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Journal articles on the topic 'Cross-cultural studies – Methodology'
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1
Segal, Edwin S. "Variations in cross‐cultural methodology." Reviews in Anthropology 18, no. 1-4 (March 1991): 193–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00988157.1991.9977951.
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Riahi, Rabeb, Foued Hamouda, and Jamel Eddine Henchiri. "Measuring cultural dimensions for cross-cultural management: Corporate governance outlook." Corporate Ownership and Control 17, no. 2 (2020): 157–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv17i2art13.
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The unobservable nature of the national culture is one of the main limits of research studying the impact of values systems’ in management sciences. This is why we aim in this study to identify a measure to three cultural dimensions namely, individualism (IND), masculinity (MASC) and long-term orientation (LTO). Our methodology is based on structural equation modeling (SEM) under LISREL approach, where latent variables are economic and demographic characteristics. Findings for the cross-national study over a period of 7 years including Tunisia, France, and Canada show that ecological indicators are able to determine studied cultural dimensions. However, due to the dynamic character of culture, some studied indicators are no longer the same as identified in prior studies.
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Ali, Maged, and Laurence Brooks. "A situated cultural approach for cross‐cultural studies in IS." Journal of Enterprise Information Management 22, no. 5 (September 25, 2009): 548–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17410390910993536.
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PurposeThis paper aims to provide a comprehensive framework of a situated culture approach to studying culture within the IS discipline.Design/methodology/approachThis is achieved via an articulation of structuration theory and the provision of an approach to study cross‐cultural phenomena within the IS discipline. The paper proposes two main components of a structuration theory based analysis model which is proposed as a way to study culture within IS discipline. First, the paper presents ideas behind the practice lens for studying the use of technology, as proposed by Orlikowski. Second, the paper presents a structurational analysis approach as detailed by Walsham. The paper argues that using a practice lens contributes to identifying the mediated shared structures between actors through understanding the actions of the actors within the phenomena. Then, using a structurational analysis approach contributes to identifying the cultural dimensions that are embedded in the identified mediated shared structures.FindingsThis paper contributes to cultural studies within the IS discipline and provides a framework for researchers aiming to investigate cultural influences for different phenomena within IS.Originality/valueCultural anthropology seeks to understand the similarities and differences among groups of people in the contemporary world. Although there are many different models of national culture, most IS research has tended to rely almost solely on Hofstede's cultural model. However, Hofstede's cultural model been criticised, and using structurational analysis will provide researchers within cultural studies in the IS discipline with a more broad perspective for the phenomena.
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Jemielniak, Dariusz. "Cross-cultural management and digital societies." Journal of Organizational Change Management 29, no. 1 (February 8, 2016): 108–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jocm-11-2015-0220.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to see how digital societies’ studies can be inspired by cross-cultural management. Design/methodology/approach – Theory critical analysis and review. Findings – The paper reveals many similarities and analogies, allowing for useful connections between cross-cultural management research, and studying digital societies. Originality/value – By exposing methodological and theoretical links of cross-cultural management field in general, and Magala’s contribution in particular, the following paper helps in better understanding of contemporary research on digital societies, as well as allows for the use of already proven methodologies and approaches in the emerging field of the internet studies.
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Naumova, Olena, Svitlana Bilan, and Mariia Naumova. "Luxury consumers’ behavior: a cross-cultural aspect." Innovative Marketing 15, no. 4 (November 12, 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/im.15(4).2019.01.
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A comprehensive study of the consumers’ needs and demands, the patterns of their social and cultural behavior are essential to the success of the modern luxury companies in their market activity. The purpose of research is to study the possible differences and similarities in the perception of luxury and motivation to purchase these goods by consumers in different parts of the world and selection of acceptable marketing tools. The study is built on the results of analysis of cultural values in some countries using the country comparison tool developed by Hofstede and the results of analysis of scientific articles on the behavior of luxury goods consumers in different countries. The methodology approach – Hofstede’s model of national culture and scientific studies belonging to cultural impacts on luxury consumers’ behavior – is applied to explore cross-cultural differences in luxury consumption behavior. The findings of the study are as follows: consumers from countries with high power distance, collectivism, and masculinity, long-term orientation, and low indulgence primarily perceive social values in consuming luxury goods and are sensitive to conspicuous luxury-status. In cultures with high individualism, masculinity, indulgence, and low power distance, consumers display to perceive individual and functional values and are sensitive to “emotional hedonistic luxury.” The consumption of luxury goods in the Asian region is characterized by significant focusing on social values and status consumption, more than in the rest of the world. The motives of achievements in the form of self-realization and self-actualization are among the main reasons for the luxury consumption of European Union consumers.
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Shadiev, Rustam, Xueying Wang, Ting-Ting Wu, and Yueh-Min Huang. "Review of Research on Technology-Supported Cross-Cultural Learning." Sustainability 13, no. 3 (January 29, 2021): 1402. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13031402.
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Not many review studies have explored the theoretical foundation of cross-cultural learning or the curricula in the research they were reviewing. Furthermore, some review studies only superficially discussed the methodology and findings of the reviewed articles. To address these issues, we reviewed twenty-three studies on technology-supported cross-cultural learning published between 2014 and 2020. We aimed to summarize and analyze previous research in the following areas: (1) theoretical foundation, (2) curricula, (3) technologies, and (4) methodology and findings. Our results showed that the reviewed studies built their research framework based on diverse theoretical foundations; however, the most frequently used models were Byram’s model and the cultural convergence theory. Curricula had the following main focuses: (a) cross-cultural learning, (b) linguistic skills, and (c) pre-service teacher training. The most frequently used technologies were Skype, e-mail, and blogs. We found that most reviewed studies involved the collection of both qualitative and quantitative data. Finally, most of the reviewed studies reported on the role of technologies in facilitating cross-cultural learning, FL/SL learning, and pre-service teacher training. Based on our findings, several implications along with suggestions were prepared. Our findings demonstrated that results from most studies were positive regarding technological support of cross-cultural learning. Therefore, it is suggested that educators and researchers take these results into consideration when designing future studies on cross-cultural learning. Because many scholars did not report some important information, such as what theoretical foundation they built studies on or participants’ demographics, we suggest that such information needs to be included in their research articles as it can be helpful in informing future studies. We also suggest that participants in future studies use variety of technological tools for supporting communication and content creation during cross-cultural learning.
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Palmié, Stephan. "Ecué's Atlantic: An Essay in Methodology." Journal of Religion in Africa 37, no. 2 (2007): 275–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006607x184825.
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AbstractArguing from an exposition of the principal epistemological and methodological problems that have plagued African-Americanist research since its inception as a properly disciplined anthropological pursuit, this essay focuses on an ostensibly 'clear' case of 'transatlantic continuities' to question linear construction of historical relations between 'African' and 'African-American' cultural forms. Detailing the social history of an African male initiatory sodality and its supposed Cuban equivalent within their wider political economic contexts, I argue that the apparent dispersion of Cross-River-type secret societies ought not to be seen as a pattern of diffusion from a (temporally prior) point of inception to (temporally later) sites of recreation, but as a total pattern of simultaneous 'Atlantic' eventuation and cultural production.
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Buxton, Lisa Maree. "Professional development for teachers meeting cross-cultural challenges." Journal for Multicultural Education 35, no. 2 (December 9, 2019): 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jme-06-2019-0050.
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Purpose When providing professional development for teachers, certain factors should be considered and included to ensure it is effective and enhances teacher practice and outcomes for children in their classes. While this is achieved in many curriculum areas, there has been little written about effective professional development for teachers in relation to Aboriginal education in Australia, enhancing teacher confidence in meeting the needs of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children. This paper aims to describe a study concerned with the ongoing development of a professional learning framework empowering primary school teachers to infuse Aboriginal ways of seeing and being into their classroom practice. Design/methodology/approach Design-based methodology, using semi-structured interviews with teachers, allowed for iterative amendment and improvement of the professional learning experiences. A description is provided linking the elements of successful professional development for teachers to the implementation of this study’s professional learning. Findings Key findings are that if the elements noted in the literature pertaining to successful professional learning for teachers are included, change in practice does take place and is sustained, to the benefit of the children they teach. This study demonstrates the vital importance of ongoing collaboration and support for teachers undertaking professional development if they are going to change practice in the longer term. Originality/value The pedagogy described in this paper goes beyond content to an Aboriginal way of teaching children through modelling and how this can be infused into teaching practice.
