Relevant bibliographies by topics / Crowbar

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Academic literature on the topic 'Crowbar'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 17 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Crowbar"

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Ling, Yu, Zhenlan Dou, Qiang Gao, and Xu Cai. "Improvement of the Low-Voltage Ride-through Capability of Doubly Fed Induction Generator Wind Turbines." Wind Engineering 36, no. 5 (2012): 535–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/0309-524x.36.5.535.

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So far, active crowbars are a preferred technique for doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) wind turbines, which is used to protect the power converter against over-current and undesirably high dc link voltage during voltage dip. However, its main drawbacks are that (1) the DFIG absorbs reactive power from the grid during grid voltage dips, (2) the crowbar activation increases the acceleration of the rotor and so, deteriorates the dynamic stability of DFIG, and (3) the control is not flexible for long-time voltage sags. In the paper, three different initiating logic control methods of crowbar protection are compared, and how low-voltage ride-through (LVRT) characteristics of DFIG wind turbines with active crowbar are affected by different switching logic control modes of the crowbar are investigated. According to the comparison results, an improved crowbar switching control strategy is proposed to reduce its operation time and improve the LVRT capability of DFIG wind turbines. In addition, an emergency pitch blade angle control scheme to reduce the acceleration of the rotor and prevent the over-speeding of rotor is presented in detail, and as a result, the LVRT capability of DFIG wind turbines is enhanced even during long-time voltage sags. Finally, the presented control strategies are validated in simulation tool Matalab/Simulink for a 1.5MW generator.
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Hunter, Tom. "Le Crowbar." Photography and Culture 7, no. 1 (2014): 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.2752/175145214x13936100122480.

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Zhu, Qianlong, Ming Ding, and Pingping Han. "Equivalent Modeling of DFIG-Based Wind Power Plant Considering Crowbar Protection." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8426492.

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Crowbar conduction has an impact on the transient characteristics of a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) in the short-circuit fault condition. But crowbar protection is seldom considered in the aggregation method for equivalent modeling of DFIG-based wind power plants (WPPs). In this paper, the relationship between the growth of postfault rotor current and the amplitude of the terminal voltage dip is studied by analyzing the rotor current characteristics of a DFIG during the fault process. Then, a terminal voltage dip criterion which can identify crowbar conduction is proposed. Considering the different grid connection structures for single DFIG and WPP, the criterion is revised and the crowbar conduction is judged depending on the revised criterion. Furthermore, an aggregation model of the WPP is established based on the division principle of crowbar conduction. Finally, the proposed equivalent WPP is simulated on a DIgSILENT PowerFactory platform and the results are compared with those of the traditional equivalent WPPs and the detailed WPP. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the method for equivalent modeling of DFIG-based WPP when crowbar protection is also taken into account.
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Nickles, Thomas. "The crowbar model of method and its implications." THEORIA. An International Journal for Theory, History and Foundations of Science 34, no. 3 (2019): 357. http://dx.doi.org/10.1387/theoria.19070.

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There is a rough, long-term tradeoff between rate of innovation and degree of strong realism in scientific practice, a point reflected in historically changing conceptions of method as they retreat from epistemological foundationism to a highly fallibilistic, modeling perspective. The successively more liberal, innovation-stimulating methods open up to investigation deep theoretical domains at the cost, in many cases, of moving away from strong realism as a likely outcome of research. The crowbar model of method highlights this tension, expressed as the crowbar compromiseand the crowbar fallacy. The tools-to-theories heuristic, described and evaluated by Gigerenzer and colleagues, can be regarded as an attempt by some scientific realists to overcome this compromise. Instead, it is an instance of it. Nonetheless, in successful applications the crowbar model implies a modest, instrumental (nonrepresentational) realism.
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Morsali, Payam, Pooria Morsali, and Erfan Gholami Ghadikola. "Analysis and Simulation of Optimal Crowbar Value Selection on Low Voltage Ride-Through Behavior of a DFIG-Based Wind Turbine." Proceedings 58, no. 1 (2020): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wef-06939.

