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Journal articles on the topic 'CROWD KINETIC ENERGY'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 11 September 2023

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1

Gao, Yan-An, Qing-Shan Yang, and Yun Dong. "A Three-Dimensional Pedestrian–Structure Interaction Model for General Applications." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 18, no. 09 (2018): 1850107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455418501079.

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A three-dimensional (3D) pedestrian–structure interaction (PSI) system based on the biomechanical bipedal model is presented for general applications. The pedestrian is modeled by a bipedal mobile system with one lump mass and two compliant legs, which comprise damping and spring elements. The continuous gaits of the pedestrian are maintained by a self-driven walking kinetic energy, which is a new driven mechanism for the mobile unit. This self-driven mechanism enables the pedestrian to operate at a varying total energy level, as an important component for further modeling of the crowd-structu

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2

Toso, Marcelo André, and Herbert Martins Gomes. "Biodynamic Synchronized Coupled Model for Crowd-Footbridge Interaction." European Journal of Engineering and Formal Sciences 4, no. 1 (2020): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejef.v4i1.p64-74.

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Nowadays there are growing interests in vibration serviceability assessments of composite footbridges. The new design trends of composite footbridges make them slender civil structures that may be affected by the load action of walking pedestrians resulting in large deflections or even uncomfortable vibrations. Furthermore, the presence of people on the footbridges causes the addition of mass to the structural system and due to the human body’s ability to absorb vibrational energy, an increase in structural damping. In this paper, the interaction between pedestrian and structure is modelled us

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Touber, Emile, and Nicolas Alferez. "Shock-induced energy conversion of entropy in non-ideal fluids." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 864 (February 11, 2019): 807–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2019.25.

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From shaping cosmic structures in space to producing intense sounds in aircraft engines, shock waves in fluids ineluctably convert entropy fluctuations into swirling motions and sound waves. Studies of the corresponding conversion from internal energy to kinetic energy have so far been restricted to ideal (or idealised) fluids. Yet, many substances do not obey the ideal-gas law (including those in the above two examples). The present work demonstrates that non-ideal thermodynamic properties provide a remarkable degree of control over the conversion to solenoidal and dilatational kinetic energi

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Prasanth, Bathala, Rinika Paul, Deepa Kaliyaperumal, et al. "Maximizing Regenerative Braking Energy Harnessing in Electric Vehicles Using Machine Learning Techniques." Electronics 12, no. 5 (2023): 1119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12051119.

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Innovations in electric vehicle technology have led to a need for maximum energy storage in the energy source to provide some extra kilometers. The size of electric vehicles limits the size of the batteries, thus limiting the amount of energy that can be stored. Range anxiety amongst the crowd prevents the entire population from shifting to a completely electric mode of transport. The extra energy harnessed from the kinetic energy produced due to braking during deceleration is sent back to the batteries to charge them, a process known as regenerative braking, providing a longer range to the ve

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Palomba, Ilaria, Alberto Doria, Edoardo Marconi, Matteo Bottin, and Giulio Rosati. "Vibration Energy Harvesting from Raindrops Impacts: Experimental Tests and Interpretative Models." Applied Sciences 12, no. 7 (2022): 3249. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12073249.

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The kinetic energy of raindrops is a large and renewable source of energy that nowadays can be exploited by means of piezoelectric harvesters. This study focuses on a new cantilever harvester that uses the impact of a drop on a liquid surface created on the harvester in order to improve the conversion from kinetic energy to electric energy. Experimental tests, carried out both outdoors and indoors, were performed to assess the validity of the proposed design. The voltage obtained with the impact on the liquid surface was about four times larger than the one obtained with the impact on a dry su

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Gabor, Andreea, Corneliu Mircea Davidescu, Adina Negrea, Mihaela Ciopec, and Lavinia Lupa. "Behaviour of Silica and Florisil as Solid Supports in the Removal Process of As(V) from Aqueous Solutions." Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/562780.

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In this study two solid supports, silica and florisil, were impregnated with crown ether (dibenzo-18-crown-6) and Fe(III) ions and their efficiency was compared in the adsorption process of As(V) from aqueous solutions. The solid supports were impregnated with crown ether due to their ability to build complexes with positives ions. Fe(III) was used because of As(V) affinity for it. The impregnated solid supports were characterized by energy dispersive X-ray analysis, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and the specific surface area. The influence of the solid

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Zhou, Jun Wei, and Da Zheng Wang. "Parametric Study of Crowned Blade in Horizontal Axial Turbine." Advanced Materials Research 732-733 (August 2013): 443–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.732-733.443.

