Academic literature on the topic 'Crossing structure'

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Journal articles on the topic "Crossing structure"

1

Li, Jia Wen, Xu Chen, and Bang De Li. "Frame Structure Bridge Design CAD Software Systems." Advanced Materials Research 562-564 (August 2012): 768–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.562-564.768.

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After the railway speeding-up, a large number of railway level-crossing has changed to the underpass or overpass type of structure. In the underpass type of structure, the most of structure take the underpass bridges or frame bridge structure. This paper put forward the level-crossing rebuild into the frame structure bridge method of design, through using the object-oriented program design method realizes the frame structure bridge automatic design analysis,calculation and drawing process, greatly enhancing the frame structure bridge design work efficiency, accelerating the changing level crossing to grade rate, and eliminating the safety trouble of crossings.
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2

Milauskas, Steven J. "Low-Water Stream Crossing Options for Southern Haul Roads." Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 12, no. 1 (1988): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/12.1.11.

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Abstract Low-water stream crossings provide an alternative to conventional drainage structures of culverts and bridges. Creative design and sound analysis of crossing options is necessary to minimize channel disturbance. Costs vary greatly depending on the structure type, stream characteristics, and availability of labor and materials. Simple fords consisting of crushed stone or gravel, rock-filled gabions, or concrete structures can provide economical, low-maintenance stream crossings. Fords vented with pipe or concrete box culverts, though more costly, allow placement on perennial streams. All low-water crossings require careful planning to mesh environmental impact, site characteristics, operations requirements, and cost considerations. South. J. Appl. For. 12(1):11-15.
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3

Mata, Cristina, Jesús Herranz, and Juan E. Malo. "Attraction and Avoidance between Predators and Prey at Wildlife Crossings on Roads." Diversity 12, no. 4 (2020): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d12040166.

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Wildlife passages are currently built at roads and railway lines to re-establish connectivity. However, little is known about whether predator-prey interactions may reduce the effectiveness of the crossing structures. We evaluated the co-occurrence patterns of predator-prey species-pairs at 113 crossing structures, noting their coincidence at the same structure and/or on the same day. We built occupancy models using presence-absence matrices for three prey and five predator types obtained during 2076 passage-days of monitoring. The results indicate that predators and prey do not use passages independently. Attraction or segregation effects occurred in 20% of predator-prey species-pairs and were detected in 67% of cases with respect to same-day use. Our results show that both predator and prey species used the same structures to cross fenced roads. However, the spatial and daily patterns of crossing suggest that there were predators that attended crossings to search for prey and that prey species avoided using crossings in the presence of predators. Our results support two recommendations to avoid crossing structures losing effectiveness or becoming prey traps: (i) increase the number of wider structures to reduce the risks of predator-prey encounters and (ii) include inside them structural heterogeneity and refuges, to reduce the likelihood for predator-prey interactions.
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4

Backofen, Rolf, Gad M. Landau, Mathias Möhl, Dekel Tsur, and Oren Weimann. "Fast RNA structure alignment for crossing input structures." Journal of Discrete Algorithms 9, no. 1 (2011): 2–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jda.2010.07.004.

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5

Waluś, Konrad J., Jakub Polasik, Janusz Mielniczuk, and Łukasz Warguła. "Experimental tests of vehicle body accelerations at selected road and rail crossings." MATEC Web of Conferences 254 (2019): 04002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201925404002.

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Vehicles moving across the railway are exposed to the dynamic reaction of unevenness of surface on those level crossing. This significantly influences on the increase of the acceleration as well as forces values transferred to the body of the car. These values depend to extent on the geometric parameters of level crossing as well as on the characteristics of the car tires and suspension. The paper presents the results of experimental tests of a small delivery vehicle crossing selected level crossings with a diversified geometric cross-section structure.
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6

Galinsky, Vitaly L., and Lawrence R. Frank. "The Lamellar Structure of the Brain Fiber Pathways." Neural Computation 28, no. 11 (2016): 2533–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco_a_00896.

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We present a quantitative statistical analysis of pairwise crossings for all fibers obtained from whole brain tractography that confirms with high confidence that the brain grid theory (Wedeen et al., 2012a ) is not supported by the evidence. The overall fiber tracts structure appears to be more consistent with small angle treelike branching of tracts rather than with near-orthogonal gridlike crossing of fiber sheets. The analysis uses our new method for high-resolution whole brain tractography that is capable of resolving fibers crossing of less than 10 degrees and correctly following a continuous angular distribution of fibers even when the individual fiber directions are not resolved. This analysis also allows us to demonstrate that the whole brain fiber pathway system is very well approximated by a lamellar vector field, providing a concise and quantitative mathematical characterization of the structural connectivity of the human brain.
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7

Chirikov, B. V., and V. V. Vecheslavov. "Multiple separatrix crossing: A chaos structure." Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics 90, no. 5 (2000): 897–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/1.559177.

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8

Fleiner, Tamás, and Tibor Jordán. "Coverings and structure of crossing families." Mathematical Programming 84, no. 3 (1999): 505–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s101070050035.

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9

Gittings, Gary L., Darren J. Torbic, and Leonard A. Zangwill. "Evaluation of Planning and Design Issues for Multiuse Trail and Highway Crossings." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1538, no. 1 (1996): 102–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196153800114.

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Across the country a network of multiuse trails is evolving from abandoned rail corridors. This phenomenon creates a new set of demands on public highway and transportation agencies. These demands are most evident at public highway crossings of rail-trail projects. These demands raise new policy, planning, and engineering issues. The most difficult and controversial of the engineering issues is whether to retain or remove grade-separating rail structures. The issue often pits trail advocates against public highway and transportation engineers in a debate over whether safety is enhanced or degraded by the removal of the structure. Decisions on structures rely on a variety of factors, including the physical condition of the structure; the alignment, clearance, and sightlines at the crossing; the quality of trail plans; and the magnitude and division of responsibility for current and future costs. To effectively resolve trail and highway crossing issues, it is important to recognize that, in matters related to the crossings, the highway or transportation agency's customer base includes trail users as well as motor vehicle drivers and passengers. Decisions on crossing issues should evolve from a balanced appraisal of the sometimes differing safety and operating needs of trail as well as highway users. The process of reaching balanced, multimodal design decisions begins with better public planning before rail line abandonment. The state highway or transportation agency can enhance its decision making through better communication, coordination, and encouragement of trail planning with sister state agencies, local government(s), regional planning agencies, and trail development organizations.
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10

Holtberget, Simen Hellgren, Xu Xiang, Cato Dørum, Johannes Veie, and Arianna Minoretti. "The Choice of Materials for the E39 Fjord Crossing Project." Nordic Concrete Research 61, no. 2 (2019): 39–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ncr-2019-0016.

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Abstract In the studies for crossing the long and deep Norwegian fjords along the E39 road, on the west coast of Norway, some challenging structures have been evaluated. Some of them are known structures, like floating bridges, and some others are structures never built before, like suspension bridges on tension leg platforms and submerged floating tube bridges. In the development of the feasibility studies for these crossings, the choice of materials has played an important role. The materials influence not only the design and the cost, but also the behaviour of the structure towards the environmental loads and some particular loads as the ship collision. The article illustrates the different solutions proposed for the fjord crossings and discusses the influence in the choice of the material, with special regards to the type of concrete. The pros and cons of the application of the light weight concrete are discussed.
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