Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Cross-cutting'

This thesis focuses on integration of family planning into development programmes. It aims to recommend most appropriate ways that non-governmental organizations can adopt in order to introduce family planning as a cross-cutting issue in their development programmes in rural regions of Ethiopia. This is to ensure that women and men have the possibility to make free and informed choices on their childbearing preferences and exercise family planning. In order to identify the most suitable approaches, methods and strategies for family planning mainstreaming, the thesis determines the most significant determinants and factors that affect the childbearing preferences and identify those that can be addressed by family planning mainstreaming. The thesis bases its theoretical framework on the Amartya Sen's Capabilites approach to human development. The second part of the thesis is dedicated to Ethiopia Case Study.

The Lower Tertiary Balder Formation in the Beryl Embayment, North Sea, consists of sands interbedded with claystones and tuffs. The sands are massive and well sorted and can be up to 400 feet (122 m) thick, and are highly porous and permeable hydrocarbon reservoirs. The sands form large lobate and circular bodies of sands a few kilometres in diameter, with steep sides that are sometimes controlled by fault planes. The margins of the sands sometimes display thick sand wings extending up along fault planes. The sands display dewatering structures such as sills and dykes have a complex geometrical relationship with the surrounding sediments. Hydrothermal mineralisation is displayed as nodules, concretions and cementation of the sands within the Balder interval. The concept of seismic pumping, which postulates the rapid upward migration of deep fluids as the result of fault movement, was introduced to the literature some eighteen years ago, but fell into disrepute. However, it is argued here that re-shear of normal faults in the reverse direction can under certain critical physical conditions cause seismic pumping and can transport large quantities of deep seated fluids rapidly. This gives rise to the expulsion of fluid from depth into conventionally deposited massive sands of submarine fan environments, belonging to the Balder Formation, and thus in the fluidisation of the sediments. These sands have been intruded into the surrounding rocks and along fault planes forming a complex distribution of in situ and remobilised sands, thereby giving rise to the observed sand geometries and structures.

We present strong evidence that helical flux lines can concurrently, enter and leave the wall of hollow cylinders of sintered high superconductors at T$\sb{\rm c}$ 77 K, hence cut and traverse each other. Tubes of two different materials, denoted BiSCCO and YBCO, have been studied. The evidence for flux line cutting and cross-flow is examined in the perspective of basic concepts. The traffic of the flux lines is also described formally. The penetration fields across the wall and into the grains of the sintered ceramic tubes are determined from their magnetic response to an applied axial field H$\sb{//}$ and from their flux trapping behaviour when subjected to two standard procedures, denoted H$\sb{\rm cool}$ and H$\sb{\rm cycle}$. This provides information on j$\sb{\rm c\perp m}$ and j$\sb{\rm c\perp g}$, the intergrain and intragrain critical current densities for depinning of flux lines. The penetration fields are seen to correlate with salient features (peaks and valleys) of the flux line cutting and cross flow phenomena. This enables us to claim that we are witnessing flux line cutting and cross flow in the weak link regime in the BiSCCO tube and in this regime as well as in the interior of the grains in the YBCO tube. The Clem/Perez-Gonzalez phenomenological theory is exploited in a simplified framework to describe the crucial features of the data semi-quantitatively. This analysis confirms the above conclusions and provides estimates of j$\sb{\rm c//m}$ and j$\sb{\rm c//g}$, the critical current densities for intergranular and intragranular flux line cutting and their dependence on the magnetic flux density.

Aspect oriented programming languages provide a new enhanced composition mechanism between the functional sub units as compared to earlier non aspect oriented languages. For this reason the refactoring process requires a new approach to the analysis of existing code that focuses on how the functions cross cut one another. Aspect mining is a process of studying an existing program in order to find these cross cutting functions or concerns so they may be implemented using new aspect oriented constructs and thus reduce the complexity of the existing code. One approach to the detection of these cross cutting concerns generates a method call tree that outlines the method calls made within the existing code. The call tree is then examined to find recurring patterns of methods that can be symptoms of cross cutting concerns. The conducted research focused on enhancing this approach to detect and quantify cross cutting concerns that are a result of code tangling as well as code scattering. The conducted research also demonstrates how this aspect mining approach can be used to overcome the difficulties in detection caused by variations in the coding structure introduced by over time.

Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, 2018.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 89-104).
The economic potential and readiness of various cross-cutting technologies, both nuclear-related and not, have been evaluated to find that a 28-38% net reduction in LCOE is possible for new nuclear builds beginning construction before 2030, and up to 65% after that. The short term benefit comes primarily from several capital cost reducing technologies such as seismic isolation (7-10%), steel plate composites and ultra-high performance concrete (6-8%), modular construction of mechanical components (4-5%), and high-strength rebar (~2%), with heat transfer coatings (~5%) being the only non-capital technology to have a comparable impact. The long term benefit is also predominantly due to capital technologies, with the additive manufacturing of large metal components (3-9%) and offshore siting (3-9%) accounting for most of the increased benefit. Existing sites likewise look to profit, with retrofits enabling savings equivalent to a 6-8% reduction in LCOE in the near term - principally because of the aforementioned coatings. Other technologies evaluated include accident tolerant fuels, advanced instrumentation and control, advanced power cycles, embedment, energy storage, and robotics. As plant overnight costs and construction times have tripled in the US since Three Mile Island, such technologies thus have significant potential to aid a troubled industry. These estimates notably do not include learning from accumulated construction experience, which can additionally account for up to a 20-40% reduction in LCOE and is a driving incentive of small modular reactors, or revenue enhancement from sources such as the secondary objectives of Brayton cycles, which were found to be the most likely motivation in selecting such alternatives, and energy storage, where thermal storage was identified to be the best fit for nuclear plants. Furthermore, the durability of heat transfer coatings was determined to be more important to their viability than thermal performance, once past a relatively low threshold. And though the above values define the feasible range of savings, care must be taken in implementation to achieve these savings. Issues with modular construction, for example, can arise if too much of it is implemented too quickly as it is generally less flexible than traditional construction. This problem was observed at recent US AP1000 builds.
by Patrick A. Champlin.
S.M.

Across the United States, Human Anatomy and Physiology (HA&P) courses typically have some of the highest withdrawal and failure rates on college campuses. These high enrollment course typically serve as gate-keepers for those individuals with aspirations of entering the medical field. In light of the growing national shortage of healthcare professionals, there is a pressing need to improve the state of HA&P education at a national scale. The goal of this dissertation is to understand why undergraduate students struggle to succeed in HA&P courses. I leveraged multiple frameworks from biology education research, physics education research, and cognitive psychology to understand the source of student difficulty in HA&P. I used a mixed-methods approach to unpack how students reason about the complex phenomena covered in HA&P classes. The data presented here suggest student difficulties in HA&P are not the product of a culmination of individual conceptual difficulties. Rather, this work suggests students have difficulty reasoning with the many complex systems that are at the heart of HA&P curriculum. Students appear to frame these complex systems in a manner that activates reasoning strategies that are often in conflict with course goals. The findings from this work advocate for a dynamic view of student cognition that recognizes the implications of context features on student reasoning of complex systems.

The theory of motivated reasoning predicts that partisan cues in the media will affect political attitudes, by encouraging individuals to align their views with those of their party's elites. The effect has primarily been tested by looking at issues which have pre-established partisan positions (e.g. immigration reform, gay rights, etc.). This study looks at the effects of partisan cues in the media on attitudes toward a non-partisan issue, the NSA's collection of American's meta-data. Additionally, the study extends research on partisan cues by exploring the moderating role of an individual's political communication network and, specifically, exposure to cross-cutting political communication. Findings are mixed: although there was no main effect of exposure to partisan cues in general, strong partisans were more affected by exposure to partisan cues than weak partisans. Additionally, although frequency of political discussion was not found to moderate the effect of partisan cues, individuals with high exposure to cross-cutting communication were significantly less affected by partisan cues than those with low exposure to cross-cutting communication. Limitations, implications, and future directions are discussed.

This study documents the deformation history of the Santa Rita Flat pluton, eastern California, from the time of emplacement to post-emplacement transpressional shearing, and consists of manuscripts that make up three chapters. The first chapter addresses the emplacement of the Santa Rita Flat pluton using anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS). The second chapter describes the kinematic analysis of cross-cutting shear zones within the western margin of the pluton. The third chapter is an informal paper on the U/Pb dating of two sheared felsic dikes from the pluton. AMS of the Santa Rita Flat pluton indicates that the paramagnetic and ferromagnetic minerals define a foliation which is arched into an antiformal structure in the central to southern parts of the pluton. The northern part of the pluton displays an east-west striking magnetic foliation which lacks a fold-like geometry. Previously published field mapping and petrologic surveys of the pluton and surrounding wall rocks indicate that the southern margin and northern part of the Santa Rita Flat pluton represents the roof and core of the pluton, respectively. Integration of our analysis of the internal structure of the pluton with previously published work on the regional structure of the surrounding metasedimentary wall rocks, suggests that the pluton may have initially been intruded as a sill-like or "saddle reef" structure along a stratigraphically controlled mechanical discontinuity in the hinge zone of an enveloping regional-scale synform. Subsequent vertical inflation of this sill resulted in local upward doming of the overlying pluton roof and formation of the antiformal structure now observed at the current erosion level in the central-southern part of the pluton and overlying locally preserved roof rocks. No corresponding fold structure is indicated by AMS analysis in the northern part of the pluton, which is exposed at a deeper level, and represents a section closer to the pluton core. Emplacement of the Santa Rita Flat pluton at 164 Ma overlaps in time with regional deformation at ~185 - ~148 Ma (Middle - Late Jurassic) recognized in the southern Inyo Mountains. Northwest trending folds are pervasive along the western flank of the Inyo and White Mountains, and may have accommodated strains at the lateral tips of thrust faults which crop out in the southern Inyo Mountains. We speculate that space for initial emplacement of the Santa Rita Flat pluton may have been produced by layer-parallel slip and hinge-zone dilation, accompanied by axis-parallel slip during formation of a regional scale thrust-related synform. The Santa Rita shear system (SRSS) is composed of a series of discrete NW-SE striking steeply dipping shear zones that cut and plastically deform granitic rocks of the Santa Rita Flat pluton. The shear zones exhibit a domainal distribution of gently and steeply plunging stretching lineations, and are located at planar mechanical discontinuities between the granite and a series of felsic/mafic dikes which intrude the pluton. Mylonitized dikes within the shear zones contain syntectonic mineral assemblages not observed in dikes outside the shear zones, indicating that the dikes were intruded prior to shear zone development. Correlation with geometrically similar shear zones in the Sierra Nevada batholith to the west, suggests that the SRSS probably nucleated from a regional stress field in Cretaceous times (~90-78 Ma). Strain is heterogeneous within the shear zones, with local development of protomylonite, mylonite, ultramylonite and phyllonite. Strain heterogeneity within the granite is attributed to fluid infiltration and chemical reaction and alteration of feldspar to fine-grained mica. These deformation-induced mineral changes would have resulted in progressive mechanical weakening over time of rocks within the SRSS. The phyllonites occur predominantly within steeply lineated shear zones and contain mylonitized foliation-parallel quartz veins. The pattern of c-axis preferred orientation in these quartz veins indicates that deformation within the shear zones occurred under plane strain conditions. Locally, quartz veins also cut the foliation planes, reflecting high pore fluid pressures during evolution of the SRSS. These cross-cutting quartz veins are also plastically deformed, and their c-axis patterns indicate weak constrictional strains. The orientation of the shear zones, together with their strain paths, are used to develop a transpressional kinematic model for development of the SRSS within a progressively rotating stress field.
Master of Science