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The horizontal axial turbine could extract kinetic energy from both wind and tidal stream. In this paper, a type of horizontal axial turbine was designed with a crown stalled on the blade tip and the turbine was analyzed in a tidal stream. Several turbines with different geometries of the crowns were compared, whose power coefficients were numerically simulated by the CFD method. Effects of the crown design parameters, such as crown setting directions and different widths on turbine efficiency were discussed. Furthermore, when the turbine worked at different tip speed ratio, the results were d

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Nanko, Kazuki. "Relationship between Throughfall Kinetic Energy and Tree Height, Crown Bottom Height, and Crown Length for Japanese Cypress Plantation." Journal of the Japanese Forest Society 95, no. 4 (2013): 234–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4005/jjfs.95.234.

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9

Cao, Yan, Jingxin Wang, and Chunling Zhu. "Numerical Simulation of Microscale Oblique Droplet Impact on Liquid Film." Aerospace 10, no. 2 (2023): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace10020119.

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The oblique impact of microscale water droplets on liquid film is numerically investigated. Two-phase flow problems are simulated using three-dimensional incompressible Navier-Stokes equations, and the level-set method is employed for capturing the gas-liquid interface. The numerical model is verified using experimental results from a normal and oblique impact via the qualitative comparison of crown profile features and quantitative contrast of the crown height and radius varying with time. The article discusses the influence of tangential impact velocity, water film thickness, Reynolds number

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10

Nishimura, Norio, Tohru Tanaka, and Takushi Motoyama. "Additivity of the partial molar volumes of organic compounds." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 65, no. 9 (1987): 2248–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v87-375.

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A critical test of additivity for partial molar volume has been made at 25 °C in CCl4 with polyethylene glycol dimethyl ethers, crown ethers, cycloalkanes, n-alkanes, and others. Plots of partial molar volume at infinite dilution [Formula: see text] against the properly chosen number of repeating unit (n) are linear except for small cyclic molecules, and the slopes of homologous straight chain and ring compounds are the same. The values of [Formula: see text] extrapolated to n = 0 for cycloalkanes and crown ethers support the validity of the contribution due to the translational kinetic energy

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11

Li, Shi Bin, Ya Ling Qiu, Ping Yu, Hui Luo, and Wei Zhang. "Study on Energy-Saving Crown Block Anti-Collision of Oil Drilling Rig." Advanced Materials Research 361-363 (October 2011): 941–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.361-363.941.

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In view of present security problems existing from traveling block’s speed by manual control, a kind of energy-saving automatic anti-collision scheme is put forward. An analysis of the transmission system structure of ZJ70L-ZPD oil drilling rig can obtain the influence that the alteration of diesel engine speed results in the alteration of speed of traveling block rising or falling. Fuzzy control system is established by fuzzy control strategy that concludes input quantity rotation speed deviation and deviation ratio and output quantity throttle aperture, which creates fuzzy control data sheet

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Ciopec, Mihaela, Oana Grad, Adina Negrea, et al. "Highly Efficient Recovery of Ruthenium from Aqueous Solutions by Adsorption Using Dibenzo-30-Crown-10 Doped Chitosan." Polymers 14, no. 8 (2022): 1551. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14081551.

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Ruthenium, as an industrial by-product or from natural sources, represents an important economical resource due to its specific applications. A complex problem is represented by ruthenium separation during reprocessing operations, therefore, different materials and methods have been proposed. The present study aims to develop a new material with good adsorbent properties able to be used for ruthenium recovery by adsorption from aqueous solutions. Absorbent material was obtained using chitosan (Ch) surface modification with dibenzo-30-crown-10 ether (DB30C10). Chitosan represents a well-known b

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Fyles, Thomas M., and Steven P. Hansen. "Equilibrium and kinetic studies of a chemical model of active transport: Membrane transport of potassium salts by cryptand carriers driven by potassium ion complexation." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 66, no. 6 (1988): 1445–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v88-233.

