross-country ski fric

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ATEŞ, BAHAR, and Ebru ÇETİN. "Roller-Ski Aerobic High-Intensity Interval Training Improves the VO2max and Anaerobic Power in Cross-Country Skiers." International Journal of Applied Exercise Physiology 6, no. 2 (2017): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.22631/ijaep.v6i2.158.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the 8-week of roller-ski aerobic high-intensity interval training on aerobic and anaerobic power in cross-country skiers. 10 male [age, 18,28±2,1 years; height, 171,26±4,12 cm; weight, 61,39±6,28 kg] and 8 female [age, 16,05±0.3 years; height, 158,3±6,47 cm; weight, 49,34±0.7 kg] junior cross-country skiers completed the study. All skiers performed 2x2-km all-out uphill intervals with roller-skis, 3 times a week, in addition to their traditional training program. Measurements included VO2max, anaerobic power, and also for 2-km time-trial performance

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Grasaas, Christina Åsan, Gertjan Ettema, Ann Magdalen Hegge, Knut Skovereng, and Øyvind Sandbakk. "Changes in Technique and Efficiency After High-Intensity Exercise in Cross-Country Skiers." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 9, no. 1 (2014): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2013-0344.

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This study investigated changes in technique and efficiency after high-intensity exercise to exhaustion in elite cross-country skiers. Twelve elite male skiers completed 4 min submaximal exercise before and after a high-intensity incremental test to exhaustion with the G3 skating technique on a 5% inclined roller-ski treadmill. Kinematics and kinetics were monitored by instrumented roller skis, work rate was calculated as power against roller friction and gravity, aerobic metabolic cost was determined from gas exchange, and blood lactate values indicated the anaerobic contribution. Gross effic

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Bowen, Robert, Randall Jensen, Jennifer Ryan, and Phillip Watts. "Modeling Oxygen Uptake during V1 Treadmill Roller Skiing." International Journal of Exercise Science 2, no. 1 (2009): 48–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.70252/quhp6648.

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The use of regression equations to predict oxygen uptake in relation to speed, grade, power output, and anthropometric characteristics is common in cardiac rehabilitation and athlete fitness testing. Research has suggested that sport specific testing improves the reliability of the test methodology and is appropriate for the development of effective training programs. This study focused on the development of a cross-country skiing specific predictor of maximal oxygen uptake based on treadmill speed, treadmill grade, gender, and body mass. This project simulated snow skiing on a large research

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Kalliorinne, Kalle, Bo N. J. Persson, Joakim Sandberg, et al. "Characterisation of the Contact between Cross-Country Skis and Snow: A Micro-Scale Study Considering the Ski-Base Texture." Lubricants 11, no. 5 (2023): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/lubricants11050225.

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In winter sports, the equipment often comes into contact with snow or ice, and this contact generates a force that resists motion. In some sports, such as cross-country skiing, this resistive force can significantly affect the outcome of a race, as a small reduction in this force can give an athlete an advantage. Researchers have examined the contact between skis and snow in detail, and to fully understand this friction, the entire ski must be studied at various scales. At the macro scale, the entire geometry of the ski is considered and the apparent contact between the ski and the snow is con

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Talsnes, Rune Kjøsen, Guro Strøm Solli, Jan Kocbach, Per-Øyvind Torvik, and Øyvind Sandbakk. "Laboratory- and field-based performance-predictions in cross-country skiing and roller-skiing." PLOS ONE 16, no. 8 (2021): e0256662. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256662.

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The purpose of the present study was to investigate how various laboratory- and field-based tests predict on-snow cross-country (XC) skiing and roller-skiing performance. Thirty-three national-level male XC skiers (19.0±2.5 years, maximal oxygen uptake [VO2max] 70.8±4.7 mL·min-1·kg-1) performed a 13.6-km roller-ski skating competition tracked by a global positioning system (GPS), which together with individual distance International Ski Federation (FIS) points was used to assess their performance level. On separate days, time in a 6.4-km uphill running time-trial (RUN-TT) and 1.3-km uphill rol

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Fujita, Zenya, Yoshihisa Sakurai, and Yusuke Ishige. "A study of the choice of sub-techniques and skis for classical-style cross-country skiing: Focusing on the double poling and herringbone sub-techniques with skating-style skis." Taiikugaku kenkyu (Japan Journal of Physical Education, Health and Sport Sciences) 61, no. 1 (2016): 271–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5432/jjpehss.15072.

