Relevant bibliographies by topics / Cross-flow fluidized bed

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Book chapters
  4. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Cross-flow fluidized bed'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2025
Last updated: 23 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Cross-flow fluidized bed"

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Jading, Abadi, Eduard Tethool, Paulus Payung, and Sarman Gultom. "KARAKTERISTIK FISIKOKIMIA PATI SAGU HASIL PENGERINGAN SECARA FLUIDISASI MENGGUNAKAN ALAT PENGERING CROSS FLOW FLUIDIZED BED BERTENAGA SURYA DAN BIOMASSA." Reaktor 13, no. 3 (2011): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/reaktor.13.3.155-164.

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PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SAGO STARCH OBTAINED FROM FLUIDIZED BED DRYING USING SOLAR AND BIOMASS POWERED CROSS FLOW FLUIDIZED BED DRYER. The research aim is to study the comparative quality of sago starch drying results using cross flow fluidized bed dryer powered by solar and biomass in conventional drying, particularly the chemical composition and physicochemical characteristics. This research was conducted through a drying phase of wet sago starch using a cross flow fluidized bed dryer, and drying in conventional as well as dried sago starch quality testing results are drying. The results of this study indicate that dry sago starch which has been drained by means of cross flow fluidized bed dryer has a chemical composition that does not vary much with starch which is dried by conventional drying, so that the dried sago starch produced by the dryer is very good. On the other hand the use of dryers is the more correct because the physicochemical properties of sago starch using a low drying temperature and drying time is short. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mempelajari perbandingan kualitas pati sagu hasil pengeringan menggunakan alat pengering cross flow fluidized bed bertenaga surya dan biomassa dengan pengeringan secara konvensional, khususnya komposisi kimia dan karakteristik fisikokimia. Penelitian ini dilakukan melalui beberapa tahapan yaitu pengeringan pati sagu basah menggunakan alat pengering cross flow fluidized bed, pengeringan secara konvensional serta pengujian kualitas pati sagu kering hasil pengeringan. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pati sagu kering yang telah dikeringkan dengan alat pengering cross flow fluidized bed memiliki komposisi kimia yang tidak berbeda jauh dengan pati yang dikeringkan dengan cara pengeringan secara konvensional, sehingga pati sagu kering yang dihasilkan oleh alat pengering tersebut sangat baik. Di sisi lain penggunaan alat pengering ini semakin memperbaiki sifat fisikokimia pati sagu sebab menggunakan suhu pengeringan yang rendah dan waktu pengeringan yang singkat. Kata Kunci: pengering unggun terfluidakan; fisikokimia; pati sagu
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Jayarathna, Chameera K., Michael Balfe, Britt M. E. Moldestad, and Lars-Andre Tokheim. "Improved multi-stage cross-flow fluidized bed classifier." Powder Technology 342 (January 2019): 621–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2018.10.026.

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Sopornonnarit, Somchart, Somkiat prachayawarakorn, and Ornanong Sripawaatakul. "Development of Cross-Flow Fluidized Bed Paddy Dryer." Drying Technology 14, no. 10 (1996): 2397–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07373939608917212.

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Ramli, Wan, and Wan Daud. "A Cross-Flow Model for Continuous Plug Flow Fluidized-Bed Cross-Flow Dryers." Drying Technology 25, no. 7-8 (2007): 1229–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07373930701438618.

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Jading, Abadi, Paulus Payung, and Reniana Reniana. "KAJIAN TEKNIS-EKONOMIS ALAT PENGERING PATI SAGU MODEL CROSS FLOW VIBRO FLUIDIZED BED (Study on Technical-Economic of Sago Starch Dryer Model of Cross Flow Vibro Fluidized Bed)." Jurnal Agritech 34, no. 04 (2015): 448. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/agritech.9440.