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A theoretical framework of energy transduction in membranes was used as a point of departure for the design of a simple chemical model of primary active transport (reaction pumping). In the model, cryptand carriers transport potassium salts across a bulk liquid membrane, driven by the complexation of potassium by a dicarboxylate crown ether in one aqueous phase. Both the equilibrium position and kinetic behavior of the model system could be predicted from the theoretical framework. Experimental verification of the predictions confirms the fitness of the theoretical framework and provides a des

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Ciopec, Mihaela, Oana Grad, Adina Negrea, et al. "A New Perspective on Adsorbent Materials Based Impregnated MgSiO3 with Crown Ethers for Palladium Recovery." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 19 (2021): 10718. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms221910718.

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The study of new useful, efficient and selective structures for the palladium ions’ recovery has led to the development of a new series of macromolecules. Thus, this study presents a comparative behavior of two crown benzene ethers that modify the magnesium silicate surface used as adsorbent for palladium. These crown ethers are dibenzo18-crown-6 (DB18C6) and dibenzo 30-crown-10 (DB30C10). The obtained materials were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The specific surface area (BET

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15

Negrea, Adina, Adriana Popa, Mihaela Ciopec, et al. "Phosphonium grafted styrene–divinylbenzene resins impregnated with iron(III) and crown ethers for arsenic removal." Pure and Applied Chemistry 86, no. 11 (2014): 1729–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pac-2014-0806.

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Abstract In the present work a polymer with phosphonium pendant groups impregnated with crown ether (dibenzo-18-crown-6) and loaded with iron ions was investigated for arsenic removal through adsorption from aqueous solutions. The impregnated polymer was loaded with iron ions due to the high affinity of arsenic to it. The characterization of the surface modification of the obtained new adsorbent material was performed on the basis of energy dispersive X-ray analysis; scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The arsenic adsorption was investigated, including eff

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Grad, Oana Alexandra, Mihaela Ciopec, Adina Negrea, Narcis Duteanu, Petru Negrea, and Raluca Vodă. "Evaluation of Performance of Functionalized Amberlite XAD7 with Dibenzo-18-Crown Ether-6 for Palladium Recovery." Materials 14, no. 4 (2021): 1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14041003.

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Due to the increased demand for palladium, as well due to its reduced availability in nature, its recovery from diluted waste solutions becomes a necessity, and perhaps an emergency. As a result of economic and technological development, new materials with improved adsorbent properties that are more efficient for metallic ions’ recovery were synthesized and introduced to market. The goal of this study was to obtain a new adsorbent material by functionalizing through impregnation a commercial polymeric support that was both inexpensive and environmentally friendly (Amberlite XAD7) with crown et

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17

Goebes, Philipp, Karsten Schmidt, Werner Härdtle, et al. "Rule-based analysis of throughfall kinetic energy to evaluate biotic and abiotic factor thresholds to mitigate erosive power." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 40, no. 3 (2016): 431–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309133315624642.

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Below vegetation, throughfall kinetic energy (TKE) is an important factor to express the potential of rainfall to detach soil particles and thus for predicting soil erosion rates. TKE is affected by many biotic (e.g. tree height, leaf area index) and abiotic (e.g. throughfall amount) factors because of changes in rain drop size and velocity. However, studies modelling TKE with a high number of those factors are lacking. This study presents a new approach to model TKE. We used 20 biotic and abiotic factors to evaluate thresholds of those factors that can mitigate TKE and thus decrease soil eros

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18

Ciopec, Mihaela, Corneliu Mircea Davidescu, Adina Negrea, et al. "Amberlite XAD7 resin functionalized with crown ether and Fe(III) used for arsenic removal from water." Pure and Applied Chemistry 91, no. 3 (2019): 375–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0607.

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Abstract Water represents an essential resource for life and for all natural processes. Our existence and our economic activities are totally dependent on this precious resource. It is well known that into the developing countries the main resource of drinkable water is represented by underground waters, so their contamination with arsenic represents a real problem that needs to be solved. To solve the problem of arsenic water pollution, it was necessary to develop a series of chemical, physicochemical and biological methods to reduce arsenic concentrations from water. From all these methods,

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19

García-Carrillo, Cristina, José Parga-Torres, Héctor Moreno-Casillas, and Francisco S. Sellschopp-Sanchez. "Kinetics and Energy Consumption for a Three-Stage Electrocoagulation Process for the Recovery of Au and Ag from Cyanide Leachates." Metals 9, no. 7 (2019): 758. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9070758.