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The energy production future is dominated by renewable energy sources driven by global warming problems and aiming at the reduction of fossil fuel dependence. Wind energy is becoming competitive with fossil fuels considering its less price and less CO2 emission production. Wind turbines consist of different types, including Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) which is a variable speed wind turbine and operates at varying speeds corresponding to the varying wind speeds from the cut-in speed through the rated wind speed to the cut-out speed. In the case of grid failure, the network voltage drops; consequently, the rotor current and DC link voltage increase which leads to damage of the rotor windings and power electronics device. Some protections are applied to the machine in order to help the Low Voltage Ride-Through (LVRT) ability of the doubly fed induction generator. In this root, the crowbar protection circuit is used widely in wind power plants. However, crowbar protection should be sized carefully due to its effects on both DC link voltage and rotor currents. In this paper, a doubly fed induction generator with crowbar protection is studied and the optimum value for the crowbar protection is derived; then, a Simulink model of a doubly fed induction generator protected by a crowbar protection is developed and used to analyze the effect of crowbar protection value on the DC link voltage and rotor currents. The results show a significant improvement in the LVRT ability of the DFIG.
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Shengqing, Li, Yao Ming, and Yuwen Zhang. "Crowbar Resistance Setting and its Influence on DFIG Low Voltage Based on Characteristics." IAES International Journal of Robotics and Automation (IJRA) 6, no. 1 (2017): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijra.v6i1.pp31-38.

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<span>In the case of low voltage fault cases,doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) with Crowbar protection circuit to realize low voltage ride through (LVRT),</span><span>and the choice of crowbar resistance of unit LVRT effects is very large.In this paper, from the DFIG wind power system steady state and transient mathematical model of voltage drop down, using space vector analysis method and Laplace transform, deduced the time domain transient current expressions of voltage drop Put forward the method for calculating the maximum fault current and the rotor side crowbar resistance setting method, solve the crowbar protection circuit for tilting rotor current and DC bus over-voltage problems. Numerical example and simulation shows that, The proposed method, effectively suppress the transient component of fault current, significantly improved the automation level of the wind power system.</span>
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Zhang, Dahai, Ying Chen, Jing Yang, Ming Tan, Xiandong Ma, and Wei Li. "Fault Ride-Through Analysis and Protection of a 2-MW DFIG Tidal Current Turbine." Marine Technology Society Journal 49, no. 5 (2015): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.49.5.1.

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AbstractThe purposes of this article are to report on a study of fault ride-through (FRT) capability improvements of a tidal current turbine with a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) and to investigate protection schemes for power electronic converters without disconnection during grid faults. A dynamic model of a DFIG tidal current turbine is described in the article, taking into account the effect of crowbar protection on the system when subjected to disturbances, such as short circuit faults. Investigations into the dynamic behavior of tidal current turbines are made through extensive simulations via PSCAD/EMTDC software. The research demonstrates that both the timing of crowbar removal and the value of crowbar resistance have a significant impact on the system voltage recovery following grid faults. The article also demonstrates that the selection of an appropriate crowbar resistor value is critical in order to ensure that the DFIG returns to normal operation with active and reactive power control as quickly as possible.
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Van Lenning, Alkeline. "The Body As Crowbar." Feminist Theory 5, no. 1 (2004): 25–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464700104037058.

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Liu, Zi Fa, and Anaya Lara Olimpo. "Optimal DFIG Converter Protection Design under Different Controllers." Applied Mechanics and Materials 84-85 (August 2011): 303–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.84-85.303.

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To enable wind turbine and the power converter have the ability to protect itself without disconnection to power grids during the fault, protection for crowbar and chopper should be designed properly. Optimal resistors value of crowbar and chopper are calculated under PVdq controller and Fmac controller according to the proposed index which embody the effect of rotor current, reactive power, converter capacitor voltage and the electrical torque. Simulation results obtained by using PSCAD show that DFIG should be designed with different optimal crowbar and chopper resistors under different controllers. Moreover, DFIG with Fmac controller has better fault ride-through capability than that with PVdq controller.
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Jawaid, Saad, and Dan Cody. "Crowbar impalement: the PHEM perspective." BMJ Case Reports 11, no. 1 (2018): e227293. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2018-227293.

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A man in his 50s suffered an impalement on a crowbar after falling from the roof of a domestic shed. A helicopter-based prehospital emergency medical service team was called to assist in the patient’s care. The crowbar had entered from the left-upper quadrant and was tenting the skin of the right iliac fossa. Analgesia and prehospital sedation were provided to facilitate extrication. A series of improvisations were carried out to support the logistics of transferring the patient using an air ambulance to the regional major trauma centre with the crowbar in situ. The patient was taken to the operating theatre without any imaging and a section of perforated bowel was removed. He made a full recovery and was discharged home 9 days postincident.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Crowbar"

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Naranjo, Rafael Ricardo Avila. "Alternatives to the use of the crowbar circuit in DFIG based wind turbines during balanced voltage dips." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3143/tde-30122014-112624/.