Coping with complexity in Information Systems and Software Engineering is an important issue in both research and industry. One strategy to deal with this complexity is through a separation of concerns, which can result in reducing the complexity, improving the re-usability, and simplifying the evolution.Separation of concerns can be addressed through the Aspect Oriented paradigm. Although this paradigm has been well researched in the field of programming, it is still in a preliminary stage in the area of Business Process Management. While some efforts have been made to propose aspect orientation for business process modeling, it has not yet been investigated how these models should be implemented, configured, run, and adjusted.Such a gap has restrained the enactment of aspect orientated business process models in practice.Therefore, this research enables the enactment of such models to support the separation of cross-cutting concerns in the entire business process management life-cycle.It starts by defining the operational semantics for the Aspect Oriented extension of the Business Process Model and Notation.The semantics specifies how such models can be implemented and configured, which can be used as a blueprint to support the enactment of aspect oriented business process models.The semantics is implemented in the form of artifacts, which are then used in a banking case study to investigate the current modeling technique.This investigation revealed new requirements, which should be considered in aspect oriented modeling approaches.Thus, the current modeling notation has been extended to include new requirements.The extended notation has been formalized, and investigated through re-modeling the processes in the case study. The results from this investigation show the need to refine the separation rules to support the encapsulation of aspects based on different business process perspectives. Therefore, the new refinement is proposed, formalized, and implemented.The implementation is then used as a prototype to evaluate the result through a case study.

Thesis: S.M. in Management Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2014.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 58-65).
Scholars of work and occupations have long shown that asking members from different occupations to collaborate with one another is difficult because of differences in status, meanings, and expertise across occupational groups, but they have failed to consider how the demography of the setting affects cross-occupational collaboration. Our 12-month ethnographic study of two units in a US hospital demonstrates the importance of cross-cutting demographics and dyadic toolkits to cross-occupational collaboration. In this paper, we demonstrate that a social structure characterized by cross-cutting demographics between occupational groups (where occupational membership is uncorrelated with demographic group membership) can loosen the occupational identity and status order, thereby creating space for members of cross-occupational dyads (e.g., nurses and patient-care technicians) to draw on other shared social identities (e.g., shared race, age, immigration-status) in their interactions with one another. Drawing on a shared social identity at the dyad level provides members with alternative (nonoccupational) expertise, meanings, status rules, and emotional scripts that facilitate collaboration across occupational differences. These findings about cross-cutting demographics and dyadic toolkits have implications for research on cross-occupational collaboration and demography and intergroup relations.
by Julia Marie DiBenigno.
S.M. in Management Research

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Capes
MDA, ou Model-driven Architecture, é um padrão definido pelo Object Management Group (OMG) que permite a geração de modelos por outros modelos por meio das Transformações MDA, um conjunto de operações que relacionam elementos de um ou mais modelos de entrada e saída. As transformações podem ser escritas por meio de linguagens como Query/View/Transformation (QVT), outro padrão do OMG. Como em linguagens de programação, pode-se fazer necessária a adição de funcionalidades que acabam se cruzando no código (como logging e rastreio, por exemplo), podendo resultar em cross-cutting concerns na transformação. Esse problema pode então ser enfrentado por meio do Paradigma Orientado a Aspectos. Presentemente, não encontramos soluções que aplicam, especificamente, aspectos para a solução de cross-cutting concerns em transformações escritas na linguagem QVT. Assim, nós propomos e desenvolvemos uma linguagem de aspectos para QVT, de nome AQVT, além de um compilador que realiza o weaving do código AQVT com o código original QVT. Utilizando-se de métricas sobre os programas QVT e a execução das transformações AQVT, realizamos um estudo empírico sobre a linguagem AQVT proposta. Identificamos nesse estudo que ocorre uma melhora fraca na qualidade de leitura e uma boa melhora na modularidade dos código QVT e AQVT, se comparado com uma transformação equivalente escrita puramente em QVT. Contudo, não foi possível realizar uma implementação completa de todas as funções do Paradigma de Aspectos e de alguns elementos da linguagem QVT em AQVT, deixando essas atividades como trabalhos futuros.
MDA (Model-Driven Architecture) is a standard specified by the Object Management group (OMG) that allows a developer to generate models from models by means of MDA Transformations, a set of functions that match and bind elements between source and target models. Transformations can be written in languages such as Query/View/Transformations Language (QVT), another OMG standard. As with programming languages, the addition of features in the code that cut through it (like logging and tracing) may cause cross-cutting concerns in the transformation. This problem can then be addressed through the use of the Aspect Oriented Paradigm. Currently, we could not find solutions that used Aspects for the specific problem of crosscutting concerns within QVT transformations. We proposed and developed an aspects language for QVT, named AQVT, along with a compiler that weaves both the QVT and AQVT codes into a single program. With the assistance of metrics applied to the QVT programs and the execution of AQVT code, we have performed an empirical research for the proposed QVT language. We identified that the quality of reading improved slightly and the modularity of the program increased, when comparing the code between two equivalent transformations (one with an AQVT module and the other without it). However, we were not able to completely implement all of the functions from the Aspects Paradigm nor some of the elements from the QVT language into AQVT and propose those activities as our future work.

The dissertation is focused on cross-cutting curriculum Man and the world of work in economic fields of education and its integration into the educational system. The theoretical part is devoted to information on the general and school education programs, cross-cutting curriculum Man and the world of work, its history and its inclusion in school curricula and teaching. The practical part is aimed to analyze the completed achievement tests and questionnaires by students of business academies and interpretation of the results with subsequent own proposals for the integration of cross-curricular curriculum Man and the world of work into the educational system in economic fields of education.

Field studies in the southwest Salton Trough between Yaqui Ridge and Borrego Mountain show that the West Salton detachment fault was active during the Pliocene and may have initiated during the latest Miocene. At Yaqui Ridge dominantly east-directed extension is recorded by slickenlines on the NW-striking detachment fault, and shows that the fault is actually a low-angle dextral oblique strike-slip fault. Crustal inheritance is responsible for the position of the fault at Yaqui Ridge, which reactivates a late Cretaceous reverse -sense mylonite zone at map scale. Late Miocene to Pliocene basin fill deposits at Borrego Mountain display progressive unconformities, contain detritus shed from the footwall and damage zone of the West Salton detachment fault, record the growth of a large hanging wall anticline, and document the initiation and evolution of the West Salton detachment fault. The Borrego Mountain anticline is a major hanging wall growth fold that trends - N60 °W and has at least 420 m of structural relief. The late Quaternary Sunset conglomerate is - 600 m thick, lies in angular unconformity on Pliocene basin fill, is bound on the SW by the dextral oblique Sunset fault, and coarsens upward and SW toward the fault. It is dominated by plutonic lithologies from nearby areas, contains up to 10% recycled sandstone clasts from Pliocene deposits, and was shed from the SW side of the then-active Sunset fault. Based on lithologic, stratigraphic, compositional similarities, we correlate this conglomerate to part of the - 1. I - 0.6 Ma Ocotillo Formation. The West Salton detachment fault was folded and deactivated at Yaqui Ridge by the dextral oblique San Felipe fault zone starting - 1. l - 1.3 Ma. The Sunset fault is in the middle of a complex left stepover between the San Felipe fault to the NW and the Fish Creek Mountains fault to the SE. Structural analyses and mapping show that syntec tonic conglomerate, the West Salton detachment fault, and footwall crystalline rocks all have similar fold geometries and record similar amounts of NE-SW shortening. The dominant SE-trending population of slip vectors on the Sunset fault is not present on the West Salton detachment fault and suggests limited or no activation of the older detachment fault by the younger fault zone.

Thesis (B. Sc.(Hons.))--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Geology and Geophysics, 2000?
National Grid Reference Zone 54 Onkaparinga 6628-11 (1:50000). Includes bibliographical references (leaves 81-84).