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The most common processes used for the recovery of gold and silver from cyanide leachates are Merril-Crowe, activated carbon in pulp, and ion exchange resins; the process of electrocoagulation (EC) also is a promising new technique. EC is an electrochemical process whose mechanisms include oxidation, reduction, decomposition, deposition, coagulation, absorption, flotation, and precipitation. It has been used for the treatment of water and wastewater with different degrees of success. This study aimed to determine the kinetics of the reaction and the energy consumption at constant voltage, and

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20

Chan, Woei Leong, Yongdong Cui, Siddharth Sunil Jadhav, et al. "Experimental study of wind load on tree using scaled fractal tree model." International Journal of Modern Physics B 34, no. 14n16 (2020): 2040087. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979220400871.

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Green urbanism has stimulated more research on the aerodynamics of tree in recent years. The insight gained in studying wind load on trees would mitigate risk of tree falling and enable sustainable landscape planning. However, deciphering the effect of wind on trees is a daunting task because trees come in various species, shapes and sizes. In this study, we aim at conducting wind tunnel tests on various species of trees, including measuring the respective drag coefficient and turbulent flow field using a force balance and particle image velocimetry system. The wind tunnel experiment is conduc

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21

Testik, F. Y., A. P. Barros, and L. F. Bliven. "Toward a Physical Characterization of Raindrop Collision Outcome Regimes." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 68, no. 5 (2011): 1097–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010jas3706.1.

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Abstract A comprehensive raindrop collision outcome regime diagram that delineates the physical conditions associated with the outcome regimes (i.e., bounce, coalescence, and different breakup types) of binary raindrop collisions is proposed. The proposed diagram builds on a theoretical regime diagram defined in the phase space of collision Weber numbers We and the drop diameter ratio p by including critical angle of impact considerations. In this study, the theoretical regime diagram is first evaluated against a comprehensive dataset for drop collision experiments representative of raindrop c

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22

Kuo, Ting-Yang, Wei-Hsiang Tseng, and Chun-hsien Chen. "Force Spectroscopy of Metal-Crown Ether Multivalency: Effect of Local Environments on Energy Landscape and Sensing Kinetics." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 54, no. 32 (2015): 9213–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.201503948.

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Kuo, Ting-Yang, Wei-Hsiang Tseng, and Chun-hsien Chen. "Force Spectroscopy of Metal-Crown Ether Multivalency: Effect of Local Environments on Energy Landscape and Sensing Kinetics." Angewandte Chemie 127, no. 32 (2015): 9345–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.201503948.

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24

Sica, R. J., and P. S. Argall. "Seasonal and nightly variations of gravity-wave energy density in the middle atmosphere measured by the Purple Crow Lidar." Annales Geophysicae 25, no. 10 (2007): 2139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-25-2139-2007.

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Abstract. The Purple Crow Lidar (PCL) is a large power-aperture product monostatic Rayleigh-Raman-Sodium-resonance-fluorescence lidar, which has been in operation at the Delaware Observatory (42.9° N, 81.4° W, 237 m elevation) near the campus of The University of Western Ontario since 1992. Kinetic-energy density has been calculated from the Rayleigh-scatter system measurements of density fluctuations at temporal-spatial scales relevant for gravity waves, e.g. soundings at 288 m height resolution and 9 min temporal resolution in the upper stratosphere and mesosphere. The seasonal averages from

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25

Maison, Alice, Cédric Flageul, Bertrand Carissimo, Yunyi Wang, Andrée Tuzet, and Karine Sartelet. "Parameterizing the aerodynamic effect of trees in street canyons for the street network model MUNICH using the CFD model Code_Saturne." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 22, no. 14 (2022): 9369–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9369-2022.

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Abstract. Trees provide many ecosystem services in cities such as urban heat island reduction, water runoff limitation, and carbon storage. However, the presence of trees in street canyons reduces the wind velocity in the street and limits pollutant dispersion. Thus, to obtain accurate simulations of pollutant concentrations, the aerodynamic effect of trees should be taken into account in air quality models at the street level. The Model of Urban Network of Intersecting Canyons and Highways (MUNICH) simulates the pollutant concentrations in a street network, considering dispersion and physico-

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Balakrishnan, Vimal K., Julian M. Dust, Gary W. vanLoon, and Erwin Buncel. "Catalytic pathways in the ethanolysis of fenitrothion, an organophosphorothioate pesticide. A dichotomy in the behaviour of crown/cryptand cation complexing agents." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 79, no. 2 (2001): 157–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v01-006.