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Most of the modern wind turbines are based on doubly fed induction generators (DFIG), with a back to back power converter connecting the rotor to the network. It is known that voltage dips at the stator terminals can cause overcurrents in the rotor windings, which could threaten the converter integrity. In order to protect the converter, several strategies have been proposed in technical literature, requiring in some cases the converter deactivation, which disables the control that the converter has over the power transference between the generator and the system. This last is not a desirable behavior since it can put on risk the voltage stability of the electric system. It is the aim of this dissertation to introduce and compare five of those protection strategies, through the computational simulation of their performance in case of balanced voltage dips. In order to achieve this, the electromagnetic dynamic model of the DFIG was theoretically developed, as well as the models of the strategies of interest. Subsequently, the computational model of the system was assembled in the software Matlabs Simulink to finally perform the desired simulations and its corresponding analysis.
A maioria das turbinas eólicas modernas é baseada em geradores de indução duplamente alimentados (GIDE), com um back to back conversor de energia que liga o rotor para a rede. Sabe-se que as quedas de tensão nos terminais do estator podem causar sobrecorrentes nos enrolamentos do rotor, que podem ameaçar a integridade do conversor. A fim de proteger o conversor, várias estratégias têm sido propostas na literatura técnica, exigindo, em alguns casos, a desativação do conversor, o qual desativa o controlo do conversor, que possui ao longo da transferência de energia entre o gerador e o sistema. Este último não é um comportamento desejável, uma vez que pode colocar em risco a estabilidade de tensão do sistema elétrico. É o objetivo desta dissertação apresentar e comparar cinco dessas estratégias de proteção, através da simulação computacional de seu desempenho em caso de quedas de tensão equilibrada. A fim de alcançar este objetivo, o modelo dinâmico eletromagnética do DFIG teoricamente foi desenvolvido, bem como os modelos das estratégias de interesse. Subsequentemente, o modelo computacional do sistema foi montado no software Simulink do Matlab para finalmente executar as simulações desejadas e sua análise correspondente.
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ARIAS, Piedy Del Mar Agamez. "Impacto da proteção do tipo crowbar dos aerogeradores de indução duplamente excitados nos sistemas de proteção de redes de distribuição." Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016. http://repositorio.ufpa.br/jspui/handle/2011/8006.