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The purpose of this research was to evaluate performance of vibro cross flow fluidized bed dryer using biomass fuel for drying sago starch. The phase of research were evaluation of dryer heated by a biomass stove using coconut shell as a fuel and observation of the drying temperature, moisture content, drying time, energy analysis, and drying effiviency, as well as calculation of its economic analysis. The dryer has dimension of 200x50x1500 cm for length, width, hight, respectively, and working capacity of 35kg/process. The results showed that biomass fuel consumption for drying sago starch for 7 hours was 12740,00 MJ (70 kg/process) and electricity consumption for blower and vibrator was 37,80 MJ. Furthermore, the dryer reduced moisture content of sago starch from 42% (wb) to 12% (wb) with temperature in the vibrator chamber of 40-60 oC and relative humidity of 50%, as well as ambient temperature of 30 3C and drying efficiency of 46,02%. Economic analysis showed that the dryer had NPV of Rp. 16.002.858, BCR of 1,53, IRR of 35%, and PBP of 3,51 years.Keywords: Cross flow, vibro fluidized bed dryer, biomass stoves, sago starch, financial analysis ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini adalah melakukan pengujian terhadap alat pengering pati berbasis sagu model cross flow vibrofluidized bed bertenaga biomassa. Tahapan penelitian meliputi pengujian alat pengering menggunakan tungku biomassa berbahan bakar tempurung kelapa dengan melakukan pengamatan suhu selama pengeringan, penurunan kadar air, waktu pengeringan, kebutuhan energi, efisiensi pengering, dan analisis finansial. Konstruksi alat pengering pati sagu model vibro fluidized bed bertenaga biomassa berukuran panjang, lebar dan tinggi masing-masing (200x50x1500) cm, serta memiliki daya tampung atau kapasitas maksimum pati sagu basah 35 kg/proses. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa alat pengering ini mampu mengeringkan pati sagu selama 7 jam, dengan konsumsi bahan bakar tempurung kelapa sebanyak 70 kg/proses (1274MJ), kebutuhan daya listrik untuk tenaga blower dan vibrator(37,80 MJ), serta mampu menurunkan kadar air pati sagu dari 42%bb menjadi 12%bb dengan suhu dalam ruang vibrator adalah 40-60 oC, RH 50%, suhu lingkungan 30C dan efisiensi pemanasan (pengeringan) 46,02%.Hasil analisis finansial menunjukan bahwa investasi alat pengering vibro fluidized bedsangat layak dilaksanakan berdasarkan kriteria NPV = Rp. 16.002.858, BCR= 1,53, IRR= 35%, dan PBP tertutupi setelah 3,51 tahun. Kata kunci: Aliran silang, vibro fluidized bed dryer, tungku biomassa, pati sagu, analisis finansial
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Mikulášek, Petr. "Effect of Fluidized Bed on Permeate Flux in Ceramic Membrane Cross-Flow Microfiltration." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 60, no. 12 (1995): 2074–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19952074.

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The microfiltration of a model fluid on an α-alumina microfiltration tubular membrane in the presence of a fluidized bed has been examined. Following the description of the basic characteristic of alumina tubular membranes, model dispersion and spherical particles used, some comments on the experimental system and experimental results for different microfiltration systems are presented. From the analysis of experimental results it may be concluded that the use of turbulence-promoting agents resulted in a significant increase of permeate flux through the membrane. It was found out that the optimum porosity of fluidized bed for which the maximum values of permeate flux were reached is approximately 0.8.
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Soponronnarit, Somchart, Mustafa Yapha, and Somkiat Pracbayawarakorn. "Cross-Flow Fluidized Bed Paddy Dryer: Prototype and Commercialization." Drying Technology 13, no. 8-9 (1995): 2207–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07373939508917075.

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Wang, Sheng Dian, Xue Yao Wang, Xiang Xu, and Yun Han Xiao. "Flow Phenomena in the Riser of a Circulating Fluidized Bed." Advanced Materials Research 516-517 (May 2012): 906–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.516-517.906.

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Numerical simulation of gas-solid two-phase flows in circulating fluidized bed is proved to be a low-cost and high-efficient method to research the instability essence of flow character. In this work, numerical simulation based on the discrete element (DEM) method is applied to analyze behaviors in a rectangular cross-section fluidized bed. The models of physical and mathematical models are introduced in detail, and the schematic of DEM method also described clearly. It indicates that the DEM method may be used as a powerful tool for the simulation of the gas-solid flow.
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Vogtenhuber, Hannes, Dominik Pernsteiner, and René Hofmann. "Experimental and Numerical Investigations on Heat Transfer of Bare Tubes in a Bubbling Fluidized Bed with Respect to Better Heat Integration in Temperature Swing Adsorption Systems." Energies 12, no. 14 (2019): 2646. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12142646.

