To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Crotch curve.
Journal articles on the topic 'Crotch curve'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 20 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Crotch curve.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Gu, Bingfei, Wenping Lin, Junqiang Su, and Bugao Xu. "Predicting distance ease distributions on crotch curves of customized female pants." International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology 29, no. 1 (March 6, 2017): 47–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcst-11-2015-0122.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to focus on solving a fit problem associated with female pants by taking into account the body shape of crotch curves. The patterns of customized pants could be altered with the distance ease (DE) distribution along the crotch curve. Design/methodology/approach Four pairs of pants with different crotch ease allowances were designed based on a standard mannequin, and used to study how the DE was distributed along the crotch curve at a given ease allowance. The unclothed mannequin and the four pants, which were dressed, respectively, on the mannequin, were scanned consecutively by a body imaging system. The crotch curve of the unclothed mannequin was superimposed on that of each clothed mannequin to exhibit the differences in radial distance so that the DE distribution could be measured. Findings Through the regression analysis, the prediction models were established to express the relationships between the DE and the ease allowance. These models could be used to estimate the DEs along a crotch curve to reflect its asymmetrical shape when a total allowance was selected. The crotch curves on the pant patterns could be then modified by adding the predicted DEs to the scanned crotch curve. Originality/value This study demonstrated a new pattern alteration approach to achieve a better fit for customized female pants based on the 3D scanning data. This approach can be extended to pattern alterations for men’s pants and other shape-critical products.
2
Zhang, Zhuo, and Li Ping Qiao. "Affect the Comfort of Pants Crotch Curve Analysis of the Factors." Applied Mechanics and Materials 477-478 (December 2013): 359–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.477-478.359.
Full textAbstract:
This paper discusses the impact of pants crotch bend comfort factor. From the structure of the aptamer of pants, trousers fabric scalability and style shape, technology and other aspects of analysis, and propose effective improvements pants crotch bend comfort measures.
3
Lee, Heeran, Kyunghi Hong, and Yejin Lee. "Development of 3D patterns for functional outdoor pants based on skin length deformation during movement." International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology 29, no. 2 (April 18, 2017): 148–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcst-08-2016-0090.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose The seams of slim fit outdoor pants can be uncomfortable or even restrict body movement. To reduce discomfort, the authors need to determine optimal cutting lines in various designs that do not interfere with body movement. The purpose of this paper is to apply skin deformation mapping during movement to the ergonomic design of outdoor pants, focusing in particular on the 2D pattern generation of the crotch area in a 3D shape during movement. Design/methodology/approach A 3D shape and skin length deformation of the lower body were observed, including the crotch area, which is difficult to examine on the human body. To design ergonomic and streamlined outdoor pants, the authors selected seam lines where the changes in skin deformation are at their minimum based on the skin deformation mapping. In addition, the inseam along the medial thigh close to the crotch was removed to adjust the skin length of these areas, thereby increasing the extensible area of fabric necessary to adjust to a skin deformation. After selecting the seam lines, each of the 3D pattern blocks was generated by means of a 2D flattening method. In addition, the stress distribution of overlapped replica blocks along the crotch line during the 2D flattening process is a main independent factor to avoid deteriorating lower body movement as well as a good appearance. Findings Based on the results of skin deformation mapping of a human subject, this study suggested that it is best that the design line crosses where there is no skin deformation possible. And the pants were developed without the inner seam line at the upper medial thigh because of skin deformation of a large range of ±6 percent in the upper medial thigh during a 90° knee flexion or in the squatting down position. In a wear test, the developed 3D pattern without an inseam was rated higher than that with an inseam. This verified that removing the inseam, to prevent skin deformation of the medial upper thigh during knee flexion and squatting, is a logical decision. Regarding the correction of the overlapping area during arrangement of the replica, the appearance of the front of the pants was improved when 80 percent of the overlapping area was distributed near the point of the error source, which is the front of the male’s crotch line. Originality/value In this study, the crotch area, which has been difficult to observe in previous studies, were observed thoroughly and it was found that the length of the crotch curve did not increase during movement. In addition, skin deformation was mapped during a 90° knee flexion or in the squatting down position. It is expected that the overall process of developing 3D streamlined outdoor pants from 3D skin deformation mapping can be expanded to the development of patterns for other customized functional pants.