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Силантьева and Margarita Silanteva. "Reconstruction of communicative stereotype in indirect dialogue of cultures: methodology of studies." Modern Communication Studies 2, no. 2 (April 15, 2013): 4–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/363.
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The article addresses the main principles and methods of linguistic and cultural approach to reconstructing communicative stereotypes. The author shows the role of philosophical comparative studies in building a conceptual model of communicative stereotype, which makes it possible to define the content of cultural analysis in cross-cultural communication. The article proves the necessity to test their relevance in reference to historical facts in international relations. Studying the concept of ‘a border of constructive dialogues’, the author develops the idea further, introducing the term ‘a zone of transfer to irreversible destructiveness’.
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Murillo, Rocio. "Interview with Dr Rosalie Tung: a cross-cultural studies researcher and published author." Journal of Technology Management in China 9, no. 1 (April 1, 2014): 91–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jtmc-11-2013-0039.
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Purpose – This interview was conducted with Dr Rosalie Tung. Dr Tung gives her insight about her career. Design/methodology/approach – Interview was conducted via Skype. There was a somewhat systematical approach to the Q&A interview. Findings – Dr Tung briefly goes through her academic career regarding cross-cultural studies and how her life experiences shaped her passion for the subject. Originality/value – This was a one-on-one interview via Skype.
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Tayeb, Monir. "Organizations and National Culture: Methodology Considered." Organization Studies 15, no. 3 (May 1994): 429–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/017084069401500306.
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This paper highlights some of the major problems and obstacles which are faced by researchers in the field of cross-cultural study of organizations and manage ment. Specifically, the difficulties in the areas of conceptualization, operationaliz ation, data collection and interpretation. and the focus of study are discussed. Some of the studies which have attempted to tackle or overcome the difficulties associated with these areas are reviewed.
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Rošker, Jana S. "Modernization of Chinese Philosophical Methodology." Asian Studies 9, no. 2 (May 7, 2021): 121–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/as.2021.9.2.121-141.
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The present paper aims to shed light on certain methodological challenges that Chinese intellectuals faced in the process of coming to terms with Marxist thought. Even at the beginning of these processes, i.e., in the first decades of the 20th century, Chinese theorists faced several difficulties regarding the issue of cross-cultural philosophical syntheses. Thus, in their endeavours to adapt Marxism to the specifically Chinese worldview, they sought suitable adaptations of traditional philosophical methodologies that would enable them to fruitfully integrate classical Chinese and modern Marxist discourses. Zhang Dainian 張岱年 (1909–2004) has played a particularly prominent role in this process. Therefore, this paper aims to shed light on his contribution to the establishment of new Chinese and cross-cultural philosophical methodologies. In terms of exploring general philosophical issues, Zhang established a unique philosophical system known as “neo-materialism” in which he attempted to integrate Marxist materialism with some basic approaches of traditional Chinese philosophy. The crucial features that defined this philosophical system were based on his innovative methodology, which is critically presented in this paper.
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Mach, Merce, and Yehuda Baruch. "Team performance in cross cultural project teams." Cross Cultural Management 22, no. 3 (August 3, 2015): 464–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ccm-10-2014-0114.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to test the conditional effect of team composition on team performance; specifically, how collective team orientation, group consensus, faultline configurations and trust among team members explain the objective performance of project teams in cross-cultural contexts. Design/methodology/approach – Employing path analytical framework and bootstrap methods, the authors analyze data from a sample of 73 cross cultural project teams. Relying on ordinary least-squares regression, the authors estimate the direct and indirect effects of the moderated mediation model. Findings – The findings demonstrate that the indirect effect of collective team orientation on performance through team trust is moderated by team member consensus, diversity heterogeneity and faultlines’ strength. By contrast, high dispersion among members, heterogeneous team configurations and strong team faultlines lead to low levels of trust and team performance. Research limitations/implications – The specific context of the study (cross-cultural students’ work projects) may influence external validity and limit the generalization of the findings as well as the different compositions of countries-of-origin. Practical implications – From a practical standpoint, these results may help practitioners understand how the emergence of trust contributes to performance. It will also help them comprehend the importance of managing teams while bearing in mind the cross-cultural contexts in which they operate. Social implications – In order to foster team consensus and overcome the effects of group members’ cross-cultural dissimilarities as well as team faultlines, organizations should invest in improving members’ dedication, cooperation and trust before looking to achieve significant results, specially in heterogeneous teams and cross-cultural contexts. Originality/value – The study advances organizational group research by showing the combined effect of team configurations and collective team orientation to overall team performance and by exploring significant constructs such as team consensus, team trust and diversity faultline strength to examine their possible moderated mediation role in the process.
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Rose, Tara. "Music Therapy Clinical Trials in Cross-Cultural Settings." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 930. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.3411.
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Abstract Music therapy in clinical trials has shown efficacy as a nonpharmacological intervention for multiple medical conditions and procedures. Every culture has music and virtually everyone on this globe enjoys music suggesting the universality of music therapy. However, in the US, most music therapy clinical trials participants are English-speaking Caucasians. That narrow pool limits our understanding of the benefits of music in an ethnically and culturally heterogeneous nation. This study looks to the international clinical trials for lessons and information that can advance U.S. studies by expanding the methodology and clinical reach to benefit a more extensive population of patients. A review of 449 studies in 48 countries from clinical trials registries supports an effort to expand music therapy studies and interventions by incorporating a cross-cultural perspective. Researchers and clinicians using international resources can increase their understanding and capacity. Globally, many standardized measures have been translated, including self-report measures of behavioral and mental health, pain, sleep, medical conditions, and symptom severity used for outcome measures, as well as music therapy measures and intervention checklists. Scientifically accepted physiological outcome measures have shown the benefits of music interventions for older adults regardless of cultural or ethnic differences. For example, neuroimaging research supports the clinically derived notion that music can address needs of people with dementia. The future will require new standards for multi-cultural research. To expand studies and methodologies, we need to include more diverse populations. This paper proposes that to do that, we must look to the global scientific community.
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Dana, Leo Paul. "ON THE INTERNALIZATION OF A DISCIPLINE: RESEARCH AND METHODOLOGY IN CROSS-CULTURAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND SMALL-BUSINESS STUDIES." Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship 11, no. 2 (January 1994): 61–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08276331.1994.10600457.
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Durvasula, Srinivas, and Steven Lysonski. "Descriptive analytics: its power to test the applicability of cross-national scales in exploratory studies." Innovative Marketing 12, no. 3 (December 28, 2016): 34–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/im.12(3).2016.03.
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Conventional methodology for validating measures in consumer research relies on structural equation modeling. But, this procedure requires a fairly large sample size and a clear conceptualization of the relationship between individual items and various scale dimensions. Neither of these requirements may be met in exploratory cross-national studies. Hence, this paper addresses scale validation issues in exploratory cross-national research, where sample size is a major concern. Specifically, it uses cross-national data on the vanity measure as an exemplar and a battery of descriptive analytics to show how to assess scaling assumptions, reliability, and dimensionality of consumer behavior measures. The scale validation procedure the authors describe in this paper has implications for researchers who use multi-item rating scales as measures of consumer behavior constructs. Keywords: cross-cultural, scale validation, exploratory research, cross-national, scale applicability JEL Classification: L1, L13, D11, D12, M31
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Cameron, Kim. "Cross-cultural research and positive organizational scholarship." Cross Cultural & Strategic Management 24, no. 1 (February 6, 2017): 13–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ccsm-02-2016-0021.