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The rates of displacement of 3-methyl-4-nitrophenoxide ion from the pesticide, fenitrothion, by alkali metal ethoxides in anhydrous ethanol were followed spectrophotometrically. Through product analysis experiments, which included 31P NMR and GC-MS, as well as spectrophotometric analysis, three reaction pathways were identified: nucleophilic attack at the phosphorus centre, attack at the aliphatic carbon, and a minor SNAr route ([Formula: see text]7%). Furthermore, a consecutive process was found to occur on the product of attack at the phosphorus centre. For purposes of kinetic treatment, the

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Yakush, S. E., N. S. Sivakov, V. I. Melikhov, and O. I. Melikhov. "Modelling of water jet impact on molten metal." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2119, no. 1 (2021): 012073. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2119/1/012073.

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Abstract Splashes of high-temperature melt spreading over a water pool bottom can be a reason for the formation of a zone where melt, water and steam are mixed, providing conditions for powerful steam explosions. The paper considers the formation of melt splashes arising from the impact of a water jet on the surface of the melt. Numerical simulations are performed in 3D formulation, using the VOF method and an improved phase change model. The evolution of melt surface following the water jet impact is demonstrated, including the formation of a cavern, a primary melt splash known as the crown,

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Kralj, Bogdan, Oleg S. Timofeev, Dušan Žigon, Tatjana I. Kirichenko, and JožE Marsel. "A study of protonated molecules of crown ethers containing two thiourea segments by collision-induced dissociation mass analysed ion kinetic energy spectrometry." Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 9, no. 2 (1995): 160–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290090211.

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Sagane, Fumihiro, Masaki Matsui, and Kiyoshi Kanamura. "The Effect of the Solvation Ability Towards Mg²⁺-ion on the Kinetic Behavior of Mg₃Bi₂ Electrode." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 169, no. 3 (2022): 030517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ac593a.

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Intermetallic compounds are expected to be used as the negative electrode for Mg-ion batteries, due to their relatively large capacity and the excellent electrochemical performance in the non-ethereal solutions. In the present study, the reaction mechanism of Mg3Bi2 is focused. By comparing the reactivity towards the same electrode sheet in various electrolyte solutions, it is found that the effect of MgF2 based surface film, which is formed by the decomposition of Mg(N(CF3SO2)2)2 (Mg(TFSA)2), is not large necessarily. The reactivity in Mg(TFSA)2+crown ether/acetonitrile solution fairly varies

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Marston, J. O., E. Q. Li, and S. T. Thoroddsen. "Evolution of fluid-like granular ejecta generated by sphere impact." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 704 (May 1, 2012): 5–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2012.141.

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AbstractWe present results from an experimental study of the speed and shape of the ejecta formed when a solid sphere impacts onto a granular bed. We use high-speed imaging at frame rates up to 100 000 f.p.s. to provide direct measurement of individual grain velocities and ejecta angles as well as the overall evolution of the granular ejecta. For larger grain sizes, the emergence velocities of the grains during the ‘early stage flow’, i.e. before the main ejecta ‘curtain’ forms, increase with the kinetic energy of the impacting sphere but are inversely proportional to the time from impact. We

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Li, Cuiwei, and Liang Qiao. "Rapid Prediction Algorithm for Economic Development Trend of Tourism Using Markov Chain." Mobile Information Systems 2022 (June 21, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8726206.

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The environment for tourist development will be increased further if the people-centered development concept is fully implemented, and people’s desire for a colorful tourism life will be boosted. This includes the new kinetic energy of digitalization and networking, which has contributed more and more to economic development. The people-centered development concept also includes the sudden new crown pneumonia outbreak that has had a major influence on the tourism sector; the tourism industry’s robust expansion will not change as a result. There is a reason to assume that tourism will become a

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Tsegaw, Assefa Asmare, and Fang Jung Shiou. "Development of a Self-Propelled Multi-Jet Polishing Tool for Ultra Precision Polishing." Advanced Materials Research 939 (May 2014): 481–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.939.481.