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Submitted by camilla martins (camillasmmartins@gmail.com) on 2017-02-21T18:40:07Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_ImpactoProtecaoTipo.pdf: 1575069 bytes, checksum: a2fcaa26dea5129a1846694b720486fe (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by Edisangela Bastos (edisangela@ufpa.br) on 2017-03-27T13:52:13Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_ImpactoProtecaoTipo.pdf: 1575069 bytes, checksum: a2fcaa26dea5129a1846694b720486fe (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-27T13:52:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_ImpactoProtecaoTipo.pdf: 1575069 bytes, checksum: a2fcaa26dea5129a1846694b720486fe (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-07
CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
A contínua incorporação de geração distribuída às redes de energia elétrica no mundo, a partir de fontes renováveis, tem contribuído positivamente no fornecimento de energia, na eficiência energética e na redução de gases poluentes. Apesar disso, novos desafios relacionados com as mudanças na qualidade da energia, a estabilidade do sistema e os níveis de curto circuito, dentre outros, continuam sendo alvo de pesquisas. O Brasil tem adicionado nos últimos anos uma importante quantidade de gigawatts às redes graças a conexão de grandes parques eólicos. Adicionalmente, as recentes possibilidades para que os consumidores se tornem pequenos geradores e troquem energia nas redes de distribuição, visa a conexão de outra quantidade de gigawatts. Diante disto, este trabalho apresenta as análises do impacto da atuação da proteção do tipo crowbar dos aerogeradores de indução duplamente excitados (DFIG) sobre os sistemas de proteção empregados nas redes de distribuição radiais, visando avaliar a influência que exerce sobre a coordenação das funções de proteção de sobrecorrente quando ocorrem faltas na rede. Para garantir este objetivo, avaliações das contribuições às correntes de curto-circuito do DFIGs ligados à rede durante perturbação, são efetuadas no software DIGSILENT Power Factory 14.1, sob a consideração de dois casos de operação do DFIG. Um deles contempla a não inserção da proteção do tipo crowbar e o outro considera a inserção desta proteção durante uma perturbação na rede. A estratégia para implantar a proteção do tipo crowbar estabelece a inserção de resistências ao circuito do rotor do DFIG quando forem ultrapassados limites de corrente no rotor e tensão no ponto de conexão. Os resultados obtidos fornecem informações relevantes relacionadas com as mudanças nos níveis de curto-circuito, as quais devem ser contempladas nos estudos prévios à conexão de novos DFIG, devido a importância que representam para coordenar as funções de proteção de sobreccorrente sob considerações dinâmicas e em regime permanente.
The continued incorporation of distributed generation from renewable sources to electricity networks in the world, has contributed positively in the energy supply, energy efficiency and reduction of polluting gases. Nevertheless, new challenges related to the variations in power quality, system stability, short circuit levels, among others, continue to be research. The Brazil has added in recent years an important amount of gigawatts to networks through the connection of large wind farms. In addition, recent possibilities for consumers to make small generators and exchange energy in the distribution network aims to connect another quantity of gigawatts. In this context, this work presents the analysis of the impact of Crowbar protection of double feed induction generator (DFIG) on protection systems used in radial distribution networks to evaluate its influence on the coordination of overcurrent protection functions when there are faults in the network. To reach this goal, assessments of contributions to short-circuit currents of DFIG connected to the grid during disturbance, was simulated in DIGSILENT Power Factory 14.1 software where two cases where considered. The first includes the non-inclusion of crowbar protection and the second considers the inclusion of this protection during a network disturbance. The strategy implemented on crowbar protection proposed the series resistance insertion in the rotor circuit when thresholds velocity, current in the rotor and voltage at the connection point, are Exceeded. The results provide relevant short-circuit levels information that from now on must be considered during previous DFIG connection studies due to the importance they represent to coordinate overcurrent protection function under dynamic and steady state conditions.
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Ozakturk, Meliksah. "Power electronic systems design co-ordination for doubly-fed induction generator wind turbines." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2012. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/power-electronic-systems-design-coordination-for-doublyfed-induction-generator-wind-turbines(ebe4de00-07ad-4b06-8b8d-79be291804e7).html.

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Wind turbine modelling using doubly-fed induction generators is a well-known subject. However, studies have tended to focus on optimising the components of the system rather than considering the interaction between the components. This research examines the interaction of the control methods for a doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) in a wind turbine application integrating them with the crowbar protection control and DC-link brake control to make the best use of the converter. The controls of the rotor-side and the grid-side converters of the DFIG model are both well established and have been shown to work. Typically the crowbar protection is designed in order to protect the rotor-side converter and the power electronic components of the DFIG system from high currents occurring in the rotor due to the faults. The DC-link brake-overvoltage protection is also designed to prevent the overcharging of the DC-link capacitor placed between the rotor-side converter and the grid-side converter. In order to show that these protection schemes work and with thought can co-ordinate with each other, tests consisting of a number of balanced three-, two- and one-phase voltage sags are applied to the network voltage. The main contributions of this thesis are establishing operational tuning and design limits for the controllers and system subassemblies. This is to minimise the electrical subsystem interaction while maintaining adequate performance, and have an improved DC-link control. This work also includes a full electrical system study of the wind turbine and an essential literature review on significant references in the field of the DFIG wind turbine system modelling, control and protection. Specifically this research project makes a number of novel contributions to the literature: enhanced DC voltage control including operating point sensitivity analysis and dynamic stiffness assessment, sensitivity and robustness analyses of the power loop control and control loop segmentation by appropriately tuning the controller loops.
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Crowder, Jefferson Osborn. "Data analysis for space-based gravitational wave detectors." Diss., Montana State University, 2006. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2006/crowder/CrowderJ0506.pdf.

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Ashmankas, Brian. "A Value Pluralist Approach to Political Ideology: The Six Universal and Conflicting Principles from which our Politics Derive." Thesis, Boston College, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/2586.