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Purpose In view of the emphasis in cross-cultural research on negative factors such as cultural misfit, cultural distance, and the liability of foreignness, the purpose of this paper is to offer one explanation for why this is the case and highlight the advantages of giving at least equal emphasis to research on positive factors. Three propositions are offered to guide future cross-cultural research. Design/methodology/approach Summaries of empirical studies on the inherent inclinations of human systems toward the negative, as well as inclinations toward the positive, produce explanations for each of these biases and their implications for cross-cultural scholarship. Findings By prioritizing positive factors instead of negative factors, individuals and organizations perform at much higher levels than when the reverse is the case. Virtuous practices, in particular, are associated with positively deviant performance. Inasmuch as virtuousness is universally valued, its emphasis can address some of the liabilities of difference inherent in cross-cultural contexts. Originality/value The three propositions offered in the paper explain why negative biases exist, how positive biases provide an advantage to individuals and organizations, and highlight future directions for cross-cultural research. Social scientists have been challenged to help enable 51 percent of the world’s population to flourish by mid-century, and prioritizing positive cross-cultural phenomena is one prescription for achieving that objective.
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Berry, John W. "Global psychology: implications for cross-cultural research and management." Cross Cultural Management 22, no. 3 (August 3, 2015): 342–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ccm-03-2015-0031.
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Purpose – Psychology, both as science and practice, has been largely developed in one cultural area of the world: Europe and North America. As a result, the discipline is culture-bound, limited in its origins, concepts, and empirical findings to only this small portion of the world. The discipline is also culture-blind, largely ignoring the influence of the role of culture in shaping the development and display of human behaviour. These limitations have resulted in the dominant position of a Western Academic Scientific Psychology (WASP) in relation to other cultural perspectives on human behaviour. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – This paper draws on concepts and strategies in psychology (particularly cross-cultural and intercultural psychology) to propose some remedies to problems arising from the dominant WASP position. For example, of what relevance is such a limited perspective to understanding human activity in other cultures; and how can such a limited understanding serve the purpose of effective intercultural interactions? Findings – The eventual goal is to achieve a global psychology that incorporates concepts and findings from societies and cultures from all parts of the world, one that will permit a valid understanding of people within their cultures, and permit effective intercultural across cultures. Originality/value – The paper presents some criticisms of the dominant western psychology (WASP), and proposes that the achievement of a more global psychology may be within reach if some concepts and methods now available in psychology from both the dominant western sources and from those working in the rest of the world are used.
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Osei Akoto, Edward. "Cross-cultural factorial validity of the academic motivation scale." Cross Cultural Management 21, no. 1 (January 28, 2014): 104–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ccm-11-2011-0100.
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Purpose – The purpose of this study was to examine the factorial validity of the academic motivation scale (AMS), including mean structures and reliabilities across two culturally diverse samples. Thus, the study assesses the fit of the seven-factor conceptualization of AMS to a non-Western context. Design/methodology/approach – Survey questionnaire was used to elicit responses from undergraduate business students from universities in the USA (267) and Ghana (262). The data were analyzed using the multi-group CFA technique in LISREL 8.7, to assess measurement equivalency and the fit of the AMS to the non-Western context. Findings – After baseline models were established, a hierarchy of successively restrictive models were specified and estimated. Support was found for factorial, metric, and scalar invariance across the two samples, but different levels of psychometric soundness exist. Research limitations/implications – In spite of the low reliabilities in the non-Western context, the AMS has the potential to measure the same traits in the same way across diverse groups. Practical implications – Researchers, educators, and policy makers interested in this field of study may be confident in employing the AMS to investigate students' motives, including cross-cultural motivational studies. Organizations may also use the AMS as a pre-employment tool to understand college graduates motivational profile for better person-organization match. Originality/value – The AMS has been developed and validated in the Western context, but its validity in non-Western contexts remains unexplored. This study provides a cross-cultural comparative test of the seven-factor conceptualization.
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Broesch, Tanya, Alyssa N. Crittenden, Bret A. Beheim, Aaron D. Blackwell, John A. Bunce, Heidi Colleran, Kristin Hagel, et al. "Navigating cross-cultural research: methodological and ethical considerations." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287, no. 1935 (September 23, 2020): 20201245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.1245.
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The intensifying pace of research based on cross-cultural studies in the social sciences necessitates a discussion of the unique challenges of multi-sited research. Given an increasing demand for social scientists to expand their data collection beyond WEIRD (Western, educated, industrialized, rich and democratic) populations, there is an urgent need for transdisciplinary conversations on the logistical, scientific and ethical considerations inherent to this type of scholarship. As a group of social scientists engaged in cross-cultural research in psychology and anthropology, we hope to guide prospective cross-cultural researchers through some of the complex scientific and ethical challenges involved in such work: (a) study site selection, (b) community involvement and (c) culturally appropriate research methods. We aim to shed light on some of the difficult ethical quandaries of this type of research. Our recommendation emphasizes a community-centred approach, in which the desires of the community regarding research approach and methodology, community involvement, results communication and distribution, and data sharing are held in the highest regard by the researchers. We argue that such considerations are central to scientific rigour and the foundation of the study of human behaviour.
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M. Gjøtterud, Sigrid, and Athman K. Ahmad. "Transformative Power of Cross-Cultural PhD Supervision." International Journal of Doctoral Studies 13 (2018): 441–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/4140.
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Aim/Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to explore the rich potential for transformative learning, for both supervisees and supervisors, that is embedded in cross-cultural supervision. Background: Our example is an analysis of experiences from a five-year long cross-cultural supervisory relationship between a Tanzanian PhD student and a Norwegian supervisor. Methodology: In the research, we followed an action research approach, informed by the following question: “How can we account for and improve our supervising–supervised practice?” We analyzed our supervision experiences with the aim to explore the transformative power of cross-cultural supervision. Contribution: Studies on supervision collaboration between Scandinavia and Southern Africa are scarce; hence, our study adds insight into the value of collaboration across continents and economic divides. Furthermore, we argue for greater research into the impact of cross-cultural supervision on supervisors as well as supervisees. Findings: We have identified seven factors as central to mutual transformative learning in cross-cultural supervision: shared unhomeliness, shared uncertainty and trust building, otherness, shared second language, cultural differences relating to hierarchy, being in context together, and finally, flourishing. For the mutual transformative processes to unfold, building trust in openness to differences seems to be a crucial foundation. Hence, we believe that the qualities in the cross-cultural supervision relationship that we highlight can serve as a reminder to become aware of differences as a valuable source for mutual learning and expanded horizons. Recommendations for Practitioners: Our recommendation to practitioners is that they are receptive to and welcoming of differences, find common ground, and explore the value of learning from and with each other in supervisory relationships. Recommendation for Researchers: Equally, we recommend that researchers inquire into how differences in gender, race, religion, and professional fields in supervisory and collaborative relationships can hold potential for valuable knowledge creation. Impact on Society: Academic’s awareness of the value of otherness as addressed in this paper might foster new ideas for dealing with challenges in our turbulent time through transculturation. Future Research: More studies are needed on the potential for growth and the impact of mutual knowledge creation arising from cross-cultural doctoral supervision.
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Horak, Sven. "From Cross-Cultural Economic Experiments to Experimental Indigenous Management Research – A Suggestion." Management and Organization Review 14, no. 4 (December 2018): 651–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mor.2018.39.
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ABSTRACTThis study provides an overview, categorization, and integration of what has been achieved in the niche of cross-culture experimental economics (CCEE) so far, aiming to inspire indigenous management researchers to extend their methodological toolbox by including experimental methods. As a result of the review, I find that most of the early studies lack depth and contextualization as well as detailed explanation aboutwhyhuman behavior differs. Hence, a better understanding about the influence of culture on economic decision-making is rather limited if it cannot be explained in more detail. In contrast, deep contextualization is a principle in indigenous management research (IMR). Both have so far not benefited from each other in the study of how culture affects human behavior, as both currently develop in parallel. Following the call for high-quality IMR (Tsui, 2004), this paper argues that an experimental methodology can make a contribution to IMR in the future by drawing on the strengths of both IMR (i.e., contextualization) and CCEE (i.e., methodology).
