Academic literature on the topic 'Croton'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Croton.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Croton"
Langat, Moses K., Elvire F. K. Djuidje, Beth M. Ndunda, Sani M. Isyaka, Nathalie S. Dolan, Gareth D. Ettridge, Hannah Whitmore, et al. "The phytochemical investigation of five African Croton species: Croton oligandrus, Croton megalocarpus, Croton menyharthii, Croton rivularis and Croton megalobotrys." Phytochemistry Letters 40 (December 2020): 148–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytol.2020.09.020.
Full textObando, Lucio, and César Fuertes. "Evaluación de la actividad anti-colagenasa del látex de Croton lechleri." Ciencia e Investigación 22, no. 2 (March 6, 2020): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15381/ci.v22i2.17614.
Full textTan, Theresia, Linda Ernawati Lindongi, Yohanes Sriyadi Budiyanto, and Feni Tresia Merasi. "Pengaruh pemberian ZPT terhadap pertumbuhan beberapa jenis setek tanaman Puring (Cadiaeum variegatum L.)." Agrotek 10, no. 1 (July 11, 2022): 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.46549/agrotek.v10i1.238.
Full textMaciel, M. A. M., J. K. P. C. Cortez, and F. E. S. Gomes. "O gênero Croton e Aspectos Relevantes de Diterpenos Clerodanos." Revista Fitos 2, no. 03 (December 1, 2006): 54–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.32712/2446-4775.2006.59.
Full textKuo, Ping-Chung, Yen-Chin Liu, Yi-Ching Lo, and Sheng-Nan Wu. "Characterization of Inhibitory Effectiveness in Hyperpolarization-Activated Cation Currents by a Group of ent-Kaurane-Type Diterpenoids from Croton tonkinensis." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 4 (February 13, 2020): 1268. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21041268.
Full textWilcut, John W. "Tropic Croton (Croton glandulosus) Control in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea)." Weed Technology 5, no. 4 (December 1991): 795–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x0003387x.
Full textVunda, Sita Luvangadio Lukoki, Ismael Pretto Sauter, Samuel Paulo Cibulski, Paulo Michel Roehe, Sérgio A. Loreto Bordignon, Marilise Brittes Rott, Miriam A. Apel, and Gilsane Lino von Poser. "Chemical composition and amoebicidal activity of Croton pallidulus, Croton ericoides, and Croton isabelli(Euphorbiaceae) essential oils." Parasitology Research 111, no. 3 (April 18, 2012): 961–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00436-012-2918-6.
Full textSantos, Rafaela Freitas dos, Ricarda Riina, and Maria Beatriz Rossi Caruzo. "Croton sapiifolius Müll.Arg. In: a new occurrence for the State of Espírito Santo, Brazil." Hoehnea 43, no. 4 (December 2016): 529–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2236-8906-47/2016.
Full textRiina, Ricarda, MARCO A. VIGO, and CARLOS E. CERÓN. "Croton condorensis: an enigmatic new species of Euphorbiaceae from southern Ecuador." Phytotaxa 164, no. 2 (April 4, 2014): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.164.2.10.
Full textXu, Wen-Hui, Wei-Yi Liu, and Qian Liang. "Chemical Constituents from Croton Species and Their Biological Activities." Molecules 23, no. 9 (September 12, 2018): 2333. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23092333.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Croton"
Athayde, Natália Ravanelli. "Perfil químico e atividades biológicas de Croton echinocarpus Baill. e Croton vulnerarius Müll.Arg." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41132/tde-25032014-173321/.
Full textCroton comprises approximately 1,300 species, many of them known for their therapeutic uses, which is due to the presence of a large diversity of secondary metabolites. Those properties were the starting point for research on the phytochemical characteristics of the genus. C. vulnerarius e C. echinocarpus are Brazilian endemic species belonging to section Cyclostigma. This project aimed the extraction, identification and isolation of chemical constituents from both species and the analyze of the bioactive properties of such constituents (antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-HIV). It was found that, unlike other species of the same section, C. echinocarpus and C. vulnerarius does not present diterpenes in their composition. However, C. echinocarpus showed alkaloids among its main constituents, one of them identified by mass spectrometry as coridine. Regarding the phenolic substances, we observed that the two species have similar profiles, with some flavonoids in common. C. echinocarpus presents the flavone C-glycosylated vitexin as its main flavonoid constituent, while C. vulnerarius has the acylated derivative of kaempferol, tiliroside. Regarding the biological activities, both species showed antioxidant potential; antimicrobial effects against Gram-negative bacteria, especially the extracts richer in vitexin; and anti-HIV activity, where the fraction containing the alkaloid coridine showed great potential, reaching values above 90% of the anti-HIV activity, even when the lowest concentration was tested (100 mg.mL-1)
Carvalho, Francieli Kanumfre de. "Análise fitoquímica e atividade biológica de Croton antisyphiliticus Martius e Croton heterodoxus Baillon." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2013. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/122751.