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Thesis advisor: Nasser Behnegar
Political ideology can be described in terms of value pluralist theory. Much of the variation between political ideologies can be explained by the fact that the principles that are essential to society--liberty, equality, fraternity, peace, loyalty, and civilization--are incommensurable and often conflict forcing each person and community to emphasize some principles over others leading to an imperfect society. Each political ideology is a combination of interests and the selected balance of principles and thus can be essentially defined according to the level of preference for each of these six principles. This paper studies major political ideologies throughout the globe and develops a model for understanding them in these terms. This paper further argues for a pluralist democracy, with constantly shifting ideological dominance in a community as the next best thing to an impossible utopia and the only means of preventing the collapse of society due to a lack of essential principles. This model makes clear the fallacy of understanding political ideology in terms of "left" and "right," which not only oversimplify political ideology but also fundamentally misrepresent it. It also leads to narrowing visions of politics that prevent significant changes to a political system and undermine the possibility for pluralist democracy
Thesis (MA) — Boston College, 2012
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Political Science
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Chu, Hung-lin, and 朱泓霖. "The Performance Evaluation of MRI Contrast Agent Dotarem in the Presence of Ions and Macromolecular Crowder Ficoll 70." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/zvxenp.

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碩士
國立中山大學
化學系研究所
105
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is one of the mostly useful non-invasive techniques in many fields because of the advantage of providing three dimensional details images without using damaging ionization radiation, making it a powerful tool in various fields from medical diagnosis, food science, biochemistry, materials science to experimental psychology and linguistics. To increase image quality and assist diagnosis or interpretation, an image contrast agent (MRICA) may be employed, which accelerates nuclear relaxation of the imaged spins via paramagnetic ions, to enhance image contrast which usually converts to a higher accuracy in image analysis. In clinical diagnosis, for example, over 40% of MRI scans are carried out with the assistance of a contrast agent. The traditional theory of MRI contrast agents, assuming that they are located in a dilute, small molecular solution, gives good approximation in many situations. However, the cellular environment is typically complex, filled with many macromolecules, small molecules, ions and water. Consequently, understanding how a contrast agent interact with the other molecules in human cells is very important. This work focuses on the effect of MRI contrast agent from the common ions in organism and a much used simulated crowder. We use Dotarem which is the mostly used in medical diagnosis as the MRI contrast agent. The ions rich in body ( LiCl、NaCl、KCl、MgCl2、CaCl2 ) are used as the ion source. Then we select a macromolecule crowder (Ficoll 70, M.W. 70kDa, an artificial inert macromolecule, with cross-linking structure in aqueous solutions) to mimic the cellular crowded environment. To investigate the interaction between MRI Contrast Agent and water in the presence of ions and macromolecular crowded environment, 1H chemical shift and relaxation rate of water is measured on 400 MHz NMR and 500 MHz NMR spectrometers, respectively. The conductivity of the solution is measured with AC impedance analysis. It is found that the chemical shift and longitudinal relaxation coefficient are sensitive to ion concentration. We also found that the conductivity of the solution is affected by crowder, and shows some deviation from Debye-Hückel theoretical results. This work is valuable for understanding ionic influence on water dynamics in presence of macromolecular crowder and MRI contrast agent, for better description of the microscopic mechanism of MRI contrast generation and for reducing misinterpretation of MRI images in clinic and other applications.
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Fang, Li-wei, and 方立維. "Nuclear magnetic resonance investigation of the interactions between ions, water, macromolecular crowder and magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/63480202621778233246.

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碩士
國立中山大學
化學系研究所
103
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is one of the mostly useful non-invasive techniques in medical diagnosis, food science and materials research. The conventional theory of MRI contrast agents, assuming that they are located in a dilute, small molecular solution, gives good approximation in many situations but may fail in real biological systems because it is well-known that a typical organism is a highly crowded environment full of large and small molecules and ions. The performance of MRI contrast agent may be significantly altered by crowders and ions. In previous work, we have studied the influence of macromolecular crowders on relaxivity of MRI contrast agents. The present study offers the first study on the influence of ions on macromolecular crowding effect on MRI contrast agents by measuring the longitudinal relaxation rate (R1), transverse relaxation rate (R2) and chemical shift (CS) of water and ion as a function of the concentration of ions in the solution system comprising commercial MRI contrast agent Dotarem (the mostly used MRI contrast agent in medical diagnosis), polyethylene glycol (PEG) as crowder and KCl, NaCl, LiCl, MgCl2 CaCl2, KI as ion source (these ions are most common in organisms). Through LSNMR 200 MHz, 500 MHz, NMRD, SSNMR 500 MHz to explore different kinds of interactions between molecules and ions in the solution systems. From the results, it is found that the ion effect not only affects the dynamics of water molecules, but also the structures of the water-water, water-ion and water-PEG clusters. From the relaxation rates, we find that these ions affect the dynamics of the water molecule, especially Mg2+, Ca2+. The influence of both these two ions is higher than the rest. Through the measurement of chemical shift, we find that when the crowding agent is added in the ion solution, it increases the tendency of change of chemical shift. It is worth to note that the tendency of MgCl2 is opposite to other salt ions. Increasing nonlinearly with the concentration of MgCl2, water proton chemical shift and relaxation rates show that at least two or more factors affecting the changes in the systems. The results of 23Na NMR and NMRD provide us supplementary information on the dynamics and structure of clusters involving water molecules. These results demonstrate the significant effect of the ions under crowding environment on the relaxivity of MRI contrast agent and indicate that a molecular level understanding of the relaxation mechanism of MRI contrast agent in such system helps build the microscopic picture of MRI contrast generation and increases the accuracy of the MRI contrast determination of the image.
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Mondal, Somnath. "Structural and Dynamic Studies of Protein-Nanomaterial Interactions." Thesis, 2016. http://etd.iisc.ernet.in/handle/2005/2823.