4
Kuo, Ping-Chung, Yen-Chin Liu, Yi-Ching Lo, and Sheng-Nan Wu. "Characterization of Inhibitory Effectiveness in Hyperpolarization-Activated Cation Currents by a Group of ent-Kaurane-Type Diterpenoids from Croton tonkinensis." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 4 (February 13, 2020): 1268. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21041268.
Full textAbstract:
Croton is an extensive flowering plant genus in the spurge family, Euphorbiaceae. Three croton compounds with the common ent-kaurane skeleton have been purified from Croton tonkinensis. Methods: We examined any modifications of croton components (i.e., croton-01 [ent-18-acetoxy-7α-hydroxykaur-16-en-15-one], croton-02 [ent-7α,14β-dihydroxykaur-16-en-15-one] and croton-03 [ent-1β-acetoxy-7α,14β-dihydroxykaur-16-en-15-one] on either hyperpolarization-activated cation current (Ih) or erg-mediated K+ current identified in pituitary tumor (GH3) cells and in rat insulin-secreting (INS-1) cells via patch-clamp methods. Results: Addition of croton-01, croton-02, or croton-03 effectively and differentially depressed Ih amplitude. Croton-03 (3 μM) shifted the activation curve of Ih to a more negative potential by approximately 11 mV. The voltage-dependent hysteresis of Ih was also diminished by croton-03 administration. Croton-03-induced depression of Ih could not be attenuated by SQ-22536 (10 μM), an inhibitor of adenylate cyclase, but indeed reversed by oxaliplatin (10 μM). The Ih in INS-1 cells was also depressed effectively by croton-03. Conclusion: Our study highlights the evidence that these ent-kaurane diterpenoids might conceivably perturb these ionic currents through which they have high influence on the functional activities of endocrine or neuroendocrine cells.
5
ARCE-PÉREZ, ROBERTO, and STEPHEN M. BACA. "A new species of Suphisellus Crotch from Mexico (Coleoptera: Noteridae)." Zootaxa 4323, no. 2 (September 21, 2017): 277. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4323.2.11.
Full textAbstract:
Suphisellus epleri sp. nov. is described from Veracruz, Mexico. The new species is characterized by (1) size; (2) elytra brownish-red, moderately punctate, each with three light-yellow spots; and (3) aedeagus with median lobe curved with width nearly uniform along its length. In appearance, S. epleri is very similar to S. neglectus Young 1979 with which it is here compared based on specimens collected from Colombia and Venezuela. Suphisellus epleri is distinguished by having a slightly broader anterior extremity of prosternal process and a slender median lobe that is not distinctly expanded at apex, as in S. neglectus. The first record of S. neglectus in Venezuela is also reported. Descriptions, images and illustrations of diagnostic characters, and differential diagnosis of S. epleri are provided.
6
Vella, Frank. "Ahead of the curve. David baltimore's life in science: Crotty, Shane." Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Education 30, no. 5 (September 2002): 336–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmb.2002.494030059998.
Full text
7
Nair, A. K., S. Rani, M. Venkata Kamalakar, and S. J. Ray. "Bi-stimuli assisted engineering and control of magnetic phase in monolayer CrOCl." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 22, no. 22 (2020): 12806–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cp01204a.
Full textAbstract:
Magnetic phase control in two-dimensional CrOCl can be achieved through the application of strain and electric field. This leads to a ferromagnetic to antiferromagnetic phase transition and remarkable enhancement of the Curie temperature to 450 K.
8
Bergamini, Elena, Pélagie Guillon, Valentina Camomilla, Hélène Pillet, Wafa Skalli, and Aurelio Cappozzo. "Trunk Inclination Estimate During the Sprint Start Using an Inertial Measurement Unit: A Validation Study." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 29, no. 5 (October 2013): 622–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.29.5.622.
Full textAbstract:
The proper execution of the sprint start is crucial in determining the performance during a sprint race. In this respect, when moving from the crouch to the upright position, trunk kinematics is a key element. The purpose of this study was to validate the use of a trunk-mounted inertial measurement unit (IMU) in estimating the trunk inclination and angular velocity in the sagittal plane during the sprint start. In-laboratory sprint starts were performed by five sprinters. The local acceleration and angular velocity components provided by the IMU were processed using an adaptive Kalman filter. The accuracy of the IMU inclination estimate and its consistency with trunk inclination were assessed using reference stereophotogrammetric measurements. A Bland-Altman analysis, carried out using parameters (minimum, maximum, and mean values) extracted from the time histories of the estimated variables, and curve similarity analysis (correlation coefficient > 0.99, root mean square difference < 7 deg) indicated the agreement between reference and IMU estimates, opening a promising scenario for an accurate in-field use of IMUs for sprint start performance assessment.