Though it can be argued that the new democratic government has made tremendous strides in its first decades of democracy, continuing poverty and inequality tends to undermine the gains. Faced by this development dilemma, the government has adopted various development endeavours in an attempt to address issues of social and economic development. The topic of Local Economic Development has received considerable attention from both government and scholars in recent years. At the heart of the concept of LED are enshrined the goals of creating employment and promoting the economic growth and development of a locality or local area. It is in this context that the main objective of the study was to investigate the implementation of Local Economic Development as a cross-cutting dimension in the Integrated Development Plan of the Inkwanca Municipality of in the Eastern Cape Province. The construction of a bridge in the town of Sterkstroom was used as a case study to assess the ability of the municipality to plan and implement a LED project in a coordinated and integrated manner. The study used the combination of both methods of data collection, namely the qualitative and quantitative methods. The tool used to collect data was an interview schedule which consisted of open and closed ended questions. Findings by this study revealed that LED planning and implementation within the municipality does not receive the priority it so deserves and therefore it can not be regarded as the panacea for the development challenges confronted by the community in the municipality. Since LED has failed to create sustainable jobs and grow the local economy, questions can be raised about the efficiency of the municipality in its implementation of LED as a cross–cutting dimension. There appears to have been little cooperation with the LED Unit on the implementation of the Sokoyi Bridge construction project. Neither was there a concerted effort on the part of the municipality to use the project to build skills among the workers that they could use in future initiatives. The study revealed that the line function departments within the municipality could not plan their activities and programmes in a coordinated and integrated manner. Planning is characterised by ‘silo-functioning’. Furthermore, intergovernmental coordination amongst the various spheres of government has been and remains a challenge. Intergovernmental coordination and collaboration needed to be strengthened. The Integrated Development Plan of the municipality which is supposed to be a strategic coordination and integration tool has failed to achieve its objective and as such planning happens in an ad hoc and fragmented fashion. A plan-led system is needed to bring focus and allow long term public interest to guide the development of places. The National Development Plan state that “it will take time to create this capability, drawing on fuller understanding of the limitations of current arrangements and incorporating the lessons of good international practise.” (NDP, 2011: 263). Having a policy in place does not guarantee that there will be developmental or pro-poor outcomes. This study indicated that there are real capacity constraints in local government to plan in an integrated and coordinated manner. The Inkwanca Municipality did not use the developmental opportunities presented by the bridge construction project to its fullest extent. A lack of coordination limited the ability of the municipality to move beyond short-term job creation through a more integrated programme that could have had a broader positive impact on the residents of the Inkwanca municipality.

The world population is living longer, but are sicker, says a survey performed by the Global Burden of Disease Study, in 2010. The chronic diseases (CD) as hypertension, obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), among others, are the leading causes of death worldwide. In Brazil, according to the Ministry of Health, 72% of deaths are due to chronic diseases, particularly to atherosclerosis, a cardiovascular disease, that may start in childhood. These diseases have in common the maintenance of unhealthy lifestyle habits, as the main responsible for the incidence of cases. Adequate knowledge is a major factor in combating unhealthy lifestyles, and the school is the appropriate environment to develop such knowledge. This study examined the applicability of cross-cutting theme health (CTS) in public elementary schools in Santa Maria / RS, in order to remedy problems identified by teachers, when seeking to develop this theme in order to assist in the development of health education in school. The search is structured in two stages. The first involved the participation of 104 teachers and to sought to check if they develop the CTS in their classes. If believe themselves to be able to solve this task, they received some form of training to accomplish this task and what problems they face in fulfilling the requirements of the MEC regarding the development of CTS. The results show that teachers, in general, seek to develop health issues in their classes, but do not feel prepared for this task. The most noted was the lack of teaching materials to support teaching about health. Thus, the project involved the creation of two notebooks of activities, one for the lower grades (1st to 5th grade), and one for the upper grades (6th to 9th grade) of the elementary school about atherosclerosis, due to high incidence of cases in Brazil, and approach of multiple health problems related to quality of life of school, which can be exploited from this theme. The activities were created or adapted for the UFSM and FURG medicine undergraduates, as recommended by the author of this thesis. After making the notebooks the researcher applied the second phase of research that aimed to collect data on the evaluation of teachers about the material created. This step was made by a workshop provided an opportunity to raise awareness about the importance of CVD´s prevention, particularly atherosclerosis since childhood. During the workshop the teachers manipulated, read, suggested changes and evaluated the material and subject atherosclerosis through a pre- and post-test, showing 88,65% acceptance in relation to its use, and its validation as an important tool to aid in the implementation of the thematic school. The research used semi-structured questionnaires and participant observation as tools for data collection, based on social research methods Gil (2011). For data interpretation, with qualitative and quantitative evaluation, we used content analysis, based on the theory of Bardin (2011) and Yin (2001). With support from the City Department of Education, and the City Council of Santa Maria, the material will be distributed to local schools, with the promise of incentive campaigns school on cardiovascular health since childhood.
A população mundial está vivendo mais, porém está mais doente, afirma a pesquisa americana Global Burden of Disease Study (Estudo da Carga de Saúde Global), realizada em 2010. As doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNT) como hipertensão, obesidade, diabetes, as doenças cardiovasculares (DCV), entre outras, são as principais causas de morte no mundo. No Brasil, segundo o Ministério da Saúde, 72% das mortes se devem as DCNT, em especial a aterosclerose, uma DCV que pode ter início na infância. Essas enfermidades apresentam em comum a manutenção de hábitos de vida não saudáveis como principal responsável pela incidência dos casos. O conhecimento adequado é o principal fator na luta contra estilos de vida não saudáveis e a escola é o ambiente apropriado para desenvolver tais saberes. Assim, o presente estudo analisou a aplicabilidade do tema transversal saúde (TTS) no ensino fundamental público de Santa Maria/RS objetivando sanar problemas apontados pelos docentes quando buscam desenvolver tal temática, de forma a auxiliar no desenvolvimento da educação para a saúde na escola. A pesquisa se estruturou em duas fases. A primeira contou com a participação de 104 docentes e buscou verificar se os mesmos desenvolvem o TTS em suas aulas; se acreditam ter condições de dar conta desse encargo; se receberam algum tipo de formação para realizarem essa tarefa, e quais os problemas que julgam enfrentar ao buscar cumprir as exigências do MEC em relação ao desenvolvimento do TTS. Os resultados obtidos mostram que os docentes, no geral, buscam desenvolver temas de saúde em suas aulas, porém não se sentem preparados para essa tarefa. O problema mais apontado foi a falta de material pedagógico de apoio ao docente sobre saúde, assim por meio do trabalho desenvolvido nesta tese se criou dois cadernos de atividades, um para as séries iniciais (1º ao 5º ano) e outro para as séries finais (6º ao 9º ano) do ensino fundamental sobre aterosclerose, devido a alta incidência de casos no Brasil e a abordagem de múltiplos problemas de saúde relacionados à qualidade de vida do escolar, que podem ser explorados a partir dessa temática. As atividades foram criadas ou adaptadas por alunos de graduação em medicina da UFSM e FURG, segundo orientação da autora desta tese. Após confecção dos cadernos a pesquisadora aplicou a segunda fase da pesquisa que objetivou coletar dados sobre a avaliação dos docentes sobre o material criado. Essa etapa se deu mediante uma oficina que oportunizou um trabalho de sensibilização a respeito da importância da prevenção de DCV, particularmente da aterosclerose, desde a infância. Durante a oficina os docentes manipularam, leram, sugeriram alterações e avaliaram o material e o assunto aterosclerose através de um pré e pós-teste, apresentando 88,65% de aceitação em relação a sua utilização e a sua validação como importante ferramenta de auxílio na aplicação da temática na escola. A pesquisa utilizou questionários semiestruturados e a observação participante como instrumentos para coleta de dados, baseados nos métodos de pesquisa social de Gil (2011). Para a interpretação dos dados, com avaliação quali-quantitativa, foi utilizada a Análise de Conteúdo baseada na teoria de Bardin (2011) e Yin (2001). Com apoio da Secretaria Municipal de Educação e da Câmara de Vereadores de Santa Maria, o material será distribuído a escolas do município, com promessa de incentivo a campanhas escolares sobre a saúde cardiovascular desde a infância.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
The present dissertation aims to analyze the construction process of sexual prejudice, based on the sexual behavior of ancient civilizations and on the guidelines of sex education in Brazil. Based on the fundamentals of dialectical materialist approach, the daily life/attitude/social behavior are a basic element as a phenomenon; and the category possibility/reality is a methodological tool seeking to understand how the basis of sex education in different societies. Thus a historical digression takes place, searching the daily life of ancient and medieval civilizations for different ways of experiencing sexuality, and searching ecclesiastical control mechanisms for the various models of punishment of those sexual behaviors considered deviant. Then, the role of science and its representatives in conflicting dialogues on sexuality is highlighted. Finally, the origin of sex education in Brazil and the guidelines of educational policies regarding the implementation of actions, which enable meeting the demand of sexual diversity in schools is presented, as well as the inclusion of topics related to sexuality and its characteristics in the curriculum of schools. Given the discussions raised here, it is clear that the vagueness, in which the debate on sexuality issues in the educational sphere lies, highlights the barriers that mark the theme, which is mostly to be found in broader approaches. The need for the adoption of posture free of taboo and prejudice seems to be an effective alternative to promote a new educational space with less discrimination and more democracy.
O presente trabalho de Mestrado tem por objetivo analisar o processo de construção do preconceito sexual com base nas condutas sexuais de antigas civilizações e nas diretrizes da educação sexual no Brasil. Tomando por base os fundamentos do enfoque materialista dialético optou-se pelo cotidiano/atitude/conduta social como elemento basilar enquanto fenômeno e a categoria possibilidade/realidade como instrumento metodológico buscando uma compreensão de como se instituiu os pilares da educação da sexualidade nas diversas sociedades. Com esse fim principia uma digressão histórica, buscando no cotidiano das civilizações antiga e medieval, as diferentes formas de vivência da sexualidade e nos mecanismos de controle eclesiásticos, os diversos modelos de punição dos comportamentos sexuais considerados desviantes. Em seguida, destaca o papel da ciência e de seus representantes nos diálogos conflitantes com as questões sobre a sexualidade. Por fim, apresenta a gênese da educação sexual no Brasil e as diretrizes das políticas educacionais no tocante à implementação de ações que viabilizem o atendimento à demanda da diversidade sexual no âmbito escolar e a inserção, na grade curricular das escolas, de temas relativos à sexualidade e aos aspectos que a caracterizam. Diante das discussões aqui suscitadas, percebe-se que a obscuridade na qual ainda se mantém o debate sobre a questão da sexualidade no âmbito educacional evidencia os impasses que assinalam o tema que, na maioria das vezes, é situado em enfoques mais amplos. A necessidade da adoção de posturas livres de tabus e preconceitos parece constituir uma das medidas alternativas eficazes para a promoção de novos espaços educativos menos discriminantes e mais democráticos.