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My thesis is divided into five chapters, starting with a general introduction in first chapter and sample preparation and protein-NMR assignment techniques in second chapter. The remaining three chapters focus on three different areas/projects that I have worked on. Chapter 1: Introduction to nanomaterials and all the experimental techniques This chapter reviews different kinds of nanomaterials and their application utilized for protein-nanomaterial interaction in our study, along with the introduction to different spectroscopy and microscopy techniques used for the interaction studies. Starting with introduction of nanomaterials and all the experimental techniques, which constitute the arsenal for structural studies of the protein-nanomaterial interaction, different steps enroute to structural and dynamic interaction are outlined in detail. Chapter 2: Preparation and Characterization of Proteins used for nanomaterial interaction studies Proteins are generally of three kinds- globular (structured), intrinsically disordered and membrane bound. These proteins have different functions in living organisms and play a major role to maintain metabolism and other important factors. To probe protein-nanomaterial interactions, we have chosen different protein/peptides. This chapter describes the protocol/procedure used for purifying the proteins. For studying a globular protein, ubiquitin was chosen. Nanomaterial-IDP interaction was investigated using the intrinsically disordered central linker domain of human insulin like growth factor binding protein-2 (L-hIGFBP2). The hydrophobic membrane interacting part of the prion protein was chosen as a representative membrane protein. The characterization of the proteins by NMR spectroscopy is also described. Chapter 3: A nanomaterial based novel macromolecular crowding agent Carbon quantum dots (CQD) are nanomaterials with size less than 10 nm, first obtained in 2004 during purification of single-walled carbon-nanotubes. Since then CQDs have been used in a wide range of applications due to their low cost of preparation and favorable properties such as chemical inertness, biocompatibility, non-toxicity and solubility in aqueous medium. One of the applications of CQDs has been their use for imaging and tracking proteins inside cells, based on their intrinsic fluorescence. Further, quantum dots exhibit concentration dependent aggregation while retaining their solubility. Fluorescent carbon quantum dots (CQD) induce macromolecular crowding making them suitable for probing the structure, function and dynamics of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic peptides/ proteins under near in-cell conditions. We have prepared hydrophilic and hydrophobic quantum dots to see the crowding effect. After characterization of CQD, we tested the property of proteins with CQD and found that CQD behaves as a macromolecular crowding agent by mimicking near in-cell conditions. In our study, we have chosen a globular protein, an intrinsically disordered protein (IDP) and one hydrophobic membrane peptide. We have also compared the crowding property of CQD with ficoll which is widely used commercial crowding agent. The overall study tells that the CQD acts like crowding agent and can be used for the study of macromolecular crowding effect. This makes them suitable for structural and functional studies of proteins in near in-cell conditions. Chapter 4: Ubiquitin-Graphene oxide interactions Described here is the interaction of human ubiquitin with GO using NMR spectroscopy and other techniques such as Fluorescence spectroscopy, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), UV-Visible spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential measurements and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The globular protein ubiquitin interacts with GO and undergoes a dynamic and reversible association-dissociation in a fast exchange regimen as revealed by NMR spectroscopy. The conformation of the protein is not affected and the primary interaction is seen to be electrostatic in nature due to the polar functional groups present on the protein and GO sheet surface. For the first time we have shown that the interaction between ubiquitin and GO is dynamic in nature with fast and reversible adsorption/desorption of protein from the surface of GO. This insight will help in understanding the mechanistic aspects of interaction of GO with cellular proteins and will help in designing appropriate functionalized graphene oxide for its biological application. Chapter 5: Section A: Interaction of an intrinsically disordered protein (L-HIGFBP2) with graphene oxide The interaction between intrinsically disordered linker domain of human insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 (L-hIGFBP2) with GO was studied using NMR spectroscopy and other techniques such as isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta-potential measurements. The study revealed that the disordered protein L-hIGFBP2 interacts with GO through electrostatic interaction and undergoes a dynamic and reversible association-dissociation in a fast exchange regime. The conformation of the protein is not affected. Section B: Stability of an Intrinsically disordered protein through weak interaction with Silver nanoparticles Using NMR spectroscopy and other techniques we probed the mechanism of L-hIGFBP2–AgNP interactions which render the IDP stable. The study reveals a mechanism which involves a relatively fast and reversible association–dissociation of L-hIGFBP2 (dynamic exchange) from the surface of AgNP. The AgNP–L-hIGFBP2 complex remains stable for more than a month. The techniques employed in addition to NMR include UV-Visible spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential measurements and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to probe the protein-AgNP interaction here in this section.
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Books on the topic "Crowbar"