9
Carvalho, Mônica Canaan, Lucas Rezende Gomide, Rubens Manoel dos Santos, José Roberto Soares Scolforo, Luís Marcelo Tavares de Carvalho, and José Márcio de Mello. "MODELING ECOLOGICAL NICHE OF TREE SPECIES IN BRAZILIAN TROPICAL AREA." CERNE 23, no. 2 (June 2017): 229–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/01047760201723022308.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT Modeling of the ecological niche of vegetal species is useful for understanding the species-environment relationship, for prediction of responses to climate changes and for correct reforestation programs and establishment of plantation’s recommendation. The objective of this work was to establish a model for the distribution of four tree species (Casearia sylvestris, Copaifera langsdorffii, Croton floribundus and Tapirira guianensis), widely used in reforestation projects in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. In addition, we analyzed the relationship between environmental characteristics and the occurrence of species and tested the performance of Random Forest and Artificial Neural Networks as modeling methods. These methods were evaluated by their overall accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, Kappa, true skill statistic and the area under the receiver operating curve. The results showed the species Casearia sylvestris, Copaifera langsdorffii and Tapirira guianensis widely occurring in the state of Minas Gerais, including a broad range of environmental variables. Croton floribundus had restricted occurrence in the southern state, showing narrow environmental variation. The resulting algorithms demonstrated greater performance when modeling restricted geographic and environmental species, as well as species occurring with high prevalence in data. The algorithm Random Forest performed better for distribution modeling of all species, although the results varied for each metric and species. The maps generated had acceptable metrics and are supported by and ecological information obtained from other sources, constituting a useful tool to understand the ecology and biogeography of the target species.
10
Wungsintaweekul, Juraithip, Chutima Sriyapai, Sanlaya Kaewkerd, Supinya Tewtrakul, Damrong Kongduang, and Wanchai De-Eknamkul. "Establishment of Croton stellatopilosus Suspension Culture for Geranylgeraniol Production and Diterpenoid Biosynthesis." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 62, no. 5-6 (June 1, 2007): 389–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2007-5-612.
Full textAbstract:
Diterpenoids in higher plants are biosynthesized from isoprene units obtained from two distinct pathways: the mevalonate pathway and the deoxyxylulose phosphate pathway. The metabolic partitioning of both pathways in plant species is dependent upon the type of culture. In order to study the diterpenoid biosynthesis in Croton stellatopilosus cell culture, callus culture was firstly induced from C. stellatopilosus young leaves in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium in the presence of 1.0 mg/l 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 1.0 mg/l benzyladenine (BA), 3% (w/v) sucrose and 0.8% (w/v) agar. The suspension culture was further induced from its callus in the same medium without gelling agent. Detection of diterpenoid accumulation by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed that a cell culture could accumulate a low amount of geranylgeraniol (GGOH) and a high content of fatty acids and phytosterols. To improve the GGOH production, the culture conditions were optimized by medium manipulation in terms of hormonal factors. The growth rates of cell cultures were similar in all kinds of media. The GGOH production curve indicated that GGOH plays an important role as a primary metabolite in the cell culture. The optimum medium for GGOH production was MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/l 2,4-D and 2 mg/l BA that could produce GGOH with a yield of 1.14 mg/g FW.
11
Magner, Lois N. "Shane Crotty. Ahead of the Curve: David Baltimore’s Life in Science. [viii] + 271 pp., illus., index. Berkeley/Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2001, $29.95, £19.95." Isis 94, no. 1 (March 2003): 192–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/376179.
Full text
12
Tian, Jin-Long, Chi Shu, Ye Zhang, Hui-Jun Cui, Xu Xie, Xu-Long Ran, Tian-Shun Chen, Zhi-Huan Zang, Jian-Guo Liu, and Bin Li. "A “Green” Homogenate Extraction Coupled with UHPLC-MS for the Rapid Determination of Diterpenoids in Croton Crassifolius." Molecules 24, no. 4 (February 15, 2019): 694. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24040694.