Recent technological, social, and economic trends and transformations are contributing to the production of what is usually referred to as Big Data. Big Data, which is typically defined by four dimensions -- Volume, Velocity, Veracity, and Variety -- changes the methods and tactics for using, analyzing, and interpreting data, requiring new approaches for data provenance, data processing, data analysis and modeling, and knowledge representation. The use and analysis of Big Data involves several distinct stages from "data acquisition and recording" over "information extraction" and "data integration" to "data modeling and analysis" and "interpretation", each of which introduces challenges that need to be addressed. There also are cross-cutting challenges, which are common challenges that underlie many, sometimes all, of the stages of the data analysis pipeline. These relate to "heterogeneity", "uncertainty", "scale", "timeliness", "privacy" and "human interaction". Using the Big Data analysis pipeline as a guiding framework, this paper examines the challenges arising in the use of Big Data in regional science. The paper concludes with some suggestions for future activities to realize the possibilities and potential for Big Data in regional science.
Series: Working Papers in Regional Science

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In the face of the changes and social problems resulting from the production systems of Modern Agriculture (pollution of soils, waters, erosion, destruction of the ozone layer, destructions of fauna and flora), globalization and the financial policy changes, which brought the idea of the increase production and profit without minding to the nature degradation, it became necessary a further reflection on the training of Technical Agriculture with a focus on environmental issues. This study was carried out for the purpose of examining the presence of environmental education and the development of environmental awareness in education and training of agricultural experts in the course of agriculture/ cattle breeding at Colégio Agricola Vidal de Negreiros - CAVN (Bananeiras - PB). Researches using qualitative elements, and some methods, such as, the application of questionnaires to teachers and students of 2nd year at CAVN were made with the intention of identifying as a Environmental Education has been developed by teachers in a satisfactory way, and if this is enough for students to develop an environmental awareness by contributing to the protection and sustainable use of natural resources. In this way the analysis of data showed that environmental education has been developed in a unsatisfactory way at CAVN, preventing the development of environmental awareness in students and teachers. In this context, to develop an agricultural technical, conscious and capable of acting in social environment reality is necessary a continuous training of teachers, the interdisciplinary approach to environmental issues, promoting integration of actions, disclosure and discussion of the developed activities.
Diante das grandes transformações e problemas socioambientais resultantes dos sistemas de produção da Agricultura Moderna (poluição dos solos, das águas, erosão, destruição da camada de ozônio, destruição da fauna e da flora), da globalização e das transformações político financeira, que trouxeram em seu bojo a idéia de aumento da produção e do lucro sem se importar com a degradação da natureza, tornou-se necessário uma maior reflexão sobre a formação do Técnico agrícola com enfoque nas questões ambientais. Este estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de analisar a presença da Educação Ambiental e o desenvolvimento de uma consciência ambiental no ensino e formação dos técnicos agrícolas no curso de agropecuária do Colégio Agrícola Vidal de Negreiros . Assim, através da aplicação de questionários a professores e alunos do 2° ano do CAVN buscou-se identificar se a Educação Ambiental vem sendo desenvolvida de forma satisfatória pelos professores, se esta é suficiente para que os alunos desenvolvam uma consciência ambiental contribuindo para a proteção e uso sustentável dos recursos naturais. Assim a análise dos dados demonstrou que a educação ambiental vem sendo desenvolvida de forma insatisfatória no CAVN, inviabilizando o desenvolvimento de uma consciência ambiental nos alunos e professores. Neste contexto, parte-se de que para a formação do técnico agrícola consciente e apto para atuar na realidade sócio ambiental se faz necessário uma capacitação continuada dos professores, a abordagem interdisciplinar da temática ambiental e que a instituição favoreça o trabalho de questões ambientais, promovendo ações de integração, divulgação e discussão das atividades desenvolvidas.

Et si la santé était une chose trop sérieuse pour être confiée à des acteurs sanitaires ? Et si la fin des risques était possible ? Ces interrogations ont, entre autres, animé la planification en santé environnement(ale). Cette thèse sonde les genèse, conception et portée de cet instrument aussi sujet aux transferts et variations qu’aux aléas et controverses. Elle se penche sur l’OMS qui l’a initié, jusqu’au niveau national français où la planification est épousée de diverses manières. Une approche par les acteurs est privilégiée, un regard conjoint sur le déjà-là et le changement réclamé. Ainsi, l’analyse comprend la dimension politique de la planification comme dépendante d’un dépassement : celui d’acteurs du génie sanitaire, entrepreneurs historiques de santé environnement(ale), par des nouveaux groupes sanitaire et écologique disposant de ressources-clés dans l’appareil d’État. Plus particulièrement, la pérennité de la planification procède des acteurs écologiques. Renversant les projets de l’OMS, cette configuration suggère un glissement de propriété du problème santé environnement(ale). Depuis plus de vingt ans, la planification réduit l’ubiquité de la santé environnement(ale). Elle en esquisse aussi l’explosivité. À qui veut saisir la fabrique de ce problème, ses acteurs et débats, ses temps et grandeurs, ce travail propose quelques clés de lecture. Ces clés ouvrent sur l'intérieur, les sommets et les marges de l'État. S’y distingue une expertise systémique transcendant durablement sa pendante scientifique dans le gouvernement des relations humains/milieux. S’y dévoilent les sens composites des transversalités et leurs rapports vivaces aux sectorialités
What if health was too serious to be left to health actors ? What if risks can disappear ? These interrogations have driven some of the national environmental health action plans. This specific planning is structurally a matter of transfers and changes, uncertainty and controversies. This thesis deals with its genesis, making, and effects. It integrates a transnational scene, the World Health Organization that initiates the planning. It also considers a national level, the French one precisely, that imports the planning. Two rationale are used : an actor-centered approach, a balanced examination of preexistence and innovation. This work thus foresees the political dimension of the national environmental health planning in France. It requires health and ecological state actors with adequate resources. These actors go beyond sanitary engineers that are historical advocates of environmental health. Besides, the ecological actors determine the continuity of the planning. This suggests that the owners of the environmental health problem have now changed. This also means a distance with the initial project of WHO. For more than twenty years, the national planning reduces the ubiquity of environmental health. It also suggests its exploding aspects. This thesis provides some insight to understand the making of this problem, its actors and debates, its times and quantities. It explores the inside, the highest level and the boundaries of the state. It enlightens the transcendence of systemic expertise with respect to scientific expertise for governing the human-environment relationships. More broadly, it leads to question the vigorous relation between the cross-cutting and sectoral aspects of public intervention

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This research aims to identify, analyze and discuss, in light of theory, the different manners used to approach the subject of consumption in the Portuguese Language curriculum mediators in Middle School, which were created by the São Paulo Department of Educational Affairs, for the São Paulo Faz Escola Program, seeking to find answers to the following questions: What aspects of the subject of consumption are presented in the curriculum? Which aspects are missing? What kind of people are students expected to be after having this exact curriculum? To this end, the Portuguese Language Teacher s and Student s Books for Middle School were chosen as study objects. The qualitative method was selected for this research, along with some quantitative method akin, which were held through the exploratory research. Document retrieval was used to approach the universe of this study. In order to achieve the proposed goals, five chapters were developed, the first three addressing the theoretical basis. In the first chapter, a historical review of Curriculum Studies was made, so as to situate our research within the critical theories later on. Still in this chapter, the concepts that underlie our research are introduced, such as prescribed curriculum and the curriculum presented to the teachers staff (GIMENO SACRISTÁN, 2000). In the second chapter, the thinking of some authors that focused on reasoning about education as a privileged space for awareness, building citizenship and social transformation, as Freire (2001, 2002, 2005), Cortella (2008), among others, are presented. The third chapter is devoted to the deepening socio-historical and theoretical work on consumption, through the writings of Hobsbawm (2000), Marx (1996), Löwy (2000), Barbosa (2008) and Lara (2009). The fourth chapter focuses on the contexts of our research, data collection and interpretation of results in light of theory. In the last chapter, considerations about the process of this research are made, at the same time that the results analysis and our outlook on including the subject of consumption in the curriculum are presented with a critical eye
Esta pesquisa objetiva identificar, analisar e discutir, à luz da teoria, como se configura a abordagem do tema do consumo nos mediadores curriculares de Língua Portuguesa do Ensino Fundamental Ciclo II produzidos pela Secretaria de Estado da Educação de São Paulo, no programa São Paulo faz Escola , visando encontrar respostas para as seguintes questões: Que aspectos do tema do consumo estão presentes neste currículo? Quais estão ausentes? Que tipo de pessoa este currículo pretende formar? Para tanto, os Cadernos do Professor e os Cadernos do Aluno da disciplina de Língua Portuguesa do Ensino Fundamental - Ciclo II foram escolhidos como objeto de estudo. Como metodologia, optamos pela abordagem qualitativa, com alguns subsídios da abordagem quantitativa, que se realizou por meio de uma pesquisa exploratória. O procedimento utilizado para aproximação do universo pesquisado foi a pesquisa documental. Com a finalidade de atingir os objetivos propostos, elaboramos cinco capítulos, sendo os três primeiros de base teórica. No primeiro capítulo fizemos uma retrospectiva histórica dos estudos na área de currículo para, em seguida, situar nossa pesquisa dentro das teorias críticas. Neste capítulo também apresentamos conceitos que permeiam nossa pesquisa, como currículo prescrito e o currículo apresentado aos professores (GIMENO SACRISTÁN, 2000). No segundo capítulo, apresentamos o pensamento de alguns autores que se debruçaram na tarefa de pensar a educação como um espaço privilegiado para a conscientização, construção da cidadania e a transformação social, como Freire (2001, 2002, 2005), Cortella (2008), entre outros. O terceiro capítulo dedicou-se ao aprofundamento sócio- histórico e teórico sobre o consumo, por meio dos escritos de Hobsbawm (2000), Marx (1996), Löwy (2000), Barbosa (2008) e Lara (2009). O quarto capítulo teve como enfoque o contexto da pesquisa, o levantamento dos dados e nossa interpretação dos resultados obtidos, à luz da teoria. No último capítulo tecemos algumas considerações sobre o processo de elaboração desta pesquisa, nossa análise dos resultados e perspectivas para se pensar a inserção do tema do consumo no currículo sob um olhar crítico