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As the needs of optical glasses are on the rise, the precision on shape, form, surface qualities and the scaling down of sizes are rising, too. The standards and surface finish of reference mirrors used in measuring appliances are crucial; hence, enhancement of the surface finish is indispensable in manufacturing industries. This paper proposes a self-propelled multi jet polishing technique for ultra precision polishing process in which bladelessTesla turbinewas used as a prime mover. The turbine is characterized by high swirling velocity at the outlet; therefore, high kinetic energy in the co

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Nagasubramanian, G., and S. Di Stefano. "12‐Crown‐4 Ether‐Assisted Enhancement of Ionic Conductivity and Interfacial Kinetics in Polyethylene Oxide Electrolytes." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 137, no. 12 (1990): 3830–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.2086309.

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Xie, Zexing, Meiying Xie, Tingting Tang, Fan Yang, Liyan Xue та Zhengming Jiang. "β-Diketone-Driven Deep Eutectic Solvent for Ultra-Efficient Natural Stable Lithium-7 Isotope Separation". Separations 10, № 2 (2023): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/separations10020111.

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6Li and 7Li are strategic resources. Because Li+ ions have no outermost electrons and the radii of 6Li and 7Li differ by only one neutron, the separation of the naturally stable isotopes of Li, especially by solvent extraction, is recognized as a difficult problem worldwide. Therefore, in this paper, an advanced β-diketone-driven deep eutectic solvent (DES) extraction system containing 2-thenoyltrifluoroacetone (HTTA) and tri-n-octyl phosphine oxide (TOPO) is introduced to the extraction and separation of 6Li+ and 7Li+ ions. Compared with those of reported HTTA extraction systems and crown eth

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Clark, Kenneth L., Warren E. Heilman, Nicholas S. Skowronski, et al. "Fire Behavior, Fuel Consumption, and Turbulence and Energy Exchange during Prescribed Fires in Pitch Pine Forests." Atmosphere 11, no. 3 (2020): 242. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11030242.

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Prescribed fires are conducted extensively in pine-dominated forests throughout the Eastern USA to reduce the risk of wildfires and maintain fire-adapted ecosystems. We asked how fire behavior and fuel consumption during prescribed fires are associated with turbulence and energy fluxes, which affect the dispersion of smoke and transport of firebrands, potentially impacting local communities and transportation corridors. We estimated fuel consumption and measured above-canopy turbulence and energy fluxes using eddy covariance during eight prescribed fires ranging in behavior from low-intensity

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Wang, Tianbo, Lanchun Zhang, Li Li, Jiahui Wu, and Hongchen Wang. "Numerical Comparative Study on the In-Cylinder Mixing Performance of Port Fuel Injection and Direct Injection Gas-Fueled Engine." Energies 15, no. 14 (2022): 5223. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15145223.

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In recent decades, research on alternative fuel engines is becoming more and more popular. Compressed natural gas (CNG) has the advantages of abundant reserves and a lower cost. It can reduce vehicle emissions relatively quickly and has little impact on the entire transportation infrastructure. As the fourth generation of a gas fuel supply method, gas fuel direct injection (DI) technology can effectively avoid volumetric efficiency reduction and power reduction problems of the port fuel injection (PFI) method. However, the former’s mixing path and duration are shortened greatly, which often le

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Brière, Kathleen M., and Christian Detellier. "Solvent effects in the metal interchange of crown ether – alkali metal cation complexes. Transition from an associative exchange in nitromethane to a dissociative exchange in acetonitrile studied by 23Na nuclear magnetic resonance." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 70, no. 10 (1992): 2536–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v92-321.

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The role of the solvent in the dissociation kinetics and cation exchange mechanisms of the complex sodium–monobenzo-15-crown-5 (Na: B15C5)+ was examined by 23Na NMR. In nitromethane (NM), the cationic exchange between the complexes takes place via an associative metal interchange mechanism, 1M. In acetonitrile (AN), it takes place via a dissociative (dissociation/recombination) mechanism. In AN–NM binary mixtures, the rate constant of the dissociative exchange (k−1) increases with the AN molar fraction, XAN, from 1.1 × 10−2 s−1 for XAN = 0 to 89 × 10−2 s−1 for XAN = 0.400 (corresponding to a d

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Y., Gerasymchuk,, Adamenko, O., Lavrishchev, A., and Novoselytskiy, Y. "Determination parameters of the precipitating electrode of the electrotechnical means for cleaning air of livestock buildings from harmful gases and bacterial contamination." Mehanization and electrification of agricultural, no. 9(108) (2019): 141–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.37204/0131-2189-2019-9-17.