Full textAbstract:
Clerodane diterpenoids are the main bioactive constituents of Croton crassifolius and are proved to have multiple biological activities. However, quality control (QC) research on the constituents are rare. Thus, the major research purpose of the current study was to establish an efficient homogenate extraction (HGE) process combined with a sensitive and specific ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC–MS) technique together for the rapid extraction and determination of clerodane diterpenoids in C. crassifolius. All calibration curves showed good linearity (r > 0.9943) within the test ranges and the intra- and inter-day precisions and repeatability were all within required limits. This modified HGE–UHPLC–MS method only took 5 min to extract nine clerodane diterpenoids in C. crassifolius and another 12 min to quantify these components. The results indicated that the quantitative analysis based on UHPLC–MS was a feasible method for QC of clerodane diterpenoids in C. crassifolius, and the findings outlined in the current study also inferred the potential of the method in the QC of clerodane diterpenoids in other complex species of plants.
13
Braunstein, Philippe. "L'Honneur Perdu de Fiorenza Dalla Croce." Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales 40, no. 1 (February 1985): 227–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/ahess.1985.283153.
Full textAbstract:
« C'est dans l'aveu que se lient la vérité et le sexe »(M. Foucault, La volonté de savoir, p. 82).Un livre subtil et violent nous adresse, comme naguère Montaillou ou le Fromage et les vers, l'écho de voix qui s'élève d'un dossier, les 350 folios d'un procès soutenu au milieu du XVIe siècle devant la curie épiscopale de Feltre, dans l'arrière-pays vénitien. Ces voix sont celles des cinquante témoins cités sur le point de savoir si Gerolamo da Mezzan, patricien de Feltre, notaire et membre du Conseil, devait être reconnu comme le mari de Fiorenza dalla Croce, jeune Vénitienne, soeur du chirurgien de la Commune, qu'il fréquentait depuis cinq ans.Au centre du livre, une histoire d'amour, deux jeunes gens et leur famille. Expériences et personnages qui n'existent pour nous que dans des paroles rapportées, des gestes décrits, à travers des rumeurs, des regards, des impressions ; reflets déformés par la maladresse, la bêtise, la haine et où brillent, par éclats, un pur visage, un sanglot vrai, un trait perçant.
14
Puig, Margarita M., William Warner, and Olga Pol. "Intestinal Inflammation and Morphine Tolerance Alter the Interaction between Morphine and Clonidine on Gastrointestinal Transit in Mice." Anesthesiology 93, no. 1 (July 1, 2000): 219–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-200007000-00033.
Full textAbstract:
Background Morphine and clonidine show synergy or antagonism inhibiting gastrointestinal transit depending on their proportion and level of effect. Their interaction during morphine tolerance and intestinal inflammation were assessed. Methods Gastrointestinal transit in mice was evaluated with charcoal and antitransit effects expressed as percent mean values +/- SEM. Tolerance was induced with a morphine pellet (75 mg) implanted for 72 h, and inflammation with intragastric croton oil. Dose-response curves for morphine and clonidine alone and combined at a 1:1 potency ratio were obtained, and doses producing a 50% and 60% inhibition were calculated (ED50, ED60). Interaction was established by isobolograms, interaction indexes, and analysis of variance. Results In naive and tolerant mice, the combination induced linear dose-response curves up to the ED60 and then reached a plateau. In naive mice, ED50 values were as follows: morphine 1.52 +/- 0.15 mg/kg, clonidine 0.09 +/- 0.008 mg/kg, and combined 0.506 +/- 0.084 mg/kg (0.478 +/- 0.08 mg/kg morphine plus 0.028 +/- 0.004 mg/kg clonidine). During tolerance, ED50 values were as follows: morphine 9.73 +/- 0.8 mg/kg, clonidine 0.09 +/- 0.007 mg/kg, combination 0.131 +/- 0.09 mg/kg (morphine 0. 13 +/- 0.09 mg/kg plus clonidine 0.0013 +/- 0.0005 mg/kg). In both groups, the interaction was synergistic up to the ED60 and antagonistic thereafter; synergy was enhanced during tolerance. During inflammation, ED50 values were as follows: morphine 0.17 +/- 0.04 mg/kg, clonidine 0.015 +/- 0.006 mg/kg, combined 0.62 +/- 0.04 mg/kg (morphine 0.568 +/- 0.04 mg/kg plus clonidine 0.052 +/- 0.004 mg/kg); thus, potencies of morphine and clonidine increased 9.3 and 7.1 times, while the combination remained unaltered. Moreover, inflammation transformed synergy into antagonism. Conclusions The interaction between morphine and clonidine was significantly altered during tolerance and inflammation. During tolerance, synergy was present up to 60% effect and then became antagonistic. Inflammation converted synergy to antagonism. A common pathway in signal transduction could partially explain the results.
