Journal articles: 'Cross-Section area'

1

Henari, Kubad Zeki. "An Integrated method of: Area determination of cross-section." Journal of Zankoy Sulaimani - Part A 2, no. 2 (1999): 44–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17656/jzs.10039.

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Unger, János, Zoltán Sümeghy, and Judit Zoboki. "Temperature cross-section features in an urban area." Atmospheric Research 58, no. 2 (2001): 117–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-8095(01)00087-4.

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Narkhedkar, Ramesh. "A novel method of yarn cross-sectional area calculation." Research Journal of Textile and Apparel 20, no. 1 (2016): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rjta-01-2013-0004.

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Purpose This paper aims to study the yarn cross-section shape which is a very important yarn physical parameter and has a dominant effect on the physical structure of the yarn. Four factors affecting the yarn cross section, i.e. twist multiplier, Roving hank, spinning system and doubling technique, were investigated. Design/methodology/approach In past researches, the yarn cross-sectional area was calculated by considering any one yarn radius giving the approximate yarn cross-sectional area by assuming the yarn as a circular one. Findings In this study, a testing instrument is fabricated as shown in Plates 1 and 2 for yarn cross-section measurement and a novel method for calculating the correct yarn cross-sectional area of the yarn was developed. Originality/value In the past, no such studies have been conducted on the yarn cross-section studies because of the various limitations of the yarn cross-section measuring or testing instruments.

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Zhang, Fan, and Peng Yun Song. "An Analytical Method of Analyzing the Heat Conduction for the Unequal Cross-Section Straight Fin." Applied Mechanics and Materials 365-366 (August 2013): 1211–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.365-366.1211.

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The cross-section area of straight fin is often considered to be equal in the thermal analyses of straight fin, but sometimes it is unequalin actual situation. Taking a straight fin with two unequal cross-sectional areas as an example,an analytical method of heat conduction for unequal section straight fin is presented. The analytical expressions of temperature field and heat dissipating capacity about the fin,which has a smaller cross-section area near the fin base and a larger one, is obtained respectively. The calculation results of the unequal cross-section are fully consistent with the equal area one, so the method is proved right. The results show that the larger the cross section areanear the base,the better is the heat transfer, and the temperature at the base with larger cross-section area is lower than that with smaller cross-section area when the amount of heat is fixed.

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Jonas, Jost B., Leonard Holbach, and Songhomitra Panda-Jonas. "Scleral Cross Section Area and Volume and Axial Length." PLoS ONE 9, no. 3 (2014): e93551. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0093551.

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Irena, Raca, Ljubisavljević Irena, Jušković Marina, Ranđelović Novica, and Ranđelović Vladimir. "Comparative anatomical study of the taxa from series Verni Mathew (Crocus L.) in Serbia." Biologica Nyssana 8, no. 1 (2017): 15–22. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.963053.

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The comparative leaf anatomy of three Crocus L. taxa from series Verni Mathew (Crocus heuffelianus Herb., Crocus tommasinianus Herbert and Crocus kosaninii Pulević) in Serbia is introduced. The general outlook of the cross sections of the leaves was defined with microphotographs. More precisely, leaf shape, leaf surface, mesophyll parenchyma and vascular bundle features were examined. The biggest differences were found at the level of vascular bundles (xylem area, phloem area, sclerenchyma area) and leaf blade features (section height, section length, arm length, white stripe width, lacuna area). In general, listed parameters had the lowest values in C. tommasinianus population, while the highest values could be found in population of C. heuffelianus. Further investigations should be focused on discovering more localities followed by surveying the ecological factors of the habitats.

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Witzmann, Sarah, Laura Matitz, Christoph Gollob, et al. "Accuracy and Precision of Stem Cross-Section Modeling in 3D Point Clouds from TLS and Caliper Measurements for Basal Area Estimation." Remote Sensing 14, no. 8 (2022): 1923. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14081923.

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The utilization of terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) data for forest inventory purposes has increasingly gained recognition in the past two decades. Volume estimates from TLS data are usually derived from the integral of cross-section area estimates along the stem axis. The purpose of this study was to compare the performance of circle, ellipse, and spline fits applied to cross-section area modeling, and to evaluate the influence of different modeling parameters on the cross-section area estimation. For this purpose, 20 trees were scanned with FARO Focus3D X330 and afterward felled to collect stem disks at different heights. The contours of the disks were digitized under in vitro laboratory conditions to provide reference data for the evaluation of the in situ TLS-based cross-section modeling. The results showed that the spline model fit achieved the most precise and accurate estimate of the cross-section area when compared to the reference cross-section area (RMSD (Root Mean Square Deviation) and bias of only 3.66% and 0.17%, respectively) and was able to exactly represent the shape of the stem disk (ratio between intersection and union of modeled and reference cross-section area of 88.69%). In comparison, contour fits with ellipses and circles yielded higher RMSD (5.28% and 10.08%, respectively) and bias (1.96% and 3.27%, respectively). The circle fit proved to be especially robust with respect to varying parameter settings, but provided exact estimates only for regular-shaped stem disks, such as those from the upper parts of the stem. Spline-based models of the cross-section at breast height were further used to examine the influence of caliper orientation on the volume estimation. Simulated caliper measures of the DBH showed an RMSD of 3.99% and a bias of 1.73% when compared to the reference DBH, which was calculated via the reference cross-section area, resulting in biased estimates of basal area and volume. DBH estimates obtained by simulated cross-calipering showed statistically significant deviations from the reference. The findings cast doubt on the customary utilization of manually calipered diameters as reference data when evaluating the accuracy of TLS data, as TLS-based estimates have reached an accuracy level surpassing traditional caliper measures.

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Wolfram, Julian. "Reducing Section Modulus of Beams by Adding Cross-Sectional Area." Journal of Engineering Mechanics 121, no. 3 (1995): 472–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9399(1995)121:3(472).

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Dascalu, Mihaela-Elena, Florin Nedeff, Vlad Ciubotariu, Juan Antonio Lopez-Ramirez, and Ion Sandu. "Calculation of the Cross Section Active Area for a Polymeric Spiral Wound Reverse Osmosis Membrane." Materiale Plastice 56, no. 2 (2019): 426–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/mp.19.2.5200.