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John, Helen C. "Conversations in Context: Cross-Cultural (Grassroots) Biblical Interpretation Groups Challenging Western-centric (Professional) Biblical Interpretation." Biblical Interpretation 27, no. 1 (March 11, 2019): 36–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685152-00271p03.
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Abstract This article considers how biblical scholarship might break out of its western-dominated, largely historical-critical mould. I argue that we might challenge the hegemony of ‘western worldview’ scholarship by capitalising on the interpretative insights of alternative worldviews; in that regard, I advance a cross-cultural methodology. Additionally, I advocate engaging with grassroots interpreters, thereby contributing to the decentring of scholarly biblical criticism. Finally, this article focuses on the value of interpretation through dialogue, which functions here on two levels: the researcher dialoguing with grassroots interpretation groups in cross-cultural settings, and the resulting grassroots interpretations dialoguing with western professional biblical interpretations. The potential of this approach is demonstrated using a case study: Mark 4:35-41 interpreted with Cross-Cultural Biblical Interpretation Groups in northern Namibia. The interpretative insights of grassroots groups in non-western contexts, free(r) from the influence of western worldviews and scholarship, function to highlight the equally contextual nature of mainstream professional biblical interpretation.
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Shu, Shih-Tung, and Stephen Strombeck. "Cometh self-image congruence: a cross-cultural study." Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics 29, no. 3 (June 12, 2017): 538–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/apjml-05-2016-0086.
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Purpose Prior research has clearly shown that ethnocentric consumers favor local brands. However, consumers also strongly favor local and global brands which reinforce their desired self-images. The purpose of this paper is to examine how self-image congruence (SIC) mediates the effect of consumer ethnocentrism (CE) on local brand preference (LBP). Design/methodology/approach This study empirically tested the proposed mediation model across three countries (Taiwan, South Korea and Japan) using ten brands from two very different product categories (beer and personal computers). Research subjects were randomly selected and placed into one of four groups for each of these countries. Subjects in these groups were asked to compare well-known domestic and global brands which were either culturally similar or culturally dissimilar. Findings CE significantly impacted LBP among Taiwan, South Korea and Japan college-aged consumers but this impact was limited. SIC, however, had a powerful influence on LBP for these consumers. The cultural similarity and relative necessity of brand choices had almost no effect on the results. Research limitations/implications Researchers and practitioners need to more fully understand the contingencies Asian consumers use in selecting local brands. Under some scenarios, CE may not be a reliable predictor of local brands preference. Originality/value This is one of the first studies to demonstrate the influential role of SIC among consumers from collectivistic cultures.
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Muñoz-Leiva, Francisco, Xavier Mayo-Muñoz, and Andrea De la Hoz-Correa. "Adoption of homesharing platforms: a cross-cultural study." Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights 1, no. 3 (August 13, 2018): 220–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhti-01-2018-0007.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze the factors that affect consumer adoption of new ways of sharing accommodation services. Moreover, the authors study the influence of culture, more specifically the uncertainty avoidance (UA) dimension, on relationships between variables in a proposed adoption model.Design/methodology/approachThe structural equation analysis method is used to verify the proposed model. The data were collected from a panel of Spanish and Vietnamese internet users. The survey yielded a total of 418 responses for the data analysis.FindingsThe findings indicate that subjective norms and ease of use exert an effect on perceived usefulness and that intention to use affects actual use in all the groups analyzed. Furthermore, UA has a moderating effect on the adoption of homesharing platforms (HSPs).Research limitations/implicationsA larger sample and a random sampling would facilitate a more accurate generalization of the results obtained for each country. The practical implications identified in this research, along with its limitations and future research opportunities, are interesting both for scholars, service providers and designers of HSPs.Originality/valueThis study bridges a gap in the current research by increasing understanding of the role of the cultural dimensions in a technological innovation adoption model for an HSP. It also takes into account the effect of perceived risk, a dimension that has not been included in previous studies.
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Gallo, Jan. "Межкультурно-коммуникативное обучение иностранным языкам." Studia Rossica Posnaniensia, no. 42 (June 19, 2018): 295–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/strp.2017.42.26.
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This paper discusses the issue of cross-cultural foreign language teaching accentuating Russian Foreign Language Teaching at colleges in Slovakia. In the introduction some ideas on the position and meaning of cross-cultural communication are presented. In the second part there are explanations of the term cross-cultural communication by some linguists and methodists, as well as its implementation on several levels. In the third part attention is focused on the relations between cross-cultural communication and foreign language teaching. The issue of cross-cultural (policultural) didactics is also explained. In the fourth part the problem of cross-cultural teaching methodology is discussed. In the fifth part the focus is on presenting a summary of cross-cultural communication teaching practice in the Department of Russian Studies at Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra. The paper concludes with a summary of the problems investigated.
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Carlson, Marvin. "Theatre History, Methodology and Distinctive Features." Theatre Research International 20, no. 2 (1995): 90–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307883300008300.
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We are living at a time when we are particularly conscious of historical change and of the impermeability of institutions, political, social, intellectual, and educational. The old disciplinary structures that organized our Western educational system for so long seem to have accelerated from the slow and comfortable evolution which gave rise to, for example, the various social sciences and, indeed, our own discipline of theatre studies into a dizzying whirl of new inter and cross relationships that the stunning proliferation of centres, institutes, and special programmes reflects but by no means adequately represents. The world of intellectual discourse, within which theatre studies, historical studies, and for that matter the cognate fields toward which and from which analytical ideas of theatre and performance circulate, has become in the last quarter of a century extremely complex, and seems to offer an almost infinite variety of methodologies vying for critical attention. There are a number of concerns and assumptions that run consistently through a great deal of this varied discourse, however, and one of the most important of these has obviously also contributed significantly our sense of a conceptual world in flux. This is the wide circulation in modernist thought of historical and cultural relativism, the rejection of traditional essentialist beliefs in favour of an attitude that regards most human institutions as culturally generated and thus always changing or changeable through the continuing negotiations of cultural activity.
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Krautz, Carolin, and Stefan Hoffmann. "Cross-cultural application of a practice-oriented acquiescence measure." International Marketing Review 36, no. 3 (May 13, 2019): 391–415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imr-03-2018-0091.
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Purpose Extant research shows that acquiescence response style (ARS) is culture-bound and may bias the results of comparative cross-cultural studies. Conventional measures of ARS are difficult to apply in practice. To overcome this limitation, the purpose of this paper is to propose an alternative, practice-oriented measure, namely, pARS. The authors apply Hofstede’s cultural dimensions (Hofstede et al., 2010) to test whether pARS is culture-bound. The cross-cultural study provides a high level of cross-cultural generalisability due to the extensive number of surveyed countries (n=30) and subjects (n=236.089). The authors run multi-level analysis to identify within- and between-country-level predictors. Design/methodology/approach On the individual level, the authors use data of a large-scale cross-cultural study, including 236.089 consumers from 30 countries worldwide. The authors apply several methods to test for the culture-boundness of pARS. First, they apply correlation analysis to replicate existing cross-cultural results and to ensure nomological validity. Second, applying ordinary least square regression, the authors simultaneously test the six Hofstede cultural dimensions (Hofstede et al., 2010) and investigate interactions between the dimensions. Finally, they use multi-level analysis to confirm the stability of culture-bound results, controlling for individual- and country-level variability. Findings The paper introduces an alternative measure for acquiescence (pARS), which is particularly suitable for shorter questionnaires. A large-scale consumer study with 236.089 respondents in 30 countries supports the culture-bound validity of pARS. The authors confirm construct validity and the nomological network of pARS. Contrasting existing studies, multi-level analysis demonstrates that a high level of power distance majorly leads to ARS. Therefore, cross-cultural researchers need to control for ARS in countries high in power distance, especially when paired with high uncertainty avoidance. Originality/value A large-scale consumer study with 236.089 respondents from 30 countries shows that respondents from various countries differ significantly in their level of acquiescence. The study confirms that power distance is the most relevant cultural dimension to explain these differences. Although ARS may bias the results of comparative cross-cultural studies, it is rarely controlled by market research studies outside the academic realm. The present work proposes and establishes the validity of a practice-oriented measure of acquiescence, namely, pARS. pARS is particularly suitable for shorter questionnaires. In contrast to prior approaches, applying pARS does not require adding non-substantive items to the questionnaire.