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illustrator, Minor Wendell, ed. Crowbar, the smartest bird in the world. Harper, an imprint of HarperCollins Publishers, 2018.

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Brooks, Mary Carroll. The secret of the key and crowbar: A story of the Civil War. T. Anthony Quinn, 2005.

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James, Larry A. From Camp Crowder to Crowder College. Newton County Historical Society, 2006.

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Crowner royal. Simon & Schuster, 2009.

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Crowner royal. W F Howes, 2009.

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Jane, McLoughlin. The Crowham Martyrs. Catnip Books, 2015.

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Gross, Sarah, and Sarah Richmond. Dulcie Crowder gets her man. Avalon Books, 2011.

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D'Lacey, Joseph. The book of the Crowman. Angry Robot, 2014.

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Ridgewell, Alf. History of Crowan Parish Church. Printed by A. and J. Mitchell, 1990.

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Crowder, Norman Kenneth. John and Margaret (Jaycocks) Crowder, their descendants. N.K. Crowder, 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "Crowbar"

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Azimova, Shakhnoza S., and Anna I. Glushenkova. "Eriostemon crowei F. Müll. (Crowea salinga Andr.)." In Lipids, Lipophilic Components and Essential Oils from Plant Sources. Springer London, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-323-7_2683.

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Liu, Huaxi, Ning Wang, and Xiangran Ren. "CrowdSR: A Crowd Enabled System for Semantic Recovering of Web Tables." In Web-Age Information Management. Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21042-1_67.

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Li, Liangcheng, Jiajun Bu, Can Wang, et al. "CrowdAE: A Crowdsourcing System with Human Inspection Quality Enhancement for Web Accessibility Evaluation." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94277-3_5.

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Jahnsen, Synnøve. "Condoms as evidence, condoms as a crowbar." In Policing the Sex Industry. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315196893-9.

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Okedu, Kenneth. "Stability Enhancement using a DC-Chopper, Crowbar, and FACTS Device." In Enhanced Power Grid Stability Using Doubly-Fed Induction Generators. AIP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/9780735422292_003.

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CHRISTODOULOPOULOS, C., D. CROSS, E. BERTOLINI, R. CLAESEN, H. HRABAL, and W. WEIGAND. "DESIGN OF THE PROTECTION CROWBAR FOR THE LHCD KLYSTRONS IN JET." In Fusion Technology 1988. Elsevier, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-87369-9.50041-x.

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Jiang, Huilan, Zhe Jiang, Xing An, and Jingpeng Wang. "Adaptive low-voltage ride-through of DFIG based on crowbar with PDR and unloading protection circuit." In Electrical, Control Engineering and Computer Science. CRC Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b19362-7.

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Lohne, Kjersti. "Sovereignty and Solidarity." In Advocates of Humanity: Human Rights NGOs in International Criminal Justice. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198818748.003.0007.

