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1

Kulkarni, Sulekha, Ravi Mangal, Xin Zhang, and Mayur Naik. "Accelerating program analyses by cross-program training." ACM SIGPLAN Notices 51, no. 10 (2016): 359–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3022671.2984023.

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2

ALTIMIER, LESLIE. "A Perinatal Cross-Training Program." Nursing Management (Springhouse) 26, no. 11 (1995): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006247-199511000-00012.

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3

Jamella, Carrasco Clanes. "Influence of cross-training program to employee retention in selected Restaurants in Cabanatuan City Nueva Ecija." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 23, no. 3 (2024): 1191–98. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14942874.

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Restaurants are constantly looking for ways to improve the efficiency and productivity of their operations. One effective strategy is to implement a cross-training program among employees. By training staff for different tasks in the restaurant, it always ensures coverage and flexibility in case of unexpected absences or busy times. This study emphasized how Cross-Training programs affect the employees’ retention. Among one hundred twenty-five (125) employees of selected Restaurants in Cabanatuan City. This research through quantitative descriptive correlational analysis technique was able to analyze the influence of cross-training program and employees’ retention. Researcher were able to see what the cross-training program relationship is all about in the retention of staff. The Result of the study shows a significant relationship between Cross-training program and its effect to the growth and retention of employees. The organization should regularly engage in programs like Cross-training since it benefits the employees themselves by providing them with valuable skills and experience that can enhance their career growth within the restaurant industry. It allows them to gain a better understanding of different aspects of the business, leading to improved teamwork and communication among staff members.
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AL-Jabarti, Azzah, Kholod Babkair, Ali S AL-Shareef, Rawan AL-Thobaiti, and Abdu AL-Sayed. "COVID-19 ONLINE CROSS-TRAINING PROGRAM." International Journal of Advanced Research 10, no. 02 (2022): 369–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/14213.

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Background:The need for continuity in medical education with the advent of COVID -19, has been highlighted in light of the current global pandemic situation. As the risks posed by COVID -19 must be balanced against the need to care for patients and protect health care workers, cross-training of various health care professions is now more important than ever. In response to the global pandemic and in line with current practice, the Ministry of National Security, King Abdul-Aziz Medical City-Jeddah, has established a cross-training working task force comprising medical educational specialists from various specialtiesto develop an educational platform that includes up-to-date learning resources to provide healthcare professionals with the knowledge they need to treat critical, suspected, and confirmed COVID -19 patients.The main objective of this manuscript is to describe and discuss the implementation process of the cross-training modules. In addition, the manuscript aims to address the knowledge gap related to COVID -19 management by measuring the perceptions of medical students and healthcare professionals. Methods:A qualitative, descriptive study was conducted in the King Abdul-Aziz Medical City (KAMC) National Guard using the COVID -19 cross-training e-learning platform. The training participants were primarily physicians, then health care workers, students and interns from different universities (KSAU-HS) to be able to treat COVID -19 patients in different areas. This platform was equipped with all the necessary functions to create e-learning training courses. The content of the educational material was to be delivered using two main teaching methods: (1) Virtual learning modules consisting of basic and advanced courses. (2) Simulation-based instruction, consisting of computer-based and simulation manikin-based courses. First, a needs assessment survey was distributed to approximately 150 medical students and health professionals. Then, another self-assessment survey was distributed to approximately 1000 participants. Results: In the needs assessment survey, the majority of participants (22.3%) were from the Department of Internal Medicine. In the feedback survey, the majority of participants were from the Department of Nursing (15.7%). Overall, participants consider the Cross-Training Module/Unit Content & Structure to be adequate in terms of its purpose (P 0.908) results also indicate that participants are satisfied with the provisions (P 0.374) and that the Cross-Training was relevant and helpful to the circumscribed and included professions (P 0.731). Conclusion: As synthesis research, this study revealed the perceptions of health professionals and medical students regarding the implementation of an e-learning strategy for cross-training as a teaching tool. Participants indicated that the training program was most helpful because the course materials were strongly tailored to their areas of expertise.
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Johnson, Peggy. "Planning and implementing a cross-training program." College & Research Libraries News 57, no. 10 (1996): 644–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/crln.57.10.644.

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Jamella Carrasco Clanes. "Influence of cross-training program to employee retention in selected Restaurants in Cabanatuan City Nueva Ecija." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 23, no. 3 (2024): 1191–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.23.3.2658.

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Restaurants are constantly looking for ways to improve the efficiency and productivity of their operations. One effective strategy is to implement a cross-training program among employees. By training staff for different tasks in the restaurant, it always ensures coverage and flexibility in case of unexpected absences or busy times. This study emphasized how Cross-Training programs affect the employees’ retention. Among one hundred twenty-five (125) employees of selected Restaurants in Cabanatuan City. This research through quantitative descriptive correlational analysis technique was able to analyze the influence of cross-training program and employees’ retention. Researcher were able to see what the cross-training program relationship is all about in the retention of staff. The Result of the study shows a significant relationship between Cross-training program and its effect to the growth and retention of employees. The organization should regularly engage in programs like Cross-training since it benefits the employees themselves by providing them with valuable skills and experience that can enhance their career growth within the restaurant industry. It allows them to gain a better understanding of different aspects of the business, leading to improved teamwork and communication among staff members.
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7

Somerville, Paige, Ryan Lindsay, and Elaine Nguyen. "Cross-Training Pharmacy Professionals as Community Health Workers." Pharmacy 11, no. 5 (2023): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy11050135.

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Community health workers (CHWs) are health professionals that connect the populations they serve to health services. They play a valuable role in assessing patients’ needs, linking patients with health and human resources, educating patients toward achieving optimal health, and advocating for their patients to have accessible resources to improve their health and wellbeing. Pharmacies are readily accessible and frequently utilized health locations that could employ CHWs. We describe a program to cross-train pharmacy professionals as CHWs. Pharmacy professionals were recruited to sign up for a 13-week CHW core competencies course that was offered in partnership with the state university Continuing Education Workforce Training. From March 2022 to June 2023, 23 pharmacy professionals completed the course. Post-course and program evaluations were completed by 10 participants, and they showed positive responses to their participation in the program. Participants appreciated learning the role of a CHW, and noted increased skills, and awareness of additional tools and resources. Participants reported 47 referrals to chronic disease programs and community resources. The program pilot results show successful partnerships for cross-training pharmacy professionals as CHWs. Cross-trained pharmacy professionals provide benefits to the communities they serve, by being a valuable resource for their patients.
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Heppner, Puncky Paul, and Kenneth T. Wang. "A Cross-Cultural Immersion Program." Counseling Psychologist 42, no. 8 (2014): 1159–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011000014548899.

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In contrast to the number of training programs that have been developed to promote multicultural awareness, knowledge, and skills, relatively few training programs exist to develop cross-national cultural competencies. This article describes an innovative combination of utilizing a semester-long preparatory seminar course where students are first introduced to the history and cultural context of Taiwan, and then engage in an intensive 12-day immersion program in Taiwan. Specifically, this article describes (a) our Cross-Cultural Immersion Program (CCIP), (b) a preparatory course designed to provide basic cultural information about Taiwan, and (c) a 12-day immersion experience model. Subsequently, learning outcomes are discussed within the major theoretical dimensions of the Cross-National Cultural Competence (CNCC) model, followed by a discussion of the pedagogical implications for training and research. Future educators must move our classrooms into the rich learning environments that cultural immersions provide.
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Komara, Carol, and Karen Stefaniak. "CROSS-TRAINING FOR OBSTETRICS USING AN INTERNSHIP PROGRAM." Journal for Nurses in Staff Development (JNSD) 14, no. 3 (1998): 154–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00124645-199805000-00007.