Full textMade available in DSpace on 2014-08-06T17:19:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 325150.pdf: 82612307 bytes, checksum: dc8b783a0afbb86f9ff95c943ef3d03a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013
Neste trabalho realizou-se o estudo fitoquímico das espécies vegetais Croton antisyphiliticus Martius e Croton heterodoxus Baillon. Os flavonoides O-glicosilados rutina, isoquercitrina e quercitrina e o flavonoide C-glicosilado vitexina foram identificados por eletroforese capilar na espécie C. antisyphiliticus. Os compostos vitexina e ácido quínico foram isolados como compostos majoritários, e quercetina como um artefato de isolamento. Os triterpenos fern-9(11)-eno-2a-ol-3-oxo, 3ß-hidroxihop-22(29)eno, fern-9(11)-eno-2a,3ß-diol e 2a,3ß,23-trihidroxiolean-12-eno, o esterol ß-sitosterol, os flavonoides pachypodol, catequina, astragalina e a mistura de flavonoides quercetina (~83%) ? canferol (~13,5%) foram isolados de C. heterodoxus. Todos os compostos isolados da espécie C. heterodoxus foram relatados pela primeira vez para esta espécie vegetal, sendo que o triterpeno fern-9(11)-eno-2a-ol-3-oxo é inédito na literatura. Os triterpenos fern-9(11)-eno-2a,3ß-diol e 2a,3ß,23-trihidroxiolean-12-eno foram analisados por difração de raios-X, confirmando de maneira inequívoca as estruturas dos compostos. Os extratos brutos, frações e compostos isolados das duas espécies vegetais foram submetidos a ensaios para verificação de atividades biológicas, apresentando resultados em diferentes níveis. O conteúdo de compostos fenólicos e o teor de flavonoides dos extratos e frações foram avaliados, mostrando que as frações acetato de etila são ricas fontes destas classes de compostos. Em geral, a espécie C. antisyphiliticus foi a mais ativa nos ensaios antioxidantes de inibição da peroxidação lipídica, DPPH e potencial redutor. Dos compostos isolados, a quercetina e a mistura quercetina/canferol apresentaram as melhores capacidades de sequestro de radicais DPPH e as maiores capacidades redutoras. Ensaios de citotoxicidade sobre linhagens de células tumorais humanas e toxicidade sobre A. salina, inibição da AChE e avaliação da atividade antimicrobiana também foram realizados. A fração aquosa de C. antisypiliticus e os compostos vitexina, ácido quínico e quercetina apresentaram ação anti-inflamatória em modelos de inflamação induzida pela carragenina em camundongos. Os triterpenos fern-9(11)-eno-2a-ol-3-oxo, 3ß-hidroxihop-22(29)eno, fern-9(11)-eno-2a,3ß-diol e 2a,3ß,23-trihidroxiolean-12-eno apresentaram ação antihiperglicemiante aguda. Os triterpenos fern-9(11)-eno-2a,3ß-diol e 2a,3ß,23-trihidroxiolean-12-eno apresentaram efeito antinociceptivo e anti-inflamatório sobre a nocicepção induzida pela formalina em camundongos.
SANTOS, Simone Maria dos. "Estudo Etnofarmacológico de Croton adamantinus MÜLL. ARG. (EUPHORBIACEAE)." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2015. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/17443.
Full textMade available in DSpace on 2016-07-18T12:16:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissert. PDF SimoneSantos Final CORRIGIDA C FICHA (1).pdf: 1883074 bytes, checksum: cd97c44c3acc60dc6bf2d160e30e85ac (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-27
CAPEs
Croton adamantinus Müll. Arg. (Euphorbiaceae) é conhecido popularmente como carrasco. Neste trabalho foi realizado um estudo etnobotânico, o perfil fitoquímico, a atividade antioxidante e anti-inflamatória do extrato etanólico da casca do caule de C. adamantinus (EECA). O estudo etnobotânico foi realizado através de entrevista por meio de questionários semiestruturados. A prospecção fitoquímica foi realizada por cromatografia em camada delgada utilizando reveladores específicos. A avaliação do potencial antioxidante do EECA foi realizada pelo método de sequestro in vitro do radical livre DPPH (2,2-difenil-1-picril-hidrazila). A atividade anti-inflamatória foi avaliada de forma tópica pelo modelo de edema de orelha induzido por óleo de cróton, ácido araquidônico, capsaicina e fenol. A avaliação sistêmica foi realizada através do edema de orelha induzido por óleo de cróton, edema de pata induzido por zymosan, migração leucocitária induzida por carragenina no bolsão de ar e permeabilidade vascular induzida por ácido acético. No levantamento etnobotânico, C. adamantinus foi citado por 19% dos entrevistados para tratamento de dor e inflamação. O extrato possui diferentes classes de metabólitos secundários de interesse farmacológico, com maior intensidade para os terpenos e esteroides, e não apresentou potencial antioxidante in vitro relevante. O EECA nas doses de 0,1, 0,5 e 1,0 mg/orelha (tópico) apresentou redução significativa dos edemas de orelha induzidos por óleo de cróton, ácido araquidônico, capsaicina e fenol. Quando analisado por via oral, o EECA, nas doses de 30, 100 e 300 mg/kg, não inibiu significativamente o edema de orelha induzido por óleo de cróton. No entanto, quando administrado nestas mesmas doses por via intraperitoneal, houve uma redução significativa nas doses de 100 e 300 mg/kg. No edema de pata induzido por zymosan, houve redução na primeira hora para as três doses testadas (100, 200, 300 mg/kg), porém após duas horas somente as doses de 200 e 300 mg/kg foram eficazes. A migração celular induzida por carragenina no modelo de bolsão de ar foi reduzida por todas as doses testadas. No entanto, não houve diferença na permeabilidade vascular induzida por ácido acético. Em conclusão, a atividade anti-inflamatória verificada no presente estudo corrobora com o levantamento etnobotanico realizado, onde o carrasco foi citado por 19% dos entrevistados como anti-inflamatório. Mais estudos são necessários com EECA para elucidação dos possíveis mecanismos de ação.
