Academic literature on the topic 'Crowd science.Citizen science. Crowdsourcing'
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Journal articles on the topic "Crowd science.Citizen science. Crowdsourcing"
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Cappa, Francesco. "Big data from customers and non-customers through crowdsourcing, citizen science and crowdfunding." Journal of Knowledge Management 26, no. 11 (August 12, 2022): 308–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jkm-11-2021-0871.
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Purpose The unprecedented growth in the volume, variety and velocity with which data is generated and collected over the last decade has led to the spread of big data phenomenon. Organizations have become increasingly involved in the collection and analysis of big data to improve their performance. Whereas the focus thus far has mainly been on big data collected from customers, the topic of how to collect data also from those who are not yet customers has been overlooked. A growing means of interacting with non-customers is through crowd-based phenomena, which are therefore examined in this study as a way to further collect big data. Therefore, this study aims to demonstrate the importance of jointly considering these phenomena under the proposed framework. Design/methodology/approach This study seeks to demonstrate that organizations can collect big data from a crowd of customers and non-customers through crowd-based phenomena such as crowdsourcing, citizen science and crowdfunding. The conceptual analysis conducted in this study produced an integrated framework through which companies can improve their performance. Findings Grounded in the resource-based view, this paper argues that non-customers can constitute a valuable resource insofar as they can be an additional source of big data when participating in crowd-based phenomena. Companies can, in this way, further improve their performance. Originality/value This study advances scientific knowledge of big data and crowd-based phenomena by providing an overview of how they can be jointly applied to further benefit organizations. Moreover, the framework posited in this study is an endeavour to stimulate further analyses of these topics and provide initial suggestions on how organizations can jointly leverage crowd-based phenomena and big data.
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Mao, Andrew, Ece Kamar, and Eric Horvitz. "Why Stop Now? Predicting Worker Engagement in Online Crowdsourcing." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Human Computation and Crowdsourcing 1 (November 3, 2013): 103–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/hcomp.v1i1.13076.
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We present studies of the attention and time, or engagement, invested by crowd workers on tasks. Consideration of worker engagement is especially important in volunteer settings such as online citizen science. Using data from Galaxy Zoo, a prominent citizen science project, we design and construct statistical models that provide predictions about the forthcoming engagement of volunteers. We characterize the accuracy of predictions with respect to different sets of features that describe user behavior and study the sensitivity of predictions to variations in the amount of data and retraining. We design our model for guiding system actions in real-time settings, and discuss the prospect for harnessing predictive models of engagement to enhance user attention and effort on volunteer tasks.
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Noel-Storr, Anna, Gordon Dooley, Robin Featherstone, Susanna Wisniewski, Ian Shemilt, James Thomas, Gerald Gartlehner, Barbara Nußbaumer-Steit, and Christopher Mavergames. "Crowdsourcing and COVID-19: a case study of Cochrane Crowd." Journal of EAHIL 17, no. 2 (June 24, 2021): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.32384/jeahil17467.
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Cochrane has used crowdsourcing effectively to identify health evidence since 2014. To date, over 175,000 trialshave been identified for Cochrane’s Central Register of Controlled Trials via Cochrane Crowd (https://crowd.cochrane.org), Cochrane’s citizen science platform, engaging a Crowd of over 20,000 people from 166 countries. The COVID-19 pandemic presented the evidence synthesis community with the enormous challenge of keeping up with the exponential output of COVID-19 research. This case study will detail the new tasks we developed to aid the production of COVID-19 rapid reviews and supply the Cochrane COVID-19 study register. The pandemic initially looked set to disrupt the Crowd team’s plans for 2020 but has in fact served to further our understanding of the potential role crowdsourcing can play in the health evidence ecosystem.
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Hagen, Niclas. "Scaling up and rolling out through the Web." Nordic Journal of Science and Technology Studies 8, no. 1 (May 16, 2020): 4–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5324/njsts.v8i1.3320.