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Garnov, Igor O., Tatyana P. Loginova, Nina G. Varlamova, Natalya N. Potolitsyna, Alexey A. Chernykh, and Evgeniy R. Bojko. "Functional state dynamics in cross-country skiers in the summer and autumn preparatory phase." Pedagogy of Physical Culture and Sports 25, no. 3 (2021): 152–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.15561/26649837.2021.0302.

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Background and Study Aim. To study changes in the functional state of professional Russian cross country skiers in the course of the preparatory phase and their effects on their competition ratings. Materials and methods. In this study we examined 10 cross-country skiers. The functional state was assessed through a maximal load bicycle ergometer test, coordination and special performance tests. Concentrations of lactate and cortisol were checked in the blood plasma of participants. Results. The training effects on general physical preparedness and special physical preparation in Se

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Raschka, Christoph, and Stephanie Ruf. "Body composition and nutrition in skiing." Papers on Anthropology 31, no. 2 (2022): 39–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/poa.2022.31.2.04.

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Special requirements, such as super-maximally filled glycogen stores, short regeneration times, correct meal timing or appropriate weight specifications for ski jumping are particularly useful for endurance athletes such as cross-country skiers. A deficiency could have a fatal effect on performance and possibly a negative influence on health. While cross-country skiing is clearly one of endurance sports, ski jumping and alpine skiing are considered to be fast-strength sports or technical (acrobatic) sports. The proven advantages of carbohydrate loading (supercompensation), a nutrit

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Meyer, Frédéric, Magne Lund-Hansen, Trine M. Seeberg, Jan Kocbach, Øyvind Sandbakk, and Andreas Austeng. "Inner-Cycle Phases Can Be Estimated from a Single Inertial Sensor by Long Short-Term Memory Neural Network in Roller-Ski Skating." Sensors 22, no. 23 (2022): 9267. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22239267.

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Objective: The aim of this study was to provide a new machine learning method to determine temporal events and inner-cycle parameters (e.g., cycle, pole and ski contact and swing time) in cross-country roller-ski skating on the field, using a single inertial measurement unit (IMU). Methods: The developed method is based on long short-term memory neural networks to detect the initial and final contact of the poles and skis with the ground during the cyclic movements. Eleven athletes skied four laps of 2.5 km at a low and high intensity using skis with two different rolling coefficients. They we

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Kalliorinne, Kalle, Gustav Hindér, Joakim Sandberg, Roland Larsson, Hans-Christer Holmberg, and Andreas Almqvist. "Characterisation of the Contact between Cross-Country Skis and Snow: On the Multi-Scale Interaction between Ski Geometry and Ski-Base Texture." Lubricants 11, no. 10 (2023): 427. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/lubricants11100427.

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In elite endurance sports, marginal differences in finishing times drive ongoing equipment improvement to enhance athlete performance. In cross-country skiing, researchers, since the 1930s, have faced the challenge of minimising the resistance caused by friction in the contact between skis and snow. This study was designed to evaluate the multi-scale interaction between the macro-scale ski-camber profile and the micro-scale ski-base texture. Considerations included real contact area, average interfacial separation, and total reciprocal interfacial separation between the ski and snow, which are

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Grzebisz-Zatońska, Natalia, Tomasz Grzywacz, and Zbigniew Waśkiewicz. "The Influence of Endurance Training on the Lipid Profile, Body Mass Composition and Cardiovascular Efficiency in Middle-Aged Cross-Country Skiers." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 20 (2021): 10928. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182010928.