Croton adamantinus Müll. Arg. (Euphorbiaceae) is popularly known as “carrasco”. In this study, we realized an ethnobotanical survey, a phytochemical screening, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities of the ethanol extract of the stem bark of C. adamantinus (EECA). The ethnobotanical survey was performed through semi-structured interview forms. The phytochemical screening was made by TLC using specific reagents, while the antioxidant potential of EECA was evaluated by the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging capacity. Topical anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated through croton oil-, arachidonic acid-, capsaicin-, and phenol-induced ear edema. At the ethnobotanical survey, C. adamantinus was cited by 19% of the interviewees for the treatment of inflammation and pain. The EECA has different classes of secondary metabolites of pharmacological interest mainly terpenes and steroids. It also did not show in vitro antioxidant potential. Topical EECA (0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/ear) showed significant reduction of croton oil-, arachidonic acid-, capsaicin-, and phenol-induced ear edema. Systemic evaluation was performed using croton oil-induced ear edema, zymosan-induced paw edema, carrageenan-induced leukocytes migration in air pouch, and acetic acid-induced vascular permeability. When given by oral route, the EECA (30, 100, and 300 mg/kg) did not inhibited the croton oil-induced ear edema. However, when the same doses were tested by intraperitoneal route, the EECA (100 and 300 mg/kg) reduced the ear edema. In zymozan-induced paw edema, all doses (100, 200, and 300 mg/kg) inhibited the paw edema in the first hour, but after the second hour only the doses of 200 and 300 mg/kg were effective. Leukocyte migration induced by carrageenan in air pouch was reduced by all tested doses. No difference was observed in acetic acid-induced vascular permeability. In conclusion, the anti-inflammatory activity verified in the present study corroborates the ethnobotanical data, where “carrasco” was cited by 19% of the interviewees as anti-inflammatory. Futher studies with EECA are necessary for the elucidation of the possible mechanism of action.
Santos, Ana Carla Feio dos. "Croton sect. Cyclostigma (Euphorbiaceae): novidades anatômicas e taxonômicas." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2016. http://www.locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/10605.
Full textMade available in DSpace on 2017-06-08T16:13:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 3486406 bytes, checksum: 7f33fbc4c32f5d3bb533ac45e96f25a7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-01-26
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais
Croton L. é um gênero megadiverso, amplamente distribuído, monofilético e que, até o momento, possui como única sinapomorfia os estames encurvados no botão floral. Já em nível infragenérico, não há sinapomorfias morfológicas que distingam a maioria das seções. Dentre os caracteres utilizados nas descrições taxonômicas de Croton, destacam-se as estruturas secretoras mostrando-se promissoras como subsídio para a taxonomia e filogenia, pois exibem diversidade morfológica e produzem compostos de natureza química complexa. No entanto, imprecisões em caracterizações anatômicas e descrições taxonômicas que não combinam parâmetros como a natureza química, a estrutura e período de atividade das estruturas secretoras, vêm causando equívocos principalmente quanto ao reconhecimento de coléteres e nectários extraflorais (NEF). Tais estruturas podem ocupar posição equivalente e possuir semelhanças morfológicas. O presente estudo tem como foco Croton seção Cyclostigma sensu stricto, plantas arborescentes e exclusivamente Neotropicais. As espécies desta seção são popularmente conhecidas como sangue de dragão devido à exsudação de látex avermelhado quando os troncos sofrem injúrias. A filogenia molecular de Croton seção Cyclostigma demonstrou uma evolução reticulada, com pouca resolução entre as diferentes linhagens. Neste estudo pretende-se ampliar e gerar uma base de dados mais robusta incluindo caracteres anatômicos foliares. Adicionalmente, a natureza química da secreção produzida pelas estruturas secretoras foliares e florais de C. echinocarpus e C. urucurana foi investigada visando esclarecer a classificação destas estruturas e apontar novas interpretações para o gênero. As amostras foram preparadas conforme metodologia usual para análises em microscopia de luz e eletrônica de varredura. Após descrição da anatomia foliar, foi construída uma matriz binária, a partir da qual foi calculada a distância, gerando um dendrograma de similaridade. Folhas e flores de Croton echinocarpus e C. urucurana apresentaram cinco tipos de estruturas secretoras, que foram similares em ambas as espécies. Os idioblastos secretam compostos de natureza mista, os laticíferos são não-articulados ramificados e coléteres e nectários produzem secreção hidrofílica. As glândulas marginais são coléteres do tipo padrão e as flores também apresentaram este tipo de coléter, uma novidade para o gênero. A análise conjunta da estrutura anatômica, histoquímica e período de atividade secretora foi essencial para permitir uma classificação precisa e assim discutir possíveis homologias das estruturas secretoras no gênero. A presença de diferentes tipos de tricomas estrelados, laticíferos não-articulados, além da ausência de NEF nas margens e tricomas lepidoto e fasciculado foram as principais características anatômicas que possibilitaram agrupar os representantes da seção Cyclostigma. Os caracteres anatômicos agregaram dados na descrição de um novo táxon. A partir da amostragem examinada, não foi confirmada a hipótese sobre a homologia entre idioblastos secretores na epiderme e tricomas secretores, assim como, sobre a generalização de laticíferos articulados em Crotonoideae. Embora não tenha um caracter anatômico único para a seção Cyclostigma, a combinação das características examinadas em diferentes níveis de agrupamento foi útil para demonstrar as semelhanças entre espécimes, estabelecendo a identidade taxonômica específica.