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Cross flow filtration is the typical way that water is filtered in membrane technology; that means that feed solution passes tangencially over the membrane and rejected components are washed away of the membrane by the rejected stream. In such a way, that minimal solids building up and at constant low flow resistance are achieved. In this paper, a calulation method regarding to the value of cross-section active area for a polymeric spiral wound reverse osmosis (RO) membrane is presented, in order to obtain the value of the cross-flow velocity of the system. This velocity is needed to improve the knowledge fouling mechanisms and it is not easy to know without obtaining the cross section area. To determine cross-section area of a RO polymeric spiral wound membrane a series of calculations were performed to obtain the initial values of some parameters. The mathematical calculation was also achieved with the Roll Length program. Based on the results obtained, it was concluded that only 65.36% of the total cross-section of the membrane is useful to cross flow and it was possible to determine the active cross-section of filtration with a value of 1,915.4 mm2, for the membrane studied. This methodology allows the calculation for any RO spiral membrane.

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Haga, Toshio, and Taisei Miyake. "Investigation of Side-Dam Plate in Single-Wheel Caster for Casting Rods." Key Engineering Materials 805 (June 2019): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.805.31.

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The cross section of a thin rod cast by a single-wheel caster, for which the wheel cross section is an inverted trapezoidal groove, is concave. To make the cross section convex, an inner side-dam plate is proposed. A single-wheel caster with a flat wheel (without a groove) and rotating side-dam plates is also proposed. 5182 aluminum alloy rods with a convex or rectangular cross section can be cast. The area of the rod is smaller than 150 mm2. The diameter of the converted circle area is 15 mm.

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Purnomo, Bayu Chondro, Nurjazuli Nurjazuli, and Suhartono Suhartono. "Pengaruh Luas Penampang Wadah Terhadap Besarnya Reduksi Volume Sampah Organik Rumah Tangga Menggunakan Larva Lalat Bsf (Black Soldier Fly)." Jurnal Sehat Mandiri 16, no. 2 (2021): 99–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.33761/jsm.v16i2.474.

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This research is Quasi experimental with the Post Only Group Design method. This study uses the amount of maggot and organic waste with a ratio of 1: 2, with 1/2 kg of maggot against 1 kg of garbage, with a volume of 6000 cm3 containers and a variation of the cross sectional variation of 20x20 cm2 with a height of 15 cm, the cross section area of 30x20 cm2 with a height of 10 cm and 10 cm and the cross section area of 30x40 cm2 with a height of 5 cm. Based on the results of the research that has been made, the waste reduction by BSF larvae, the cross-sectional area of 20x20 cm was 516.7 gr, the cross-sectional area of 30x20 cm was 555.6 gr, while the cross-section area of 30x40 cm was 644.4 gr. The highest reduction is obtained from the cross-sectional area of 30x40 cm. Based on the results of the normality test it obtained the value of P-Value> α (0.05). This indicates that the data is distributed normally by looking at the variant difference test, obtained a value of p-value 0.049 (<α). Then it can be concluded that there is an influence between cross-sectional area and waste reduction by BSF larvae. The wider cross-section of the garbage container, the easier BSF larvae reduce organic waste.

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Hassan Khuder, Abdul-Wahab, Sabah Khammass Hussein, and Ammar Azeez Mahdi. "Study The Effect Of Different Common Beam Sections Having A Constant Cross Sectional Area On The Critical Buckling Load." University of Thi-Qar Journal for Engineering Sciences 6, no. 1 (2015): 121–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.31663/utjes.v6i1.68.

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A simply supported beam is used to calculate the critical buckling load. A common beam sections with constant cross sectional area are used to analyze the results using ANSYS11 program which gives a good results as comparing with the theoretical equation. The critical buckling load depends on the shape and dimensions of beam section which has constant cross sectional area. It observed that the critical buckling load is higher with a wide range of width for thinner hollow rectangular-section than the thicker section and lower for ( I, T & L-sections). Changing the width or thickness for U & Z-sections gave a small effect on the critical buckling load. Increasing the thickness of hollow circle beam section gives a decreasing in the critical buckling load. The last beam section gives a higher critical buckling load as comparing with solid circle section of the same cross sectional area. The same phenomenon is found for hollow rectangular-section as comparing with the solid section.

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Dr. Abdul-Wahab Hassan Khuder, Sabah Khammass Hussein, and Ammar Azeez Mahdi. "Study The Effect Of Different Common Beam Sections Having A Constant Cross Sectional Area On The Critical Buckling Load." University of Thi-Qar Journal for Engineering Sciences 5, no. 2 (2014): 72–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.31663/utjes.v5i2.631.

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A simply supported beam is used to calculate the critical buckling load. A common beam sections with constant cross sectional area are used to analyze the results using ANSYS11 program which gives a good results as comparing with the theoretical equation. The critical buckling load depends on the shape and dimensions of beam section which has constant cross sectional area. It observed that the critical buckling load is higher with a wide range of width for thinner hollow rectangular-section than the thicker section and lower for ( I, T & L-sections). Changing the width or thickness for U & Z-sections gave a small effect on the critical buckling load. Increasing the thickness of hollow circle beam section gives a decreasing in the critical buckling load. The last beam section gives a higher critical buckling load as comparing with solid circle section of the same cross sectional area. The same phenomenon is found for hollow rectangular-section as comparing with the solid section.

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Sui, Jian Hua, Li Ding, and Cai Ping Song. "The Discussion of the Yarn Cross-Section Shape of Woven Fabrics." Advanced Materials Research 175-176 (January 2011): 402–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.175-176.402.

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The form character and oblate shape of cross-section of the yarn in woven fabrics are discussed. Various fabric samples are made by using 106 tex cotton yarn as warp and weft, with changing warp densities and fabric structures as plain、1/2 twill and 1/3 twill respective. The diameter d and horizontal diameter a of the yarn are measured by analyzing the images of the fabric slice. Then the stave extension width coefficient δ of yarn cross-section is calculated. The result shows that there are three different kinds of cross-section shapes of the yarn in fabric as ellipse or similar convex lens, similar to egg shape and similar to shoulder squareness. The more complex of the weave structure, the more kinds of cross-section shape of the yarn has. The yarn cross-section presents different oblate shapes along with the changing densities of interweaving in area A, area B and area C.

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Wang, Gang, Wen L. Li, Wanyou Li, Zhihua Feng, and Junfang Ni. "A unified procedure for the vibration analysis of elastically restrained Timoshenko beams with variable cross sections." Noise Control Engineering Journal 68, no. 1 (2020): 38–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/1/37683.