La sexualité des adolescents a fait l’objet de recherches intensives suivante santé et l’éducation en raison de vulnérabilités inhérentes de ce groupe présente autant que ses conséquences. Souvent, ces vulnérabilités que les grossesses non désirées, l’avor-tement à risque et les maladies sexuellement transmissibles découlent d’un manque d’information, car un dialogue minuscule sur la sexualité des voies est perçue dans le contexte familial, ainsi qu’au système scolaire où la seule place à ces sujets sont à la science classes de la prérogative du contexte biologique sans pensée et de considé-rations à des approches historiques, la sexualité socio-culturelle et affective. Dans ce contexte, cette thèse a cherché à comprendre les conceptions des adolescents et des élèves adolescents sur la sexualité, l’identification des différentes formes d’accès à cette connaissance, repérer ceux inhérents à l’adulte de référence. Il traite d’une recherche quantitative -qualitative lieu avec les élèves adolescents à l’école primaire municipale de Belo Jardim - Pernambuco et le réseau de l’État et Uruguaiana - Rio Grande do Sul à partir de Novembre 2014 pour Avril 2015. Participants sujets traités avec 38 élèves des deux sexes et des adolescents âgés de 10-16 ans. Pour la collecte des données, nous avons utilisé un questionnaire appliqué seulement après la signature de la convention d’engagement libre et informé - consentement éclairé par les parents et / ou tuteurs et du consentement par les adolescents. Avant la collecte a été réalisée essai pilote visant a tester l’instrument d’enquête d’évaluer la clarté des questions et l’efficacité de l’outil. Les données recueillies ont été analysées en utilisant l’analyse de contenu Bardin, afin de les catégoriser. Avec le résultat de l’analyse, il est devenu clair que / adolescents sont dangereux de vivre leur sexualité pleinement, autonome et responsable à la place perméat le domaine des idées fausses de la sexualité qui sont associés exclusivement à des relations sexuelles, ainsi que des relations sexuelles étroite avec le seul but de l’élevage. Nous avons constaté que les adolescents / ont encore des doutes et des craintes au sujet des questions entourant la sexualité, ainsi que l’ignorance promotion de leur santé et prévenir les vulnérabilités. Nous avons constaté que le développement de l’éducation sexuelle dans le contexte de l’école est encore timide et l’isolement des services de la famille et de santé, ainsi que peu d’influence des professionnels de la santé dans la construction de conceptions / adolescents sur la sexualité, la promotion de la santé et de prévention des maladies. Nous concluons qu’il ya des lacunes qui doivent être comblées, visant l’accès à plus d’informations sur la santé sexuelle et reproductive, la prévention des maladies sexuellement transmissibles et de la construction d’une sexualité libre de préjugés, de doutes et de craintes.
A sexualidade na adolescência tem sido objeto de debate tanto no seguimento da saúde como na educação devido as vulnerabilidades inerentes a este grupo e suas consequências. Muitas vezes, as vulnerabilidades como gravidez não planejada e precoce, aborto inseguro e doenças sexualmente transmissíveis decorrem da falta de informações, tendo em vista o ínfimo diálogo no trato da sexualidade no contexto familiar, assim como na escola onde muitas vezes o único lócus destinado ao tema são nas aulas de ciências pautadas na prerrogativa do contexto biológico, e a seu turno, não havendo reflexão e ponderações aos enfoques histórico, sociocultural e afetivo da sexualidade. Neste contexto, a presente dissertação buscou compreender as concepções dos adolescentes e das adolescentes escolares sobre sexualidade, categorizando as diversas formas de acesso a esse conhecimento, ao pontuar aqueles inerentes aos adultos de referência. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de natureza qualititativa, realizada com adolescentes escolares da rede municipal de ensino fundamental de Belo Jardim - Pernambuco e da rede Estadual de Uruguaiana - Rio Grande do Sul no período de novembro de 2014 a abril de 2015. Participaram da pesquisa 38 adolescentes escolares do gênero masculino e feminino na faixa etária entre 10 a 16 anos. Para coleta dos dados, utilizou-se um questionário aplicado apenas após assinatura do Termo de Compromisso Livre e Esclarecido – TCLE pelos pais e/ou responsáveis e o Termo de Assentimento pelos adolescentes. Antes da coleta dos dados, vislumbrou-se um teste piloto, visando testar o instrumento de pesquisa avaliando a clareza das perguntas e a eficácia do instrumento. Os dados coletados foram analisados pela técnica de análise de conteúdo de Bardin, visando à categorização dos mesmos. Com o resultado da análise, foi possível evidenciar que os/as adolescentes não estão seguros para vivenciarem sua sexualidade de forma plena, autônoma e responsável, ao contrário, permeiam pelo campo das concepções equivocadas da sexualidade onde associam exclusivamente à relação sexual, assim como estreita relação da sexualidade com o objetivo de apenas procriar. Verificamos que os/as adolescentes ainda apresentam dúvidas e medos quanto as questões que envolvem a sexualidade, assim como autonomia para adotar comportamentos para a promoção de sua saúde e prevenção das vulnerabilidades. Verificamos que o desenvolvimento da educação sexual no contexto escolar ainda encontra-se tímida e de maneira isolada da família e dos serviços de saúde, além da pouca influência dos profissionais de saúde na construção das concepções dos/as adolescentes sobre sexualidade, promoção da saúde e prevenção de doenças. Concluímos que existem lacunas que necessitam serem preenchidas, objetivando um acesso à mais informações sobre saúde sexual e reprodutiva, prevenção de doenças sexualmente transmissíveis e construção de uma sexualidade livre de preconceito, dúvidas e medos.
Adolescent sexuality has been the subject of intensive research following health and ed-ucation due to inherent vulnerabilities this group presents as much as its consequences. Often, such vulnerabilities as unplanned pregnancy, unsafe abortion and sexually trans-mitted diseases stem from lack of information, because a tiny dialogue on sexuality tract is perceived in the family context, as well as at school system where the only room for these subjects are within science classes in the prerogative of the biological context with no thought and considerations to historical approaches, socio-cultural and affective sexuality. In this context, this thesis sought to understand the conceptions of adolescents and adolescent students about sexuality, identifying the various forms of access to this knowledge, pinpointing those inherent in reference adults. It deals with a quantitative -qualitative research held with adolescent students in the municipal primary school of Belo Jardim - Pernambuco and the State network and Uruguaiana - Rio Grande do Sul from November 2014 to April 2015. Participants subjects dealt with 38 adolescent male and female students aged between 10-16 years. For data collection, we used a questionnaire being applied only after signing the Free and Informed Commitment Agreement - Informed Consent by parents and / or guardians and the Consent Agree-ment by adolescents. Before the collection was conducted pilot test aimed at testing the survey instrument assessing the clarity of the questions and the tool’s effectiveness. The collected data were analyzed using Bardin content analysis, in order to categorize them. With the result of the analysis, it became clear that / adolescents are unsafe to experience their sexuality fully, autonomous and responsible instead permeate the field of misconceptions of sexuality which are associated exclusively to sexual intercourse, as well as close sexual relationship with the only purpose of breeding. We found that the / adolescents still have doubts and fears about the issues surrounding sexuality, as well as ignorance promoting their health and prevent vulnerabilities. We found that the development of sex education in the school context still is shy and isolation from family and health services, as well as little influence of health professionals in the construction of conceptions / adolescents about sexuality, health promotion and prevention of dis-eases. We conclude that there are gaps that need to be filled, aiming access to more information about sexual and reproductive health, prevention of sexually transmitted diseases and building a sexuality free of prejudice, doubts and fears.
La sexualidad de los adolescentes ha sido objeto de una intensa investigación siguiendo la salud y la educación debido a las vulnerabilidades inherentes a este grupo presenta tanto como sus consecuencias. A menudo, las vulnerabilidades tales como el embarazo no planificado, el aborto inseguro y las enfermedades de transmisión sexual se deben a la falta de información, ya que un pequeño diálogo sobre las vías de la sexualidad se percibe en el contexto familiar, así como en el sistema escolar, donde el único espacio para estos sujetos están dentro de la ciencia clases en la prerrogativa del contexto biológico sin pensar y consideraciones a los enfoques históricos, la sexualidad socio-cultural y afectiva. En este contexto, esta tesis trató de comprender las concepciones de los adolescentes y estudiantes adolescentes sobre la sexualidad, la identificación de las diferentes formas de acceso a este conocimiento, la localización de las inherentes a los adultos de referencia. Se trata de una investigación cuantitativa -qualitative celebrado con estudiantes adolescentes en la escuela primaria municipal de Belo Jardim - Pernambuco y la red estatal y Uruguaiana - Rio Grande do Sul, de noviembre de 2014 y abril de 2015. Participantes temas tratados 38 adolescentes varones y mujeres estudiantes con edades comprendidas entre 10-16 años. Para la recolección de datos, se utilizó un cuestionario que se aplica sólo después de la firma del Acuerdo de Compromiso, libre e informado - Consentimiento informado por los padres y / o tutores y el Acuerdo de Consentimiento por los adolescentes. Antes de la recolección se llevó a cabo la prueba piloto destinado a probar el instrumento de la encuesta para evaluar la claridad de las preguntas y la eficacia de la herramienta. Los datos recogidos fueron analizados mediante el análisis de contenido de Bardin, con el fin de clasificarlos. Con el resultado del análisis, se hizo evidente que / los adolescentes no son seguros para experimentar su sexualidad plenamente, autónoma y responsable en lugar impregnan el ámbito de las ideas equivocadas de la sexualidad que se asocian exclusivamente a las relaciones sexuales, así como la relación sexual íntima con la única finalidad de la cría. Hemos encontrado que los / las adolescentes todavía tienen dudas y temores acerca de las cuestiones relacionadas con la sexualidad, así como la ignorancia que promuevan su salud y prevenir vulnerabilidades. Encontramos que el desarrollo de la educación sexual en el contexto escolar aún es tímido y el aislamiento de los servicios familiares y de salud, así como poca influencia de los profesionales de la salud en la construcción de concepciones / adolescentes acerca de la sexualidad, promoción de la salud y prevención de enfermedades. Llegamos a la conclusión de que hay vacíos que deben ser llenados, con el objetivo de acceso a más información sobre la salud sexual y reproductiva, la prevención de enfermedades de transmisión sexual y la construcción de una sexualidad libre de prejuicios, dudas y temores.