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In this paper experimental and numerical investigations on heat transfer within a bubbling fluidized bed will be presented with respect to better heat integration in continuous temperature swing adsorption (TSA) processes for biogas upgrading. In the literature, mainly heat transfer measurements with glass or sand particles are carried out, thus special reference measurements with adsorbent material in a fluidized bed are missing. Therefore firstly, a series of experiments were carried out in the fluidized bed test facility to obtain heat transfer coefficients between tube surface and bed which were then compared to calculated heat transfer coefficients to determine whether suitable models were available. Horizontal bare tubes with different arrangements (i.e., single tubes and especially tube bundles) are immersed in fluidized amine layered particles with a mean diameter of 650 μ m which are used in the adsorption industry as adsorbent. The test facility enables a cross-current flow of the solids and gas phase as it prevails in a multi-stage fluidized bed reactor for TSA-applications. The heat transfer measurements with different arrangements and adsorbent material show very similar values in the range of 200 W/m 2 K. The mathematical model for single tubes multiplied by a tube diameter factor shows approximate agreement with the experimental results. However, the mathematical models for tube bundles were not able to predict the measured heat transfer coefficients with the required accuracy. Secondly, a computer fluid dynamics (CFD) program was used to perform a numerical investigation of the test facility using the Euler–Euler method in order to describe the required two-phase characteristic of a fluidized bed. The results of the numerical simulation were compared and validated with the experimental results. Bubbling fluidized bed flow regimes could be reproduced well but the heat transfer coefficients between tube and bed were clearly underestimated. However, a numerical study for a bubbling fluidized bed with external circulation, as used in novel continuous TSA systems, could be carried out and thus a tool for better heat integration measures was developed.
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Wu, Zhen-Qun, Hui Jin, Yi-Fei Ren, and Lie-Jin Guo. "Investigation on drag coefficient of supercirtical water cross-flow past cylinder biomass particel at low Reynolds numbers." Thermal Science 22, Suppl. 2 (2018): 383–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci170804250w.

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The supercritical water gasification of biomass technology is a promising approach for the efficient and clean conversion of wet-biomass to hydrogen-rich gas production. Many of the biomass materials are of rodlike shape and gasified in supercritical water fluidized bed. So the particle-fluid two-phase flow behaviors insider supercritical water fluidized bed are of great importance. Constrained by the extreme operating condition, numerical methods, such as the Euler-Euler method and Euler-Lagrange method, are used to study the flow behaviors inside the supercritical water fluidized bed. As the accuracy of these methods are depended on the drag force model and there is little investigation on that at supercritical condition, this work is focused on the drag coefficient of cylinder biomass particle with different ratio of length to diameter. The simulated results show that there is no differ- ence for the drag coefficient of a certain particle at different condition when the Reynolds number is same. The variation tendency of the pressure and viscous drag coefficient with Reynolds number and the ratio of length to diameter is also given in this paper.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cross-flow fluidized bed"

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Lee, Tong Hoon. "Evaporating cross flow spray jets in gas-solid circulating fluidized bed." Thesis, 2005. http://library1.njit.edu/etd/fromwebvoyage.cfm?id=njit-etd2005-076.

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Book chapters on the topic "Cross-flow fluidized bed"

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Siegell, Jeffrey H., J. Carl Pirkle, and Gerald D. Dupre. "Cross-Flow Magnetically Stabilized Fluidized Bed Chromatography." In Preparative and Production Scale Chromatography. CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780367811150-9.

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Conference papers on the topic "Cross-flow fluidized bed"

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Tossavainen, Ville, Reijo Karvinen, and Matti Ylitalo. "Modeling Air Jet Penetration Into Gas-Particle Suspension Cross Flow." In 17th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fbc2003-012.

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In the paper, numerical modeling of air jet mixing in gas–particle suspension is discussed. The theory on which the modeling is based on is presented and to get a reliable opinion of its capability as a boiler design tool, the results are compared with those obtained experimentally in a cold pilot boiler. Based on the research on the pilot unit, the modeling seems to give reliable results. The modeling has also been applied to a full-scale boiler.
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Li, Hong-Shun, Yi-Jun Wang, and Shi-Ping Jin. "Solids Flow Pattern in the Bottom Zone of a Rectangular Cross-Section Circulating Fluidized Bed." In 17th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fbc2003-043.