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The purpose of this paper is to investigate online public participation and engagement in science through crowdsourcing platforms. In order to fulfil this purpose, this paper will use the crowdsourcing platform Zooniverse as a case study, as it constitutes the most prominent and established citizen science platform today. The point of departure for the analysis is that Zooniverse can be seen as a “platformization” of citizen science and scientific citizenship. The paper suggests that the mobilisation of individuals who participate and engage in science on the Zooniverse platform takes place through an epistemic culture that emphasises both authenticity and prospects of novel discoveries. Yet, in the process of turning “raw” data into useable data, Zooniverse has implemented a framework that structures the crowd, something that limits the sort of participation that is offered on the platform. This limitation means that the platform as a whole hardly be seen as fostering a more radical democratic inclusion, for example in the form of a co-production of scientific knowledge, that dissolves the institutional borders between scientists and non-professional volunteers.
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Dhonju, H. K., W. Xiao, B. Shakya, J. P. Mills, and V. Sarhosis. "DOCUMENTATION OF HERITAGE STRUCTURES THROUGH GEO-CROWDSOURCING AND WEB-MAPPING." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W7 (September 12, 2017): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w7-17-2017.
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Heritage documentation has become increasingly urgent due to both natural impacts and human influences. The documentation of countless heritage sites around the globe is a massive project that requires significant amounts of financial and labour resources. With the concepts of volunteered geographic information (VGI) and citizen science, heritage data such as digital photographs can be collected through online crowd participation. Whilst photographs are not strictly geographic data, they can be geo-tagged by the participants. They can also be automatically geo-referenced into a global coordinate system if collected via mobile phones which are now ubiquitous. With the assistance of web-mapping, an online geo-crowdsourcing platform has been developed to collect and display heritage structure photographs. Details of platform development are presented in this paper. The prototype is demonstrated with several heritage examples. Potential applications and advancements are discussed.
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Isa, Wan Abdul Rahim Wan Mohd, Indah Mohd Amin, and Norhidayah Saubiran. "Mobile Application on Malay Medicinal Plants based on Information Crowdsourcing." Alinteri Journal of Agriculture Sciences 36, no. 2 (August 16, 2021): 208–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.47059/alinteri/v36i2/ajas21135.
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Mobile Application on Malay Medicinal Plants Based on Information Crowdsourcing is an application that provides information on Malay medicinal plants. The information in this application is obtained from a crowd of people including researchers, Malay villagers, traditional medical practitioners, and the public who are willing to share their knowledge and information on Malay medicinal plants. This project focuses on the use of Malay medicinal plants that contain nutrients which is good for human health. There are a lot of Malay medicinal plants founded by the researcher that can help to treat human illnesses. This project involves crowdsourcing. Crowdsourcing is the best way for people to get information from the researchers and crowd people. This project is related to crowdsourcing information systems. Crowdsourcing information systems are information systems that produce informational products or services for internal or external customers by utilizing the potential of crowd people. This project promotes knowledge sharing and awareness among researchers, Malay villagers, traditional medical practitioners, and local herbs entrepreneurs, and the public towards Malay medicinal plants. This project applies the concept of Wikipedia whereby the information is obtained from a crowd of people. It allows the researchers, Malay villagers, traditional medical practitioners, local herbs entrepreneurs, and the public to share their knowledge and findings on Malay medicinal plants on the internet easily. This project also focuses on motivating the public that there are a lot of Malay medicinal plants that can be used for health care. This project is developed in the Malay language as it provides information on Malay medicinal plants and the target user is Malaysia’s citizens. For future enhancement, this project plan to be developed in English and wider target users from other countries.
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Kamar, Ece, Ashish Kapoor, and Eric Horvitz. "Identifying and Accounting for Task-Dependent Bias in Crowdsourcing." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Human Computation and Crowdsourcing 3 (September 23, 2015): 92–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/hcomp.v3i1.13238.