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Monitoring the training of amateur long-distance cross-country skiers (XCS) can help athletes’ achieve a higher exercise capacity and protect their health. The aim of this study was to assess body composition changes and lipid profiles in middle-aged amateur long-distance XCS after four months of training, including specialized roller ski training. The results of the time-to-exhaustion (TTE) test and blood tests and changes in body composition were analyzed with basic descriptive statistics: the paired Wilcoxon test was used to compare the results (initial and final). Spearman’s rank correlati

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Shil’ko, Serge, Yury Kuzminsky, Konstantin Bondarenko, and Natalya Bogdanova. "Ergonomic assessment of sport skies based on analysis of athlet’s hemodynamics at loading test using tonometry and electrocardiography." Russian Journal of Biomechanics 24, no. 4 (2020): 439–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.15593/rjbiomech/2020.4.09.

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Occlusive tonometry and resting electrocardiography are widely used in medicine to diagnose and monitor the state of the cardiovascular system. In recent years, software and hardware implementations of these methods for fitness and sports training have been developed thanks to the advent of portable and mobile gadgets. The paper presents the results of an analysis of the athlete’s hemodynamics in real time according to the data of tonometry and electrocardiography performed synchronously during the three-stage load-speed testing “rest – load – recovery”. It is shown that application these diag

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ADERIKHA, V. N., and S. S. PESETSKII. "THE SLIDING BASE OF CROSS-COUNTRY PLASTIC SKIS: THE SPECIFICS OF FRICTION CONDITIONS, THE CURRENT STATE AND PROSPECTS OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT (REVIEW)." Polymer materials and technologies 5, no. 3 (2019): 6–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.32864/polymmattech-2019-5-3-6-23.

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Bützer, Peter, Dominik Brühwiler, Marcel Roland Bützer, et al. "Indigo—A New Tribological Substance Class for Non-Toxic and Ecological Gliding Surfaces on Ice, Snow, and Water." Materials 15, no. 3 (2022): 883. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15030883.

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The biogenic substance E-indigo can form supramolecular, hydrophobic structures using self-organization. These structures show a low coefficient of friction as a gliding layer against polar surfaces. The formation of primary particles with platelet morphology based on hydrogen-bonded E-indigo molecules is ideal to produce the gliding layer. Structures with excellent gliding properties can be achieved by means of directed friction and high pressure, as well as through tempering. The resulting hard, thin gliding layer of E-indigo does not easily absorb dirt and, thus, prevents a rapid increase i

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Ainegren, Mats, Kurt Jensen, and Hans Rosdahl. "Breathing resistance in metabolic systems: Its effects on pulmonary ventilation and oxygen uptake in elite athletes with high aerobic power." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology 234, no. 3 (2020): 217–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1754337120919609.

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The aim of this study was to investigate the effects on pulmonary ventilation and oxygen uptake ( [Formula: see text]O2) in athletes with a very high maximal oxygen uptake ( [Formula: see text]O2 max) and corresponding high ventilation capacity when using a modern metabolic system with relatively high resistance to breathing (HIGHRES), compared to a traditional system with low resistance to breathing (LOWRES). Four rowers and three cross-country skiers (without asthma), competing at a high international level, performed in experimental conditions with LOWRES and HIGHRES using a rowing ergomete

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Chrástková, Martina, Radka Bačáková, Daniel Špulák, Roman Čmejla, and Bronislav Kračmar. "The Comparative Analysis of Free Technique Cross Country and Skating on Roller Skies." Studia sportiva 7, no. 2 (2013): 95–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/sts2013-2-11.

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Zhileykin, M. M. "Improving the Energy Efficiency of Movement and Cross-Country Capacity of an Articulated Mobile Wheeled Robot by Controlling an Individual Electric Traction Drive." Proceedings of Higher Educational Institutions. Маchine Building, no. 5 (734) (May 2021): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/0536-1044-2021-5-17-23.