Croton L. is a megadiverse genus, widely distributed species, monophyletic and that, up to now, possesses the curved stamens in flower buds as the only synapomorphy, and at the infrageneric level there are no morphological synapomorphies that distinguish most sections. Among the characters used in taxonomic descriptions of Croton, the secretory structures are particularly important as they have been promising on the suport of taxonomic and phylogenetic studies, taken in to account they exhibit morphological diversity and produce compounds of complex chemical nature. However, imprecisions in anatomical and taxonomic descriptions that do not match parameters as chemical nature, structure and activity period of secretory structures, have been causing mistakes especially for recognition of colleters and extrafloral nectaries (EFN). These structures may occupy an equivalent position and possess morphological similarities. The present study focuses in Croton section Cyclostigma s.s., arborescent plants and exclusively Neotropical. The species of this section are popularly known as dragon's blood due to the reddish latex exudates on trunks upon injuries. The molecular phylogeny of Croton section Cyclostigma showed a reticulate evolution with little resolution among the different lineages of Croton species investigated. This study aims to expand and produce a database including leaf anatomical characters. Additionally, the chemical nature of the secretion produced by leaf and floral secretory structures of C. echinocarpus and C. urucurana was investigated aiming to clarify the classification of these structures and to point new interpretations to the genus. Samples were prepared according to the methodology for analysis under light and scanning electron microscopy. A binary matrix was constructed based on the leaf anatomical description, after that the distance was calculated and a similarity dendrogram was generated. Leaves and flowers of Croton echinocarpus and C. urucurana present idioblasts that secrete mixed nature compounds, laticifers are non-articulated branched and colleters and nectaries produce hydrophilic secretion. The marginal glands are standard type colleters, which are also present in flowers that represents a novelty for the genus. The combined analysis of anatomical structure, histochemistry and secretory activity period was essential to accurate classification and thus discuss possible homologies of secretory structures in the genus. The presence of different types of stellate trichomes, non-articulated laticifers, besides the absence of EFN on the leaf margin and lepidote and fasciculate trichomes were the main anatomical features that made it possible to cluster the representatives of section Cyclostigma. The anatomical characters aggregated data in the description of a new taxon. From the examined sampling was not confirmed the hypothesis about the homology between secretory idioblasts in the epidermis and secretory trichomes, as well as about the generalization of articulated laticifers in Crotonoideae. Although has not a unique anatomical pattern for section Cyclostigma, the combination of features examined on different levels of clustering was useful to demonstrate the similarities between specimens, and to establish taxonomic identities.
NATIVIDADE, Tamires Botelho da. "Estudo químico de Croton echioides." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2015. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/7040.
Full textMade available in DSpace on 2017-08-02T13:03:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tamires Botelho da Natividade.pdf: 2563879 bytes, checksum: 52f923c1e51b91ccac43f0275f4a88e1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-23
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
The Croton genus is among the most studied of the Euphorbiaceae family, is the second largest genus in the family and is classified as the 11th largest genus of flowering plants. Belonging to the subfamily Crotonoideae, is represented by about 1,200 species. Among them, the Croton echioides species, popularly known in northeastern Brazil as “caatinga branca", "cinnamon-of-old", "break-knife" or “stench of goat” is restricted to the Caatinga biome. This study aimed to investigate the chemical constituents of the species Croton echioides. The stem bark was extracted with EtOH, the extract was suspended in MeOH: H2O (1: 1), and partitioned with hexane and AcOEt. Fraction of MeOH: H2O were isolated two alkaloids 5,6,6a, 7-tetrahydro-1,11-dihydroxy-2,10-dimethoxy-6,6-dimethyl-4H-5,6,6a dibenzoquinolínium and, 7- tetrahydro-11-hydroxy-1,2,10-trimethoxy-6,6-dimethyl-4H-dibenzoquinolínium (Substances 1 and 2). The hexane fraction were isolated three terpenes, 3β-lup-20 (29)-en-3-ol (Substance 3) 15,16-epoxy-3-13(16)-clerodano-6-ol (Substance 4) and 15,16-epoxy-3-13(16)-clerodano-6,7-ol (Substance 5), the substances were identified by the 1H NMR spectra and APT, including two-dimensional and mass. Four of the isolated compounds are reported for the first time in this species.
O gênero Croton L. encontra-se entre os mais estudados da família Euphorbiaceae, sendo o segundo maior gênero desta família, classificando-se como o 11° maior gênero entre as angiospermas. Pertencente a subfamília Crotonoideae, está representado por aproximadamente 1.200 espécies. Dentre elas, a espécie Croton echioides, popularmente conhecida na região nordeste do Brasil como “caantinga branca”, “canela-de-velho”,“quebra-faca” ou “caatinga de bode” é restrita ao bioma Caatinga. Este trabalho teve como objetivo investigar os constituintes químicos da espécie Croton echioides. A casca do caule foi extraído com EtOH, esse extrato foi suspenso em MeOH:H2O (1:1), e particionado com hexano e AcOEt. Da fração MeOH:H2O foram isolados dois alcaloides, 5,6,6a,7-tetrahidro-1,11-dihidroxi-2,10-dimetoxi-6,6-dimetil-4H-dibenzoquinolínio e 5,6,6a,7-tetrahidro-11-hidroxi-1,2,10-trimetoxi-6,6-dimetil-4H-dibenzoquinolínio (Substâncias 1 e 2). Da fração hexânica foram isolados três terpenos, 3β-lup-20(29)-en-3-ol (Substância 3), 15,16-epoxi-3-13(16)-clerodano-6-ol (Substância 4) e 15,16-epoxi-3-13(16)-clerodano-6,7-ol (Substância 5), as substâncias foram identificadas através dos espectros de RMN de 1H e APT, incluindo bidimensionais e massas. Quatro das substâncias isoladas são relatadas pela primeira vez nesta espécie.
Oliani, Jocimar. "Croton floribundus e Croton urucurana: fontes de flavonoides e enzimas para a biocatálise de acilação." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41132/tde-19092018-161107/.