15
Pelosi, P., M. Croci, I. Ravagnan, M. Cerisara, P. Vicardi, A. Lissoni, and L. Gattinoni. "Respiratory system mechanics in sedated, paralyzed, morbidly obese patients." Journal of Applied Physiology 82, no. 3 (March 1, 1997): 811–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1997.82.3.811.
Full textAbstract:
Pelosi, P., M. Croci, I. Ravagnan, M. Cerisara, P. Vicardi, A. Lissoni, and L. Gattinoni. Respiratory system mechanics in sedated, paralyzed, morbidly obese patients J. Appl. Physiol. 82(3): 811–818, 1997.—The effects of inspiratory flow and inflation volume on the mechanical properties of the respiratory system in eight sedated and paralyzed postoperative morbidly obese patients (aged 37.6 ± 11.8 yr who had never smoked and had normal preoperative seated spirometry) were investigated by using the technique of rapid airway occlusion during constant-flow inflation. With the patients in the supine position, we measured the interrupter resistance (Rint,rs), which in humans probably reflects airway resistance, the “additional” resistance (ΔRrs) due to viscoelastic pressure dissipation and time-constant inequalities, and static respiratory elastance (Est,rs). Intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) was measured by using a bladder catheter, and functional residual capacity was measured by the helium-dilution technique. The results were compared with a previous study on 16 normal anesthetized paralyzed humans. Compared with normal persons, we found that in obese subjects: 1) functional residual capacity was markedly lower (0.645 ± 0.208 liter) and IAP was higher (24 ± 2.2 cmH2O); 2) alveolar-arterial oxygenation gradient was increased (178 ± 59 mmHg); 3) the volume-pressure curve of the respiratory system was curvilinear with an “inflection” point; 4) Est,rs, Rint,rs, and ΔRrs were higher than normal (29.3 ± 5.04 cmH2O/l, 5.9 ± 2.4 cmH2O ⋅ l−1 ⋅ s, and 6.4 ± 1.6 cmH2O ⋅ l−1 ⋅ s, respectively); 5) Rint,rs increased with increasing inspiratory flow, Est,rs did not change, and ΔRrs decreased progressively; and 6) with increasing inflation volume, Rint,rs and Est,rs decreased, whereas ΔRrs rose progressively. Overall, our data suggest that obese subjects during sedation and paralysis are characterized by hypoxemia and marked alterations of the mechanical properties of the respiratory system, largely explained by a reduction in lung volume due to the excessive unopposed IAP.
16
Arrighi, C., M. Brugioni, F. Castelli, S. Franceschini, and B. Mazzanti. "Urban micro-scale flood risk estimation with parsimonious hydraulic modelling and census data." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 13, no. 5 (May 31, 2013): 1375–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-13-1375-2013.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. The adoption of 2007/60/EC Directive requires European countries to implement flood hazard and flood risk maps by the end of 2013. Flood risk is the product of flood hazard, vulnerability and exposure, all three to be estimated with comparable level of accuracy. The route to flood risk assessment is consequently much more than hydraulic modelling of inundation, that is hazard mapping. While hazard maps have already been implemented in many countries, quantitative damage and risk maps are still at a preliminary level. A parsimonious quasi-2-D hydraulic model is here adopted, having many advantages in terms of easy set-up. It is here evaluated as being accurate in flood depth estimation in urban areas with a high-resolution and up-to-date Digital Surface Model (DSM). The accuracy, estimated by comparison with marble-plate records of a historic flood in the city of Florence, is characterized in the downtown's most flooded area by a bias of a very few centimetres and a determination coefficient of 0.73. The average risk is found to be about 14 € m−2 yr−1, corresponding to about 8.3% of residents' income. The spatial distribution of estimated risk highlights a complex interaction between the flood pattern and the building characteristics. As a final example application, the estimated risk values have been used to compare different retrofitting measures. Proceeding through the risk estimation steps, a new micro-scale potential damage assessment method is proposed. This is based on the georeferenced census system as the optimal compromise between spatial detail and open availability of socio-economic data. The results of flood risk assessment at the census section scale resolve most of the risk spatial variability, and they can be easily aggregated to whatever upper scale is needed given that they are geographically defined as contiguous polygons. Damage is calculated through stage–damage curves, starting from census data on building type and function, for the main categories in the study area: structures, household contents and commercial contents. This method is tested in the area of the St. Croce district in Florence, one of the most seriously affected in the famous 1966 flood.