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A generalized analytical method is developed for the vibration analysis of Timoshenko beams with elastically restrained ends. For a beam with any variable cross section along the lengthwise direction, the finite element method is the only unified approach to handle those kinds of problems, since the analytical solutions could not be obtained by the governing equations when the cross section area and the second moment of area changing variably lengthwise. In this article, a unified approach is proposed to study the Timoshenko beam with any variable cross sections. The cross section area and second moment of area of the beam are both expanded into cosine series, which are mathematically capable of representing any variable cross section. The translational displacement and rotation of cross section are expressed in the Fourier series by adding some admissible functions which are used to handle the elastic boundary conditions with more accuracy and high convergence rate. By using Hamilton's principle, the eigenvalues and the coefficients of the Fourier series are both obtained. Some examples are presented to illustrate the excellent accuracy of this method. Analytical solutions of the vibration of the beam are achieved for different combinations of boundary conditions including classical and elastically restrained ones. The derived results can be used as benchmark solutions for testing approximate or numerical methods used for the vibration analysis of Timoshenko beams with any variable cross section.

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Zhao, Sha, Yuan Biao Zhang, Qian Wan, and Zhi Min Jiang. "The Optimum Design for Core Section of Power Transformer when Cooling Oil Pans Are Added or Not." Key Engineering Materials 439-440 (June 2010): 309–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.439-440.309.

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In terms of the design of the Core Section, aiming at the half of the core circumcircle, for the case of the Core Section without the Cooling Oil Pan, this paper firstly establishes a non-linear programming model taking the objective function that the geometric cross-sectional area of the column core is the largest. Then, on the basis of analyzing the case of Cross Section with the Cooling Oil Pans another non-linear programming model is estabished to make the geometric cross-sectional area of the core column be the largest and the adjacent area of the two parts divided by the Cooling Oil Pans be equal as much as possible. And, the series of the section and the width and thickness of the silicon steel sheets at all levels are fixed while the effective cross-section of the core column is maximum. At last, to the two instances, this paper analyses the effects of the addition of the Cooling Oil Pans on the design for Cross Section.

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Burek, Jan, Rafał Flejszar, and Barbara Jamuła. "Numerical simulation of cutting layer in internal corners milling." Mechanik 92, no. 7 (2019): 412–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17814/mechanik.2019.7.46.

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The analytical and numerical model of the cross-section of the machined layer in the process of milling of concave rounding is presented. Simulation tests were carried out to determine the cross-sectional area of the cutting layer. A strategy has been developed that allows to increase the stability of the cross-section area of the cutting layer when the mill enters the inner corner area.

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Cheng, Zhiyu, Rui Liu, Haichun Ma, Peichao Feng, and Jiazhong Qian. "Effect of Contact Area on Deflection Flow Behavior in a Bifurcated Fracture." Water 15, no. 1 (2023): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15010213.

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The factors affecting the deflection flow in a bifurcated fracture under the effect of the fracture contact area are discussed. The effects of the contact area and cross-section on the deflection flow are determined using a combination of experiments and numerical simulations. The contact and seepage changes in bifurcated fractures under a confining pressure are monitored using a pressure film. A parallel plate bifurcated fracture model with a single contact area is established, which is in good agreement with the results of the laboratory experiments. Based on numerical simulation experiments, under the effects of the contact area and cross-section, the change in the effective flow path is the main reason for the change in the deflection flow behavior. The proportion of the flow path of the entire fracture is used to reflect the deflection flow characteristics under different contact areas and cross-sectional areas. For a given contact area, the larger the cross-section of the contact area, the larger the difference in the outlet flow of the bifurcated fracture and the more obvious the deflection flow behavior. As the contact area increases and the cross-section is constant, the effective path of the fluid does not change, and the deflection flow behavior does not change. This explanation of the cause of fracture deflection flow is of great significance for studying fracture seepage.

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Zhang, Xin, Yi Quan Xu, Kai Meng, and Qing Guan Chen. "Dynamic Detection and Analysis of Raw Silk’s Flatness." Advanced Materials Research 175-176 (January 2011): 385–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.175-176.385.

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The shape of most raw silk’s cross-section can be regarded as ellipse approximately. Axial length of the raw silk’s cross-section was detected and recorded dynamically by photoelectric sensor combined with the software of LabVIEW. Two photoelectric sensors were located orthogonally to measure axial lengths of the ellipse. The major and minor values can be considered as the major and minor axis values of the raw silk’s elliptical cross-section respectively. Thereby, the flatness and the area of raw silk’s cross-section can be calculated according to the values of major and minor axes. In addition, the raw silk’s evenness was characterized based on the variation of the cross-sectional area.

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Easa, Said M. "Simplifying roadway cross sections without reducing volume accuracy." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 16, no. 4 (1989): 483–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l89-078.

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A method for simplifying irregular ground profile of roadway cross sections by a straight line is presented. The presented method does not affect the accuracy of earthwork volume computations. Two types of cross sections are considered: cut (or fill) and transition sections. For a cut (or fill) section, the simplified section is designed such that its area equals that of the original section. This is accomplished by adjusting the least-squares (LS) parameters. Three cases of adjustments that depend on the area of the original section and the unadjusted LS parameters are presented. These cases preserve the section type (cut or fill) and, as much as possible, the general shape of the original section. For a transition section, the simplified section is designed such that its cut and fill areas equal those of the original section. These conditions of equal areas are used to develop formulas for designing the simplified section directly. Application of the method is illustrated by numerical examples. Key words: roadway, cross section, irregular, least squares, linear profile, earthwork volume.

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Su, Gao Hui, Zi Chun Yang, and Feng Rui Sun. "Modeling the Phonon Transport in Nanowire with Different Cross-Section." Applied Mechanics and Materials 401-403 (September 2013): 852–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.401-403.852.

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The phonon transport in silicon nanowire was simulated by Monte Carlo Method (MCM). The effect on the phonon transport of the boundary reflection mode, cross-section size and cross-section shape was studied. Analysis shows that diffuse reflection can result in phonon accumulation at the circumferential boundary. As the cross-section size decrease, the nonuniformity of the temperature distribution within the cross-section becomes more severe. When the area of the square cross-section silicon nanowire (SCSN) is equal to that of the circular cross-section silicon nanowire (CCSN), the thermal conductivity of them is more close to each other.