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PRYLEPA, IVAN. "CROSS-DISCIPLINARY APPROACH TO PROFESSIONAL TRAINING: INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE." Comparative Professional Pedagogy 11, no. 2 (2021): 75–82. https://doi.org/10.31891/2308-4081/2021-11(2)-8.

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The article considers the peculiarities of cross-disciplinary educational programs in various foreign educational institutions. Emphasis is placed on reforming the education system using a cross-disciplinary model of education in accordance with international standards and labor market requirements. The experience of implementing a cross- disciplinary approach in different specialties has been analyzed. Ways to equalize additional skills that are not provided by educational programs, using a cross-disciplinary approach have been outlined. The importance of using a cross-disciplinary approach as the main part of interdisciplinary studying has been emphasized. The necessity of using cross- disciplinary studying as an integral part of innovative educational techniques has been highlighted. Cross-disciplinarity is described as one of the main integrative teaching methods. Clear definitions of concepts of cross-disciplinarity, multidisciplinarity, and transdisciplinarity have been given. Cross-disciplinary approaches in educational programs at Brown University (Rhode Island, USA), Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University (Rhode Island, USA), Vienna University of Applied Arts (Universität für angewandte Wunst Wienst), IT University of Copenhagen (Copenhagen, Denmark), Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Roberts Wesleyan College (Rochester, NY), Harvard Graduate School of Education (Cambridge, MA) have been analyzed. Special attention has been paid to the Scholarly Concentrations program; a long- term mentoring program based on cross-disciplinary approach that covers all four years of study at Alpert Medical School. It is an optional element of the curriculum that provides students with additional opportunities to develop the skills and abilities through research, scientific and extracurricular experience in one of the twelve areas of science concentration.
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Arnold, Lindsay F., Shiva R. Zargham, Camille E. Gordon, et al. "Sexual Harassment during Residency Training: A Cross-Sectional Analysis." American Surgeon 86, no. 1 (2020): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313482008600130.

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The reality of sexual harassment is unmasking in many fields, and medical trainees constitute a vulnerable and at-risk group. We report the prevalence of sexual harassment among GI, internal medicine, and pediatric residents, with a focus on identifying underlying reasons for lack of victim reporting. A modified previously validated Department of Defense survey on sexual harassment was e-mailed to 261 GI, 132 pediatric, and 271 internal medicine program directors. Three hundred eighty-one residents responded to the survey. Female trainees were more likely to be subject to sexual harassment (83% vs 44%, P <0 .0001). Offensive and/or suggestive jokes and comments were the most common type of harassment experienced. Most residents were unlikely to report the offender (87% females, 93% males). Although 77 per cent of residents believed they would be supported by their program if they reported a sexual harassment event, only 43 per cent were aware of institutional support in place for victims at their program. Although there is a persistently high incidence of harassment in training, the avenues in which to report it are largely unknown and underused. Further research should focus on evidence-based interventions to encourage reporting and to design institutional programs for victims of sexual harassment.
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HANLEY, KATHLEEN, ELIZABETH K. KACHUR, and ADINAL KALET. "A Cross-training Program for Internal Medicine and Gynecology." Academic Medicine 76, no. 5 (2001): 577–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001888-200105000-00131.

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Littlepage, Glenn E., Michael B. Hein, Richard G. Moffett, Paul A. Craig, and Andrea M. Georgiou. "Team Training for Dynamic Cross-Functional Teams in Aviation." Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 58, no. 8 (2016): 1275–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018720816665200.

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Objective: This study evaluates the effectiveness of a training program designed to improve cross-functional coordination in airline operations. Background: Teamwork across professional specializations is essential for safe and efficient airline operations, but aviation education primarily emphasizes positional knowledge and skill. Although crew resource management training is commonly used to provide some degree of teamwork training, it is generally focused on specific specializations, and little training is provided in coordination across specializations. Method: The current study describes and evaluates a multifaceted training program designed to enhance teamwork and team performance of cross-functional teams within a simulated airline flight operations center. The training included a variety of components: orientation training, position-specific declarative knowledge training, position-specific procedural knowledge training, a series of high-fidelity team simulations, and a series of after-action reviews. Results: Following training, participants demonstrated more effective teamwork, development of transactive memory, and more effective team performance. Conclusion: Multifaceted team training that incorporates positional training and team interaction in complex realistic situations and followed by after-action reviews can facilitate teamwork and team performance. Application: Team training programs, such as the one described here, have potential to improve the training of aviation professionals. These techniques can be applied to other contexts where multidisciplinary teams and multiteam systems work to perform highly interdependent activities.
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Dabeek, Qasem Assad, Ismael Ahmad Zakarnih, Haifaa Abdallah Jomhoor, and Abderraouf Benabderrahman. "The Impact of the Cross Fit Program for 12 Weeks on the Maximum Oxygen Consumption and Some Body Components Among Students in the Military Sports Training Department at AL –istiqlal University for Security Sciences/Palestine." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 10, no. 12 (2023): 160–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.1012.15984.

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The research aims to investigate the impact of a 12-week Cross Fit program on the maximum oxygen consumption and some physiological components of the body among students of the Military Sports Training Department at University of AL-istiqlal for Security Sciences. The researchers utilized an experimental approach to achieve optimal results, focusing on the quality of the training program to understand its physiological effects on maximum oxygen consumption, various body components, and the performance of the students. The study examined the impact of two different training programs from The cross-fit program.The first program was applied on the experimental group, while the regular training program was implemented for the control group. The sample consisted of 40 military students from the Military Sports Training Department at AL-istiqlal University. They were purposively selected from the study population and were in good health The sample individuals were randomly assigned to two groups: control (20) and experimental (20). They were evaluated through measurements and physiological tests before and after a 12-week period of military training. The training program for the experimental group, known as Cross Fit, demonstrated a significant impact and improvement on maximum oxygen consumption and some body components "Where the improvement rate reached the maximum oxygen consumption (38.8%) milliliters/kg/min, the improvement rate on the body mass index (-9.95%) kg/m², and the improvement rate on muscle mass (9.67%) kg. The improvement rate on metabolic rate during rest for students was (5.55%) kcal/day. The experimental group showed a favorable outcome in the dimensional measurement. Researchers recommend the incorporation of diverse cross-fit exercises into daily military programs at AL-istiqlal University due to their numerous benefits on vital body functions and components."
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Lee, Changuk, and Kye‐Sung Chon. "An investigation of multicultural training practices in the restaurant industry: the training cycle approach." International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 12, no. 2 (2000): 126–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09596110010309934.

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The restaurant industry is dealing with diversity in terms of its workforce, international customers and multinational business operations. Acknowledging diversity through multicultural training is beginning to appear in some restaurant companies. This study investigates how franchised restaurants utilize multicultural training programs from a training cycle approach. The findings indicate that high employee turnover rates are the primary reason that the majority of companies do not have a cultural diversity training program. Companies with a diversity training program report that such training is successful in improving interpersonal cross‐cultural skills.
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Seguin, Rebecca A., Christina D. Economos, Ruth Palombo, Raymond Hyatt, Julia Kuder, and Miriam E. Nelson. "Strength Training and Older Women: A Cross-Sectional Study Examining Factors Related to Exercise Adherence." Journal of Aging and Physical Activity 18, no. 2 (2010): 201–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/japa.18.2.201.