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Voldnes, Gøril, and Kjell Grønhaug. "Cultural adaptation in cross-national buyer-seller relationships." International Journal of Emerging Markets 10, no. 4 (September 21, 2015): 837–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijoem-11-2012-0152.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate how buyers and sellers in cross-cultural business relationships manage cultural differences to ensure functional, successful business relationships. Failure to consider specific cultural issues may lead to the failure of business ventures crossing national borders. To succeed in today’s global business market, it is critically important to understand and manage cultural differences. Adapting to each other’s cultures is one way of managing cultural differences between business actors. Design/methodology/approach – A qualitative, explorative approach examining both sides of the exchange dyad was adopted to obtain insight into adaptation as perceived by both buyer and seller. Findings – The results of this study indicate that mainly Norwegian sellers adapt to the Russian culture and way of conducting business. This is explained by power asymmetry between partners, as well as cultural barriers and lack of cultural sensitivity from the Norwegian partners. Still, the business relationships function well. Practical implications – Knowledge of and applying strategies for managing cultural differences should be helpful for business managers engaged or planning to engage in business ventures with Russia and Norway – especially those doing so for the first time. Originality/value – The study provides new and important information about West-East business relationships and how to manage cultural differences in cross-cultural business relationships. The study shows that business relationships can function well in spite of the absence of some factors previously found to have detrimental effects on these relationships. In addition, the study investigates both sides of the buyer-seller dyad, which is a limitation in previous studies of adaptation.
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Gulistan Yunlu, Dilek, and Rachel Clapp-Smith. "Metacognition, cultural psychological capital and motivational cultural intelligence." Cross Cultural Management 21, no. 4 (September 30, 2014): 386–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ccm-07-2012-0055.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to discuss the concept of cultural psychological capital, its impact on motivational cultural intelligence (CQ), the influence of motivational cultural intelligence on metacognitive awareness, and the moderating role of perspective taking on the relationship between motivational cultural intelligence and metacognition. Design/methodology/approach – Collected data from international management program alumni to test the hypotheses. Findings – The results show that cultural psychological capital has a positive relationship with motivational cultural intelligence, which in turn relates to metacognitive awareness, and perspective taking does not moderate the relationship between motivational cultural intelligence and metacognition. Research limitations/implications – The data were collected from a single source. The study supports broaden-and-build theory (Fredrickson, 2001) by demonstrating that cultural psychological capital has an important association with motivational cultural intelligence. Practical implications – Cultural psychological capital can be improved. Therefore, organizations that desire to increase the motivation of employees may consider improving the cultural psychological capital of employees. Learning is an important outcome of motivational cultural intelligence, and it is an asset for today's organizations. Originality/value – The study takes a positive perspective for cross-cultural experiences and identifies cultural psychological capital as an important resource for expatriates. Metacognitive awareness, as an outcome, provides support that cross-cultural experience results in higher learning for individuals who are motivated.
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Calabrese, Armando, Guendalina Capece, Francesca Di Pillo, and Federico Martino. "Cultural adaptation of web design services as critical success factor for business excellence." Cross Cultural Management 21, no. 2 (April 29, 2014): 172–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ccm-09-2012-0070.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine whether cultural backgrounds of nations are expressed through the web design of their companies. Actually, it investigates whether, in countries characterized by the same cultural matrix and language but by different national backgrounds, the cultural specificities of a country are a critical success factor for web design and enablers of business excellence. Design/methodology/approach – Starting from a deep literature review, four research hypotheses on the relationship between cultural background and web design are formulated. By employing both the content analysis and the cross-tabulation methodology, these hypotheses are tested. Findings – Brazilian, Portuguese, Angolan and Macanese web sites show that companies operating in these countries are aware that cultural background is a necessary success factor to consider for improving cross-cultural management of computer-mediated communication. Indeed, the findings confirm that the internet is not a culturally neutral communication medium. By providing evidences of web site cultural adaptation, this study supports the use of a targeted approach to web site design and provides managerial guidelines for improving business excellence of companies’ online environment. Originality/value – The paper offers insights into the topic of a culturally adapted computer-mediated communication for improving consumer experience.
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Zhang, Huimin, Mu Tian, and Tsang Kai Hung. "Cultural distance and cross-border diffusion of innovation: a literature review." Academia Revista Latinoamericana de Administración 33, no. 2 (September 24, 2020): 241–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/arla-10-2018-0239.
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PurposeThe objective of this study is to advance the understanding of the connection between cultural distance and the cross-border diffusion of innovations by conducting a systematic review and analysis of previous literature.Design/methodology/approachThis study involved a literature review. A total of 35 articles published in ABS journals were identified from key management, international business and marketing journals. The articles were analyzed by the methodologies and findings presented.FindingsThe literature review shows that the adoption and diffusion of innovation and new products are bound to be deeply influenced by cultural distance. Specifically, national cultures influence the willingness of consumers to buy new products at both the individual and organizational levels; organizational culture plays a key role in the process of launching new products and diffusing innovations to the market. However, existing studies and their findings are fragmented and inconsistent. Controversial views remain regarding the impact of national cultural dimensions on the diffusion of innovation at the individual and organizational levels.Originality/valueThis is the first systematic review of the literature specifically focusing on the impact of cultural distance on the cross-border diffusion of innovation. In identifying the research gaps and limitations of extant studies, the authors point to avenues for future research to develop a more integrated research agenda for marketing, management and international business research.
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Fed, Tatiana. "Staging Gogol’s play Marriage in Bulgaria." Yearbook of the Department of Foreign Languages and Cultures 2 (June 16, 2020): 146–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.33919/flcy.19.2.9.
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The article traces a range of performances staging Gogol’s play Marriage in Bulgaria with a special emphasis on the respective translations into Bulgarian. The theory features translation and adaptation mechanisms specifically applied to cultural realia. The staging in the Sofia Theatre is highlighted. The methodology applied belongs to the framework of cross-cultural communication studies and employs cultural-historic and reception approaches.
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Tiong, Kui Ming, and Ming Yu Cheng. "Cross-cultural Adaptation Index of Chinese Expatriates in Malaysia: Extended Location-Specific Advantages." GATR Global Journal of Business and Social Science Review (GJBSSR) Vol.5(3) Jul-Sep 2017 5, no. 3 (July 3, 2017): 09–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.35609/gjbssr.2017.5.3(3).
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Objective - In the fast changing globalizing and liberalizing world, the concern is not only on the location-specific advantages of a host country but also on how multinational enterprises manage to survive ex-post entry in a different environment. The cultural distance between the home and host countries thus plays an important role in this context. Empirical studies have shown that cultural distance and cross-cultural adaptation are interrelated, and there is a moderating role played by cultural distance on the cross-cultural adaptation. The cross-cultural adaptation is thus an important dimension to be considered in order to extend the L-advantages. Many studies have been conducted to build a cultural distance scale. Yet only a few studies have been conducted to construct a cross-cultural adaptation scale. This study thus aims to build a cross-cultural adaptation index. Methodology/Technique - The index is built based on the data collected from Chinese expatriates through in-depth interviews and questionnaire surveys. Findings - Two simple cross-cultural adaptation scales were built. These are the Simple Sociocultural Adaptation Scale (SSAS) and Psychological Adaptation Scale (SPAS) with seven pillars. An average index score was computed for each pillar. Living (78.79), interaction (69.19), regulative (64.02), work (85.61), psychological well-being (68.33), satisfaction (63.64), and intention to stay (62.12). The sociocultural adaptation index scored 76.57, while the psychological adaptation index scored 65.91. Novelty - This study provides insights for better understanding of Malaysian cultural environment to investors, expatriates, and policymakers as well as to extend and enrich the OLI paradigm. Type of Paper: Empirical Keywords: Extended location-specific advantages; Cross-cultural adaptation index; Sociocultural adaptation; Psychological adaption; OLI paradigm. JEL Classification: F21, G14, Z13.