Full textCroton is the second largest genus of Euphorbiaceae, with approximately 1,300 species, 300 among them native from Brazilian biomes. Several species of the genus, used worldly in traditional medicine, possess a characteristic blood colored latex, called \"dragon\'s blood\". Chemical studies about Croton species have uncovered multiple classes of secondary metabolites, such as diterpenes (clerodanes, labdanes, kauranes and trachylobanes), volatile oils, steroids and triterpenoids, alkaloids, proanthocyanidins and flavonoids. The latter are secondary metabolites with high structural diversity and recognized as having biological activities with medicinal potential. Croton floribundus Spreng. and C. urucurana Baill. have shown several medicinally promising biological activities and are used in traditional medicine. However, few investigations have been performed aiming the flavonoid chemistry of any of the two species. One of the objectives of the present study is the isolation and identification of flavonoids from leaves of C. floribundus and C. urucurana. Powdered material from both species was extracted by reflux with 80% methanol. The dry extracts were treated with toluene and dichloromethane, lyophilized and solubilized in methanol. The methanol solution was analyzed by polyvinylpolypyrrolidone column chromatography (PVPP-CC). The fractions obtained were further analyzed by PVPP-CC, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography and paper chromatography. The fractions and isolated compounds obtained were analyzed by HPLC. Isolated compounds were identified by 1H and 13C NMR and HPLC co-chromatography with authentic samples. The acylated flavonol tiliroside (5) was obtained from extracts of both species. It seems to be a characteristic marker of the genus, having been reported for a high number of Croton species. From the leaf extract of C. floribundus three triglycosides were obtained in the present work: alcesefoliside (1), mauritianin (2) and isorhamnetin-3-O-(2,6-dirhamnosyl)-galactoside (3). Other glycosides identified were quercetin-3-O-glucoside (4), 3\'-helichrysoside-3-O-methyl ether (6), kaempferol (7), isorhamnetin (8), 3-O-methyl-kaempferol (9) and 3-O-methyl-isorhamnetin (10). The following compounds were obtained from C. urucurana: orientin (11), rutin (12), vitexin (13), quercetin-7-O-rhamnoside (14), rhamnetin-3-O-rhamnoside (15) and quercetin (16). Flavonoids 1, 3 and 14 are new regarding genus Croton and family Euphorbiaceae. Flavonoid 15 was previously found in subfamily Euphorbioideae and is now reported for the first time in Croton. Taking into account the detection of tiliroside in the material analyzed, and that acylation increases both stability and bioavailability of flavonoids, while enhancing their biological activity, an approach was planned to use protein extracts of young leaves of both species aiming the enzymatic acylation of several flavonoids. Young leaves were maintained in liquid N2, ground and treated with extraction buffer. The extract obtained was concentrated and mixed with p-coumaroyl-CoA and a mix of p-coumaric acid and Coenzyme A. The extract was used in assays aiming the acylation of quercetin-3-O-glucoside, kaempferol-3-O-glucoside, quercetin-3-O-galactoside and quercetagetin-7- O-glucoside. The concentration of the protein extract from C. floribundus was lower than that of C. urucurana. The extract from C. urucurana acylated the 3-O-glycosilated substrata kaempferol-glucoside, quercetin-glucoside and quercetin-galactoside, but was ineffective toward quercetagetin-7-O-glucoside. These results suggest that acyltransferases in the extract are regioselective about the position of attachment of the sugar moiety. They were shown to be effective using either p-coumaroyl or the combination p-coumaroyl-CoA + ATP. C. floribundus protein extract acylated only kaempferol-3-O-glucoside, yielding tiliroside, the characteristic acylated flavonoid of Croton
Gurgel, Luilma Albuquerque. "AvaliaÃÃo experimental da atividade antidiarrÃica do lÃtex do croton urucurana baill." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2000. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=79.
Full textO lÃtex vermelho (Dragonâs Blood ou Sangre de Grado) extraÃdo de algumas espÃcies de Croton à utilizado na medicina popular no tratamento de cÃncer, reumatismo, feridas, Ãlceras, diarrÃia e tambÃm no combate a infecÃÃes. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo geral avaliar uma possÃvel atividade antidiarrÃica do lÃtex do Croton urucurana Baill. (LCU), bem como esclarecer os possÃveis mecanismos de aÃÃo envolvidos nesta atividade, de modo a explicar e justificar o uso popular desta planta no tratamento da diarrÃia. Foram utilizados os modelos de diarrÃia induzida por Ãleo de rÃcino em ratos e camundongos, trÃnsito gastrintestinal e secreÃÃo intestinal induzida pela toxina da cÃlera em camundongos, e contraÃÃes induzidas por agonistas (acetilcolina, cloreto de bÃrio e 5-HT) em jejuno isolado de rato. A administraÃÃo oral do LCU (400, 600 e 800 mg/kg) produziu significativa atividade antidiarrÃica. Contudo, no modelo de diarrÃia induzida por Ãleo de rÃcino em ratos, L-arginina (600 mg/kg, i.p.) e naloxona (2 mg/kg, s.c.) nÃo foram capazes de reverter a atividade antidiarrÃica do LCU (800 mg/kg, v.o.). No modelo de trÃnsito gastrintestinal, o LCU produziu um inibiÃÃo significativa do mesmo (p<0,01) em todas as doses utilizadas. PorÃm, naloxona (2 mg/kg, s.c.), L-arginina (600 mg/kg, i.p.) e ioimbina (1 mg/kg, i.p.) falharam em reverter, de forma significativa, o efeito inibitÃrio do LCU sobre o trÃnsito gastrintestinal. No modelo de trÃnsito gastrintestinal estimulado por fisostigmina (0,25 mg/kg, i.p.), o LCU (600 mg/kg, v.o.) nÃo foi capaz de inibir o mesmo de forma significativa, indicando a ausÃncia de uma aÃÃo anticolinÃrgica. O LCU (600 mg/kg) inibiu a secreÃÃo intestinal induzida pela toxina da cÃlera e esta inibiÃÃo foi maior que aquela mostrada pela clorpromazina (25 mg/kg, v.o.), uma droga conhecida por seu efeito anti-secretÃrio. No modelo de jejuno isolado de rato, o LCU inibiu de forma marcante as contraÃÃes induzidas por 5-HT, enquanto falhou em alterar as contraÃÃes induzidas pelos outros dois agonistas, cloreto de bÃrio e acetilcolina. O LCU demonstrou baixa toxicidade, a DL50 (dose letal para 50% dos animais) encontrada foi de 5,20  0,13 g/Kg, por via oral. Em conclusÃo, os resultados obtidos em nosso estudo sugerem que o lÃtex do Croton urucurana Baill. apresenta atividade antidiarrÃica, confirmando seu uso popular, podendo ser explorado como uma alternativa para o tratamento da diarrÃia, sozinho ou em combinaÃÃo com a soluÃÃo de reidrataÃÃo oral. Muito embora seu mecanismo de aÃÃo ainda nÃo seja claro, seu efeito à independente da participaÃÃo de mecanismo opiÃide, colinÃrgico, α2-adrenÃrgico ou nitriÃrgico.