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Background:Despite the recognized health benefits, few older women participate in strength-training exercises.Methods:The purpose of this study was to examine factors related to older women’s adherence to strength training after participation in the Strong Women Program, a nationally disseminated community program. Adherence was defined as ≥4 months of twice-weekly strength training. Surveys were sent to 970 program participants from 23 states and to participants’ corresponding program leaders. Five-hundred fifty-seven participants responded (57%).Results:Of respondents who completed surveys (527), 79% (415) adhered to strength training; adherers reported a mean of 14.1 ± 9.1 months of strength training. Logistic-regression analysis revealed that exercise adherence was positively associated with age (p= .001), higher lifetime physical activity levels (p= .045), better perceived health (p= .003), leader’s sports participation (p= .028), and leader’s prior experience leading programs (p= .006).Conclusion:These data lend insight to factors that may be related to exercise adherence among midlife and older women.
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Jandu, Simi, and Jennifer L. Carey. "Exploring Social Media Use Among Medical Students Applying for Residency Training: Cross-Sectional Survey Study." JMIR Medical Education 11 (February 21, 2025): e59417-e59417. https://doi.org/10.2196/59417.

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Abstract Background Since the COVID-19 pandemic, residency candidates have moved from attending traditional in-person interviews to virtual interviews with residency training programs. This transition spurred increased social media engagement by residency candidates, in an effort to learn about prospective programs, and by residency programs, to improve recruitment efforts. There is a paucity of literature on the effectiveness of social media outreach and its impact on candidates’ perceptions of residency programs. Objective We aimed to determine patterns of social media platform usage among prospective residency candidates and social media’s influence on students’ perceptions of residency programs. Methods A cross-sectional survey was administered anonymously to fourth-year medical students who successfully matched to a residency training program at a single institution in 2023. These data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, as well as thematic analysis for open-ended questions. Results Of the 148 eligible participants, 69 (46.6%) responded to the survey, of whom 45 (65.2%) used social media. Widely used social media platforms were Instagram (19/40, 47.5%) and Reddit (18/40, 45%). Social media influenced 47.6% (20/42) of respondents’ opinions of programs and had a moderate or major effect on 26.2% (11/42) of respondents’ decisions on program ranking. Resident-faculty relations and social events showcasing camaraderie and wellness were the most desired content. Conclusions Social media is used by the majority of residency candidates during the residency application process and influences residency program ranking. This highlights the importance of residency programs in leveraging social media usage to recruit applicants and provide information that allows the candidate to better understand the program.
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Bjerrum, Flemming, Jette Led Sorensen, Ebbe Thinggaard, Jeanett Strandbygaard, and Lars Konge. "Implementation of a Cross-specialty Training Program in Basic Laparoscopy." JSLS : Journal of the Society of Laparoendoscopic Surgeons 19, no. 4 (2015): e2015.00059. http://dx.doi.org/10.4293/jsls.2015.00059.

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Christofferson, Judith. "How to plan and implement an effective cross-training program." Performance + Instruction 33, no. 7 (1994): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pfi.4160330705.

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Olszewski, Abbie, Anna Panorska, and Sandra Laing Gillam. "Training Verbal and Nonverbal Communication Interview Skills to Adolescents." Communication Disorders Quarterly 38, no. 4 (2016): 206–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1525740116678095.

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Adolescents’ verbal and nonverbal communication skills were compared before and after training in a workforce readiness training program, Language for Scholars (LFS), and a study skills program, Ideal Student Workshop (ISW). A cross-over design was used, ensuring that 44 adolescents received both programs and acted as their own control. The LFS program incorporated aspects of modeling, operationalized behaviors, performance, feedback, and self-regulatory goal setting. The active comparison ISW program taught study skill strategies. Adolescents participated in three interviews before (Pretest) and after both programs (Posttest 1, Posttest 2). Findings revealed that both adolescents’ verbal and nonverbal communication skills improved significantly immediately after completion of the LFS program only at Posttest 1 and Posttest 2. However, only nonverbal communication skills improved at Posttest 1 when comparing results between LFS and ISW. Findings suggest that both programs yielded some positive outcomes for adolescents.
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Kurth, Jordan D., Christopher N. Sciamanna, Cheyenne Herrell, Matthew Moeller, and Jonathan G. Stine. "Comparing preferences to evaluations of barrier self-efficacy for two strength training programs in US older adults." PLOS ONE 19, no. 5 (2024): e0302892. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0302892.

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Background/Objectives Engagement in regular physical activity is one of the best strategies for older adults to remain healthy. Unfortunately, only 35% of older adults meet guidelines for muscle strengthening activities. Eliciting participant preferences is one possible way to improve physical activity engagement. However, other sources of participant input to improve uptake and maintenance remain uninvestigated. This study compared preferences to self-efficacy ratings for two strength training programs. Methods We conducted a national cross-sectional survey of 611 US adults over age 65. We compared two participant evaluations (the preferred program and the program for which they had higher barrier self-efficacy) of two hypothetical strength training programs (45 minutes performed three times per week (traditional) and 5 minutes performed daily (brief)). Results Most participants (68%) preferred the brief strength training program. The difference in self-efficacy ratings was an average of 1.2 (SD = 0.92). One in five participants preferred a strength training program for which they had less self-efficacy; nearly all of these participants (92%) preferred the traditional strength training program but had more self-efficacy for the brief strength training program. Conclusion Older adults reported preferring and having more self-efficacy for a brief compared to a traditional strength training program. Differences in self-efficacy ratings between the two strength training programs were large. Preferences were often not congruent with ratings of self-efficacy. Significance/Implications Preferences for strength training programming may not always reflect the program most likely to be maintained. Future investigations should evaluate differences in behavioral uptake, maintenance, and outcomes from two comparative strength training interventions using preferences and self-efficacy.
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Khairisna, Nandra, Sudjito Sudjito, Agus Heruanto Hadna, and Tatit Hariyanti. "Implementation Study of Youth Entrepreneurship Programs by Youth and Sports Centre in Yogyakarta to Improved the Economic Resilience in Special Region of Yogyakarta." Melayunesia Law 4, no. 2 (2020): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.30652/ml.v4i2.7757.

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This research examines the implementation of the entrepreneurship program, and how its implications for resilience. It analyzes the implementation of the entrepreneurship program that has been held by the local government Center for Youth and Sports in Special Region of Yogyakarta. The data collection technique was carried out in four stages; observation, interview, documentation, and literature study and used the cross-data method to validate the data. Entrepreneurship programs and training in Yogyakarta Center for Youth and Sports consist of youth participation programs through the socialization of youth entrepreneurship centers. The program aims to increase youth entrepreneurship and life skills development. This program is implemented through online marketing skills training activities. The results show that the Yogyakarta Center for Youth and Sports entrepreneurship programs and training have been held annually. In the program implementation, it can be seen that this program is able to give venture capital for young entrepreneurs to develop their business. However, this program has not yet reached young business owners who do not have the legality for their business entity. Online marketing skills training activities have also been carried out and get a good response from the participants who felt helped by this training. These programs and training have implications for increasing economic resilience that can be demonstrated through capital assistance for business owners to develop their businesses so that they can be able to meet their primary needs in business. Furthermore, it also brings impacts on job opportunities.
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Wiyadi, Muhammad Sholahuddin, Sarjito, Rara Yuni Rahmawati, and Sisca Dian Rahmawati. "Optimalisasi Tata Kelola dan Peningkatan Komitmen Organisasi: Studi Pada Pelatihan Kepemimpinan di PCIM Malaysia." Jurnal Pengabdian Nasional (JPN) Indonesia 5, no. 1 (2024): 204–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.35870/jpni.v5i1.654.