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Fabien, Fredon. "Patient's Anthropometric Measurements are Correlated with the Liver Parenchymal Surface Area at the Hepatectomy Cross Section." Anatomy & Physiology: Current Research 11, no. 1 (2021): 4. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10060309.

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Introduction: Three major complications occur in association with surgical liver resection: hepatocellular insufficiency, haemorrhage and biliary fistula on the hepatectomy cross-section. The liver morphology plays a role in the development of postoperative hepatocellular insufficiency, as this complication occurs when the ratio of the remaining to total liver volume is insufficient. The hepatic volume correlates with anthropometric measures. This study was performed to determine whether anthropometric characteristics influence the surface area of the hepatectomy cross-section, a liver morphological parameter related to potential complications. Materials and Methods: We measured the parenchymal surface area of the hepatic cross-section after right hepatectomy using computed tomography, and examined correlations of this area with patients' sex, age and anthropometric characteristics (body weight, height, Body Mass Index (BMI), Maximum Abdominal Perimeter (MAP) and body surface area). Results: The study population comprised 140 patients (69 men and 71 women). The average surface area of the hepatectomy cross section was (73.23 ± 16.82) cm2 . This area correlated weakly, but significantly, with patients' height (r=0.22, p<0.05), BMI (r=0.26, p<0.05) and MAP (r=0.23, p<0.05), and more strongly with patients' body weight (r=0.31, p<0.001) and body surface area (r=0.31, p<0.05). Conclusion: The surface area of the hepatectomy cross section correlates with anthropometric characteristics, with the strongest correlations observed with the body weight and body surface area. Keywords: Liver surgery; Anatomy; Practical application; Liver resection Abbreviations: BSA: Body Surface Area; BMI: Body Mass Index; MAP: Maximum Abdominal Perimeter; 18F-FDG: 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose; PET/CT: Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography

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Dhobi, Saddam Husain, Santosh Kumar Das, and Kishori Yadav. "Klein Nishina Differential Equation for the Selection of Radiation Shielding Material (C, AL, Fe, and Zn) on the Basis of Attenuation and Cross sectional Area." European Journal of Applied Physics 3, no. 1 (2021): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejphysics.2021.3.1.38.

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On studying the Electronic and Atomic Cross sectional area for low atomic masses (Carbon, Aluminum, Iron and Zinc) using Klien-Nishina differential equation. The atomic cross section among these elements for same energy of incidence photon the atomic cross section area found on order of Carbon Aluminum Iron Zinc. This show with increasing atomic number and mass the cross section area of material goes increase. But the mass attenuation goes decrease with increasing in mass and number of materials made up of high atomic weight and number. This is clearly seen in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3. Therefore, among these elements protective material is made up of Carbon has more safety than other (Al, Fe, Zn).

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Qian, Lin, Ryo Sakura, Takashi Yamaguchi, and Gen Hayashi. "Analytical Study on Yield Resistance for Staggered Arranged High Strength Bolted Frictional Joints." ce/papers 6, no. 5 (2023): 1412–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cepa.2047.

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AbstractThe yield resistance of a high strength bolted frictional joint is evaluated based on the designed net cross‐section area. The Japanese Specifications for Highway Bridges specifies a designed net cross‐section area could be increased by a factor of 1.1 in the verification of the net cross‐section yield resistance at Serviceability Limit State in high strength bolted frictional joint where the bolts are placed in grid arrangement. In the design of a staggered arranged high strength bolted frictional joint, the width of strip to be deducted from the transverse section on account of a staggered arrangement w is used. And the width of strip w is negative when p2/(4g) is larger than d0. However, the designed net cross‐section area of a staggered arranged high strength bolted frictional joint is unclear. In this study, FE analysis of staggered arranged high strength bolted frictional joint was carried out by varying the number of bolts in the top column k and the gauge distance transverse to the loading g as parameters. The results indicated that in some cases, the ratio of the net cross‐section yield resistance predicted by FE analysis to the designed net cross‐section yield resistance may be less than 1.1, but a factor of 1.1 can be applied with a suitable arrangement.

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MYUNG, Y. S. "ABSORPTION CROSS-SECTION IN DE SITTER SPACE." Modern Physics Letters A 18, no. 09 (2003): 617–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732303009678.

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We study the wave equation for a minimally coupled massive scalar in three-dimensional de Sitter space. We compute the absorption cross-section to investigate its cosmological horizon in the southern diamond. Although the absorption cross-section is not defined exactly, it can be determined from the fact that the low-energy s(j = 0)-wave absorption cross-section for a massless scalar is given by the area of the cosmological horizon. On the other hand, the low-temperature limit of j ≠ 0-mode absorption cross-section is useful for extracting information surrounding the cosmological horizon. Finally we mention a computation of the absorption cross-section on the CFT-side using the dS/CFT correspondence.

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Dhobi, Saddam Husain, and et al. "Cross section area of the visible spectrum with the potential difference." Advanced Studies in Theoretical Physics 14, no. 7 (2020): 311–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.12988/astp.2020.91493.

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Olson, Derek R., and Anthony P. Lyons. "The impact of finite ensonified area on the scattering cross section." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 133, no. 5 (2013): 3303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4805473.

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Hernandez-Villafuerte, K., and J. Sussex. "Cross section analysis of Marginal NHS expenditure by England Health area." Value in Health 18, no. 3 (2015): A83—A84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2015.03.488.

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Mordovsky, Sergey S., and Daria O. Frantseva. "Search for the optimal section area annular section ecentrally compressed elements of reinforcement." Urban construction and architecture 12, no. 4 (2023): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17673/vestnik.2022.04.02.

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This article deals with the search for the optimal cross-sectional area of reinforcement of eccentrically compressed reinforced concrete elements of an annular section using the Mathcad software package. The determination of the optimal cross-sectional area of the reinforcement is carried out using the implementation of algorithms for finding the minimum that meets the requirements of the strength and stability of reinforced concrete elements. An analysis of the obtained data is given by comparison with the problem solved in the Handbook to SP 63.13330. The developed programs make it possible to save the designer's time when choosing the reinforcement section and checking the strength and stability of reinforced concrete elements.