The red sap (Dragonâs Blood ou Sangre de Grado) extracted from some Croton species is used in folk medicine for the treatment of cancer, rheumatism, wounds, ulcers, diarrhoea and to combat infections. The aim of this study is to evaluate a possible antidiarrhoeic activity of the sap extracted from Croton urucurana Baill. (SCU) and to elucidate the possible mechanism involved on this activity, explaining and justifying the popular use of this plant for the treatment of diarrhoea. The experimental models used were, castor oil-induced diarrhoea in rats and mice, gastrointestinal transit and cholera toxin-induced intestinal secretion in mice, and contractile responses evoked by agonists (acetylcholine, barium chloride and 5-HT) in isolated rat jejunum. SCU (400, 600 and 800 mg/kg, p.o.) produced a significant antidiarrhoeic activity. However, in the castor oil-induced diarrhoea model, in rats, neither L-arginine (600 mg/kg, i.p.) nor naloxone (2 mg/kg, s.c.) reverted the SCU (800 mg/kg, p.o.) antidiarrhoeic activity. On the gastrointestinal transit SCU produced a significant (p<0,01) inhibitory effect at all the test doses employed. However, naloxone (2 mg/kg, s.c.), L-arginine (600 mg/kg, i.p.) and ioimbine (1 mg/kg, i.p.) failed to mitigate in a significant manner, this inhibitory effect of SCU. When tested on physostigmine-induced gastrointestinal transit, SCU (600 mg/kg, p.o.) showed no significant inhibition indicating absence of anticholinergic action. The cholera toxin-induced intestinal secretion was inhibited by SCU (600 mg/kg, p.o.) and this inhibition was greater than that observed with chlorpromazine (25 mg/kg, p.o.), an established antisecretory drug. In isolated rat jejunum, SCU markedly inhibited the contractile responses evoked by 5-HT, but failed to modify the contractile responses of other two agonists, barium chloride and acetylcholine. SCU showed low toxicity, the LD50 (letal dose for 50% of the animals) registered was 5,20 +/- 0,13 g/Kg, per oral route. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that the sap extracted from Croton urucurana presents antidiarrhoeic activity, confirming its popular use, and can be explored as an alternative treatment for diarrhoea, alone or in combination with the oral rehydration solution. Though, its mechanism of action is unclear, but its effect is independent of opioid, cholinergic, alpha2-adrenergic or nitriergic mechanism.
Yamale, Sosthène Cyr Rufin. "Etude phytochimique de l'espèce Croton : contribution à l'étude de Croton mayumbensis J. Léonard (Euphorbiaceae) du Centrafrique." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CLF1MM04.
Full textCaruzo, Maria Beatriz Rossi. "Sistemática de Croton sect. Cleodora (Euphorbiaceae s.s.)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41132/tde-22052010-121127/.
Full textIn the present study the monophyly and phylogenetic relationships of In the present study the monophyly and phylogenetic relationships of Croton sect. Cleodora (Euphorbiaceae s.s.) were examined using sequences of nuclear ITS and the plastid regions trnL-F e trnH-psbA (chapter 1). The results shown that the section, in its traditional circumscription, is not monophyletic and, therefore, a new circumscription was proposed. Based on this new circumscription a taxonomic revision was done (chapter 2), where were presented, for the 18 recognized species, identification keys, descriptions, illustrations, pictures, synonymous, and comments on ecology and taxonomy of the species. A detailed study about morphology of foliar trichomes and patterns of distribution are presented. Predictive habitat distribution models were built to understand the ecology of the studied group (chapter 5). In its new circumscription, section Cleodora has 18 species and it is exclusively Neotropical, disjunctly distributed between south Mexico/Central America, north and northwestern South America and eastern Brazil. Some features shared by the member of this section are: arborescent or shrubby habit; presence of latex; lepidote trichomes (all subtypes), rarely stellate or multiradiate; leaves with a pair of basilaminar or acropetiolar glands; inflorescences usually with basal bisexual cymules; sepals of the staminate flowers usually united half of their length; 15-25 stamens; sepals of the pistillate flowers united at the base or higher, usually imbricative, and 4-fid or multifid styles, united at the base or higher, usually forming a crown
Santos, Kátia Pereira dos. "Croton sphaerogynus Baill.: substâncias fenólicas e atividades biológicas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41132/tde-27082014-084120/.