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Solids flow pattern in the bottom zone of a rectangular cross-section CFB was investigated by using hot particles as the tracer. The experiments were carried out in a cold model circulating fluidized bed. The riser has an inner cross-section of 0.3 m by 0.5 m and a height of 5.8 m. The solids were returned into the riser at a height of 0.75 m above the air distributor within an angle of about 40 degree. Quartz sand was used as the bed material. The hot particles were also quartz sand but with a little smaller size. Specially designed miniature electrically heating devices were installed flush with the inner bed wall or inside the bed. At each run, about 10–15 cm3 hot particles were slowly pulled into the bed. The temperature response around the device was measured with four copper-constantan thermocouples. Based on the experimental results, a 3-D core-annulus model describing the solids flow pattern in the bottom zone of the CFB riser is proposed.
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Johansson, Andreas, Filip Johnsson, and Bengt-A˚ke Andersson. "The Performance of a Scaled-Down Fluidized Loop Seal." In 17th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fbc2003-051.

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This work investigates the solids cross flow in a super-heater tube bundle immersed in the loop seal of a cold CFB unit. The loop seal and the tube bundle are scaled to a 1/3rd of the size of a loop seal and a super-heater located in a 30 MWth CFB boiler. The simplified scaling laws proposed by Glicksman et al. [1] are applied to the flow in the seal. The loop seal was built into an existing CFB unit with riser dimensions 0.7 m × 0.12 m × 8.5 m. The riser is not scaled but the pressure distribution in the CFB loop is similar to that in the boiler. The solids flow through the tube bundle was studied by means of visual observations, pressure drop and tube-temperatures, corresponding to the overall heat transfer rate to each tube. The loop seal was operated under various conditions, including those typical for the boiler. Thus, the recirculation flux of solids through the loop seal, as well as the fluidization velocity in the seal, were varied. In addition, the fraction of the bottom area that is fluidized was varied. The overall flow behavior of the CFB loop with the scaled loop seal was found to be similar to that of the boiler. The temperature measurements showed that the heat transfer rate to the tubes in the bundle differed depending on operating conditions and on the position of the tube, both laterally and vertically. The recirculation flux could be maintained with a substantial decrease of the fluidization flow in the seal compared to the conditions corresponding to full load in the boiler. In addition, it was possible to significantly decrease the fraction of the bottom of the seal that was fluidized. However, if the area beneath the tube bundle is not fluidized, the heat transfer rate to the tubes decreased.
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Luecke, Karsten, Ernst-Ulrich Hartge, and Joachim Werther. "Modeling of Solids and Gas Mixing Effects in Large-Scale CFB Combustors." In 17th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fbc2003-028.

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In a CFB combustor the reacting solids are locally fed into the combustion chamber. These reactants have to be dispersed across the reactor’s cross-sectional area. Since the rate of mixing is limited this leads to a mal-distribution of the reactants and to locally varying reaction conditions. In order to describe the influence of mixing a three-dimensional model of the combustion chamber is suggested here. The model is divided into three sub-topics. First, the flow structure in terms of local gas and solids velocities and solids volume concentrations is described. Second, mixing of the solids and the gas phase has to be quantified by defining dispersion coefficients, and finally the combustion process itself, i.e. the reaction kinetics, has to be modeled. Employing the information of the three sub-models mass balances for the reactants at each finite control volume inside the CFB combustion chamber can be formulated. The model was validated against data from measurements in the large-scale combustor of Chalmers University of Technology in Go¨teborg/Sweden. Concentration gradients concerning the char phase are only moderate. However, the spatial distribution of the oxygen shows strong non-uniformities, especially under conditions of staged combustion. In further predictive calculations, the influence of the fuel supply arrangement on the emissions of industrial sized CFB boilers was studied. Furthermore, the influence of the fuel composition on the feeding technique has been examined. High volatile fuels tend to form plumes of unburned hydrocarbons near the fuel feed point, and might therefore need more feed points per square meter cross-section area. Since the average gas residence time in the primary cyclone of a CFB plant is about 30–40% of the total gas residence time, a considerable burn-off of not completely oxidized gas species may occur here. An effectively used cyclone may remedy to a certain extent the negative impacts of incomplete mixing in the combustion chamber.
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Gan, Subhadeep, and Donald E. Beasley. "Hydrodynamics of Pulse-Stabilized Fluidization at Incipient Fluidization." In ASME 1999 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1999-1220.