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Andjelic, Nina, and Vesna Milosevic-Mitic. "An approach to the optimization of thin-walled cantilever open section beams." Theoretical and Applied Mechanics 34, no. 4 (2007): 323–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tam0704323a.

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An approach to the optimization of the thin-walled cantilever open section beams subjected to the bending and to the constrained torsion is considered. The problem is reduced to the determination of minimum mass, i.e. minimum cross-sectional area of structural thin-walled I-beam and channel-section beam elements for given loads, material and geometrical characteristics. The area of the cross-section is assumed to be the objective function. The stress constraints are introduced. Applying the Lagrange multiplier method the equations, whose solutions represent the optimal values of the ratios of the parts of the chosen cross-section, are formed. The obtained results are used for numerical calculation.

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Pramod, K. V., and Dr B. R. Patagundi. "Calculation and Verification of ZPZ Values in IS 800:2007." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 12 (2022): 1972–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.48394.

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Abstract: Plastic Section Modulus of a section is the first moment of the cross sectional area about an axis which divides the sectional area into two equal halves. In this paper an attempt has been made to calculate and verify the Zpz values of tapered flange I and C Sections. I-Section has been divided into a total of 13 component areas and C-Section into 7 component areas. The area of each component is calculated and the position of centroid of each component area is identified and used in the calculation of the Plastic Section Modulus of the cross section about Z-Z axis. Eleven I-sections and One C-section Zpz values are found to differ from the values given in the IS 800 : 2007[2] by more than 100 mm3 , i.e., 0.1 cm3 and are reported here. These verifications gain significance due to the fact that, in case of four I-sections, the difference is found to be more than 10000 mm3 , i.e., 10cm3

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Lin, Yu, Ping Lei, and Xiao Dong Zhang. "The Analysis and Simulation of Granule Concentration Distribution in Cross Section of Spiral Slurry Pipeline." Applied Mechanics and Materials 268-270 (December 2012): 1123–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.268-270.1123.

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Through the analysis of force acting on granule in slurry spiral flow and movement characteristics of granules, the granule motion equation, the granule size distribution along radial direction, and distribution of granule concentration on cross section of the pipeline were established. By using computer simulation with FLUENT software for granule concentration distribution on cross section in slurry spiral flow of pipeline, the results of simulation revealed that the granule distribution in slurry spiral flow concentrated in peripheral area of cross section of pipeline, the concentration distribution of granule in center of the cross section area was smaller and more uniform, and the concentration of granule was minimum in pipe wall because of the effect of centrifugal force and circumferential velocity acting granules.

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Tarasov, Natal’ya V., and Natal’ya V. Gerling. "Needle-Like Leaf Organs of Conifers. Part I. Modeling the Needle Cross-Section Perimeter." Lesnoy Zhurnal (Forestry Journal), no. 3 (June 10, 2024): 73–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2024-3-73-91.

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Despite the availability of measuring systems for estimating the surface area of leaf organs of higher plants, the need for simple standard methods for determining this indicator area remains relevant for plant physiologists. The methods for estimating the surface area of needle-like leaf organs of conifers, based on the geometry of an individual needle rest on the general principle of calculating the needle surface area as the product of its length by the perimeter of its cross-section. This makes the cross-section perimeter one of the most important parameters needed to characterize the needle surface area. The strong variability of this parameter depending on the species necessitates the development of individual models of the cross-section of individual needles. The aim of this study has been to create a universal model for estimating the needle cross-section perimeter, irrespective of the tree species. For the practical implementation of the aim, a method was proposed for estimating the perimeter of the needle cross-section, based on the well-known fact that any closed line is transformable into an equivalent circle, while the length of the closed line does not change. The perimeter of the equivalent circle can be related to the parameters of the geometric figure before the transformation. This approach allows us to relate the width and thickness of the needle cross-section to its perimeter. The developed universal model of the needle cross-section has been verified on cross-sections of Siberian fir (Abies sibirica L.) and common juniper (Juniperus communis L.) needles. The samples of needles of these woody plants have been collected from a bilberry-sphagnum spruce forest in the boreal zone of the north-east of the European part of Russia (Knyazhpogostkiy district, the Komi Republic). Statistical analysis has shown the significance and adequacy of the model. It can be used to assess the perimeter of coniferous needles, irrespective of their species. In this case, the accuracy of perimeter estimation is comparable to the accuracy of direct perimeter measurement by the piecewise linear approximation method.

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Tsvetkova, Galina A. "PANDEMIC AND RUSSIAN BEHAVIOR. SOCIOLOGICAL CROSS-SECTION." RSUH/RGGU Bulletin. Series Philosophy. Social Studies. Art Studies, no. 4 (2020): 72–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-6401-2020-4-72-81.

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The article presents the specifics in the behavior of modern Russians during the coronavirus, which has become a socially topical issue, instantly covering the territories of various subjects of Russia. The publication is based on sociological studies of various levels, as well as publications of the mass media, which allowed for formulating the main patterns that were regularly manifested during the epidemic and considering its typical effects on the social organization of people. The results of a comparative analysis of the impact of the epidemic on human behavior today and a hundred years ago are presented. To that end the results of research conducted in the area by P. Sorokin are used.

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Liu, Ning, Yi-Xiong Huang, Wei Cai, and Kun Chen. "Application of Improved Single-Hole Superposition Theory in Nonequal Cross-Section Tunnel Intersection." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (December 10, 2020): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8837480.

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With the excavation towards the intersecting tunnels’ direction, the impact on the surrounding rock stress between the two tunnels will gradually decrease, but how it decreased is not clear. At present, engineers often directly superimpose the stress in the triangular area of the crossing tunnel when calculating the stress in this area (single-hole superposition theory). The theory is also used as the main theory to consider the surrounding rock stress for support which is difficult to explain the situation of nonuniform cross-section centers not in the same plane. The safety level of support is mainly determined by construction experience which is unable to determine how to adjust the support level with the increase in the horizontal distance of intersecting tunnel, causing the insufficient utilization of materials. This paper derives theoretically the stress calculation of the triangular area of circular cross tunnels with different cross sections and analyzes the surrounding rock stress law of the intersecting tunnels triangular area from different cross-section dimensions (the difference in diameter between the two tunnels is twice, 3 times, and 4 times) and different intersection angles. And the results show that, compared with the case of equal tunnel diameters, the stress influence area of the surrounding rock in the triangle area mainly expands to the side of the small section with the increase of the cross-section difference of the intersecting tunnels; the dangerous area of the surrounding rock in the triangle area moves vertically to the small section; the safest condition is the two tunnels with 90° intersecting angle. The theoretical calculation model of this paper is verified by the previous research results.