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Muhammadiyah, as an Islamic movement with a moderate and cosmopolitan vision, faces unique challenges in managing ethnic, cultural and religious diversity in various countries. The leadership of the Special Branch of Muhammadiyah (PCIM) in Malaysia, which oversees 10 Special Branch Leaders of Muhammadiyah (PRIM), faces obstacles in organizational commitment and governance. To overcome this, PKM-KI UMS proposed a solution through three training programs: Achievement Motivation Training, PDCA Training, and Islamic Leadership Training, with a focus on developing leadership modules. This program aims to increase organizational commitment and governance in PCIM and PRIM Malaysia, as well as strengthen the Muhammadiyah community in Malaysia in facing organizational governance challenges and promote Muhammadiyah's moderate and cosmopolitan vision amidst socio-cultural dynamics across nations and countries. Program methods include initial surveys, needs analysis, training design, evaluation, and program sustainability. The program results show that leadership training can significantly increase commitment and effectiveness of organizational governance. This program provides new insights into the importance of leadership training that focuses on aspects of Islamic motivation, management and leadership in the context of cross-cultural organizations.
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Eitzen, Melissa M., Estella Z. Jones, Jayco McCowan, and Trevor Brasel. "A Cross-Disciplinary Training Program for the Advancement of Medical Countermeasures." Health Security 17, no. 4 (2019): 344–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/hs.2019.0032.

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Shields, Richard K., Ken C. Leo, Andrew J. Messaros, and Virend K. Somers. "Effects of Repetitive Handgrip Training on Endurance, Specificity, and Cross–Education." Physical Therapy 79, no. 5 (1999): 467–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ptj/79.5.467.

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Abstract Background and Purpose. Exercise programs are more likely to be successful when they are based on research that predicts the outcomes of such training. This study determined the effect of submaximal rhythmic handgrip training on rhythmic handgrip endurance or work (RHW), isometric handgrip endurance time (IHE), and maximal voluntary isometric contraction for the handgrip force (MVIC) (in newtons). Subjects. Twenty–four male subjects (mean age=26.2 years) with right–hand dominance were randomly assigned to a regular training group (n=8), a low–level training group (n=8), or a control group (n=8). Methods. Rhythmic handgrip work, IHE, and MVIC were determined bilaterally before and after 6 weeks of a rhythmic right handgrip training program using 30% of MVIC. The low-level training group performed daily training with a near–zero load (<0.005% of MVIC). Results. There was a 1,232% increase in RHW and an 8% decrease in IHE after the training program using 30% of MVIC for the right hand. The left hand showed a 43% increase in RHW after training, whereas the low–level training group showed a 35% increase in RHW. No differences were found between the change in the left=hand RHW of the regular training group and the change in the right–hand RHW of the low–level training group, but both measurements were greater than the change in the control group (6.4%). Conclusion and Discussion. Submaximal handgrip endurance training at 30% of MVIC had a minimal effect on submaximal IHE and MVIC of the handgrip, but it had a large effect on RHW of the trained extremity. The regular training group and the low–level training group showed similar increases in cross–education, suggesting that cross–education during endurance training is not intensity–dependent.
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Baylis, Jared, Devin R. Harris, Charlie Chen, et al. "Palliative and end-of-life care education in Canadian emergency medicine residency programs: A national cross-sectional survey." CJEM 21, no. 2 (2019): 219–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cem.2018.470.

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ABSTRACTObjectivesEmergency physicians play an important role in providing care at the end-of-life as well as identifying patients who may benefit from a palliative approach. Several studies have shown that emergency medicine (EM) residents desire further training in palliative care. We performed a national cross-sectional survey of EM program directors. Our primary objective was to describe the number of Canadian postgraduate EM training programs with palliative and end-of-life care curricula.MethodsA 15-question survey in English and French was sent by email to all program directors of both the Canadian College of Family Physicians emergency medicine (CCFP(EM)) and the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada emergency medicine (RCPSC-EM) postgraduate training programs countrywide using FluidSurveys™ with a modified Dillman approach.ResultsWe received a total of 26 responses from the 36 (response rate = 72.2%) EM postgraduate programs in Canada. Ten out of 26 (38.5%) programs had a structured educational program pertaining to palliative and end-of-life care. Lectures or seminars were the exclusive choice to teach content. Clinical palliative medicine rotations were mandatory in one out of 26 (3.8%) programs. The top two barriers to implementation of palliative and end-of-life care curricula were lack of time (84.6%) and curriculum development concerns (80.8%).ConclusionsPalliative and end-of-life care training within EM has been identified as an area of need. This cross-sectional survey demonstrates that a minority of Canadian EM programs have palliative and end-of-life care curricula. It will be important for all EM training programs, RCPSC-EM and CCFP(EM), in Canada, to develop an agreed upon set of competencies and to structure their curricula around them.
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Alvarez, Kimberly J., Shannen Kirchner, Serena Chu, Sarah Smith, Wendy Winnick-Baskin, and Thelma J. Mielenz. "Falls Reduction and Exercise Training in an Assisted Living Population." Journal of Aging Research 2015 (2015): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/957598.

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Multicomponent exercise programs are currently an efficacious fall prevention strategy among community dwelling older adults although research documents differential falls susceptibility among frail older adults. This study aimed to examine the association between the Boston FICSIT (Frailty and Injuries: Cooperative Studies of Intervention Techniques) exercise program (the original exercise program to demonstrate that nursing home residents can increase strength) and falls incidents in an assisted living community. A descriptive cross-sectional study matched exercise charts for frequency and duration of training with number of reported fall incidents. Among 39 participants, 33% (n=13) reported a fall incident. Adults without a fall history reported more time in aerobic (26.30 versus 20.00,Pvalue=0.71) and strength (1.50 versus 0.50,Pvalue=0.01) training sessions compared to those with a fall history. Multivariate models adjusting for covariates illustrated a significant protective association between strength training and fall incidents (OR=0.25; 95%CI=0.07, 0.85). In this cross-sectional study, this progressive resistance exercise training program into an assisted living population was associated with a decrease in the number of fall incidents.
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Yu, XiNa, and Thawatchai Kanchanathaweekul. "Effects of Cross-Training Exercise Program to Improve Health-related Physical Fitness for University Students in Guangdong." International Journal of Sociologies and Anthropologies Science Reviews 3, no. 6 (2023): 247–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.60027/ijsasr.2023.3414.