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Models for aggregating contributions by crowd workers have been shown to be challenged by the rise of task-specific biases or errors. Task-dependent errors in assessment may shift the majority opinion of even large numbers of workers to an incorrect answer. We introduce and evaluate probabilistic models that can detect and correct task-dependent bias automatically. First, we show how to build and use probabilistic graphical models for jointly modeling task features, workers' biases, worker contributions and ground truth answers of tasks so that task-dependent bias can be corrected. Second, we show how the approach can perform a type of transfer learning among workers to address the issue of annotation sparsity. We evaluate the models with varying complexity on a large data set collected from a citizen science project and show that the models are effective at correcting the task-dependent worker bias. Finally, we investigate the use of active learning to guide the acquisition of expert assessments to enable automatic detection and correction of worker bias.
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Samulowska, Marta, Szymon Chmielewski, Edwin Raczko, Michał Lupa, Dorota Myszkowska, and Bogdan Zagajewski. "Crowdsourcing without Data Bias: Building a Quality Assurance System for Air Pollution Symptom Mapping." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, no. 2 (January 22, 2021): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10020046.
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Crowdsourcing is one of the spatial data sources, but due to its unstructured form, the quality of noisy crowd judgments is a challenge. In this study, we address the problem of detecting and removing crowdsourced data bias as a prerequisite for better-quality open-data output. This study aims to find the most robust data quality assurance system (QAs). To achieve this goal, we design logic-based QAs variants and test them on the air quality crowdsourcing database. By extending the paradigm of urban air pollution monitoring from particulate matter concentration levels to air-quality-related health symptom load, the study also builds a new perspective for citizen science (CS) air quality monitoring. The method includes the geospatial web (GeoWeb) platform as well as a QAs based on conditional statements. A four-month crowdsourcing campaign resulted in 1823 outdoor reports, with a rejection rate of up to 28%, depending on the applied. The focus of this study was not on digital sensors’ validation but on eliminating logically inconsistent surveys and technologically incorrect objects. As the QAs effectiveness may depend on the location and society structure, that opens up new cross-border opportunities for replication of the research in other geographical conditions.
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Hossain, Mokter, and Ilkka Kauranen. "Crowdsourcing: a comprehensive literature review." Strategic Outsourcing: An International Journal 8, no. 1 (February 16, 2015): 2–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/so-12-2014-0029.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the development of crowdsourcing literature. Design/methodology/approach – This study is a comprehensive review of 346 articles on crowdsourcing. Both statistical and contents analyses were conducted in this paper. Findings – ISI listed journal articles, non-ISI listed journal articles and conference articles have had nearly the same contribution in crowdsourcing literature. Articles published in non-ISI listed journals have had an essential role in the initial theory development related to crowdsourcing. Scholars from the USA have authored approximately the same number of articles as scholars from all the European countries combined. Scholars from developing countries have been more relatively active in authoring conference articles than journal articles. Only very recently, top-tier journals have engaged in publishing on crowdsourcing. Crowdsourcing has proven to be beneficial in many tasks, but the extant literature does not give much help to practitioners in capturing value from crowdsourcing. Despite understanding that the motivations of crowds are crucial when planning crowdsourcing activities, the various motivations in different contexts have not been explored sufficiently. A major concern has been the quality and accuracy of information that has been gathered through crowdsourcing. Crowdsourcing bears a lot of unused potential. For example, it can increase employment opportunities to low-income people in developing countries. On the other hand, more should be known of fair ways to organize crowdsourcing so that solution seekers do not get a chance to exploit individuals committing to provide solutions. Research limitations/implications – The literature included in the study is extensive, but an all-inclusive search for articles was limited to only nine selected publishers. However, in addition to the articles retrieved from the nine selected publishers, 52 highly cited articles were also included from other publishers. Practical implications – Crowdsourcing has much unused potential, and the use of crowdsourcing is increasing rapidly. The study provides a thematic review of various applications of crowdsourcing. Originality/value – The study is the first of its kind to explore the development of crowdsourcing literature, discussing the loci and foci of extant articles and listing applications of crowdsourcing. Successful applications of crowdsourcing include idea generation, microtasking, citizen science, public participation, wikies, open source software and citizen journalism.