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Li, Guiyong, Guanghui Chen, and Jihai Duan. "Simulation Study on Hydrodynamic Performance of Slurry Bubble Column with Vertical Tube Internals." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2549, no. 1 (2023): 012031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2549/1/012031.

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Abstract The gas-liquid-solid mixing characteristics in slurry bubble column were studied using the CFD-PBM model under different cross section coverage ratios of tubes. The research shows that with the increase of the proportion of the cross section area of the vertical tube, the flow field in the slurry bubble column tends to be stable, the liquid phase flow rate in the column becomes faster, and the large-scale liquid circulation strengthens, resulting in the decrease of gas holdup. As the proportion of cross section area in the vertical column increases, the distribution of gas-solid holdup becomes more uneven in the radial direction. However, increasing the number of vertical tubes can improve the axial distribution of solid particles in the reactor while reducing the size of bubbles in the column. Therefore, it can be concluded that in order to achieve effective gas, liquid, and solid mixing in slurry bubble column, the ratio of cross section area of vertical internals is crucial under given conditions.

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Gu, Sheng, Bai Jian Tang, and Jian Hua Shao. "Estimation Theory on Cable’s Diameter in Pre-Stressed Mega Brace and Steel Frame Structure." Applied Mechanics and Materials 94-96 (September 2011): 310–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.94-96.310.

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According to the superposition principle of building structure, the lateral deformation mode of pre-stressed mega bracing-steel frame structure was analyzed, then the relation between the structural maximum inter-story drift and cross section area of cable was further established. Based on the area of cable derived by the design target value of inter-story drift, the qualitative estimation theory on cross section area of the cable is finally determined.

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Пахомова, Л. В., Н. С. Инкижинов та А. А. Бутузов. "МODELING OF A CROSS-SECTION CORE FOR A ROD WITH A COSINE-SHAPED CROSS-SECTION". Stroitelʹnaâ mehanika i konstrukcii, № 4(35) (19 грудня 2022): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.36622/vstu.2022.35.4.004.

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В работе приведен пример построения ядра сечения для стержней с криволинейной формой поперечного сечения. Подробное описание данного метода представлено в двух последних источниках, приведенных в списке литературы к данной статье. Кроме того, в статье приведен вывод уравнения касательной к ядру сечения, отсутствовавший в предыдущих источниках. Примененная методика построения ядра сечения является оригинальной. Она пользуется заменой графического представления касательной к контуру поперечного сечения на аналитическое, исходя из геометрического смысла первой производной от функции, описывающей уравнение соответствующего контура. Это уравнение записывается применительно к главным центральным осям инерции поперечного сечения. Предварительно необходимо вычислять следующие геометрические характеристики: площадь поперечного сечения, главные центральные моменты инерции (с использованием интегральных зависимостей) и квадраты радиусов инерции. Данную методику построения ядра сечения удобно применять, если одна или две главные центральные оси являются осями симметрии. В качестве симметричной функции рассмотрена синусоида (косинусоида). In this paper, an example of constructing a cross-section core for rods with a curved cross-section shape is given. A detailed description of this method is given in the last two sources listed in the list of references to this article. In addition, this article presents the derivation of the equation of the tangent to the core of the section, which was absent in previous sources. The applied method of constructing the cross-section core is original. It uses the replacement of the graphical representation of the tangent to the contour of the cross section with an analytical one, based on the geometric meaning of the first derivative of the function describing the equation of the corresponding contour. This equation is written in relation to the main central axes of inertia of the cross section. Previously, it is necessary to calculate the following geometric characteristics: the cross-sectional area, the main central moments of inertia (using integral dependencies) and the squares of the radii of inertia. This method of constructing the cross-section core is convenient to use if one or two main central axes are axes of symmetry. In this paper, a sinusoid (cosine) is considered as a symmetric function.

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Lu, Yiwei, Hanlong Liu, Changjie Zheng, and Xuanming Ding. "Experimental Study on the Behavior of X-Section Pile Subjected to Cyclic Axial Load in Sand." Shock and Vibration 2017 (2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/2431813.

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X-section cast-in-place concrete pile is a new type of foundation reinforcement technique featured by the X-shaped cross-section. Compared with a traditional circular pile, an X-section pile with the same cross-sectional area has larger side resistance due to its larger cross-sectional perimeter. The behavior of static loaded X-section pile has been extensively reported, while little attention has been paid to the dynamic characteristics of X-section pile. This paper introduced a large-scale model test for an X-section pile and a circular pile with the same cross-sectional area subjected to cyclic axial load in sand. The experimental results demonstrated that cyclic axial load contributed to the degradation of shaft friction and pile head stiffness. The dynamic responses of X-section pile were determined by loading frequency and loading amplitude. Furthermore, comparative analysis between the X-section pile and the circular pile revealed that the X-section pile can improve the shaft friction and reduce the cumulative settlement under cyclic loading. Static load test was carried out prior to the vibration tests to investigate the ultimate bearing capacity of test piles. This study was expected to provide a reasonable reference for further studies on the dynamic responses of X-section piles in practical engineering.

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Ayundaningtyas, Prima Safitri, Abdul Halim, and Riman Riman. "Analysis of the Cross Section Planning of Jepara’s Secondary Channels in Serayu Irrigation Area of Sumpiuh Irrigation Channels Cilacap Central Java." JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND APPLIED ENGINEERING 5, no. 2 (2022): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.31328/jsae.v5i2.4039.

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Central Java is one of the provinces in Indonesia that relies on the agricultural sector. The agricultural centre in the province is located in Cilacap regency. In order to improve agricultural products, adequate facilities and infrastructure are required, one of which is the Jepara Secondary Channel. Channels on the Secondary Channel Jepara majority is no longer worth using. So much agricultural land is less maximal in water utilization. On the Jepara secondary channel, there is no similar cross-section of channels; some use a cross-section of soil, stone, and concrete, and there is cross-sectional damage. In connection with the problem, a cross-sectional planning analysis of secondary channels needs to be conducted. Consider effective rainfall analysis, irrigation needs analysis, and open hydraulic analysis. The results obtained from the analysis should indicate that the discharge flowed by the existing channel (Qs) must be greater than or equal to the planned discharge (Q0). Based on the results, two channels cannot accommodate the discharge of water needs (Q0), namely in section 1 and section 6, so it needs to be redesigned. However, by analyzing cross sections along channels with a varied cross-section shapes. Then planned design for all fields by using alternative four. This is because using a cross-sectional combination of trapezoid and u-ditch 70x80 cm can shorten working time and make construction costs more affordable.