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Abstract A laboratory scale experimental facility which models a Pulsed Atmospheric Fluidized Bed Combustor (PAFBC) has been developed; this facility is designed to examine the effect of an opposing secondary flow having an oscillatory component on a bubbling fluidized bed. The secondary flow is oriented in a vertical direction. The secondary flow is introduced into the bubbling bed through a tailpipe that extends through the bed and ends just above the porous polyethylene distributor. A pulsed flow simulator that employs a small displacement of a relatively large piston with variable drive radius and speed provides the oscillatory component of the secondary flow. The fluidized bed test section has a cross-sectional flow area of 30.5 by 30.5 cm with a height of 53 cm. Heat exchanger surfaces are modeled by two symmetric horizontal cylinders housed in the test section. The following test parameters are controlled: the primary flow rate, the mean secondary flow rate, the pulsation frequency and the amplitude of the secondary flow. Pressure taps are located just above the distributor and in the freeboard region to measure overall bed pressure drop. The facility is operated with a range of particles from 345 μm to 715 μm and a range of superficial fluidization velocities corresponding to the bubble flow regime. Fluidization curves were generated for traditional fluidization, using the primary flow through the porous distributor, with both primary and a steady secondary flow, and with primary and a pulsed secondary flow. Significant departures from the linear Darcy flow curves in the fixed bed region were observed, and attributed to significant local fluidization. Time resolved measurements of the overall bed pressure drop clearly indicate phase-locking behavior of the overall bed pressure drop with imposed frequency. Bubbles formed in pulse-stabilized fluidization are significantly smaller than in traditional fluidization, as observed through video recording of the present bed.
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Noymer, Peter D., and Leon R. Glicksman. "Measurements of Cluster-Wall Contact Times in a Scale-Model Circulating Fluidized Bed." In ASME 1996 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1996-0767.

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Abstract One of the mechanisms of heat transfer at the wall of the riser in a circulating fluidized-bed (CFB) is conduction from the clusters of material moving adjacent to the wall; this mechanism is also called particle convection. Relative to each cluster, particle convection is a transient phenomenon, so that the the amount of time that the clusters spend in contact with the wall influences the rate of heat transfer. The motion of clusters at the wall has been observed and quantified using thermal imaging as a flow-visualization technique. By heating the clusters at the wall and observing their motion with an infrared camera, the average amount of time that a cluster spends at the wall can be determined. The average contact times measured are between 0.35 s and 0.48 s, and some variation with operating conditions in the CFB is observed. These contact times can also be used to calculate bed-to-wall heat-transfer coefficients around 100 W/m2-K, which is in agreement with other heat-transfer measurements in CFBs. These experiments were conducted in a cold scale-model CFB with a riser that has a 0.159 m square cross-section and is 2.44 m tall.
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Vaubert, Virginie, David P. Stinton, Chris Barra, and Santosh Limaye. "Design and Initial Development of Monolithic Cross-Flow Ceramic Hot-Gas Filters." In ASME 1999 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/99-gt-320.

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Advanced, coal-fueled, power generation systems utilizing pressurized fluidized bed combustion (PFBC) and integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) technologies are currently being developed for high-efficiency, low emissions, and low-cost power generation. In spite of the advantages of these promising technologies, the severe operating environment often leads to material degradation and loss of performance in the barrier filters used for particle entrapment. To address this problem, LoTEC Inc., and Oak Ridge National Laboratory are jointly designing and developing a monolithic cross-flow ceramic hot-gas filter. The filter concept involves a truly monolithic cross-flow design that is resistant to delamination, can be easily fabricated, and offers flexibility of geometry and material make-up. During Phase I of the program, a thermo-mechanical analysis was performed to determine how a cross-flow filter would respond both thermally and mechanically to a series of thermal and mechanical loads. The cross-flow filter mold was designed accordingly, and the materials selection was narrowed down to Ca0.5Sr0.5Zr4P6O24 (CS-50) and 2Al2O3−3SiO2 (mullite). A fabrication process was developed using gelcasting technology and monolithic cross-flow filters were fabricated. The program focuses on obtaining optimum filter permeability and testing the corrosion resistance of the candidate materials.
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Kalola, M. G., Mahesh Dasar, K. P. Shete, and R. S. Patil. "Effect of Novel Swirling Perforated Distributor on Fluid Dynamic Characteristics of Circulating Fluidized Bed Riser." In ASME 2016 Power Conference collocated with the ASME 2016 10th International Conference on Energy Sustainability and the ASME 2016 14th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2016-59165.