The theme of sexuality requires courage and a good degree of technical knowledge to address this sensitive topic in the classroom. The theme of sexual orientation is part of the National Curriculum and cross-content and must be worked through all the disciplines, explaining the relationships between the various areas of knowledge. The aim of this study was to understand the perceptions of students and teachers from the municipal public elementary school in Uruguaiana about sex education in school to subsidize the construction and evaluation of a primer on sexuality. The collected data were analyzed using content analysis of Bardin. From the analysis of the results, we found that most of the questions and curiosities of students were related to anatomical and physiological changes, the affection, sexual initiation, sexual identity and sexual orientation, contraception, abortion, teenage pregnancy, types, symptoms and prevention of sexually transmitted diseases and the characterization of sexual violence. We found that sex education was the theme worked in school, depending on the student's needs and interests of the teacher, with students between 6th and 8th grades. Teachers received training to develop the theme in the classroom, with the ease students' interest as the main difficulties and the lack of training, the resistance of colleagues, teachers and lack of family participation in the discussion of this issue. We found that the booklet prepared and evaluated can collaborate in developing this theme, by answering questions, assisting in the introduction and/or development of various topics related to sexuality in school and at home. We note the importance of research regarding the perceptions of adult reference and practice developed in the school, as well as the need for continuing education programs on sexual education in schools for educational and health in partnership between the Department of Education and Secretary of health. We conclude that the work of sex education in school is necessary and important to promote a healthy and responsible interaction between/among teens.
A temática da sexualidade exige coragem e um bom grau de conhecimento técnico para abordar este tema delicado em sala de aula. O tema orientação sexual faz parte dos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais como conteúdo transversal e deve ser trabalhado por todas as disciplinas, explicitando as relações entre as várias áreas do conhecimento. O objetivo deste trabalho foi conhecer as percepções de alunos e professores da rede pública municipal de ensino fundamental de Uruguaiana acerca da educação sexual na escola para subsidiar a construção e avaliação de uma cartilha sobre sexualidade. Os dados coletados foram analisados pela técnica de análise de conteúdo de Bardin. A partir da análise dos resultados, verificamos que a maioria das dúvidas e curiosidades dos alunos estavam relacionadas às mudanças anatômicas e fisiológicas, ao relacionamento afetivo, à iniciação sexual, à identidade sexual e orientação sexual, à contracepção, ao aborto, à gravidez na adolescência, aos tipos, sintomas e prevenção das doenças sexualmente transmissíveis e à caracterização da violência sexual. Constatamos que o tema educação sexual era trabalhado na escola, em função da necessidade do aluno e do interesse do professor, com alunos entre 6ª e 8ª séries. Os professores receberam capacitação para desenvolver o tema em sala de aula, tendo como facilidade o interesse dos alunos e como principais dificuldades a falta de capacitação, a resistência de outros colegas professores e a pouca participação da família na discussão desta temática. Verificamos que a cartilha elaborada e avaliada pode colaborar no desenvolvimento desta temática, através do esclarecimento de dúvidas, auxiliando na introdução e/ou no desenvolvimento de vários temas relacionados à sexualidade tanto na escola quanto em casa. Constatamos a importância de pesquisas referentes às percepções de adultos de referência e a prática desenvolvida na escola, bem como, a necessidade de programas de educação permanente sobre educação sexual na escola para profissionais da educação e da saúde em parceria entre a secretaria de educação e secretaria de saúde. Concluímos que o trabalho de educação sexual na escola é necessário e importante para favorecer um convívio saudável e responsável entre/com os adolescentes.

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This study presents the theoretical development and the application of a model aimed at analysing public policy governance arrangements tha t occur when multiple organizations are involved to tackle complex issues. The following re search question was posed: how does the set of coordination instruments employed in the gov ernance of a cross-cutting policy operate? An exploratory case study about the Bolsa Família Program was conducted, specifically on its dimension related to the coordination between healt h, education and social assistance sectors. Research methods consisted of content analysis of d ocuments and transcripts of semi- structured interviews with key actors of the Progra m in the three policy sectors. Results demonstrate how different governance modes coexist in the multi-level arrangement studied, revealing several coordination elements which opera te concomitantly resulting in a mixed mode of governance. Thus, contributions are made to the improvement of the Program and to the theoretical, methodological and applied develop ment of the governance and coordination concepts, resting demonstrated that it is possible to integrate them in the analysis of cross- cutting public policies.
Este estudo apresenta o desenvolvimento teórico e a aplicação de um modelo voltado à análise de arranjos de governança de políticas públicas que ocorrem quando múltiplas organizações estão envolvidas em lidar com questões complexas. A seguinte pergunta de pesquisa foi proposta: Como opera o conjunto de instrumentos de coordenação empregados na governança de uma política pública transversal? Um estudo de caso exploratório sobre o Programa Bolsa Família foi realizado, especificamente na sua dimensão relacionada à coordenação entre os setores de assistência social, educação e saúde. Os métodos de pesquisa consistiram em análise de conteúdo de documentos e transcrições de entrevistas semiestruturadas com atores-chave do Programa nos três setores de políticas. Os resultados demonstram como diferentes modos de governança coexistem no arranjo multinível estudado, revelando diversos elementos de coordenação cuja operação concomitante resulta em um modo de governança misto. Contribui-se, assim, para o aperfeiçoamento do Programa e para o desenvolvimento teórico, metodológico e aplicado dos conceitos de governança e de coordenação, ficando demonstrado ser possível integrá-los na análise de políticas públicas transversais.

A small proportion of people claim to live and consume in ways they consider more sustainable in social and environmental terms. As yet, we do not know how many exactly, but possibly no more than 5-10% of the population. The thesis intentionally focuses on this minority finding there are at least three reasons why it is interesting to do so. First because they are all but ignored in sociologies of practice in the context of sustainable consumption which considers this minority an insignificance and focuses almost exclusively on 'mainstream' majority which more closely maps onto the stereotype of 'consumer society'. Second because we think we can learn much from juxtapositioning this group empirically against the spectrum of theories of practice to devise more robust and appropriate theoretical explanation of how these subjects, in the context of everyday practice, negotiate the many interpretations and contradictions involved in trying to put 'sustainability' into practice. Third because by understanding them better we can reflect on theoretical, empirical and policy implications for nudging this minority of the population to a higher percentage. The thesis sits at one end of a spectrum of positions in theories of practice applied to consumption, and in particular with a normative interest in sustainable consumption. It aligns with those who seek to re-insert the reflexive agent into accounts of practice, with particular reference to the conceptual construct of the 'citizen-consumer' and the context of political consumption (Spaargaren & Oosterveer 2010). Referring to theories of consumption, the thesis adds perspectives on how people negotiate multiple domains of consumption simultaneously since everyday practice involves interactions across multiple domains (such as eating, mobility, householding); and yet typically in theories of practice these are artificially separated into single domains. The study therefore considers the implications which domains have on how particular practices are carried out, first separately (per domain) and then as they come together (in a cross-cutting domain perspective). The study then takes theories of practice as a springboard to develop a theoretical position and framework which better fits the narrated accounts of the 37 subjects who participated in this study. In iteratively co-developing a theoretical framework and multiple 'stages' of empirical research (using grounded theory methodology) the study seeks to explain theoretically how subjects justify their 'doings' (drawing on 'conventions' and 'orders of worth' (Boltanski & Thévenot 2006)); how they appear to muddle through as best they can (introducing 'bricolage' (Lévi-Strauss 1972)); and how subjects appear to devise decision short-cuts when approaching decisions characterised by the multiple contradictions of sustainable consumption and incomplete or 'too much' information (introducing heuristics (Gigerenzer & Gaissmaier 2011)). In joining calls to re-insert the reflexive agent to account for how, when and why subjects enact changes towards trajectories which they consider 'more sustainable' in their own terms, the study takes inspiration from Margaret Archer's morphogenesis approach (1998) and explores her model of multiple modes of reflexivity, announcing certain modes as 'better fitting' conditions of late modernity. The study finally finds that contrary to a notion of the un-reflexive agent, the citizen-consumer is able to articulate visions of the 'good life'. In addition she is able to fold these visions back onto everyday practices performed in the past, present and future, laying out normative guidelines and positive accounts of how to achieve personal or societal well-being and happiness. The overarching positioning of the study is much inspired by Andrew Sayer's (2011; 2000) 'normative turn' calling upon social sciences to re-instate research into the things about which people care. The study is therefore guided by the overarching question of how people translate their environmental and/or social concerns into the ways in which they live and consume.

La confrontation de la territorialité à l’Union européenne constitue une analyse originale, dans la mesure où la territorialité est traditionnellement exclusivement associée à l’Etat et à la souveraineté. La territorialité se caractérise par une polysémie, véritable « pêché originel » du concept. Elle peut cependant être utilisée à profit, afin de dégager toutes les virtualités de la confrontation entre un système politique en construction et un principe rattaché à l’Etat. En se fondant sur les mutations qui affectent ce dernier, et dans un contexte propice à la globalisation et à l’internationalisation des relations, l’analyse qui se dégage prima facie de cette confrontation tend à démontrer une perte de pertinence de la territorialité au sein de l’Union. Celle-ci s’est en effet construite sur un certain effacement des frontières et la constitution de territoires propres. L’affaiblissement du principe sera ainsi effectivement vérifié. Etudiée sous l’angle des matières publiques, l’étude apporte toutefois une approche transversale nouvelle de la problématique. La mise en contact des systèmes juridiques nationaux engendre des situations transnationales et nécessite l’élaboration de techniques juridiques qui bouleversent les cadres conceptuels nationaux. En outre, l’Union européenne ne constitue pas une entité abstraite, désincarnée ; elle est la créature de ses Etats membres. Elle est donc, dans une certaine mesure, structurée par la territorialité des Etats qui répercutent sur elle, leurs spécificités. Par conséquent, loin de s’inscrire dans des relations simplistes, la confrontation de la territorialité à l’Union européenne aboutit davantage à la démonstration d’une relation dialectique
Juxtaposing the concept of “territoriality” and the European Union is a rather original analysis in so far as territoriality is traditionally associated with the State and with sovereignty. The term "territoriality" in itself, despite its "original sin", that is to say its polysemous feature, can be used favourably to reveal the potential of comparing a political system in the making with a State-related principle. Given the changes that the State is undergoing and the development of globalisation and the internationalization of relations, the comparison between “territoriality” and the EU would indicate, at first sight, that the former loses its relevance within the Union. The EU was indeed built upon the removal of borders and the creation of a “unified” territory. The weakening of territoriality is examined in this study which also offers an original, cross-cutting approach to the topic from a public law perspective. The divergence between the legal systems of each nation results in transnational situations and requires new legal approaches which profoundly alter national frameworks. However, the European Union is not an abstract or unreal entity; it is the product of its Member States, based upon the territoriality of these States, which, to a certain extent, bring their own specificities. Consequently, comparing territoriality and the European Union is more complex than a simplistic understanding of the two concepts may imply and leads more to a demonstration of dialectic tension