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Urbański, Janusz, Ryszard Oleszczuk, Andrzej Brandyk, and Ewelina Zając. "Estimation of lowland river cross-section changes for different soils." Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW. Land Reclamation 50, no. 4 (2018): 291–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sggw-2018-0023.

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Abstract This paper involves a comparative analysis of cross-sectional changes at selected reaches of a lowland river, flowing through the areas of mineral and organic soils. The comparisons were made at the background of design and execution assumptions from the period 1967–1971. Main processes, responsible for the observed changes of riverbeds in mineral soils (silting, conservation works) and organic soils (subsidence, disappearance of the peat deposit), were identified. In case of organic soils, the decrease of cross-sectional area by approximately from 30 to 60% was estimated in comparison to the original project assumptions, and the subsidence of river banks reached even 0.5 m in relation to the level determined in 1967. In the area of mineral soils, more considerable variability of cross-sectional area was noted along with minor changes of river banks elevation, that resulted most likely from the performed maintenance works.

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., Sunaryo. "Sea Water Intrusion Monitoring on the Sendangbiru of the Southern Malang Coastal Area based on Geoelectrical Resistivity Data." Disaster Advances 14, no. 9 (2021): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.25303/149da4348.

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The study was conducted with the objective to distinguish the presence of seawater intrusion layer or salt-water aquifer distribution along the data acquisition line at the locations. Data acquisition was conducted by using the Wenner-Schumberger configuration of geoelectrical resistivity. From this research, 4 lines and 4 points of vertical electrical sounding (VES) data for every line were obtained with the distance between electrode a as 10m. Based on the data processing, obtained depth up to 120m with the smallest resistivity value is 0.02Ωm and the largest is 6764.52Ωm. To make the distribution of resistivity values along the path line of the study, cross sections were made until a depth of 120m. Based on the cross-section, the low resistivity value (less than 1.5 Ωm) that interpreted as a seawater intrusion layer or salt water aquifer distribution is located at varying depths. There are intrusions for the SB1 cross section, there is an intrusion at a depth of 6m-7m as far as 10m, at a depth of 6m-8m as far as 10m for the SB2 cross section and at a depth of 22m - 26m as far as 25m for the SB3 cross section.

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Tahasildar, Mohammed Faris, and Sachidananda Hassan Krishanmurthy. "Analysis of microchannel heat exchanger based on channel geometry." International Journal for Simulation and Multidisciplinary Design Optimization 13 (2022): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/smdo/2022003.

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The use of air conditioning in heating ventilating and air-conditioning (HVAC) industry has risen steadily over the last few decades. The goal of the system is to provide a comfortable indoor environment by the process of removal or addition of heat. There are various systems and components which have been in constant use over the years and have evolved with the needs of the user and the environment too. In this research paper attempt have been made to study microchannel heat exchangers in condenser section of package units. The idea is to see how an increase in cross-sectional area through the microchannel increases the area of heat transfer. The effect of grooved cross-section which results in increase of rate of cooling for a fluid flowing through the channel have been studied. R-32 (Freon Refrigerant) is considered as refrigerant along with water for the study using CFD analysis. Two designs were considered for the study considering circular cross section and the grooved cross section considering the channel geometry. From the results of CFD analysis, it can be stated that grooved cross section has performed better in terms of heat transfer and temperature drop as compared to circular cross section.

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Ban, Dario. "Re-examination of centre of buoyancy curve and its evolute for rectangular cross section, Part 2: Using quadratic functions." Brodogradnja 74, no. 3 (2023): 17–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21278/brod74302.

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In this paper, exact hydrostatic particulars equations for the centre of buoyancy curve and metacentric locus curve are given for rectangular cross section using quadratic functions. Those equations have not been given for the hyperbola range of the heel angles so far, and here it is done by using basic quadratic functions and their horizontally symmetric immersion shapes, with two new methods defined: 1. Rotation of basic cross section shapes, and 2. Hydrostatic cross section area complement method that uses homothety or scaling properties of emerged and immersed areas of the rectangular cross section. Observed metacentric curve for rectangle consists of semi-cubic parabolas and Lamé curve with 2/3 exponent and negative sign, resulting in the cusp discontinuities in the symmetry of those functions definition. In order to achieve above, two theorems are given: the theorem about scaling using hydrostatic cross section area complement and the theorem about parallelism of centre of buoyancy tangents with waterlines. After non-dimensional bounds are given for the existence of the swallowtail discontinuity of metacentric curve for rectangular cross section in the Part 1 of this paper, the proof of its position in the symmetry of rectangle vertex angle is given in this Part 2 of the paper, thus confirming its position from theory.

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Bagheri-Sadeghi, Nojan, Brian T. Helenbrook, and Kenneth D. Visser. "Maximal power per device area of a ducted turbine." Wind Energy Science 6, no. 4 (2021): 1031–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/wes-6-1031-2021.

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Abstract. The aerodynamic design of a ducted wind turbine for maximum total power coefficient was studied numerically using the axisymmetric Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations and an actuator disc model. The total power coefficient characterizes the rotor power per total device area rather than the rotor area. This is a useful metric to compare the performance of a ducted wind turbine with an open rotor and can be an important design objective in certain applications. The design variables included the duct length, the rotor thrust coefficient, the angle of attack of the duct cross section, the rotor gap, and the axial location of the rotor. The results indicated that there exists an upper limit for the total power coefficient of ducted wind turbines. Using an Eppler E423 airfoil as the duct cross section, an optimal total power coefficient of 0.70 was achieved at a duct length of about 15 % of the rotor diameter. The optimal thrust coefficient was approximately 0.9, independent of the duct length and in agreement with the axial momentum analysis. Similarly independent of duct length, the optimal normal rotor gap was found to be approximately the duct boundary layer thickness at the rotor. The optimal axial position of the rotor was near the rear of the duct but moved upstream with increasing duct length, while the optimal angle of attack of the duct cross section decreased.