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Psaraftis, Konstantinos, Theodoros Anagnostopoulos, and Klimis Ntalianis. "An innovative quality lane change evaluation scheme based on reliable crowd-ratings." Computer Science and Information Systems, no. 00 (2022): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/csis210830030p.
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Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSs) and their applications are attracting significant attention in research and industry. ITSs make use of various sensing and communication technologies to assist transportation authorities and vehicle drivers in making informative decisions and provide leisure and safe driving experience. Data collection and dispersion are of utmost importance for the proper operation of ITSs applications. Numerous standards, architectures and communication protocols have been anticipated for ITSs applications. In recent years, crowdsourcing methods have shown to provide important benefits to ITSs, where ubiquitous citizens, acting as mobile human sensors, help respond to signals and providing real-time information. In this paper, the problem of mitigating crowdsourced data bias and malicious activity is addressed, when no auxiliary information is available at the individual level, as a prerequisite for achieving better quality data output. To achieve this goal, an innovative algorithm is designed and tested on a crowdsourcing database of lane change evaluations. A three-month crowdsourcing campaign is performed with 70 participants, resulting in a large number of lane changes evaluations. The proposed algorithm can negate the noisy ground-truth of crowdsourced data and improve the overall quality.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Crowd science.Citizen science. Crowdsourcing"
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Roth, Hannah Michelle. "Smartphone Privacy in Citizen Science." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/78360.
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Group signature schemes enable anonymous-yet-accountable communications. Such a capability is extremely useful for modern applications such as smartphone-based crowdsensing and citizen science. A prototype named GROUPSENSE was developed to support anonymous-yet-accountable crowdsensing with SRBE in Android devices. From this prototype, an Android crowdsensing application was implemented to support privacy in citizen science. In this thesis, we will evaluate the usability of our privacy-preserving crowdsensing application for citizen science projects. An in person user study with 22 participants has been performed showing that participants understood the importance of privacy in citizen science and were willing to install privacy-enhancing applications, yet over half of the participants did not understand the privacy guarantee. Based on these results, modifications to the crowdsensing application have been made with the goal of improving the participants' understanding of the privacy guarantee.Master of Science
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Mason, Aaron D. "Monitoring individual animals through a collaborative crowdsourcing and citizen science platform." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2016. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/810995/.
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Improvements in communication technology means that increasing numbers of people around the world can share information with increasing ease. This information is forming knowledge in forms that was not previously conventionally possible. It is enabling new communities to be formed. This research aimed to determine how this data could be exploited and combined with additional complementary tools to enable automated large-scale non-intrusive monitoring of wildlife, and in particular keystone species. Three proof-of-concept research studies explored automated camera traps, citizen science and large-scale crowdsourcing to determine the potential of a system that combines this technology and its use for automated monitoring of wild animals. The results demonstrated that internet-connected camera traps are capable of collecting valuable visual data at a large-scale. However, for keystone species, such as tigers, the scale required for monitoring presents technical and economic challenges. The participation of citizen scientists to collect and analyse data demonstrated a potential monitoring mechanism. However, the volume of data provided for such a focused practice proved insufficient for accurate large-scale monitoring. The Wildsense project, which used publicly-available image data from the Web as its primary data source demonstrated that there is additional data available that can be processed with the participation of citizen scientists. The popularity and overall interest towards this project showed that crowdsourcing is a viable method for collecting relevant data for animal monitoring. It was concluded that the proof-of-concept experiments completed provided evidence that there is a potential to monitor individual animals through an automated approach and a system architecture is proposed. There is potential for automated large scale monitoring using the proposed framework. However, there are significant challenges to overcome and multiple directions for future work are recommended for exploration.