Le changement climatique a acquis, durant ces cinquante dernières années, une dimension politique et juridique. En 2009, le Traité de Lisbonne a intégré la lutte contre le changement climatique parmi les objectifs prioritaires de la politique environnementale internationale de l’Union européenne, en reconnaissant la volonté de l’Europe de jouer un rôle de leader mondial dans ce domaine. Cette thèse porte sur la lutte contre le changement climatique en droit de l’Union européenne. Dans la première Partie, nous analyserons tout d’abord l’ambition européenne dans le cadre des négociations internationales, lieu d’émergence de la gouvernance climatique. Puis, nous examinerons le système des compétences de l’UE pour évaluer si ce dernier permet de répondre efficacement aux défis que le changement climatique pose. La seconde Partie porte sur la mise en oeuvre de la politique climatique européenne, en présentant les principaux instruments – notamment le paquet énergie-climat – et en montrant les mécanismes à la disposition de l’Union européenne pour mettre en cohérence cette politique transversale et pour influencer l’action climatique globale par ses mesures internes. Cette analyse aide à la compréhension des apports européens, passés et présents, à la construction d’une gouvernance climatique mondiale efficace. Les caractéristiques spécifiques du changement climatique en font en outre un point d’observation privilégié pour l’étude de certaines dynamiques propres à la construction européenne
Over the last fifty years, climate change has acquired a political and a legal dimension. In 2009, the Lisbon Treaty included combating climate change among the objectives of the European Union’s international environmental policy, demonstrating the will of the EU to play a leading global role in this domain. This thesis studies the development of the fight against climate change in EU law. In Part I we analyse European ambitions within the framework of international negotiations, where climate governance originally emerged. Then, we examine the European system of competence in order to better understand whether or not it actually serves as the most effective approach to tackling climate change issues. Part II concerns the implementation of the EU climate change policy. Here, we present its main instruments, i.e. the climate and energy package, and examine the mechanisms that the EU uses to give coherence to this cross-cutting policy and influence global climate action by way of internal measures taken. Our analysis furthers the understanding of European contributions, both past and present, to the construction of effective international climate governance. Moreover, the subject of climate change, a major global challenge with an array of specific characteristics, provides us with a privileged point of view to examine several dynamics of the construction of European integration

The aim of this final thesis was static protection for castle in Miroslavské Knínice. It was necessary to explore several respects and find signs of violation. Next analyze and propose suitable assurance of individual parts. Separe into the stages of construction and to consider the proposal in terms of ensuring the resistance of materials. Finally create a detailed documentation in the range suitable for performance. Based on engineering geology and visual survey was designed horizontal bracing prestressing cables at three levels. The first level "A" consists of a closed circuit of prestressed reinforced concrete passports, supplemented by the cross and construction of prestressed reinforced concrete passports. Next level "B,C" is used to secure the top of the building. Levels “B,C” are proposed using prestressed cable in spare cable channels.

This project deals with increasing efficiency of one phase induction motor with permanent split capacitor. We can whole thesis divide into two parts, the first one is basic and the second is interested in analysis and measurement. First part handles with construction of single phase induction motor, explanation of function principle, start and run of motor. Calculating of efficiency including type of losses, which reduce efficiency. Second part concerns analysis losses including moment load characteristic, motor measurement while rotor is locked, with no load operation, measuring mechanical and additional losses. Further there will be measured useful values for creation model for simulation (reactance of windings etc.). Than will be the model created in ANSYS Maxwell with module RMxprt. After analytic calculation in RMxprt and using Finite Element Method (FEM) load characteristics will be compared together. This comparison gives us information about accuracy of model for simulation. Simulation and measurement will be carried out on another engine with high quality ferromagnetic material used for magnetic circuit of motor. Further will be done simulation of motor with modifications shown in previous chapter for high efficiency.

Energy and water resources share an important interdependency. Large quantities of energy are required to move, purify, heat, and pressurize water, while large volumes of water are necessary to extract primary energy, refine fuels, and generate electricity. This relationship, commonly referred to as the energy-water nexus, can introduce vulnerabilities to energy and water services when insufficient access to either resource inhibits access to the other. It also creates areas of opportunity, since water conservation can lead to energy conservation and energy conservation can reduce water demand. This dissertation analyzes both sides of the energy-water nexus by (1) quantifying the extent of the relationship between these two resources and (2) identifying strategies for synergistic conservation. It is organized into two prevailing themes: the energy consumed for water services and the water used in the power sector. In Chapter 2, a national assessment of United States' energy consumption for water services is described. This assessment is the first to quantify energy embedded in water at the national scale with a methodology that differentiates consistently between primary and secondary uses of energy for water. The analysis indicates that energy use in the residential, commercial, industrial, and power sectors for direct water and steam services was approximately 12.3 quadrillion BTU or 12.6% of 2010 annual primary energy consumption in the United States. Additional energy was used to generate steam for indirect process heating, space heating, and electricity generation. Chapter 3 explores the potential energy and emissions reductions that might follow regional shifts in residential water heating technologies. Results suggest that the scale of energy and emissions benefits derived from shifts in water heating technologies depends on regional characteristics such as climate, electricity generation mix, water use trends, and population demographics. The largest opportunities for energy and emissions reductions through changes in water heating approaches are in locations with carbon dioxide intensive electricity mixes; however, these are generally areas that are least likely to shift toward more environmentally advantageous devices. In Chapter 4, water withdrawal and consumption rates for 310 electric generation units in Texas are incorporated into a unit commitment and dispatch model of ERCOT to simulate water use at the grid scale for a baseline 2011 case. Then, the potential for water conservation in the power generation sector is explored. Results suggest that the power sector might be a viable target for cost-effective reductions in water withdrawals, but reductions in water consumption are more difficult and more expensive to target.
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This dissertation seeks to improve our understanding of the process by which citizens' selective exposure contributes to attitudinal polarization and engagement in political activities. In this dissertation, I test two models that explicate the relationship between selective exposure and political polarization and participation. The knowledge model suggests that the effects of selective exposure on individuals' attitudinal polarization and political engagement are mediated by knowledge of candidate issue stances. The stereotype model proposes that selective exposure indirectly influences polarized attitudes and political participation via stereotypical perceptions of candidates (i.e., McCain's age and the prospect of a Black presidency). By posing issue knowledge and stereotypical perceptions as potential mediators, this study extends current literature to analyze why and how selective exposure leads to polarization and political participation. The results provide evidence that selective exposure influences individuals' stereotypical perceptions of the candidates' age and race, and these stereotypic perceptions influence attitudinal polarization and participation in campaign activities. There was no support for the knowledge model; selective exposure did not have a significant relationship with citizens' issue knowledge nor did it play a mediating role in the relationship between selective exposure and political polarization and participation. This dissertation thus challenges the argument that selective exposure is normatively desirable due to its contribution to citizens' greater levels of political participation. The findings of this study call into question such a contention because the results show that individuals who engage in selective exposure are motivated to participate in political activities by forming stereotypic perceptions of candidates rather than by gaining factual issue knowledge, which is in contrast to democratic theories' assumptions of informed citizenship. Turning to the role of exposure to dissonant media outlets, two contrasting roles were found. On one hand, results offer some evidence that dissonant media use contributes to gaining issue knowledge and inspiring citizen participation. On the other hand, some findings suggest that it reinforces, rather than attenuates, citizens' attitudinal polarization and stereotypical perceptions of candidates. Thus the findings from this study offer mixed support for encouraging citizen exposure to dissimilar viewpoints.
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碩士
國立政治大學
國際傳播英語碩士學位學程(IMICS)
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The emergence of social networking sites (SNSs) has widened forms and chances of political participation. SNSs enable people to connect with diverse users and disseminate user-generated content. Therefore, through interpersonal communication, individuals are more likely to encounter cross- cutting perspectives and cultivate opinion leadership. Research about the association between informational use of SNSs and participatory behaviors tend to yield a positive relationship. Scholars further recognize interpersonal discussion as an integral factor affecting the relationship, which is consistent with the communication mediation model (CMM). Adopting the CMM as the research framework, this study examines two characteristics related to people’s discussion on social networks which are believed to affect the potential influence of informational SNS use—cross- cutting discussion and perceived opinion leadership. Using the 2015 Taiwan National Communication Survey (TCS) dataset, this study find that Facebook information receiving is a significant positive predictor of expressive political participation and social movement participation. In addition to the main effect, significant interaction effects between Facebook information receiving and perceived opinion leadership are also identified. Moreover, the impact of Facebook use on political/ social movement participation is stronger for individuals who perceived a higher level of opinion leadership. The findings suggest that characteristics of one’s online social networks can affect the role SNSs plays in shaping people’s political engagement.

The topic of the thesis is an analysis of cross-cutting themes (within citizenship education) in the ŠVP in two primary schools in Kaplice. The theoretical part deals with the themes: RVP ZV, ŠVP, key competencies, cross-curricular topics and teaching project. The practical part of the thesis deals with the characteristics of elementary schools, analysis of cross-cutting themes and creating a design teaching project.

It is known that the support provided by MATLAB for module decomposition is limited. Such limitations give rise to code symptoms, which can be explored for the development of techniques for the detection of concerns, namely unmodularised concerns. Recent work in the area of concern detection in MATLAB systems identified several recurring code patterns that can be associated to the presence of specific concerns. Some of the concerns detected proved to be unmodularised: they cut across the MATLAB system’s modular decomposition. The techniques already developed for detecting unmodularised concerns in MATLAB systems still lack precision and accuracy. As proposed in previous work, the techniques and tools for pinpointing and representing concern-detection patterns need maturing. This thesis contributes with a more accurate structure for representing MATLAB code bases in an intelligent repository for MATLAB code, developed prior to this work. It perfects the structure representing MATLAB code on which the repository is based, by refining the notion of code block, and collects code patterns found in previous publications aggregating them into a catalogue. Subsequently, a preliminary study is made on the application of codes of blocks for the detection of concerns, validating previous concern related patterns and evaluate the existence of new ones.