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Liu, Tao, Baozhong Sun, and Bohong Gu. "Size effects on compressive behaviors of three-dimensional braided composites under high strain rates." Journal of Composite Materials 52, no. 28 (2018): 3895–908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998318771459.

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The compressive behaviors of three-dimensional braided composites with different cross sections and lengths along braided direction under high strain rates were reported from numerical simulations and experimental tests. The microstructure models with and without defects were established. The microstructure model with random distributed defects was to investigate the influence of sample length and random defects on the compressive properties. The microstructure model without defects is to reveal the effect of the cross section area on the compressive behavior. We found from finite element analysis that volume fractions of interior, surface, and corner unit cells vary with the cross section area. The strength and modulus were sensitive to the volume fractions of the unit cells and defects in the braided composites. The effect of the sample length on the compressive behaviors was not as significant as the cross section area and defects. The testing validated the finite element analysis results well.

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Anisha, S., and Dhanya Krishnan. "Comparative Study of Steel Beam Column Connection under Cyclic Loading." Applied Mechanics and Materials 857 (November 2016): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.857.53.

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A structure is an assembly of various elements or components which are fastened together through some type of connections. Steel beam column connection may fail due to large earth quake. Plastic hinge formation is the main failure of a steel beam column connection. There are two methods for improving the steel beam column connection (i) connection reinforcement/strengthening (ii) beam weakening by reducing the cross-sectional area of the beam at a certain distance from the connection. When reducing the cross section area plastic hinge is formed away from column face. The main objective of this study is to compare reduced beam section (RBS) and reduced web section (RWS) pattern and find out the location of plastic hinge. For steel beam column plastic hinge is located near column. When reducing the cross section area the location of plastic hinge will shift from the column. Aim of this project is to locate the position of plastic hinge apart from column face, and also evaluate the stress and deformation.

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Антипов, С. А., А. В. Володько, Е. А. Ищенко, В. Н. Кострова, К. А. Разинкин, and С. М. Фёдоров. "STUDY OF THE RADAR CROSS SECTION OF SIMPLE BODIES." ВЕСТНИК ВОРОНЕЖСКОГО ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО ТЕХНИЧЕСКОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА, no. 5() (November 18, 2020): 81–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.36622/vstu.2020.16.5.011.

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Рассмотрены картины моностатической эффективной площади рассеяния для простых геометрических тел. Для простой металлической пластины был произведен теоретический расчет значения эффективной площади рассеяния (ЭПР), а также произведено моделирование с использованием метода Вейланда, по результатам которого были доказаны точность и эффективность моделирования в специализированном программном обеспечении (ПО). Для определения эффективной площади рассеяния шара рассматривались три случая: когда размеры шара превосходят длину волны; размеры малы, а в качестве материала изготовления выбран проводник; при сохранении размеров материал изготовления заменяется на диэлектрик - стекло. По полученным результатам сделаны выводы о важности сопоставления длины волны с геометрическими размерами тела, а также о положительном влиянии диэлектрических материалов на значение ЭПР. При исследовании цилиндра рассматривались два случая, которые могут возникнуть при исследовании ЭПР цилиндрического объекта, а именно, когда волна падает на боковую поверхность тела и на верхнюю грань. Было показано, что наихудшие значения эффективной площади рассеяния наблюдаются при падении плоской волны на верхние - идеально плоские грани цилиндра. Приведены результаты в виде картин моностатической ЭПР, максимальных значений эффективной площади рассеяния The article considers the figures of the monostatic effective scattering area for simple geometric bodies. For a simple metal plate, a theoretical calculation of the RCS value was carried out, as well as modeling using the Vayland method, the results of which proved the accuracy and efficiency of modeling in specialized software. To determine the effective area of dispersion of the ball, three cases were considered when the dimensions of the ball exceed the wavelength; the dimensions are small, and a conductor is selected as the material of manufacture; while maintaining the dimensions, the material of manufacture is replaced by glass. Based on the results obtained, conclusions are drawn about the importance of comparing the wavelength with the geometric dimensions of the body, as well as the positive effect of dielectric materials on the value of the RCS. In the study of the cylinder, two cases were considered that can arise when studying the RCS of a cylindrical object, namely, when the wave falls on the side surface of the body and on the upper face. It was shown that the worst values of the effective scattering area are observed when a plane wave is incident on the upper, ideally flat, faces of the cylinder. The results are presented in the form of monostatic RCS patterns, maximum values of the effective scattering area

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Ha, Jungje, Woongjae Shin, Joo Hwan Lee, et al. "Effect of Plasma Area on Frequency of Monostatic Radar Cross Section Reduction." Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science 17, no. 3 (2017): 153–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/jkiees.2017.17.3.153.

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Das, Santos Kumar, and Saddam Husain Dhobi. "Mass attenuation Coefficient and Total cross-section Area of Platinum Group Composition." Patan Prospective Journal 3, no. 2 (2023): 175–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ppj.v3i2.66188.

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Radiation shielding is a critical practice involving the utilization of materials or barriers to safeguard against ionizing radiation by absorbing, scattering, or blocking the radiation. Its primary objective is to curtail exposure and mitigate potential health risks associated with radiation. In diverse fields like medicine, industry, and nuclear applications, radiation shielding materials play a pivotal role in ensuring the safety of individuals and equipment, contributing significantly to the maintenance of secure environments. This study focuses on characterizing materials for radiation shielding, particularly of Platinum group alloys in varying compositions with hydrogen. Using the Klein-Nishina (KN) formula, the investigation calculates electronic cross-sections (ECS), total mixture cross-section (TMCS), and mass attenuation coefficient (MAC) for different weight percentages of Platinum group alloys (0.1 to 0.6) when exposed to γ-ray photons of various energies. The outcomes emphasize the strong dependence of these cross-sections and MAC on photon energy and the charge number of the material, revealing a decrease with increasing photon energy and an increase with the charge number to mass number ratio (Z/A). The research underscores that fundamental parameters such as charge number, photon energy, and Z/A can be manipulated to enhance the utility of these elements in radiation shielding, protection, dose measurements, and imaging. The study's implications extend to the optimization of Platinum Group alloy compositions, offering insights for the development of tailored materials with enhanced shielding effectiveness in radiation protection and safety applications.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Cross-Section area'

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