17
Serdani, M., S. Rooney-Latham, K. M. Wallis, and C. L. Blomquist. "First Report of Colletotrichum phormii Causing Anthracnose on New Zealand Flax in the United States." Plant Disease 97, no. 8 (August 2013): 1115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-12-12-1155-pdn.
Full textAbstract:
Phormium colensoi Hook.f. (syn. P. cookianum), New Zealand flax, (family Xanthorrhoeaceae) is popular in ornamental landscapes in the United States because of its sturdy blade-like foliage available in diverse colors. In February 2012, the Oregon State University Plant Clinic received three potted plants of P. colensoi ‘Black Adder’ from a commercial nursery in Santa Cruz County, California. The margins and midribs of several leaves had brown lesions that were variable in size, and fusiform to ellipsoidal in shape. Embedded in the lesions were black acervuli without setae that exuded salmon-colored spore masses under moist conditions. Conidia were hyaline, cylindrical to fusiform, straight to slightly curved, and 22.4 to 35.2 × 4.0 to 6.4 (average 24.7 × 4.9) μm. Based on morphology, the fungus was confirmed by USDA-APHIS National Identification Services to be Colletotrichum phormii (Henn.) D.F. Farr & Rossman (2). In March 2012, the California Department of Food and Agriculture Plant Pest Diagnostic Lab received additional samples from the same nursery lot (25% disease incidence) from which a similar fungus was recovered. rDNA sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region from the California isolate (GenBank KC122681), amplified using primers ITS1 and ITS4 (2), were 100% identical to multiple species of Colletotrichum, including C. phormii by a BLAST query (JQ948446 through JQ948453). ITS sequence similarity alone is not sufficient to address Colletotrichum taxonomy and must be used in combination with host range and morphology (1). Pathogenicity of C. phormii (isolate CDFA986) was tested on three ‘Black Adder’ plants, which were inoculated with 6-mm agar plugs from a 14-day-old culture grown on half strength potato dextrose agar (PDA). Leaves were wound-inoculated along the midrib using colonized plugs (4). Five leaves per plant were inoculated with C. phormii plugs and five leaves per plant were treated with uncolonized PDA agar plugs as controls. Plants were sprayed with water and incubated in plastic bags at 22°C with a 12-h photoperiod. After 48 h, the bags and caps were removed and plants were kept under the same conditions. Two weeks later, water-soaked lesions had developed on the inoculated leaves. Lesions expanded along the midrib and became fusiform in shape after 21 to 28 days. C. phormii was isolated from lesion margins of all the inoculated leaves, but not from control leaves. This experiment was repeated once with similar results. Another Colletotrichum species, C. gloeosporiodes, also occurs on Phormium spp., but differs from C. phormii in morphology and symptom expression. Subsequent nursery and landscape surveys showed that anthracnose caused by C. phormii occurs on several P. colensoi cultivars as well as on P. tenax in five California counties including Santa Cruz, Yolo, Sacramento, San Luis Obispo, and Solano. C. phormii is also reported to infect P. colensoi and P. tenax in New Zealand, Europe, the United Kingdom, Australia, and South Africa (2,3). To our knowledge, this is the first report of C. phormii causing anthracnose on Phormium in North America. This disease could impact the American nursery trade and New Zealand flax production due to crop loss and increased production costs for pest management. References: (1) J. Crouch et al. Mycologia 101:648, 2009. (2) D. F. Farr et al. Mycol. Res. 110:1395, 2006. (3). H. Golzar and C. Wang. Australas. Plant Pathol. 5:110, 2010. (4) L. E. Yakabe et al. Plant Dis. 93:883, 2009.