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Articulated wheel-walking robots having a good combination of weight and load capacity, as well as high cross-country capacity and maneuverability are among the promising schemes of mobile robotic systems. One of the main requirements for such complexes is a high level of autonomy. In this regard, the task of improving the energy efficiency of the articulated mobile wheeled robot movement (especially in long-term transport mode) by reducing the driving wheel skid becomes urgent. An algorithm for the operation of the antiskid system of such a robot with an individual traction electric drive has

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Jeffery, Steven. "596 The Introduction of Fish Skin Xenograft to a Burns Unit in a Country at War." Journal of Burn Care & Research 46, Supplement_1 (2025): S175. https://doi.org/10.1093/jbcr/iraf019.225.

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Abstract Introduction Because of war there are very large numbers of big full thickness burns arriving at the country’s biggest burn centre. Burn Surgeons in this country do not have access to allograft, and have little access to pig xenograft. Fish skin xenograft is freeze-dried and does not require refrigeration. Methods After appropriate training, Fish skin xenograft was introduced to the burn service. Results The availability of fish xenograft allowed for larger burn excisions than prior to the intervention and allowed earlier autologous skin grafting. Conclusions In the absence of allogra

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Manohare, Manish, Francesco Aletta, Tin Oberman, Rajasekar Elangovan, Manoranjan Parida, and Jian Kang. "Cross-country variation in psychophysiological responses to traffic noise exposure: Laboratory experiments in India and the UK." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 156, no. 5 (2024): 3067–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0034242.

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Traffic noise exposure has detrimental effects on human health, including both auditory and nonauditory impacts. As one such nonauditory factor, individuals and communities in different countries may exhibit different patterns of noise sensitivity and corresponding tolerance levels, leading to a change in overall noise perception. This paper investigated the cross-country differences in psychophysiological responses to traffic noise exposure between Indian and British individuals. A psychophysiological signal-based [heart rate variability (HRV) and skin conductance response (SCR)] listening ex

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Wiggen, Øystein N., Cecilie T. Heidelberg, Silje H. Waagaard, Hilde Færevik, and Øyvind Sandbakk. "The Effects of Cold Environments on Double-Poling Performance and Economy in Male Cross-Country Skiers Wearing a Standard Racing Suit." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 11, no. 6 (2016): 776–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2015-0232.

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Purpose:To investigate differences in double-poling (DP) endurance performance, economy, and peak oxygen uptake (V̇O2peak) at low (–15°C) and moderate (6°C) ambient temperatures (TA) in cross-country skiers wearing standard racing suits.Methods:Thirteen well-trained male cross-country skiers performed a standardized warm-up followed by a 5-min submaximal test (Sub1), a 20-min self-paced performance test, a 2nd 5-min submaximal test (Sub2), and an incremental test to exhaustion while DP on an ergometer at either low or moderate TA, randomized on 2 different days. Skin and rectal temperatures, a

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Nichols, Thomas, Jimena Goldstine, and Gary Inglese. "A multinational evaluation assessing the relationship between peristomal skin health and health utility." British Journal of Nursing 28, no. 5 (2019): S14—S19. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2019.28.5.s14.

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Background: irritation to peristomal skin remains one of the most prevalent ostomy-related complications influencing an individual's health status and quality of life. Aims: to assess the impact of damaged peristomal skin on the health utility and quality-adjusted life days (QALD) in an international adult ostomy population. Methods: a cross-sectional survey incorporating the SF-6D preference-based health utility index was developed to assess a random selection of post-surgical patients. Findings: health utility decreased with increasing skin irritation among the three geographic groups. The t

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Nanzadsuren, Tuya, Tuul Myatav, Amgalanbaatar Dorjkhuu, et al. "Skin aging risk factors: A nationwide population study in Mongolia risk factors of skin aging." PLOS ONE 17, no. 1 (2022): e0249506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249506.