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Purpose. Get dependence to determine the mass of the chemical adsorbent which is contained on the rotating precipitating electrode of the electrotechnical means, taking into account the kinetics of the process of air purification of livestock buildings from harmful gases and bacterial contamination with the complex use of electrophysical and chemical methods of decontamination and air purification. Methods. Analysis of the influence of chemical adsorbent and crown discharge field on the efficiency of air purification of livestock buildings from harmful gases and bacterial contamination. Experi

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Cheng, Shyuan, Mahmoud Elgendi, Fanghan Lu, and Leonardo P. Chamorro. "On the Wind Turbine Wake and Forest Terrain Interaction." Energies 14, no. 21 (2021): 7204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14217204.

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Future wind power developments may be located in complex topographic and harsh environments; forests are one type of complex terrain that offers untapped potential for wind energy. A detailed analysis of the unsteady interaction between wind turbines and the distinct boundary layers from those terrains is necessary to ensure optimized design, operation, and life span of wind turbines and wind farms. Here, laboratory experiments were carried to explore the interaction between the wake of a horizontal-axis model wind turbine and the boundary layer flow over forest-like canopies and the modulatio

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Zhang, A., Y. Z. Wei, M. Kumagai, and T. Koyama. "Kinetics of the adsorption of strontium(II) by a novel silica-based 4,4',(5')-di(tert-butylcyclohexano)-18-crown-6 extraction resin in nitric acid medium." Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 262, no. 3 (2004): 739–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10967-004-0502-y.

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Zhang, A., Y. Z. Wei, M. Kumagai, and T. Koyama. "Kinetics of the adsorption of strontium(II) by a novel silica-based 4,4?,(5?)-di(tert-butylcyclohexano)-18-crown-6 extraction resin in nitric acid medium." Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 262, no. 3 (2005): 739–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10967-005-0502-6.

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Zamani Asl, Mohammad Mehdi, and Zahra Dastyar. "Droplet Impingement into a Liquid Film; Numerical Study of Surface Tension Effect on the Crown Formation." European Journal of Computational Mechanics, January 22, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.13052/ejcm2642-2085.304610.

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An axisymmetric numerical model is conducted to study the droplet impingement into a liquid film and crown formation. Through numerical modeling and experimental validation, the effect of different parameters such as surface tension, Weber number, and film thickness on crown evolution is investigated. Surfactant is added to water, aiming reduction of the surface tension in the surfactant-water mix. It was shown that the crown rim diameter increases with Weber in both water and surfactant-water mixture cases. Likewise, crown rim diameter increases with the film thickness in both different cases

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Zan Tong, Yinli Yang, Jing Xu, Wei Liu, and Liang Chen. "Helium separation performance of crown ether-graphane membranes: a theoretical study." Acta Physica Sinica, 2023, 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.72.20222183.

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Helium (He) is widely used in many scientific and industrial fields, and 9 the shortage of He resources and the growing demand make He 10 separation extremely important. In this paper, the He separation 11 performance of a series of graphanes containing crown ether nanopores 12 (crown ether graphane, CG-n, n=3, 4, 5, 6) was studied by first-principles 13 calculations. At first, the minimum energy paths of He and other 10 gas 14 molecules (Ne, Ar, H<sub>2</sub>, CO, NO, NO<sub>2</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>, CO<sub>2</sub>, SO<sub>2</sub> and

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Xia, Yingchun, Ziyuan Song, Zhengzhong Tan, et al. "Accelerated polymerization of N-carboxyanhydrides catalyzed by crown ether." Nature Communications 12, no. 1 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-20724-w.

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AbstractThe recent advances in accelerated polymerization of N-carboxyanhydrides (NCAs) enriched the toolbox to prepare well-defined polypeptide materials. Herein we report the use of crown ether (CE) to catalyze the polymerization of NCA initiated by conventional primary amine initiators in solvents with low polarity and low hydrogen-bonding ability. The cyclic structure of the CE played a crucial role in the catalysis, with 18-crown-6 enabling the fastest polymerization kinetics. The fast polymerization kinetics outpaced common side reactions, enabling the preparation of well-defined polypep

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Pan, Yaoyu, Xiufeng Yang, Song-Charng Kong, Foo Chern Ting, Claudia Iyer, and Jianwen Yi. "Characterization of fuel drop impact on wall films using SPH simulation." International Journal of Engine Research, February 17, 2021, 146808742199288. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468087421992888.