This diploma thesis with the name "The process and result of negotiation of various actors over the form of media education: case study of Grammar School in Trinec" is dealing with media education and its realization at Grammar School in Trinec. The theoretical part will describe various definitions of media literacy as a result of media education. It will explore the development of media education in Europe and in the Czech Republic and it will analyze various approaches to the realization of media education. The thesis will also mention some researches made in last years in the Czech Republic that dealt with media education or media literacy. The practical part will continue after the theoretical part and it will deal with the realization of media education at Grammar School in Trinec. It will not just be about simple description of the condition of media education at that school. The goal is to focus on factors that come into the process of negotiation over the form of media education. The author will try to find out how individual actors communicate with each other and what is their interest in media education. Thanks to qualitative research and a combination of various techniques of data collection the author will seek to uncover connections and as a result she hopes to understand the whole...

The diploma thesis focuses on integration of the Cross-Cutting Theme of Media Education in the English language teaching at grammar schools. The theoretical part defines the concept of media, incorporates Media Education in the Czech educational environment and presents its thematic areas. Further on, the thesis deals with educational fields of the Framework Education Programme and the common reference levels B1 and B2 according to The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages. The thesis also focuses on the methodical approach of the teaching of Media Education, then on the educational sources and the system of the approval clauses for English language textbooks of the Ministery of Education. The practical part deals with analysis of the English language textbooks for secondary general education and their activities that focus on Media Education. Then the practical part presents the corpus of suggested activities created on the basis of recommended expected outcomes of Media Education and their integration in the English language teaching at grammar schools.

Relatório de estágio de mestrado em Educação Pré-Escolar e Ensino do 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico
O presente estudo, intitulado O papel do Ecocurrículo na construção de competências transversais na Educação Pré-Escolar e no 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico, foi desenvolvido no âmbito da Prática de Ensino Supervisionada no Jardim de Infância, num grupo formado por 25 crianças e, no 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico, numa turma do 3.º ano constituída por 27 alunos, no concelho de Celorico de Basto. Trata-se de um relatório de investigação, no qual analisamos os conceitos e as ideias-chave referentes à integração curricular, definindo-se os objetivos de ação e de investigação em concomitância com as especificidades do contexto. Deste modo, após a fase diagnóstica delimitamos o campo de investigação, delineando as opções metodológicas que permitiram o desenvolvimento de competências transversais por parte dos dois grupos de crianças. Atente-se que as estratégias implementadas apresentam a confluência de abordagens metodológicas como o trabalho de projeto, a aprendizagem cooperativa e o projeto curricular integrado por permitirem uma abordagem plural, isto é, promovem um conhecimento em rede no qual as crianças têm um papel ativo, estabelecendo-se nexos de significatividade e funcionalidade entre as aprendizagens, integrando-as e transferindo-as para os diferentes sistemas que frequentam/habitam. Pretende-se, assim, que estas aprendizagens contribuam para a formação de cidadãos conscientes, informados e pró-ativos, construindo conhecimentos em espiral, ou seja, os conteúdos e competências possuem uma dimensão concetual, procedimental e atitudinal que se complementam. A metodologia de investigação-ação orientou ciclos sistemáticos de observação, planificação, ação e reflexão, com o intuito de melhorar a qualidade no processo de ensinoaprendizagem e, simultaneamente, garantiu a construção metacognitiva do perfil profissional do educador, professor e investigador.
The present study entitled The Role of the Ecocurriculum in the construction of transversal competences both in Preschool and 1st Cycle of Basic Education, was developed within the scope of a Supervised Pedagogical Practice in a Kindergarten, to a group of 25 children, and in the 1st. Cycle of Basic Education, to a 3rd grade class of 27 students, in the municipality of Celorico de Basto. This is a research report, in which are analysed concepts and key ideas associated to curriculum integration, defining action and research objectives related with the specificities of the context. Hence, following the diagnosis phase, the research scope was circumscribed to outline methodological options that would allow the development of transversal competences by both groups of children. The strategies implemented pointed towards merging methodological approaches such as the project work, cooperative learning and integrated curriculum design, as they allow a plural approach, that is to say, they promote network knowledge in which children play an active role establishing meaningful and functional links between learning methods, integrating and transferring them to the different systems they attend/inhabit. Therefore, this learning process aims to help develop conscious, informed and proactive citizens by building a spiral knowledge, namely contents and skills that share complementary conceptual, procedural and attitudinal dimensions. The research/action methodology was guided by systematic cycles of observation, planning, action and reflection, in order to improve the quality of the teaching-learning process, simultaneously granting the metacognitive construction of the professional profile of the educator, teacher and researcher.

The diploma thesis deals with one of the cross-cutting issues in RVP ZV. It is devoted to the education which results in active citizenship in a democracy. A theoretical part is related to the following topics: education for citizenship, curriculum reform, core competencies, education for democratic citizenship and civics textbooks. A practical part contains a unique survey about the education for democratic citizenship at secondary school and worksheet drafts, which lead to anticipated results in such education.

Dissertação de Mestrado em Gestão da Informação e Bibliotecas Escolares apresentada à Universidade Aberta
O volume de informação tem aumentado exponencialmente nos últimos anos, exigindo dos cidadãos competências essenciais ao seu tratamento. Esta competência é, habitualmente, sintetizada no termo literacia e refere-se, de um modo geral, à capacidade de processamento da informação através da palavra, escrita ou oral. No entanto, o século XXI afirma-se, cada vez mais, através de outras formas de representação e expressão simbólica, designadamente aquelas que decorrem do contexto comunicacional do mundo contemporâneo, fortemente marcado pela proliferação da imagem. Assim, a capacidade de interpretar, conferir sentido e comunicar com imagens tornam a literacia visual uma componente educativa que deve ser reforçada em todos os níveis de ensino e à qual não pode ser alheia a biblioteca escolar, enquanto estrutura pedagógica de promoção de competências essenciais ao exercício de uma cidadania participada e de estratégias de ensino partilhado entre os docentes. Porém, as competências de literacia visual não podem ser treinadas em abstrato, pois a interpretação e a construção de sentidos varia de acordo com o contexto de produção e receção das imagens. Existem muitos estudos, maioritariamente orientados para a infância, que provam que as imagens presentes em álbuns ilustrados, onde o curto texto estabelece com elas uma relação de interdependência, têm a capacidade de mobilizar os alunos para a compreensão de temáticas e conceitos que, de outra forma, dificilmente seriam capazes de desconstruir. Este trabalho apresenta um estudo de caso com alunos do 9º ano, a partir de três álbuns ilustrados sobre o Holocausto, demonstrando que este tipo de obras, com um certo grau de sofisticação, se constitui como um recurso valioso para professores e professores bibliotecários que pretendam desenvolver nos alunos o pensamento crítico e uma aproximação positiva à leitura.
The volume of information has been increasing exponentially in the past years, demanding essential competences regarding its treatment by people. This ability is commonly referred to as literacy and can be broadly understood as the capacity one has for processing information through words, either written or spoken. However, the XXI century has been expressing itself increasingly through other forms of representation and symbolic expression, namely those that arise from the contemporary communicational context, which is strongly influenced by the pervasiveness of the image. Therefore, the need to able to interpret, give meaning to and communicate through images makes visual literacy so important that visual education must be reinforced. At the same time, the school library as a pedagogic structure for promoting capabilities which are essential to the fulfillment of a participative citizenship, as well as education strategies to be shared by teachers. Visual literacy competences cannot, however, be honed in the abstract, as the interpretation and construction of meanings differ according to the context of the creation and assimilation of the images. There are many studies, mostly oriented towards childhood literacy, that demonstrate that the images on picture books, where they are complemented by short texts, allow students to apprehend concepts and themes that would otherwise be beyond their understanding. This dissertation features a case study with 9th grade students, based on three picture books pertaining the Holocaust, that shows that this genre of literature, which is actually quite sophisticated, is a valuable resource for teachers and teacher librarians who wish to develop critical thinking and a positive approach to reading on their students.

The thesis focuses on the characteristics of the current the qualification teachers of civics and current state of this course. The theoretical part will be explained the basic concepts: competence, approbation, cross-cutting themes, textbook civics, civics in General education program. Empirical research will be carried out quantitatively by questionnaire. The aim is to ascertain the qualifications of current teachers in Vysočina. Furthermore, this work investigates how these teachers are satisfied with the educational content of the subject civics.

The aim of this diploma thesis, which is entitled "Media education in Czech lessons in secondary schools", is to map out the current state of integration of a cross-sectional theme named Media Education into the Czech lessons of all kinds of high schools in the Czech Republic. The educational process is seen from the perspectives of all its participants. The thesis should bring the list of excerpted scientific texts and research dealing with the object of our interest. And it also aims to describe the interfaces of both educational subjects which emerge from the requirements for the students. The research part is aimed at providing the informations about the particular signs of media education in the obligatory school subject of Czech lessons as well as the success of this effort to increase media literacy by the high school students. This information should be collected by a content analyses of school curricular documents, interviews and questionnaires of both sides of the educational process.The work also brings an analyses of teaching materials represented by Czech lesson textbooks, which are evaluated according to the integration of our cross-sectional theme and its possibilities. The output of this thesis is the suggestion of our own didactic instrument, the didactic test.

Nowadays, the extensive transformation of the whole school system is taking place in our society. School curriculum is introduced into all primary schools since September 2007. This diploma thesis is focused on accumulated experience of primary schools with the creation of school curriculum and the first practical experience with its implementation The first part of this thesis is devoted to the history of Czech education reforms, defines the basic terminology, discusses the different parts of general educational program and describes the creation of school curriculum. Another part is devoted to the research where we compare the experience of some primary schools with the creation and the implementation of school curriculum. In this case, it is used the method of questionnares and observation. The research is mainly focused on the problems of its own making and implementation.