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Background and Aim: Health-related physical fitness test is beneficial to the health-related physical fitness of college students. According to the researcher's survey, most students do not have an awareness of daily physical exercise, which leads to a decline in physical function and health-related physical fitness scores. The purpose of this paper is to study the effect of cross-training programs on improving college students' health-related physical fitness, to improve college students' health-related physical fitness scores by constructing an 8-week cross-training program, and to encourage students to actively participate in extracurricular physical exercise to promote health-related physical fitness and to form the awareness of lifelong sports. The results of this study show that cross-training can improve students' health-related physical fitness performance and that even after only 4 weeks of cross-training, students' health-related physical fitness performance can still make significant progress. Materials and Methods: The study involves Guangdong Province Foreign Language and Arts Vocational College of Catering and Tourism College 2022 students, the total number of grades 710 people, health-related physical fitness scores failed 66 people, using G-Power in 66 students to calculate the sample size of 28 students (14 male,14 female) aged between 18-22 years old. The research procedure started with anthropometric measurements: height, weight, BMI, body fat percentage, etc. Subsequently, cross-training was performed. Tests included: cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular strength, muscular endurance, and flexibility. The experiment lasted for eight weeks, with five one-hour training sessions per week. Subjects underwent Health-related physical fitness tests in the first, fourth, and eighth weeks. Results: The 8-week cross-training program reduced students' BMI and body fat percentage, and improved students' health-related physical fitness grades and physical fitness. The student's health-related physical fitness grades failed in the first week, improved significantly in the fourth week (67 points), and the average score in the eighth week (75 points) improved even more significantly. Conclusion: Constructing a cross-training program had a significant effect on improving cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular strength, muscular endurance, and flexibility in college students. It also increased their BMI and body fat percentage. It was concluded that an 8-week cross-training program decreased students' BMI and body fat levels while increasing muscle mass and improving health-related physical fitness scores, and students showed significant improvement in fitness scores in week 4 and even more significant improvement in week eight. Considering the positive effects of training on physical function and fitness, it is recommended that extracurricular sports be promoted so that more people can exercise in their spare time.
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Saddawi-Konefka, Daniel, and Shannon E. Scott-Vernaglia. "Establishing Psychological Safety to Obtain Feedback for Training Programs: A Novel Cross-Specialty Focus Group Exchange." Journal of Graduate Medical Education 11, no. 4 (2019): 454–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4300/jgme-d-19-00038.1.

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ABSTRACT Background Formative feedback from residents is essential to improve residency programs, and focus groups may provide rich information. However, residents may withhold information due to fear of retaliation or speak less candidly to please focus group moderators. Objective We assessed participant perceptions and utility of feedback obtained from a confidential focus group exchange between 2 residency programs. Methods Anesthesiology and pediatric programs at the same institution participated in 2017. Residents voluntarily provided program feedback during 1 of 2 confidential focus groups for each program. Each focus group was moderated by the program director (PD) of the other specialty. The PDs used thematic analysis to identify themes for use by the respective programs in improvement efforts. An anonymous survey was distributed after the focus groups to collect participant perceptions (quantitative and narrative) on this approach. Results Thirteen residents of 140 (9.3%) participated (7 anesthesiology, 6 pediatrics). Thematic feedback from focus groups was largely consistent with known issues, although novel information was also obtained (eg, pediatric interns wanted earlier one-on-one meetings with their PD). Survey data suggest that residents were able to share more meaningful feedback than they would otherwise, and they did not feel that having an external moderator (a PD who may have been unfamiliar with the specialty) was a barrier to discussion. The approach required 6 hours of time for each PD and approximately $200 for dinners. Conclusions The focus group exchange required modest resources, was perceived as safe by residents, and generated robust, actionable feedback for the programs.
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Breitbach, Anthony P., Kathrin Eliot, Micki Cuppett, Mardell Wilson, and Maria Chushak. "The Progress and Promise of Interprofessional Education in Athletic Training Programs." Athletic Training Education Journal 13, no. 1 (2018): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/130157.

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Context: Interprofessional education (IPE), an emerging theme in health professional education programs, intends to prepare students for collaborative practice in order to improve patient outcomes. In 2012, the profession of athletic training strategically began to increase program participation in IPE. Objective: This article compares 2 studies that examined the presence of IPE in athletic training. Design: Cross-sectional design utilizing similar surveys regarding athletic training program participation in, and readiness for, IPE initiatives were administered via Qualtrics in 2012 and 2015. Patients and Other Participants: Program directors of Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education–accredited athletic training programs were surveyed in 2012 and 2015 using the “Interprofessional Education Assessment and Planning Instrument for Academic Institutions” in addition to program demographic information and IPE participation. Data Collection and Analysis: The participants involved included 160 of 367 surveyed (43.6%) in 2012 and 162 of 380 surveyed (42.6%) in 2015. Results: Data were analyzed, and χ2 analysis revealed a significant relationship between level of accreditation and academic unit housing the program in both studies. Significant change was also shown in program participation in IPE from 2012 to 2015. However, institutional readiness and infrastructure for IPE was low in nearly all categories. Conclusions: Interprofessional education has a greater presence in Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education professional programs that reside in health science–related academic units and are accredited at the master's level. However, less than 50% of the programs participate in IPE. There is also a need for greater institutional infrastructure and readiness for IPE.
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Santos, M., A. Samouco, Z. Azvee, et al. "Leadership skills training in Psychiatry: A European-based cross-sectional survey." European Psychiatry 65, S1 (2022): S89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.265.

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Introduction Leadership in healthcare organisations is crucial to continually improve and provide high quality compassionate care. Leadership development and training enables the psychiatrists in developing these essential skills. Focusing on how to enhance leadership development through leadership skills training and experiential learning should be a priority. However, little is known about the extent to which this leadership skills training is available across Europe in the early stage of the career of psychiatrists. Objectives To investigate the access to leadership development opportunities among European psychiatric trainees and early career psychiatrists (ECPs) and their perceptions related to leadership skills training. Methods Cross-sectional study, using an online survey consisting of multiple-choice questions and free text responses. Results Participants from 33 European countries took part in this survey, where the majority were female. More than half were general adult psychiatric trainees and more than a quarter ECPs. About half indicated having no access to leadership skills training within their training program, with only about 10% being satisfied with the training received. About half sought additional training outside their program. A vast majority requested training in leadership skills to be included in a psychiatric training program. Conclusions Our study provides an overview of important gaps in availability and access to leadership skills training amongst psychiatric trainees and ECPs across Europe. We hope that this study will help inform future actions pertaining to development and improvement of leadership skills training for trainees and ECPs across Europe. Disclosure No significant relationships.
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Swain, Greg M. "Research collaboration: Cross-disciplinary training in sustainable chemistry and chemical processes." Open Access Government 43, no. 1 (2024): 348–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.56367/oag-043-11051.

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Research collaboration: Cross-disciplinary training in sustainable chemistry and chemical processes Greg M. Swain, Professor of Chemistry in the Department of Chemistry at Michigan State University, is researching cross-disciplinary training in sustainable chemistry and chemical processes. Here, he emphasizes the importance of teamwork for effective research collaborations. The Research Experiences for Undergraduates (REU) program in the Department of Chemistry at Michigan State University aims to educate students majoring in chemistry, biochemistry, and chemical engineering about significant societal sustainability challenges. The program provides graduate-level interdisciplinary research experiences that address various aspects of these challenges.
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Trisnawati, Wisda, Masyitoh Basabih, and Basrin Harsono Sigalingging. "Training Management Analysis In Medical Service Training Program." Jurnal Riset Kesehatan 13, no. 2 (2024): 97–105. https://doi.org/10.31983/jrk.v13i2.11385.

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Indonesia still faces a problem with the quality of its human resource for health, despite the potential for improvement through training. According to the Ministry of Health data from 2022, only 44,391 out of 1,440,130 healthcare workers (3%) received accredited training., with many lacking a proper management process. The purpose of this study is to analyze the management of health worker training at Medstrap, organized by Company X using the Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement, Evaluate (ADDIE) Model. Researcher uses a cross-sectional design with a qualitative approach and uses in-depth interviews, observation, and document review. The result are: The analysis phase of training lacks depth, making it difficult to identify clear objectives, which are essential for developing a training roadmap. In the design phase, the absence of a clear blueprint for learning objectives and materials impacts the selection of methods and resources. Delivery and time management are big problems that can be seen from the implementation of training, which is influenced by the ability of the presenter to communicate and master the participants. Evaluation is limited by inadequate time and presenter capabilities, making it hard to measure training outcomes effectively. These issues, particularly in the analysis phase, highlight the need for improvement in the Medstrap process.
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Dicks, Ian D. "Language capacity is not enough: Be intentional about growing culture and worldview understanding." Missiology: An International Review 46, no. 3 (2018): 268–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0091829618769903.