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Maltseva, Kateryna. "Cognitive Organization of Cultural Values: Cross-Cultural Analysis of Data from Sweden and the usa." Journal of Cognition and Culture 14, no. 3-4 (July 24, 2014): 235–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685373-12342123.
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A considerable body of data has been amassed to explain values structure and transmission. Values dimensions have been extracted and compared across societies in a number of values studies, many of which use quantitative methodology. However, there is little quantitative evidence of significant cross-cultural variation in values. This counterintuitive outcome has given rise to a doubt if an effective quantified comparison of values across societies is possible. The major reason for this objection to use quantitative techniques in cross-cultural values research is the loss of culture-specific meaning in quantitative procedures. Using ratings data from two American and Swedish samples the present research demonstrates that it is possible to compare values data and detect meaningful cross-cultural differences in values across societies, provided that several conceptual alterations in the instrument are made. Namely, it is proposed that collective- and individual level constructs should be separated when the informants are asked about their values. The traditional approach to values as implicitly individual construct is critiqued. The paper proposes to distinguish formulations of individual-level values items (that are more closely associated with personal projects and conative aspects) from formulations of cultural-identity relevant collective-level values items (which are acquired in more uniform processes of social learning and institutionalization). When elicitation of values considers this distinction during data collection, the depression of cross-cultural differences in values disappears.
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Okpara, John O., and Jean D. Kabongo. "The effect of cross-cultural training on expatriates’ adjustment." Journal of Management Development 36, no. 9 (October 9, 2017): 1114–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmd-09-2016-0166.
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Purpose One of the most important issues multinational corporations (MNCs) face in their global operations is expatriate failure. It is estimated that between 10 and 80 percent of expatriates sent on overseas assignments return home early. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of cross-cultural training (CCT) on different facets of expatriate managers’ adjustment in Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach A sample of 212 western expatriate managers working in Nigeria was surveyed. Respondents were selected from four cities where they had been working for at least one year. Findings The main finding of this study was that expatriates’ adjustment could be predicted from different types of CCT. The findings of this research confirm the view expressed by researchers over the last two decades that both conventional and specific experimental CCT have positive effect on the facets of cross-cultural adjustment. Research limitations/implications Given that the authors did not collect their data over time, the cross-sectional nature of the design limits them from making definitive causal statements. In the future, more resources and efforts could be applied to safeguard larger samples of respondents, thus potentially resulting in better statistical power. A longitudinal approach could be used; such an approach may have generated a richer data source, where different patterns of adjustment could have been identified and compared over time. Data for the study were collected through questionnaire, thus any observed relations might be due in part to common method effects. Since the data were collected from four cities, there may be some concern as to the generalizability of the findings to expatriates working in other cities in Nigeria. Practical implications MNCs should pay more attention to CCT and management development. Ineffective CCT and management development have an adverse impact on MNCs’ effectiveness. Developing CCT programs could add value to corporations and employees especially employees who are destined for foreign assignments. In addition, developing CCT for expatriates’ spouses and children would facilitate adjustment process and may reduce failure rate. Originality/value Once corroborated by further studies, this exploratory research may contribute to the understanding of the adjustment of western expatriates in Nigeria. Few, if any, prior studies, have examined CCT and expatriate adjustment in Nigeria.
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Blodgett, Jeffrey G., Aysen Bakir, Anna S. Mattila, Andrea Trujillo, Claudia Quintanilla, and A. Banu Elmadağ. "Cross-national differences in complaint behavior: cultural or situational?" Journal of Services Marketing 32, no. 7 (October 8, 2018): 913–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsm-12-2017-0413.
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Purpose Previous research indicates that dissatisfied consumers in other countries react differently as compared to those in the USA, due to their cultural orientation. These studies, however, have not recognized that retail policies (regarding returns and exchanges) in the USA are much more liberal and “consumer friendly” than in other parts of the world, and thus it is possible that their conclusions are flawed. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to determine the extent to which cross-national differences in complaint behavior are due to cultural vs situational factors. Design/methodology/approach To examine this issue, a two-part study was conducted. Study 1 compared consumers living in China, India and Mexico to cohorts who immigrated to the USA. Study 2 compared individuals from those same countries to subjects who are native to the USA. Findings The findings indicate that situational factors (i.e. consumer-oriented vs restrictive refund/return/exchange policies) have a large impact on consumer complaint behavior (i.e. redress, negative-word-of-mouth and exit), and that the effects of culture are minor. Research limitations/implications To infer cause-effect, and establish scientific theory, one must rule out alternative hypotheses. Researchers who are investigating cross-cultural complaint behavior must take situational factors into account. Practical implications With the emergence of “global consumers” consumer expectations around the world are changing. Astute retailers should institute and promote more liberal return policies, thereby mitigating consumers’ perceived risk. Originality/value This study dispels the notion that culture is responsible for differences in cross-national consumer complaint behavior.
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Vijayakumar, Pooja B., and Christopher J. L. Cunningham. "Cross-cultural adjustment and expatriation motives among Indian expatriates." Journal of Global Mobility: The Home of Expatriate Management Research 4, no. 3 (September 12, 2016): 326–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jgm-05-2016-0019.
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Purpose Globalization has led to individuals working and living outside their native country. The purpose of this paper is to examine relationship between motives for expatriation and cross-cultural adjustment in Indian expatriates working in the US information technology (IT) industry. Additionally, the moderating effects of self-initiated expatriates (SIE) and organizational expatriates (OE) on the relationship between motives for expatriation and cross-cultural adjustment were studied. Also, existing measures in this area of research were analyzed to improve validity and utility for future studies. Participants responded to questions via an internet survey. Design/methodology/approach Data were gathered from 336 Indian IT professionals working in America. The authors evaluated the psychometric quality of reasons for expatriation and cross-cultural adjustment measures by considering various fit statistics, modification indices and rational judgment based on item content. The authors used a maximum likelihood extraction method with an oblique rotation (Geomin) for these factor analyses, given the theoretically and empirically supported relationship between the subdimensions of both measures. Using these purified measures, a hierarchical regression analyses procedure was used to test the hypothesized relationships. A computational tool called PROCESS was used to test the hypothesized moderating effect of expatriate type on the relationship between motives for expatriation and cross-cultural adjustment. Findings Preliminary factor analytic work suggested modifications to the reasons for expatriation measure used to quantify participants’ motives for expatriation. Using this revised measure, those with stronger financial (mercenary) motives for expatriation also reported less positive cultural adjustment, while those with stronger exploratory motives for expatriation reported more positive cultural adjustment. Some evidence was also observed for a weak, but notable moderating effect of expatriate type (SIE vs OE) on the relationship between expatriation motives and cultural adjustment. Originality/value This study presents a revised measure of expatriation motives, as well as expanded theoretical and empirical evidence base to help future researchers working with expatriates. The findings may be also helpful to organizations and consultants who work to prepare expatriates for their assignments, especially when these expatriates are Indian professionals preparing to work in the USA.
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Shiller, Alexandra. "The role of the emotions of guilt and shame in methodology of research on social emotions." Философская мысль, no. 4 (April 2021): 11–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8728.2021.4.33716.