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Abstract:
As apt for analysis that positions penality at the centre of social organization, the final analytic chapter cultivates a Durkheimian approach to global justice-making, and argues that international criminal justice reinforces a social imaginary of cosmopolitan solidarity embodied in the notion of humanity. Durkheim’s emphasis on how solidarity in modern society is based around a notion of individualism, and of law and punishment as modes of social integration, make his insights particularly equipped for sociological analysis of the global as a site of crime, justice, and solidarity; in short, to the integrative functions of international criminal justice for the making of global moral order. However, rather than something ‘given’, the moral order embodied by ‘humanity’ reflects a dominant moral order, and one that is actively constituted. The chapter thus demonstrates how agents of international criminal justice argue their cases and punish in the name of humanity. Using the Rome Statute as a ‘crowbar’ for penal aid and rule of law promotion in the global South, international criminal justice is intertwined with rule of law promotion and penal aid in contexts of ‘failed’ justice, where cosmopolitan values are supposed to spread through the notion of ‘positive complementarity’. Global justice-making through international criminal justice is thus a multiscalar project, and one which, albeit solidarist, is coercively and deliberatively implemented. In this manner, a sociology of punishment for international criminal justice reveals some of the ways in which moral, personal, and social order is constituted globally.
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Rumbach, Andrew. "From Crowbars to Consultants:." In Rebuilding Community after Katrina. Temple University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvrdf2w6.9.

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GARAY, R. JOYCE Z. L. "Crowbars, Peaches, and Sweat:." In Rebozos de Palabras. University of Arizona Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1fcf818.13.

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Conference papers on the topic "Crowbar"

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Jayanthi, P., and D. Devaraj. "Performance Study of DFIG Based Grid Connected WECS using Crowbar and Without Crowbar." In 2019 IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Techniques in Control, Optimization and Signal Processing (INCOS). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/incos45849.2019.8951426.

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Novac, B. M. "Long-action very low resistance crowbar." In IEE Symposium Pulsed Power 2001. IEE, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic:20010149.

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Lafferte, Dario, Milena Dias, and Peter Zacharias. "Novel crowbar system in doubly fed induction generators." In 2015 IEEE Eindhoven PowerTech. IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ptc.2015.7232626.

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Rshad, Ahmed M. M., Salah Kamel, and Ahmed H. A. Elkasem. "Enhancement of combined wind farm performance using crowbar." In 2018 International Conference on Innovative Trends in Computer Engineering (ITCE). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itce.2018.8316639.

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Uphues, Andreas, Kilian Notzold, Ralf Wegener, and Stefan Soter. "DFIG's virtual resistance demagnetization for crowbar less LVRT." In 2017 IEEE 12th International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems (PEDS). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/peds.2017.8289122.

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Cliffe, R. J. "Inexpensive single-shot crowbar for high-power applications." In IEE Symposium Pulsed Power 2001. IEE, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic:20010147.

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Pawar, Pradnya, and A. B. Patil. "Use of diode as a crowbar for electromagnetic launcher." In 2016 International Conference on Automatic Control and Dynamic Optimization Techniques (ICACDOT). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icacdot.2016.7877648.

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Tooker, J. F., P. Huynh, and R. W. Street. "Solid-state high-voltage crowbar utilizing series-connected thyristors." In 2009 IEEE Pulsed Power Conference (PPC). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ppc.2009.5386396.

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Cai, Li, Jianguo Wang, Mi Zhou, and Jian Xue. "10/350μs Crowbar impulse current test system." In 2011 7th Asia-Pacific International Conference on Lightning (APL). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/apl.2011.6110159.

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Li, Jinxin, Qi Qiu, and Meng Zhan. "An Improved Crowbar Control Circuit of DFIG during LVRT." In 2021 IEEE 4th International Electrical and Energy Conference (CIEEC). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cieec50170.2021.9510598.

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Reports on the topic "Crowbar"

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Frey, W. HEAVY ION POWER AMPLIFIER CROWBAR. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1151172.

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Boyt, Art, Dan Eberle, Pam Hudson, and Russ Hopper. Final Scientific Technical Report Crowder College MARET Center. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1184785.

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Rand, Amy. Crowder College MARET Center Facility Final Scientific/Technical Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1090569.

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Miller, S. F., M. D. Thompson, J. M. Cooper, and W. Mandell. Geophysical investigations at the engine test area of Camp Crowder, Missouri. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/781269.

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Hopper, Russ, Terry Clarkson, Kevin Newby, and Kathy Collier. Final Technical Report Crowder College-Drury University Solar Powered Living Module for Disaster Resistence and Recovery. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1338210.

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