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Understanding a community’s culture and worldview and having capacity in their first language are considered essential elements for engaging in contextual cross-cultural ministry. Many sending organizations provide training, time, resources and programs to help cross-cultural workers grow their language capacity. The same provisions, however, are not often made for gaining culture and worldview understanding. The reasons for this are varied, but include: a tacit belief that adequate culture and worldview understanding occurs naturally with the gaining of language capacity; a belief that workers come equipped for gaining culture and worldview understanding; a lack of suitable culture and worldview inquiry programs, as well as a lack of trained personnel to facilitate them. An Australian cross-cultural ministry sending organization is seeking to address this imbalance structurally in their organization by developing and providing cross-cultural workers with a culture and worldview inquiry program, the facilitation of each cross-cultural worker’s culture and language program, and by training cross-cultural workers in culture and worldview inquiry methods. The results of this are that individuals and teams are growing their language capacities and their understanding of their host communities’ cultures and worldviews, and are applying this knowledge to their engagement with the communities with whom they work.
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Joubert, Dustin, Gary Oden, and Brent Estes. "The Effects Of Ellipical Cross Training on VO2 max in Recently Trained Runners." International Journal of Exercise Science 4, no. 1 (2011): 4–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.70252/xtlo7148.

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This study examined the effects of elliptical cross training on VO2max in recently-trained runners. 12 female and 8 male participants (mean  SD; age = 23.70  6.33 years, body mass index = 24.85  5.89 kg/m2) completed an initial four-week run training program, exercising four days/week, 30 minutes/day, at 80% maximal heart rate. VO2max was predicted based on the duration of a Bruce graded-maximal treadmill test (GXT) prior to and after the run training. After initial training phase and post-test, subjects volunteered for the detrain group (n = 6) or were assigned to the run (n = 7) or elliptical (n = 7) based on a matched-pair design. Elliptical and run groups exercised three weeks under same prescription as initial program. GXT again performed after mode-specific training phase. VO2max (ml/kg/min) increased (p < 0.001) from the pre-training (39.89  10.74) to post-training (41.66  10.90) after the initial run training program. Although not statistically significant, VO2max declined (0.8% running, 1.5% elliptical, and 4.8% detraining) for all groups following the additional mode-specific program. Despite declines, repeated measures ANOVA showed no significant differences within or between groups before and after the mode-specific training phase. However, dependent sample t-test did reveal a decline (p < 0.05) in GXT time (minutes) for the detrain group from before (11.01  2.80) and after (10.54  2.72) their detrain phase. Future research should determine if elliptical exercise maintains VO2max when away from running for longer periods.
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Khmelnytska, Olena S., Yuliia M. Bahno, Olena M. Serhiychuk, Larysa V. Tkachenko, and Svitlana M. Tanana. "Practice in the system of training the future educator." Linguistics and Culture Review 5, S4 (2021): 311–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.21744/lingcure.v5ns4.1583.

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A cross-cutting program is an educational document that regulates the purpose, content, the chain of practices. Teachers of the university departments develop the work programs on the basis of a cross-cutting program since it contains recommendations on the types and forms of control over the level of knowledge, skills, and abilities that students should acquire. The authors studied training of the future teachers in the course of educational-productive practice in secondary schools and estimated its effectiveness. During the study, research and empirical methods were used, as well as methods of mathematical statistics. The link between the educational process of higher educational institutions and pedagogical practice in general secondary educational institutions was analyzed. The peculiarities of pedagogical practice and its influence on the formation of general and professional competences were revealed. It was concluded that practical training is an important component in teachers’ preparation and their self-affirmation.
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Fedosov, Artem V., Robert R. Musin, Semen S. Panin, and Elena Yu Tumanova. "EXPERIENCE IN IMPLEMENTATION OF CROSS DISCIPLINARY TRAINING ON OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY." Oil and Gas Business, no. 2 (April 17, 2024): 95–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.17122/ogbus-2024-2-95-110.

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The relevance of this article is related to the mandatory training in labor protection to meet the qualifications of specialists. The scientific article highlights the problem of the ineffectiveness of occupational safety training, focused exclusively on theoretical knowledge without a practical component. Lack of practice limits the application of theoretical knowledge in real situations, which leads to insufficient safety in the workplace. The relevance of the article is emphasized by the mandatory nature of occupational safety training and its importance for improving working conditions. Cross-disciplinary training is proposed as a solution to the problem, facilitating the exchange of experience, improving communication and developing collective skills. For optimal results in the field of occupational safety, it is proposed to develop cross-disciplinary training programs with a practical component.Program of additional professional education «Occupational Safety and Health. Workshop», developed jointly by the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Ufa State Petroleum Technical University» and PJSC «Gazprom Neft», is a practical step in solving the identified problems. Analysis of the results, study of standards and interviews with the target audience of the training made it possible to create a program aimed at developing not only theoretical, but also practical skills necessary to ensure safety in the workplace.As a result, the implementation of such programs will be a key step in improving the skills of workers, ensuring occupational safety and minimizing the risk of accidents at work. The transition to cross-disciplinary training in occupational safety and health is a vector for further research and development, which is important not only from a practical, but also from a socio-economic point of view.
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Pietrobon, Adam, Elina K. Cook, Charles Yin, Derek C. H. Chan, and Tina B. Marvasti. "International training considerations of Canadian Clinician-Scientist Trainees - A national survey." Clinical and Investigative Medicine 43, no. 4 (2020): E2–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.25011/cim.v43i4.35003.

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Purpose: Canadian clinician-scientist trainees enrolled in dual degree programs often pursue an extended training route following completion of MD and MSc or PhD degrees. However, the proportion, plans and reasoning of trainees who intend to pursue training internationally following dual degree completion has not been investigated. In this study, we assessed the international training considerations of current clinician-scientist trainees.
 
 Methods: We designed an 11-question survey, which was sent out by program directors to all current MDPhD program and Clinician Investigator Program (CIP) trainees. Responses were collected from July 8, 2019 to August 8, 2019.
 
 Results: We received a total of 191 responses, with representation from every Canadian medical school and both MD-PhD program and CIP trainees. The majority of trainees are considering completing additional training outside Canada, most commonly post-doctoral and/or clinical fellowships. The most common reasons for considering international training include those related to quality and prestige of training programs. In contrast, the most common reasons for considering staying in Canada for additional training are related to personal and ethical reasons. Irrespective of intentions to pursue international training, the majority of trainees ultimately intend to establish a career in Canada.
 
 Conclusion: While most trainees are considering additional training outside of Canada due to prestige and quality of training, the majority of trainees intend to pursue a career as a clinician-scientist back in Canada. Trainees would likely benefit from improved guidance and mentorship on the value of international training, as well as enhanced support in facilitating cross-border mobility.
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González-Alonso, Valentín, María del Carmen Usero-Pérez, Raquel Seguido Chacón, et al. "Evaluation of the Impact of a Tourniquet Training Program: A Cross-Sectional Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 3 (2023): 2742. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032742.