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Cappa, Francesco. "Crowd science: methods to motivate contributors and firms' benefits." Doctoral thesis, Luiss Guido Carli, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11385/201166.
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Crowd science: definition, trend and research questions. Activating social strategies: face-to-face interaction in technology-mediated citizen science. Bring them aboard: rewarding participation in technology mediated citizen science projects. When does crowdsourcing benefit firm performance 103.
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Nath, Swaprava. "Mechanism Design For Strategic Crowdsourcing." Thesis, Indian Institute of Science, 2013. http://etd.iisc.ernet.in/handle/2005/2497.
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This thesis looks into the economics of crowdsourcing using game theoretic modeling. The art of aggregating information and expertise from a diverse population has been in practice since a long time. The Internet and the revolution in communication and computational technologies have made this task easier and given birth to a new era of online resource aggregation, which is now popularly referred to as crowdsourcing. Two important features of this aggregation technique are: (a) crowdsourcing is always human driven, hence the participants are rational and intelligent, and they have a payoff function that they aim to maximize, and (b) the participants are connected over a social network which helps to reach out to a large set of individuals. To understand the behavior and the outcome of such a strategic crowd, we need to understand the economics of a crowdsourcing network. In this thesis, we have considered the following three major facets of the strategic crowdsourcing problem.
(i) Elicitation of the true qualities of the crowd workers: As the crowd is often unstructured and unknown to the designer, it is important to ensure if the crowdsourced job is indeed performed at the highest quality, and this requires elicitation of the true qualities which are typically the participants' private information.
(ii) Resource critical task execution ensuring the authenticity of both the information and the identity of the participants: Due to the diverse geographical, cultural, socio-economic reasons, crowdsourcing entails certain manipulations that are unusual in the classical theory. The design has to be robust enough to handle fake identities or incorrect information provided by the crowd while performing crowdsourcing contests.
(iii) Improving the productive output of the crowdsourcing network: As the designer's goal is to maximize a certain measurable output of the crowdsourcing system, an interesting question is how one can design the incentive scheme and/or the network so that the system performs at an optimal level taking into account the strategic nature of the individuals. In the thesis, we design novel mechanisms to solve the problems above using game theoretic modeling. Our investigation helps in understanding certain limits of achievability, and provides design protocols in order to make crowdsourcing more reliable, effective, and productive.
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Munke, Martin. "Citizen Science/Bürgerwissenschaften: Projekte, Probleme, Perspektiven (am Beispiel Sachsen)." Sächsische Landesbibliothek - Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Dresden, 2018. https://slub.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A21204.
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Unter dem englischen Begriff Citizen Science und seiner deutschen Entsprechung Bürgerwissenschaften werden eine Reihe von Konzepten gefasst, die eine Beteiligung von Laien bei der Generierung wissenschaftlicher Erkenntnisse bezeichnen. Diese Konzepte sind eng verbunden mit der Vorstellung einer Offenen Wissenschaft (Open Science) und ihrem Ziel, 'Wissenschaft einer größeren Zahl von Menschen einfacher zugänglich zu machen' (Wikipedia). Der Vortrag im Rahmen der Konferenz 'Forschungsdesign 4.0. Datengenerierung und Wissenstransfer in interdisziplinärer Perspektive' des Instituts für Sächsische Geschichte und Volkskunde e.V. vom 19. bis 21. April 2018 an der Sächsischen Landesbibliothek - Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Dresden untersuchte unterschiedliche Definitionsansätze zusammengeführt und skizzierte am Beispiel aktueller Projekte aus Sachsen Probleme und Perspektiven von Citizen Science allgemein.
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Singh, Abhishek. "Mobile Crowd Instrumentation: Design of Surface Solar Irradiance Instrument." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1491777121026468.