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The world population is aging and no country is immune to the consequences. We are not aware of any country-specific skin aging risk factors data for the Mongolian people. Thus, we aimed to study the risk factors associated with skin aging in the Mongolian population. A population-based cross-sectional study of 2720 study participants 18 years of age and older was performed evaluating the severity of skin aging based on cutaneous microtopography. Questionnaire data and skin physiological measurements were obtained. The odds ratios for skin aging grades associated with risk factors were estimat

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Virupakshappa, T., K. Sindhuri, and Anant A. Takalkar. "Mucocutaneous manifestations in newborn: a study from tertiary care centre, Karnataka." International Journal of Research in Dermatology 5, no. 2 (2019): 346. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2455-4529.intjresdermatol20190482.

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<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The spectrum of dermatological manifestations in neonates varies from era to era and country to country. Skin lesions in neonatal period vary from transient self-limiting conditions to serious dermatoses, requiring specific therapies. Skin lesions are extremely common in newborns and can be a significant source of parental concern. The objective of the study was to study various mucocutaneous lesions in newborn babies.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> The present descriptive cross section

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Hussain, Syed Hasan Mahmud, AKM Farhad Hossain, Imru Al Quais Chowdhury, and Md Arifuzzaman. "Pattern of Skin Diseases among Patients Attending Military Hospital, Ramu." Journal of Armed Forces Medical College, Bangladesh 18, no. 1 (2022): 51–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jafmc.v18i1.61259.

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Introduction: The pattern and distribution of skin diseases varies from one country to another and even in different areas within the same country. Skin diseases can be influenced by so many factors like genetics, environment, race, religion, occupation, nutrition and habit. Skin diseases affect all ages from neonate to elderly. Objectives: To evaluate the pattern of skin diseases in patients attending outpatient department (OPD) at military hospital, Ramu. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted in CMH, Ramu from July to December 2019 among 1700 patients.

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Falcon, Kirsten, Martha Fors, Santiago Palacios Alvarez, Karla Veintimilla, Nélida Lasso, and Carlos Navas. "Assessment of Predictors of Sun Sensitivity as Defined by Fitzpatrick Skin Phototype in an Ecuadorian Population and Its Correlation with Skin Damage." Dermatology 235, no. 5 (2019): 400–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000500635.

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Background: The Fitzpatrick skin phototype scale (FSPTS) is a widely used instrument to assess skin type. Methods: A cross-sectional survey collected responses from 254 subjects from Quito regarding self-reported FSPTS, gender, age, education, and tobacco and alcohol consumption. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine if ethnicity, hair color, and eye color significantly predict FSPTS. In addition, we studied the correlation between FSPTS and the SCINEXA scale with Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Results: Ethnicity, eye color, and hair color are

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Poudyal, A. K., U. Paudel, R. Khadka, et al. "Dermatoses in Himalayas: Pattern of Skin Diseases in Himalayan Region of Nepal." Nepal Journal of Dermatology, Venereology & Leprology 14, no. 1 (2016): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njdvl.v14i1.15834.

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Background: Skin diseases are the major cause of out-patient visit in Nepal. Department of Health Services, Nepal ranks skin diseases as fourth common cause of out-patient visit throughout the country. The objective of the study was to determine the pattern of different skin diseases in Himalayan region of Nepal.Material and methods: A cross sectional descriptive study design was conducted in a health camp setting in which 148 community people visited the camp with dermatological diseases. Information about socio-demographic and dermatological diseases were collected with a structured performa

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Ravi, Nimonkar, Thombre Rahul, Sharma Vishal, Singh PMP, Shetty Rajesh, and Singh Sumeet. "Knowledge and Practices on Sunscreen Usage and Skin Cancer among General Population: A Multi-Centric Cross- Sectional Study." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 16, no. 4 (2024): 988–98. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11180397.

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<strong>Introduction: </strong>Sunlight, a source of vitamin D, entails both beneficial and harmful effects on the skin, with Ultraviolet (UV) radiation causing acute and chronic dermatological issues. Given the limited literature on UV radiation’s role in dermatological disorders in our country, this study aimed to assess the general population’s awareness of sun exposure risks and skin cancer, along with studying their sun-protective practices. <strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>A robust multicentric population-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Indi

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