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Among the main preventable causes of death in the area of operations is external exsanguinating hemorrhage in the extremities, hence the importance of the tourniquet as a therapeutic tool in this type of injury and, therefore, of the training of personnel participating in international missions. The main objective of this study is to determine the impact of training in the application of this device. This is a quasi-experimental, prospective, cross-sectional study, carried out with 97 healthy volunteers, military personnel who perform their work in the Royal Guard barracks of El Pardo. The study was conducted between June 2019 and July 2021. The correct determination of the device placement site and the times of correct device placement were evaluated by determining whether there was blood flow using Doppler ultrasound measurements. Statistically significant results were obtained for application time (76.68 s to 58.06 s; p < 0.001), correct device placement (p < 0.001), and achievement of complete ischemia in the upper extremity (23.7% pretest vs. 24.7% post-test; p < 0.001). In the lower extremity, after training, longer application duration (43.33 s to 47.30 s) and lower ischemia achievement (59.8% pretest vs. 37.8% post-test) were obtained. Standardized and regulated training improves device application. More intensive training is necessary to obtain better results.
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Walker, Stacy E., Thomas G. Weidner, and Kirk J. Armstrong. "Evaluation of Athletic Training Students' Clinical Proficiencies." Journal of Athletic Training 43, no. 4 (2008): 386–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-43.4.386.

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Abstract Context: Appropriate methods for evaluating clinical proficiencies are essential in ensuring entry-level competence. Objective: To investigate the common methods athletic training education programs use to evaluate student performance of clinical proficiencies. Design: Cross-sectional design. Setting: Public and private institutions nationwide. Patients or Other Participants: All program directors of athletic training education programs accredited by the Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs as of January 2006 (n = 337); 201 (59.6%) program directors responded. Data Collection and Analysis: The institutional survey consisted of 11 items regarding institutional and program demographics. The 14-item Methods of Clinical Proficiency Evaluation in Athletic Training survey consisted of respondents' demographic characteristics and Likert-scale items regarding clinical proficiency evaluation methods and barriers, educational content areas, and clinical experience settings. We used analyses of variance and independent t tests to assess differences among athletic training education program characteristics and the barriers, methods, content areas, and settings regarding clinical proficiency evaluation. Results: Of the 3 methods investigated, simulations (n = 191, 95.0%) were the most prevalent method of clinical proficiency evaluation. An independent-samples t test revealed that more opportunities existed for real-time evaluations in the college or high school athletic training room (t189 = 2.866, P = .037) than in other settings. Orthopaedic clinical examination and diagnosis (4.37 ± 0.826) and therapeutic modalities (4.36 ± 0.738) content areas were scored the highest in sufficient opportunities for real-time clinical proficiency evaluations. An inadequate volume of injuries or conditions (3.99 ± 1.033) and injury/condition occurrence not coinciding with the clinical proficiency assessment timetable (4.06 ± 0.995) were barriers to real-time evaluation. One-way analyses of variance revealed no difference between athletic training education program characteristics and the opportunities for and barriers to real-time evaluations among the various clinical experience settings. Conclusions: No one primary barrier hindered real-time clinical proficiency evaluation. To determine athletic training students' clinical proficiency for entry-level employment, athletic training education programs must incorporate standardized patients or take a disciplined approach to using simulation for instruction and evaluation.
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Nor, Abdijabbar Ismail. "Small and medium-sized enterprises: A tool for socioeconomic development." International Journal of ADVANCED AND APPLIED SCIENCES 11, no. 12 (2024): 116–28. https://doi.org/10.21833/ijaas.2024.12.014.

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Small and medium-sized enterprises are universally recognized as critical catalysts for socioeconomic development. Therefore, this study explores the empirical relationship between SMEs and economic growth, job creation, income generation, and poverty reduction. Through a cross-sectional research design, data was gathered via a questionnaire from 130 participants, including SMEs owners, operators, and young entrepreneurs who received training from entrepreneurship training programs such as the Next Economy program by SIMAD-Innovation Lab and the Start-Improve Your Business (SIYB) Training program by the International Labor Organization (ILO), as well as the entrepreneurship training program provided by Jamhuriya Incubation Centre (JIC). The study employed partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to test the hypotheses through SmartPLS (v.4.0.9.5). The study found that SMEs significantly contribute to economic growth, job creation, income generation, and poverty reduction. The findings provide significant implications for governments, international organizations, financial institutions, and policymakers, emphasizing integrating SMEs development initiatives into national development plans to improve social and economic development.
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Tommasi, Francesco, Andrea Ceschi, Sara Bollarino, Silvia Belotto, Silvia Genero, and Riccardo Sartori. "Enhancing Critical Thinking Skills and Media Literacy in Initial VET Students: A Mixed Methods Study on a Cross-Country Training Program." International Journal for Research in Vocational Education and Training 10, no. 2 (2023): 239–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.13152/ijrvet.10.2.5.

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Context: In the last few decades, the constant and exponential changes in the society's consumption of information have increased the awareness of practitioners from the education and training field, on the need for training programs for the enhancement of critical thinking skills and media literacy among students from Initial Vocational Education and Training (IVET) who are less exposed to intellectual trainings than their peers in traditional education pathways. Approach: With this impetus, the present paper reports the results of a mixed methods study evaluating a training program for such competences. Based on a cognitive psychology theoretical framework, the training program consisted in three main techniques through which trainers can work with students in the classroom. N= 35 trainers from five different countries (i.e., Greece, Italy, Spain, Portugal, and the Netherlands) were instructed about the training techniques and implemented them in their training centres. Then, a total of N= 288 students among these countries were involved in the testing of the training, which took place on a duration average of 5 months. Mixed methods approach was used to evaluate the effectiveness and quality of the training. Notably, prospective statistical analysis evaluated the training's impact of the participating students and compared with a control group. Qualitative interviews examined the training's lived experience with a group of students and trainers. Findings: The quantitative and qualitative analysis of pre/post- measures of critical thinking skills and media literacy of the experimental group, and the comparison with the control group, indicate an increase in these competences and confirm the efficacy of the training intervention. Conclusion: These results inform about the usefulness of the training program cross-culturally and the feasibility of training strategies based on cognitive psychology. Moreover, the paper offers a methodological contribution thanks to the proposition of the mixed methods approach for training programs assessment.
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Muthuvel, Srividya. "COMMUNITY AND CROSS CULTURAL PHYCHOLOGY." Edumania-An International Multidisciplinary Journal 02, no. 01 (2024): 54–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.59231/edumania/9018.

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Community psychology is a field of psychology that focuses on the relationship between individuals and their communities. It seeks to understand how social and environmental factors can influence mental health and well-being. Cross-cultural psychology is a subfield of psychology that studies the similarities and differences in human behaviour across cultures. These two fields of psychology intersect in the study of cross-cultural communities. Cross-cultural communities are those that are made up of people from different cultures. These communities can be found in both urban and rural settings, and they can be composed of immigrants, refugees, or people who have simply chosen to live in a community that is different from their own culture. Cross-cultural communities can face several challenges, including language barriers, discrimination, and cultural misunderstandings. These challenges can have a negative impact on the mental health and well-being of community members. Community psychologists can play a valuable role in helping cross-cultural communities. They can work to improve communication and understanding between people from different cultures. They can also help to develop programs and services that meet the needs of the community. One example of a community psychology program that is designed to help cross-cultural communities is the Refugee Mental Health Program in the United States. This program provides mental health services to refugees and immigrants who are struggling to adjust to life in the United States. The program also provides education and support to community members about refugee and immigrant mental health issues. Another example of a community psychology program that is designed to help cross-cultural communities is the Intercultural Community Development Program in Canada. This program works to build bridges between different cultural groups in Canadian communities. The program provides training and resources to community leaders and organizations on how to promote intercultural understanding and respect.
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Mazur, Rebecca, and Rebecca H. Woodland. "Evaluation of a cross-cultural training program for Pakistani educators: Lessons learned and implications for program planning." Evaluation and Program Planning 62 (June 2017): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2017.02.011.