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The present work is associated with Circulating Fluidized Bed (CFB) technology, related to the energy sector. The applications of CFB technology span across wide range of areas i.e. boiler, gasifier, combustor, dryer, etc. In the present paper, CFD simulations using ANSYS-Fluent 14.5 were performed to study the effect of novel swirling perforated distributor on fluid dynamics characteristics like pressure drop along the riser and distributor, suspension density variations along the riser of the Circulating Fluidized Bed (CFB). The simulation results were also used to compare qualitatively and quantitatively the dead-zone formations in the four corners of riser just above the distributor plate for swirl and normal distributor plates. The riser alongwith distributor was modeled using Pro-E 5.0, and it was meshed in ICEM CFD 14.5. Post processing simulations were performed using Fluent 14.5. 3D CFD simulations were performed on the CFB riser of cross section 0.15 m × 0.15 m and height 2.85 m. RNG k-ε model was used for turbulence modeling. Eulerian model with Syamlal-O’Brien phase interaction scheme was used to simulate the two phase flow (air + sand mixture flow). RNG k-ε model was used for turbulence modeling of the flow inside the riser. The RNG turbulence model has a calculation for effective viscosity. Modeling and simulations were performed for normal perforated distributor plate and results obtained were compared with available experimental data. In this way, after validation of computational results, further CFD simulations were performed for novel geometry of swirl distributor plate. It is observed that suspension density (particles’ concentration) was more in the middle and upper region of the riser in case of swirl distributor plate. However, pressure drop across the distributor plate increased in the case of novel swirl distributor plate. The objective of significant reduction in the dead-zone formation just above the normal distributor plate was achieved through novel swirl distributor, which in-turn is expected to increase particles’ participation in combustion which takes place in oxygen rich middle portion of CFB riser and subsequently increases heat transfer rate in the CFB riser.
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Zakkay, V., E. A. M. Gbordzoe, K. M. Sellakumar, and C. Q. Lu. "Performance of Hot Gas Clean-Up Devices Tested at the NYU DOE-PFBC Facility." In 1989 Joint Power Generation Conference: GT Papers. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/89-jpgc/gt-8.

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Three hot gas clean up units namely, the Screenless Granular Bed Filter (GBF), Ceramic Cross-flow Filter (CXF) and High Temperature, High Pressure Electrostatic Precipitator (ESP) designed for PFBC combined cycle power applications were tested at the New York University (NYU) DOE-PFBC facility located at Westbury, New York using a 780 mm ID pressurized fluidized bed combustor. The combustor was operated up to 10 atma and 870 °C. With the exception of the ESP whose performance was hampered by persistent electrode bushing failure, the particulate capturing efficiencies of the GBF and the CXF were predominantly in the upper 90 % range. The dust loading leaving the filters was consistently lower than the NSPS particulate emission limit. The results also indicate that the filter exit gas stream may meet the gas turbine particulate tolerance limit. None of the three high temperature, high pressure (HTHP) gas clean up units tested emerges as a favorite for use in cleaning PFBC exhaust stream because, each has mechanical design as well as operational flaws which could be corrected. The Cross-flow filter suffered from filter element cracking or delamination or gasket failure during its short test program. The backpulse cleaning system also needs to be optimized. The GBF is susceptible to media bubbling and granule flow problems through its lower seal leg. The Electrostatic Precipitator tested at NYU failed because its electrode bushings cracked due to overheating and could not hold their designed voltage. Further HTHP filter testing at the sub-pilot plant scale is necessary to optimize filter design and develop effective operational procedures for the hot gas clean up systems that will make them viable for commercial PFBC application.
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Al-Hajeri, M., A. Aroussi, and S. J. Pickering. "Study of the Filtration Process Through a Ceramic Candle Filter." In ASME 1999 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/99-gt-229.

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Ceramic candle filters have been developed for cleaning high-temperature high-pressure (HTHP) gas streams. They meet environmental and economical considerations in Combined cycle power plant, where gas turbine blades can be protected from the erosion that occurs due to using HTHP exhaust from the fluidized bed. Ceramic candle filters are the most promising hot gas filtration technology, which has demonstrated high collection efficiencies at high-temperature high-pressure conditions. This paper reports a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) investigation of a candle filter. Constant filtration velocity boundary models have been used to investigate the filter in cross flow conditions using the CFD code FLUENT. Different approach (inlet) velocity to filter face velocity ratios and different face velocities (ranging from 2 to 5 cm/s) are used in the CFD calculation. Particles in the diameter range 1 to 100 microns are tracked through the domain. The radius of convergence (or the critical trajectory) is compared and plotted as a function of many parameters. The deposition process and the factors that affect the build up of the filter cake have also been studied.
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