Full textSince the early days of medicine, chemical substances derived from animals, plants and micro-organisms have been used in treating various diseases. Among these, the products derived from plants have dominated the pharmacopoeia for thousands of years, providing an inexhaustible source of medicinal resources. Secondary metabolism is generally defined as responsible for the wide variety of chemical substances produced by plants, but specific for some groups. Important physiological and ecological plant functions are attributed to flavonoids, such as photoprotection and pollinators attraction. For humans, this class of substances has medicinal properties, acting mainly as anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antitumor, antioxidant, hepatoprotective and antimicrobial. Croton L. is the second largest genus of Euphorbiaceae, with about 1300 species of trees, bushes or herbs. Croton is distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of the New and Old World, occurring in almost all Brazilian ecosystems. Croton cajucara is an example of species in clinical trials, having therapeutic indications for diabetes, hepatic and renal disorders, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, among others. Croton sphaerogynus Baill. emerges in the same clade of C. cajucara, and becomes a promising species for prospection of bioactive substances. This study aimed to investigate the phenolic composition and biological potential of phenolic substances present in leaf extracts of C. sphaerogynus and test their antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti - HIV potential. C. sphaerogynus was characterized as exclusive producer of flavonol, besides it is a major producer of diterpenes. Two flavonoids were isolated quercetin 3,7-dimethyl ether, and kaempferol 3-methyl ether. Regarding biological activities, the subfraction composed mainly of quercetin 3,7-dimethyl ether showed high antioxidant potential and the higher anti-HIV-1 activity when compared to extracts and other subfractions tested. The hexane fraction, rich in diterpenes, showed promising antimicrobial activity. Thus, C. spherogynus becomes a promising species for the uses of antioxidants substances
Books on the topic "Croton"
Brown, B. Frank. A Codiaeum encyclopedia: Crotons of the world. Valkaria, Fla: Valkaria Tropical Garden, 1995.
Find full textMorter, Jon. The Chora of Croton: The Neolithic settlement at Capo Alfiere. Autin, Tex: University of Texas Press, 2010.
Find full textAye, Than Than, and Than Than Aye. Comparative study on morphology and anatomy of some species of genus Croton. Mandalay, Myanmar: University of Mandalay, Dept. of Botany, 1999.
Find full textAye, Than Than. Comparative study on morphology and anatomy of some species of genus croton. Mandalay, Myanmar: University of Mandalay, Department of Botany, 1999.
Find full textJohn, Robb, ed. The chora of Croton 1: The Neolithic settlement at Capo Alfiere. Austin [Tex.]: Institute of Classical Archaeology, University of Texas Press, 2010.
Find full textSinopse das espécies de Croton L. (Euphorbiaceae) na Amazônia brasileira: Um ensaio taxonômico. Belém, Pará: Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, 2008.
Find full textMarcy, Larry E. Doveweeds (Croton spp.): Section 7.4.2, US Army Corps of Engineers wildlife resources management manual. Vicksburg, Miss: U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, 1986.
Find full textHuffman, Carl A. Philolaus of Croton: Pythagorean and presocratic : a commentary on the fragments and testimonia with interpretive essays. Cambridge [England]: Cambridge University Press, 1993.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Croton"
Bährle-Rapp, Marina. "Croton elutheria." In Springer Lexikon Kosmetik und Körperpflege, 134. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71095-0_2539.
Full textKrist, Sabine. "Croton Oil." In Vegetable Fats and Oils, 295–99. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30314-3_45.
Full textLeisch-Kiesl, Monika, and Franziska Heiß. "JULIA CROTON." In Linzer Beiträge zur Kunstwissenschaft und Philosophie, 112–20. Bielefeld, Germany: transcript Verlag, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.14361/9783839461365-016.
Full textBussmann, Rainer W., Narel Y. Paniagua-Zambrana, and Grace N. Njoroge. "Croton dichogamus Pax Croton macrostachyus Hochst ex Delile Croton megalocarpus Hutch. Euphorbiaceae." In Ethnobotany of the Mountain Regions of Africa, 1–10. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77086-4_52-1.
Full textBussmann, Rainer W., Narel Y. Paniagua-Zambrana, and Grace N. Njoroge. "Croton dichogamus Pax Croton macrostachyus Hochst ex Delile Croton megalocarpus Hutch. Euphorbiaceae." In Ethnobotany of the Mountain Regions of Africa, 357–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38386-2_52.
Full textBährle-Rapp, Marina. "Croton Glabellus Extract." In Springer Lexikon Kosmetik und Körperpflege, 134. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71095-0_2540.
Full textKhare, C. P. "Croton oblongifolius Roxb." In Indian Medicinal Plants, 1. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-70638-2_418.
Full textKhare, C. P. "Croton tiglium Linn." In Indian Medicinal Plants, 1. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-70638-2_419.
Full textSchnell, Anneliese, Richard A. Jarrell, Dorrit Hoffleit, Christoffel Waelkens, Thomas R. Williams, Thomas Nelson Winter, Narahari Achar, et al. "Philolaus of Croton." In The Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers, 900. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-30400-7_1085.
Full textAzimova, Shakhnoza S., and Anna I. Glushenkova. "Croton capitatus Michx." In Lipids, Lipophilic Components and Essential Oils from Plant Sources, 362. London: Springer London, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-323-7_1103.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Croton"
Moremi, P., GP Kamatou, W. Chen, and A. Viljoen. "Chemical profiling of Croton gratissimus Burch." In 67th International Congress and Annual Meeting of the Society for Medicinal Plant and Natural Product Research (GA) in cooperation with the French Society of Pharmacognosy AFERP. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-3399752.
Full textIsyaka, M., M. Langat, E. Mas-Claret, T. Hodges, M. Brabner, J. Munisi, B. Mbala, and D. Mulholland. "Anticancer Diterpenoids from African Croton Species." In GA – 70th Annual Meeting 2022. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1759135.
Full textUddin, Nasim, and J. F. Baltz. "Seismic Evaluation and Remediation of Croton Dam." In Waterpower Conference 1999. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40440(1999)17.