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Weir, J. P., T. J. Housh, L. L. Weir, and G. O. Johnson. "1059 THE EFFECT OF A UNILATERAL ISOMETRIC STRENGTH TRAINING PROGRAM ON JOINT ANGLE SPECIFICITY AND CROSS-TRAINING." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 26, Supplement (1994): S189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-199405001-01061.

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Subramanian, Ram, Tripti Singh, Ram Misra, and C. Jayachandran. "Infosys Technologies Limited: The Global Talent Program." Asian Case Research Journal 12, no. 02 (2008): 249–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218927508001126.

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Infosys Technologies Limited, the Bangalore-based information technology company, embarked on a global recruitment program in 2006. The first batch of recruits from U.S. universities were brought to the company's Mysore training facility in India and put through a rigorous 16-week training program. By November 2007, the third U.S. batch was on campus for training along with the first batch from the U.K. Each of these batches had around 125 recruits. The company's CEO had charged Infosys' Head of Administration and Human Resources Development, Mohandas Pai, to step up the recruiting to around 1,000 overseas recruits a year from countries such as the US, UK, continental Europe, and China as a way to globalize the workforce. Pai was concerned that this ambitious recruitment program would strain the company's training function. His concern stemmed from the fact that the trainers had to deal with cultural differences and varied learning styles of overseas recruits. The trainers had done a commendable job of making adjustments while training was ongoing, but Pai wondered if the same adjustments could be made when the scale of recruits increased dramatically. This case is useful for examining the issues of training capacity and cross-cultural training.
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Mohamad, Nur Izzaty, and Ishak Abd Rahman. "Supervisors’ Roles in Training Program Culture, Training Intrinsic Motivation and Knowledge Transfer: an Empirical Study." International Journal of Professional Business Review 8, no. 2 (2023): e01539. http://dx.doi.org/10.26668/businessreview/2023.v8i2.1539.

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Purpose: This study examines the mediating role of training intrinsic motivation in the relationship between supervisors’ roles in training program culture and knowledge transfer in the Malaysian public sector. Thus, the research question is, “what is the effect of the supervisors’ roles in training program culture, training intrinsic motivation on knowledge transfer in the public sector context?”
 
 Theoretical framework: The framework of the study is adopted from the attributes of (1) leadership, (2) social learning, (3) beliefs and (4) employee performance. This framework aims to provide an understanding of how these variables affect the supervisors’ roles in training program culture, intrinsic motivation and knowledge transfer.
 
 Design/methodology/approach: A cross-sectional study was used to collect 544 survey questionnaires from employees at different divisions/departments in the Malaysian public sector. The SmartPLS is utilized to evaluate the quality of the study’s instrument and subsequently test the study’s hypotheses.
 
 Findings: The structural equation modelling test indicated that knowledge transfer is affected by supervisors’ roles in training program culture. Hence, the effect of supervisors’ roles in the administration of training programs on knowledge transfer is mediated by training intrinsic motivation. This finding will benefit supervisors, managers and operation employees, as well as studies related to training intrinsic motivation in dynamic organizations.
 
 Research: In the theoretical context, this study confirmed that the training’s intrinsic motivation is an effective mediating variable in the relationship between supervisors’ roles in training program culture and knowledge transfer. Meanwhile, in the managerial implication, supervisors should provide direction and assistance to subordinates and practice open communication to help them enhance performance. A communication technique relevant to the work environment will help employees increase knowledge transfer and public sector performance in the future.
 
 Originality/value: This study is to refine the role of supervisors and create a culture of effective training in public sector culture. These findings should be considered by the public sector in the context of training programs.
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48

Dearie, Alyson, Deborah Van Langen, Julie M. Cavallario, and Sonya A. Comins. "Factors Influencing a Student's Choice of a Graduate Professional Athletic Training Program." Athletic Training Education Journal 15, no. 3 (2020): 177–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/150119115.

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Context As the professional degree in athletic training transitions to the master's level, a growing concern for programs is enrollment. Understanding the factors that influence a student's choice of a graduate program in athletic training will provide institutions with vital information for marketing and enrollment management. Objective To explore factors that influence a student's choice of a professional graduate athletic training program. Design Cross-sectional. Setting Online survey. Patients or Other Participants A total of 52 participants from a convenience sample of 140 graduate students enrolled in a graduate professional athletic training program completed the survey: 43 females (82.7%) and 9 males (17.3%). Data Collection and Analysis Data collection took place over 4 weeks between April and May 2019. Participants completed an online questionnaire that consisted of 11 demographic items, 6 Likert-scale items about factors that may have influenced school choice, and 2 open-ended questions about career goals and pursuing a doctoral degree. We calculated descriptive statistics, frequency distributions, and percentages. Results Factors ranked as very important in influencing a student's choice fell within the categories of athletic training program and athletic training program faculty. Those ranked as not important were related to ethnicity and gender. Additionally, over half of the participants indicated an intended career path within the college or professional setting. Conclusions Although a variety of factors can influence a student's choice of graduate school, today's consumer seems mostly interested in program factors such as Board of Certification pass rate, accreditation status, and clinical sites. As programs transition to the graduate level, marketing and recruitment strategies should be designed around these factors to ensure enrollment.
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Fritzsche, Kurt, Peter Scheib, Nayeong Ko, et al. "Results of a psychosomatic training program in China, Vietnam and Laos: successful cross-cultural transfer of a postgraduate training program for medical doctors." BioPsychoSocial Medicine 6, no. 1 (2012): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1751-0759-6-17.

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50

Oh, Melissa S., Anita B. Sethna, and Oswaldo A. Henriquez. "Craniomaxillofacial Trauma Experience in Otolaryngology Residency: A National Survey of Program Directors." Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction 12, no. 2 (2019): 134–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1660442.

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This article aimed to assess the depth and volume of craniomaxillofacial (CMF) trauma exposure and education in otolaryngology residency training in the United States. This is a cross-sectional survey. A 15-question web-based survey was distributed to program directors of 106 Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME)-approved otolaryngology residency programs to inquire about program size and demographics, trauma coverage, case volume, and education. Responses were collected anonymously. A total of 77 responses were received, representing 73% of residency programs. Seventy-five programs (97%) reported that their residents rotated at a level 1 trauma center, and 72 (94%) covered CMF trauma. Sixty-one programs (79%) included pediatric CMF trauma. The majority of programs (76%) allocated less than 10% of residency-dedicated didactic lecture time to CMF trauma. Residents in all programs typically logged at least 11 to 20 cases before graduation with 24% of programs averaging more than 50 cases per resident. Ninety percent of respondents described the training as “somewhat” to “very adequate.” CMF coverage by the otolaryngology department, number of cases, and dedicated didactic lecture time to CMF trauma were significant factors on the perception of adequate training. The majority of program directors felt that the training in CMF trauma was adequate. Reasons for this may include that most residents rotate at level 1 trauma centers, have exposure to pediatric trauma, encounter an adequate volume of cases, and have dedicated didactic time to CMF education.
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