18
Guerrero Pabón, Mario Francisco, Alejandra P. Ortiz S., and Dra Pilar Puebla Ibáñez. "Vascular interactions of Croton schiedeanus major flavonoids in isolated aortic rings from Wistar rats." Vitae 28, no. 2 (May 18, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.17533/udea.vitae.v28n2a343923.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Ayanin (3,7,4’-Tri-O-methylquercetin) and 3,7-Di-O-methylquercetin (DMQ) are the main active metabolites isolated by bioguided fractionation from Croton schiedeanus, species known popularly in Colombia as “almizclillo”, which has been studied in experimental models in rats, exerting vasodilator and antihypertensive effects. Also, when the effect of these flavonoids was studied separately, important vasodilation was observed. Objective: To evaluate whether flavonoids from Croton schiedeanus have synergistic vasodilator properties when different combinations are used in isolated aorta rings. Methods: Cumulative concentrations of ayanin (10-8 M - 6x10-5 M or 0.01 μM - 60 μM) were assayed in the absence and presence of an increasing concentration of 3,7-Di-O-methylquercetin (DMQ) (10-8 – 3x10-5 M or 0.01–30 μM) in isolated rings from Wistar rats, pre-contracted with phenylephrine. The concentration-response curve with the maximal effect was compared with that obtained by Croton schiedeanus whole ethanolic extract (10-6 – 3x10-4 g/mL). Also, this combination was assayed in the presence of the nitric oxide synthetase inhibitor L-NAME (10-4 M) and the guanylate cyclase inhibitor methylene blue (10-4 M) to assess the role of the NO/cGMP pathway in this interaction. Results: Ayanin and DMQ display a dual interaction in vascular relaxant response: agonism at higher concentration ranges (10-6 – 3x10-5 M or 1–30 μM) and antagonism at lower concentration ranges (10-8 – 3x10-7 M or 0.01–0.3 μM). The efficacy at the highest concentration was greater than that obtained by the whole extract (Emax: 98.4% vs. 33.9%). This response was decreased but not reverted in the presence of L-NAME and methylene blue. Thus, the vasodilator effect of this combination does not depend entirely on the NO/cGMP cyclic pathway. Conclusion: The combined use of appropriate concentrations of these flavonoids could represent an advantage over Croton schiedeanus whole extract for vasodilator purposes.
19
Zhao, Na, Junyu Yang, Xiaoli Fang, lingrui Li, Hongfei Yan, and Daqun Liu. "First Report of Colletotrichum cereale Causing Anthracnose on Avena nuda in China." Plant Disease, December 17, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-10-20-2109-pdn.
Full textAbstract:
Naked oats (Avena nuda L.) is rich in protein, fat, vitamin, mineral elements and so on, and is one of the world's recognized cereal crops with the highest nutritional and healthcare value. In July 2019, leaf spot was detected on A. nuda in Zhangbei experimental station of Hebei Agricultural University. The incidence of disease is 10% to 20%. The symptoms were similar to anthracnose disease, the infected leaves had fusiform or nearly fusiform yellowish-brown spots, yellow halo around the spots. Numerous acervuli with black setae diagnostic of fungi in the genus Colletotrichum were present on necrotic lesions. To identify the pathogen, ten symptomatic leaves were collected, and only one disease spot was isolated from each leaf. Small square leaf pieces (3 to 5 mm) were excised from the junction of diseased and healthy tissues with a sterile scalpel and surface disinfested with 75% alcohol for 30s, 0.1% corrosive sublimate for 1 min, rinsed three times in sterile water. Plant tissues were then transferred on potato dextrose agar (PDA), and incubated at 25°C for 7 days. Two fungal isolates were obtained and purified by single-spore isolation method. All fungi have the same morphology and no other fungi were isolated. The aerial mycelium was gray black. The conidia were colorless and transparent, falcate, slightly curved, tapered toward the tips, and produced in acervuli with brown setae. The length and width of 100 conidia were measured and size ranged from 1.86 to 3.84 × 8.62 to 29.81 μm. These morphological characteristics were consistent with the description of Colletotrichum cereale (Crouch et al. 2006). To further assess the identity of the species, the genomic DNA of two fungal isolates (LYM19-4 and LYM19-10) was extracted by a CTAB protocol. The ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region as well as, the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), actin (ACT), and the beta-tubulin 2 (Tub2) partial genes were amplified and sequenced with primers ITS4/5, GDF/GDR, ACT-512F/ACT-783R, and T1/Bt2b, respectively (Carbone et al. 1999; Templeton et al. 1992; O'Donnell et al. 1997; Glass et al. 1995). The sequences of the ITS-rDNA region (MW040121, MW040122), the GAPDH sequences (MW052554, MW052555), the ACT sequences (MW052556, MW052551) and the Tub2 sequences (MW052552, MW052553) of the two single-spore isolates were more than 99% identical to C. cereale isolate CGMCC3.15110 (JX625159, KC843517, KC843534 and JX625186). Maximum likelihood tree based on concatenated sequences of the four genes were constructed using MEGA7. The results showed the strains isolated from A. nuda were closely related to C. cereale, as supported by high bootstrap values. A pathogenicity test of the C. cereale isolates was performed on first unfolding leaves of A. nuda. Koch's postulates were carried out with isolates by spraying a conidial suspension of 106 conidia/mL on leaves of healthy A. nuda. Four replicated pots were inoculated at a time, 10 leaves each pot, while sterile distilled water was used as the control. All treated plants were placed in a moist chamber (25°C, 16-h light and 8-h dark period). Anthracnose symptoms developed on the inoculated plants 7 days post inoculation while all control plants remained healthy. Microscopic examination showed the surface of infected leaves had the same acervuli, setae, and conidia as the original isolate. The pathogenicity test was repeated three times. C. cereale was previously reported as the causal agent of anthracnose on feather reed grass in US (Crouch et al. 2009). To our knowledge, this is the first report of C. cereale as the causal agent of A. nuda anthracnose in China.