Full textde FARIAS, P. F., R. C. D. da CRUZ, K. S. CARVALHO, R. J. O. COSTA, S. L. C. SILVA, and I. A. de SOUZA. "AVALIAÇÃO TOXICOLÓGICA DO BLEND DE ÓLEOS ESSENCIAIS DAS FOLHAS DE CROTON ARGYROPHYLLUS E CROTON TETRADENIUS (EUPHORBIACEAE) SOBRE LARVAS DEAEDES AEGYPTI (DIPTERA:CULICIDAE)." In ANAIS DO 5º ENCONTRO BRASILEIRO PARA INOVAçãO TERAPêUTICA. Galoa, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.17648/ebit-2017-85658.
Full textCavalcante, Yanna Portela, and Francisco Artur E. Silva Filho. "ANÁLISE DE METABÓLITOS VOLÁTEIS PARA AVALIAÇÃO QUIMIOTAXONÔMICA DO GÊNERO CROTON (EUPHORBIACEAE)." In II Congresso Brasileiro de Ciências Biológicas On-line. Revista Multidisciplinar Educação e Meio Ambiente, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51189/rema/1659.
Full textAlbuquerque de Oliveira, Marcela, Suelen Cristina Lourenço de Barros, Marília Gabriela Muniz Arruda, Ana Patrícia da Costa, Atílio Vinícius Alexandre Da Silva, ROBERTA JEANE BEZERRA JORGE, and Ivone Antonia de Souza. "Atividade Antitumoral de espécies do gênero Croton: Uma revisão Integrativa." In II Congresso Internacional de Saúde Única ( Interface Mundial). ,: Even3, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29327/icidsuim2020.305668.
Full textCharles R Cutietta-Olson, Vincent Giorgio, James Lee, Dianne Olsen, Anna Snider, and Jennifer Stengle. "Lawn Fertilization Practices on Private Property in the Croton System." In Watershed Management to Meet Water Quality Standards and TMDLS (Total Maximum Daily Load) Proceedings of the 10-14 March 2007, San Antonio, Texas. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.22493.
Full textportugal, marco antonio sousa, LUCAS EDUARDO LOPES FARIAS, LUANA CRISTHINY SILVA DA COSTA, JOSEPH PINA BONFIM FERREIRA, and ANA VITÓRIA PINHEIRO SERRA. "ENRAIZAMENTO DE ESTACAS DE CROTON SACAQUINHA CROIZAT EM DIFERENTES SUBSTRATOS ORGÂNICOS." In III Congresso On-line Internacional de Sustentabilidade. Revista Multidisciplinar de Educação e Meio Ambiente, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51189/iii-coninters/11328.
Full textBezerra, Luanna Carvalho Pinto, Nailton Passos Brito Filho, Angélica Lima Soares, Heloísa Cronemberger Rufino Madeiro, and Rosemarie Brandim Marques. "AÇÃO PROTETORA GÁSTRICA DO ÓLEO ESSENCIAL DAS FOLHAS DE Croton heliotropiifolius Kunth." In ANAIS DO IV CONGRESSO MéDICO ACADêMICO BRASILEIRO/ XXVII CONGRESSO NORDESTINO MéDICO ACADêMICO/ XXVII CONGRESSO MéDICO ACADêMICO. Galoa, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.17648/comapi-2022-156953.
Full textde Andrade Gomes Silva, Jéssica, Rayane Siqueira de Sousa, Elizabeth Fernanda de Oliveira Borba, Katharina Rodrigues de Lima Porto Ramos, MAria gAbriella oLiveir dE sOusa, Stella de Jesus Lourenço da Silva, and Teresinha Gonçalves da Silva. "Avaliação da toxicidade aguda pré-clínica do extrato hexânico de Croton heliotropiifolius Kunth." In II Congresso Internacional de Saúde Única ( Interface Mundial). ,: Even3, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29327/icidsuim2020.305666.
Full textReports on the topic "Croton"
Kanies, Tim. DNC / CRONOS Deployment 703040. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/952473.
Full textWESTON (ROY F) INC WEST CHESTER PA. Report of Sampling and Analysis Results, Croom Army Housing Units, Croom, Maryland. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada227474.
Full textBétournay, M. C. Surface crown pillar handbook English-French lexicon of surface crown pillar related terms. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/305080.
Full textScott, Joe H., and Elizabeth D. Reinhardt. Assessing crown fire potential by linking models of surface and crown fire behavior. Ft. Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/rmrs-rp-29.
Full textEWING COLE CHERRY PARSKY INC PHILADELPHIA PA. Energy Engineering Analysis Program, Croom Townhouses (Cameron Station), Croom, Maryland; Volume 1 - Executive Summary. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada330579.
Full textKhounsary, A. M. A preliminary analysis of the APS crotch design. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/374128.
Full textBronson, R. T., Jerald S. Bradshaw, Paul B. Savage, Krzysztof E. Krakowiak, and Reed M. Izatt. Synthesis of Bis-8-Hydroxyquinoline-Armed Diazatrithia-15-Crown-5 and Diazatrithia-16-Crown-5 Ligands. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada389716.
Full textBronson, R. T., Jerald S. Bradshaw, Paul B. Savage, Saowarux Fuangswasdi, and Sang C. Lee. Photophysical Properties of Bis-8-Hydroxyquinoline-Armed Diazatrithia-15-Crown-5 and Diazatrithia-16-Crown-5 Ligands. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada389688.
Full textKistler, Harold Corby, and Talma Katan. Identification of DNA Unique to the Tomato Fusarium Wilt and Crown Rot Pathogens. United States Department of Agriculture, September 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7571359.bard.
Full textBartsch, R. Metal ion complexation by ionizable crown ethers. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5483625.
Full text