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This article is dedicated to examination of the role of guilt and shame, namely to prevalence one of these emotions in a particular culture as the leading mechanism of social control. The prevalence of guilt or shame as a cultural “dimension” has become one of the first criteria for the division of cultures into Western and Eastern, and was used by the researchers as a basic postulate for cross-cultural r. Over time, the perception of emotions as the criterion for the division of cultures has been revised. The article traces the history of research on emotions in general, namely the emotions of guilt and shame as social emotions, as well as describes guilt and shame as collective and individual experiences. Analysis is conducted on the role of guilt and shame in methodology of research on social emotions, cross-cultural studies. The author outlines certain methodological problems and contradictions, and assesses the current state of scientific research dedicated to social emotions. The conclusion is made that the research on collective sense of guilt and shame is more advanced from the perspective of cross-cultural psychology and philosophy, as well as the overall methodology of science; it allows shifting from the study of the role of individual emotions in interpersonal (conditioned by collective ties), intergroup and intragroup communication towards the integrated study of emotions associated with interaction of the individual and society, i.e. social experiences.
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Panibratov, Andrei. "Cultural and organizational integration in cross-border M&A deals." Journal of Organizational Change Management 30, no. 7 (November 13, 2017): 1109–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jocm-01-2016-0011.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify key factors that influence the integration process in cross-border mergers and acquisitions (M&A) deals of emerging multinational enterprises (EMNEs). The research questions are: how national and organizational culture coupled with other organizational characteristics influence M&A deals of EMNEs? Which factors influence the process of cultural and organizational integration in cross-border M&A deals, initiated by EMNEs? What is the effect and consequences that different integration factors have on cross-border M&A deals by EMNEs? Design/methodology/approach The paper is based on a multiple case study research, considering cross-border deals of Chinese and Russian firms separately. Each block consists of two cases, describing M&A integration of companies operating in two sectors: high technology and finance. The authors obtained the data for case studies from companies’ official websites, annual reports, press releases, other official documents where companies were mentioned, business-media sources (newspapers and magazines), published interviews, documented speeches, letters, laws, as well as through blogs and social networks. The authors have also used the published information from articles, books, databases, and previously conducted case studies. Findings The authors have identified the factors influencing deals’ results of Chinese and Russian MNEs, with explanation based on case studies’ analysis. The full list of factors is presented in Table IV in the manuscript. The authors have also identified the set of elements that were derived from the case studies’ analysis only, without having any strong support in the literature, such as changes at a senior management level, educational and business exchanges, CSR policy, and the government involvement. Originality/value The authors have identified the key factors that influence integration of emerging market firms in cross-border M&A deal. The list of factors was adjusted and actualized in accordance with the results of four cases of cross-border M&A deals of Chinese or Russian companies. As a result, the authors founded the combination of characteristics of cultural and organizational integration process of firms from China and Russia.
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Goulding, Dorothy, Brian Steels, and Craig McGarty. "A cross-cultural research experience: developing an appropriate methodology that respectfully incorporates both Indigenous and non-Indigenous knowledge systems." Ethnic and Racial Studies 39, no. 5 (September 23, 2015): 783–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2015.1081960.
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Azudin, Norizzati, and Yusram Yusup. "CROSS-CULTURAL COMMUNICATION COMPETENCY AMONG MANAGERS: A STUDY ON ORGANIZATIONS IN MALAYSIA." International Journal of Management, Innovation & Entrepreneurial Research 5, no. 1 (January 27, 2019): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/ijmier.2019.512.
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Purpose: This study aims to highlight the necessary competencies among the middle level managers, especially the cross-cultural communication competency. This study was designed to investigate the cross-cultural communication competencies in organizations through the focus group conducted among the senior management levels.
Methodology: This study applied the beauty of qualitative research by conducting a focus group of ten participants, where all of them were from various industries in Malaysia. They are well mixed of women and men Senior Managers level and above, where the minimum level of them was the Director, General Manager, and Vice President of private enterprises. Data from the focus group discussion was analyzed and presented in the findings in this article.
Results: The findings of this paper proven the need of cross-cultural communication competency currently in Malaysia through the ten (10) participants involved in the focus group research and ten (10) cases were presented in this article. Different participant provided different findings however, the data summarization was presented in the table in results. Majority concluded that employees nowadays are conscious competence and agreed that cross-cultural communication is the most crucial competency needed by all organization today.
Implications: This should provide several ideas to the senior management levels in incorporating this aspect into their management training programmes or other activities in all organizations. Further studies could be expanded through the methodology used.
Novelty of Study: As past research concentrated more on the leadership and other management competencies, this study was looking at the specific issue of cross-cultural communication competencies among these employees in organizations. With the peculiar scenario in Malaysia, this paper contributed to the management field as a reference for the higher and middle level managers.
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Jiang, Zhou, Paul J. Gollan, and Gordon Brooks. "Moderation of Doing and Mastery orientations in relationships among justice, commitment, and trust." Cross Cultural Management 22, no. 1 (February 2, 2015): 42–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ccm-02-2014-0021.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine whether and how two individual value orientations – Doing (the tendency to commit to goals and hold a strong work ethic) and Mastery (an orientation toward seeking control over outside forces) – moderate: the relationship between organizational justice and affective organizational commitment, and the mediation role of organizational trust in this relationship. Design/methodology/approach – The authors collected data from 706 employees working in 65 universities across China, South Korea, and Australia. Multi-group confirmatory factor analyses were employed to examine the cross-cultural equivalence of the measures. Hierarchical regressions were performed to test moderating effects of the two cultural value orientations. Findings – Results from the full sample showed that Doing and Mastery moderated the distributive justice-commitment relationship and the procedural justice-trust relationship. Comparisons between countries demonstrated limited cross-cultural differences. Practical implications – The present study adds to the understanding of the impact of individual and cultural differences on the relationship between justice and commitment, helping managers understand how employees’ reactions to justice are influenced by cultural value orientations. Originality/value – This study is a pioneer in empirically integrating the value orientation framework (e.g. Doing and Mastery orientations) and justice research in a cross-cultural context based in the Asia Pacific region. It also advances cross-cultural justice research through using a mediation-moderation combination.
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Bussolari, Cori, Janice Habarth, Satoko Kimpara, Rachel Katz, France Carlos, Amy Chow, Hisao Osada, et al. "Posttraumatic Growth Following the Loss of a Pet: A Cross-Cultural Comparison." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 78, no. 4 (February 10, 2017): 348–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0030222817690403.
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The current study examined Posttraumatic Growth (PTG) experienced by bereaved pet owners in the United States, French-Canada, Japan, and Hong Kong following the death of their pet. Using qualitative methodology, we analyzed responses of participants who answered “yes” to a question about experiencing PTG and explored to what extent the cross-cultural responses mapped onto the five factors of the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI). For the U.S. sample, 58% of responses mapped onto the PTGI. For French-Canada, 72% of responses mapped onto the PTGI. For Japan, 50% of responses mapped onto the PTGI and for Hong Kong, 39% of responses mapped onto the PTGI. We also explored emergent categories related to PTG for individuals who have lost a pet and discerned the unique aspects for PTG across cultures.
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Markova, V. A. "Book communications: Methodology of interdisciplinary research." Scientific and Technical Libraries, no. 3 (May 11, 2021): 95–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.33186/1027-3689-2021-3-95-112.
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The author argues that true understanding of book communications may be obtained through the application of research tools of various disciplines in the humanities. The evolution stages of scholarly views on the book phenomenon of social communications are reviewed. On each stage, researchers always turned to the other sciences’ methodologies. The author introduces her original interpretation of interdisciplinary studies of book communications. She emphasizes, however, that the central place in such studies belongs to the socio-communicative approach, where subject is examined within the context of communication. This non-linear and multilevel model covers both synchronous and diachronous cross-sections of communication, including the feedback. For the accurate representation at the diachronic level, both the historical-genetic and the cultural approaches have to be applied. The literary theory and in particular the concepts of receptive aesthetics, poststructuralism and hermeneutics have to be applied to obtain comprehensive understanding of the authorial and the readership roles in the structure of book communications. The information sciences and theories in postmodern philosophy would enable to understand the laws of book communications within the new information environment. Methodologically, it is important to use the works that investigate into the new communication environment phenomena such as the Internet, hypertext, online literature, and collective authorship.