20
La Regina, Guest Editors: M., E. Romano, S. Tardivo, and E. Trinchero. "Rischio clinico in sanità e prevenzione dei rischi del paziente ricoverato in ospedale." Italian Journal of Medicine, July 24, 2019, 1–156. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/itjm.q.2019.6.
Full textAbstract:
L’approccio sistemico alla gestione dei rischi in sanitàE. Trinchero
Rischio clinico e sicurezza del paziente: presente e futuroS. Tardivo, M. Capasso
Rischio clinico: livelli di staffing infermieristico ed esiti correlati alle cure infermieristicheG. Pentella, L. Tesei
Il ruolo delle competenze non tecniche (non technical skill) nella dinamica del rischio clinicoF. Moretti, M. Rimondini
Rischio clinico e carico di lavoro: alcuni spunti di riflessioneP. Gnerre, A. Fontanella, D. Montemurro, C. Palermo
Il punto di vista di un Direttore Generale internistaG. Scannapieco, E. Croci
Il punto di vista di un Direttore Sanitario internistaF. Orlandini
Il punto di vista di un Direttore Sanitario igienistaC. Bovo
Il punto di vista di un Direttore di Medicina InternaS. De Carli
La metà oscura del rischio clinico: i sinistri in medicina internaF. Corradi
La corretta identificazione del pazienteR. Gallo, F. Bertoncini, C. Gatta
Fase diagnostica: evitare misdiagnosi e ritardiM. Giorgi-Pierfranceschi
Sicurezza in terapia farmacologicaE. Romano
Novità nella prevenzione delle caduteR. Re, G. Ferrotti
Protezione dalle infezioni correlate all’assistenzaA. Maffettone, C. Peirce, S. Di Fraia
Safe HandoverR. Rapetti
Prevenzione dei rischi in Medicina Interna, casi particolari: atti autolesivi, vagabondaggio, intrappolamento nel paziente ospedalizzatoR. Nardi, D. Tirotta, G. Pinna, G. Pirini
Gestione ricoveri in appoggio e rischio clinicoM. La Regina, F. Guarneri, T. Bellandi, R. Tartaglia, A. Brucato, D. Manfellotto
Innovazioni organizzative in Medicina Interna per la sicurezza del paziente: dall’Ambulatorio Integrato Diagnostico-Terapeutico alla Sezione di Decisione ClinicaR. Castello, A. Carli
OssigenoterapiaM. La Regina
VentiloterapiaM. La Regina
Strumenti per una gestione sicura delle procedure invasiveM. La Regina
La prevenzione del tromboembolismo venosoF. Pomero, E. Nicola, P. Salomone, R. Risso
Sicurezza nella gestione della terapia anticoagulante oraleM. La Regina, F. Pomero
Strumenti per una gestione sicura delle terapie inalatorieC. Tieri
Strumenti per una gestione sicura della terapia ipoglicemizzanteT.M. Attardo
Strumenti per una gestione sicura delle allergie a farmaci e delle interazioni farmacologicheT.M. Attardo
Mobilizzazione dei pazientiG. Querci, A. Spadaro
Il rischio clinico: conclusioniA. Fontanella