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The ability to accurately predict the outcome of the drop/wall interaction is essential to engine spray combustion modeling. In this paper, the process of fuel drop impact on a wet wall was simulated using a numerical method based on smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH). The present numerical method was first validated using experimental data on the crown height and crown diameter resulting from water drop impact on a liquid film. Then, the impact process of iso-octane drops on wet walls under engine relevant conditions were studied. The presence of a wall film will affect not only the splash

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Kim, Jisoo, Jisoo Shin, Donghwan Kim, Yousang Son, and Sungwook Park. "Effects of piston crown designs on in-cylinder flow and mixture formation in gasoline direct injection engine under the lean burn condition." International Journal of Engine Research, April 19, 2023, 146808742311669. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14680874231166982.

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In this study, the effects of piston shapes on in-cylinder flow characteristics and mixture formation in the lean condition was analyzed using the PIV method and CFD (CONVERGE v2.4). The four-piston geometries were concave, flat, convex, and base pistons, and the pistons were mounted on a GDI engine with transparent quartz. To quantify in-cylinder flow characteristics, the mean velocity, tumble ratio, turbulent kinetic energy, and tumble center were calculated. In addition, to analyze the effects of the difference in piston shapes in detail, the velocity fraction was calculated by dividing the

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Liang, Xinghui, Jang‐Yeon Hwang, and Yang‐Kook Sun. "Practical Cathodes for Sodium‐Ion Batteries: Who Will Take The Crown?" Advanced Energy Materials, August 17, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202301975.

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AbstractIn recent decades, sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) have received increasing attention because they offer cost and safety advantages and avoid the challenges related to limited lithium/cobalt/nickel resources and environmental pollution. Because the sodium storage performance and production cost of SIBs are dominated by the cathode performance, developing cathode materials with large‐scale production capacity is the key to achieving commercial applications of SIBs. Therefore, developing host materials with high energy density, long cycling life, low production cost, and high chemical/enviro

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Bao, Minle, Yali Guo, Luyuan Gong, and Shengqiang Shen. "Interface evolution characteristics of dual droplet successive oblique impact on liquid film." Physics of Fluids, June 4, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0096585.

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The dynamic characteristics of dual droplets successive oblique impact on a thin liquid film are numerically studied by using the coupled level set and volume of fluid (CLSVOF) model. This three-dimensional model effectively predicts the evolution of crown and crater, which is validated qualitatively and quantitatively by comparing with experimental observations. Some interesting interface features during the collision and coalescence of crowns are revealed in the present simulations, such as the gas cavity, liquid crest, and air gap. In addition, the crater contour takes on different phases w

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Susan-Resiga, Romeo, Sebastian Muntean, Vlad Hasmatuchi, Ioan Anton, and François Avellan. "Analysis and Prevention of Vortex Breakdown in the Simplified Discharge Cone of a Francis Turbine." Journal of Fluids Engineering 132, no. 5 (2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4001486.

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We perform a numerical analysis of the decelerated swirling flow into the discharge cone of a model Francis turbine operated at variable discharge and constant head, using an axisymmetric turbulent swirling flow model and a corresponding simplified computational domain. Inlet boundary conditions correspond to velocity and turbulent kinetic energy profiles measured downstream the Francis runner. Our numerical results are validated against experimental data on a survey section further downstream in the cone, showing that the Reynolds stress turbulence model with a quadratic pressure-strain term

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Lloyd, C. J., K. Mittal, S. Dutta, et al. "Multi-fidelity modelling of shark skin denticle flows: insights into drag generation mechanisms." Royal Society Open Science 10, no. 2 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.220684.

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We investigate the flow over smooth (non-ribletted) shark skin denticles in an open-channel flow using direct numerical simulation (DNS) and two Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) closures. Large peaks in pressure and viscous drag are observed at the denticle crown edges, where they are exposed to high-speed fluid which penetrates between individual denticles, increasing shear and turbulence. Strong lift forces lead to a positive spanwise torque acting on individual denticles, potentially encouraging bristling if the denticles were not fixed. However, DNS predicts that denticles ultimately

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