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Horváth, Györgyi. "Towards a Methodology of the Intercultural Teaching of Hungarian Literature to Speakers of Hungarian as a Second/Foreign Language." Hungarian Cultural Studies 6 (January 12, 2014): 148–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/ahea.2013.118.
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Although there are many Hungarian Studies scholars teaching literature to Hungarian language learners around the world, there are practically no resources available about what is happening in these classes, and what linguistic, literary and cultural challenges they pose for students and teachers. In her study, Györgyi Horváth discusses her ten-year teaching experience as a teacher of Hungarian literature to Hungarian language learners within the Hungarian Studies Program, a one-year off-site university program offered to international students, accredited by the University of Pécs, and hosted by the Balassi Institute, Budapest. She discusses the institutional and program framework she worked in, gives a detailed account of the linguistic, literary and especially the cultural competencies that were in play in these courses, and also formulates some general methodological insights about teaching Hungarian literature to language learners. Horváth concludes that teaching literature cross-culturally widens the cultural horizons of students as well as of their teachers, offering them a space for increased cultural awareness and self-reflection.
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Suvorova, Irina. "SPECIFIC VALUE ORIENTATIONS OF THE VILLAGE RESIDENTS OF KARELIAN LAKE LADOGA AREA: CROSS-CULTURAL APPROACH." Studia Humanitatis 15, no. 2 (August 2020): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.15393/j12.art.2020.3566.
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The article studies the structure of the axiosphere of people currently living in Karelia, in the territory of Northern Ladoga area. The study used the cross-cultural approach based on the validation of the well-established and much respected Shalom Schwartz’s methodology for studying value orientations, as well as in-depth interviews, questionnaires and focus groups. The study utilized the materials of the field expedition conducted by Petrozavodsk State University as part of the project "Ways to preserve human capital as a topical problem for the Republic of Karelia." The expedition materials processing resulted in the identification of multidimensional factors that determined the originality of the structure of the axiosphere of Lake Ladoga area inhabitants and the difference from the "common cultural profile of mankind" declared by Schwartz. The main difference in the structure of the value sphere of our contemporaries in the studied territory was that they identified the value of security as the most significant, necessary and desirable one. The analysis of the sociocultural context for the reasons of such identification showed that there are historical, geographical and economic prerequisites that influenced the status of this value. A separate analysis was carried out with regard to the low demand for the value of traditions, which also revealed a set of reasons that shaped the low status of this value orientation. The validation of Schwartz’s methodology confirmed the high level of concordance between the structure of the axiosphere of the population currently inhabiting Lake Ladoga area with the "common cultural profile of mankind", as well as the specific original features of the axiosphere of the respondents involved in the study.
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Grossman, Heather E. "On Memory, Transmission and the Practice of Building in the Crusader Mediterranean." Medieval Encounters 18, no. 4-5 (2012): 481–517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700674-12342121.
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Abstract Memory played a key role in the cross-cultural transmission of medieval architectural knowledge amongst patrons, designers, ateliers and audiences from different religious, cultural and architectural traditions. Two aspects of architectural memory are here posited as playing a role in the dissemination of architectural forms and styles: a “cultural memory” that evoked specific, earlier sites of ideological or other significance to patrons; and a “pragmatic memory” of learned, practical skills that was transmitted amongst masons themselves. These interlocking yet distinct aspects of memory in architecture are not unique to cross-cultural transmission, but they had particular impact when deployed by patrons and masons across physical or conceptual borders. Whether introduced by practical means or for associative reasons, new forms further moved across regions with artisans, who proffered (and learned) new modes of working while traveling. Examination of the Cistercian Monastery of Zaraka in Stymphalia, Greece and other churches of the thirteenth-century, post-Crusade Peloponnese and greater Eastern Mediterranean demonstrate how both aspects of architectural memory can be read in the physical architectural record. This methodology also re-inscribes masons into a history of the cross-cultural creative process, showing that builders were vital in the processes of transmitting and interpreting forms.
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Zaman, Sabir, Shahid Irfan, Basharat Hussain, Muhammad Tahir Nawaz, and Shazia Khalid. "Cross-cultural insights on lived experiences of opioid users among young adults." Drugs and Alcohol Today 20, no. 2 (May 25, 2020): 85–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dat-03-2020-0014.
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Purpose There is increased social discussion of the emerging issues of opioid use, health and well-being of young adults within contemporary Asian society. The purpose of this study is to contribute new knowledge of opioid-using young adults through ethnographic perspectives of the five main cultures of Pakistan. Furthermore, it tried to explore the values of opioid users. Design/methodology/approach It is a qualitative study. Semi-structured interview and observation techniques were used to gain the participants’ information, in a non-judgmental environment. Observation and life focus history interview methodology were used for data collection. The sample consisted of 18 male opioid users (approximately three from each area including: Punjab, Khyber Pakhtoon Khah, Balochistan, Sindh, Gilgit Baltistan and Azad Jammu and Kashmir). An interview script was used in interviews after written informed consent. After the detailed interview and observation of non-verbal behaviours, the researchers analysed the data by using the content analysis of qualitative method. Findings The result showed that poor relationships, conflicts over property, lack of social support and family problems increased with the use of opioids by individuals. The individual’s mental health, such as hopelessness, curiosity, mistrust and lack of interest in social activities, was the major cause of opioid addiction. Moreover, peer influences and friends may also have played contributing roles in opioids use among men. Research limitations/implications The current study added to the understanding of the relationship of different environmental, behavioural and social factors involved in developing opioid use among young individuals. The homogeneity of the sample may have weakened the generalisability of the findings of the study as all participants in the study were male. Practical implications Clinicians and allied professionals have shown a great interest in early intervention with opioid users. At the same time, there is a lack of qualitative studies exploring the lived experiences of young opioid users. That is why this study was done, to empower counsellors. Social implications Opioids, including heroin, have strong addictive tendencies. They are easily available, particularly in unplanned urban areas of Pakistan. The present study tried to understand the lived experiences and beliefs of opioid users belonging to different cultures of Pakistan. Originality/value At the same time, there is a lack of qualitative studies exploring the lived experiences of adult opioid users. Therefore, this study presented 18 interview-based facts from the opioid users belonging to different areas of Pakistan residing in capital of Pakistan. The content of these vignettes was examined in the context of an ethnographic perspective, as it has a strong connection and contribution to drug abuse.
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Kumar, Rajesh, and Edgar Chambers. "Understanding the Terminology for Snack Foods and Their Texture by Consumers in Four Languages: A Qualitative Study." Foods 8, no. 10 (October 12, 2019): 484. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods8100484.
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The choice of food products is affected by the combination of food properties, consumer motives, emotions, and context, especially in cross-cultural studies. The designs of cross-cultural studies involve several limitations such as conceptual perception and linguistic and cultural differences in response style. These factors confine the validity and generalizability of such study models. In this study, we have combined linguistic and contextual perception together to generate consumer texture terminologies. Four focus groups discussions were conducted with consumers from nine different countries in English, Hindi, Mandarin, and Spanish. Vocabularies for sixteen texture terms were generated. Consumers provided a single consensus term that they typically use to describe contextual sensory perception. The results show that consumers use several terms to describe texture, and terms are very specific to product and related perception. The English translation of words like “snack”, “texture”, and other sensory texture terms are meaningless for non-English speaking cultures. Researchers are encouraged to validate (test) the structure of cross-cultural study models before application. Practical application: The findings of this study present a model which can be utilized to conduct cross-cultural research studies. The results can contribute to generate accurate consumer responses, acceptance, preference, and addressing consumers concerns. Food industries could leverage these by using our methodology in product development, finding consumer insights, effective communication, and products testing in international settings.