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Severinsen, Jeremy John. "Measuring Trust for Crowdsourced Geographic Information." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geography, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/10472.
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In recent years Crowdsourced, or Volunteered, Geographic Information (CGI, VGI), has emerged as a large, up-to-date and easily accessible data source. Primarily attributable to the rise of the Geoweb and widespread use of location enabled technologies, this environment of widespread innovation has repositioned the role of consumers of spatial information. Collaborative and participatory web environments have led to a democratisation of the global mapping process, and resulted in a paradigm shift to the consumer of geographic data also acting as a data producer.
With such a large and diverse group of participants actively mapping the globe, the resulting flood of information has become increasingly attractive to authoritative mapping agencies, in order to augment their own spatial data supply chains. The use of CGI would allow these agencies to undertake continuous improvement of their own data and products, adding a dimension of currency that has previously been unattainable due to high associated costs. CGI, however, through its diversity of authorship, presents a quality assurance risk to these agencies should it be included in their authoritative products. Until now, this risk has been insurmountable, with CGI remaining a “Pandora’s Box” which many agencies are reluctant to open.
This research presents an algorithmic model that overcomes these issues, by quantifying trust in CGI in order to assess its implied quality. Labeled “VGTrust”, this model assesses information about a data author, its spatial trust, as well as its temporal trust, in order to produce an overall metric that is easy to understand and interpret. The VGTrust model will allow mapping agencies to harness CGI to augment existing datasets, or create new ones, thereby facilitating a targeted quality assurance process and minimizing risk to authoritativeness.
This research proposes VGTrust in theory, on the basis of existing examinations of trust issues with CGI. Furthermore, a facilitated case study, “Building Our Footprints” is presented, where VGTrust is deployed to facilitate the capture of a building footprint dataset, the results of which revealing the veracity of the model as a measure to assess trust for these data. Finally, a data structure is proposed in the form of a “geo-molecule”, which allows the full spectrum of trust indicators to be stored a data structure at feature level, allowing the transitivity of this information to travel with each feature following creation.
By overcoming the trust issues inherent in CGI, this research will allow the integration of crowdsourced and authoritative data, thereby leveraging the power of the crowd for productive and innovative re-use.
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Schück, Fredrik. "Implementation of Citizens’ Observations in Urban Pluvial Flood Modelling." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-297552.
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Damages caused by urban pluvial floods are believed to increase due to climate change and urbanization as more citizens are impacted in densely populated cities and extreme rainfalls occur more frequently with higher intensities. To prepare cities for these calamities, urban pluvial flood models are created to provide knowledge about how an extreme rainfall event could inundate the studied city. However, due to the scarcity of observation data from these rainfall events, flood models are seldom calibrated which is necessary to ensure their accuracy. To improve the feasibility of calibrations an emerging data source was tested, crowdsourced images from citizens. Citizens’ observations have become increasingly available due to the increase of mobile phones and the development of social media enabling citizens to document and upload their observations to the public. Researchers could use these observations as an unconventional data source to calibrate models and reduce the knowledge gap regarding urban floods. The aim of this study was to explore and increase our understanding of how citizen’s observations can be used to calibrate an urban pluvial flood model. A case study about the cloudburst event in Malmö was conducted to study this topic. During that event, more than 100 mm of rain fell over a period of 6 hours in the city and caused 60 million euros of damages. A total of 297 images depicting the flood caused by the cloudburst event were gathered from social media platforms, newspapers archives, and by inquiring citizens. Images were screened and analysed: water levels were estimated in 66 images and were then used to calibrate a 2D flood model. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis of the calibrated results was conducted by calculating the RMSE for different subsets and compare it with the RMSE for the full dataset of citizens’ observations. This was done to study how different characteristics, such as timestamp and source as well as sample size and location of the images influences the calibration procedure. After the model was calibrated, the importance of spatial variability in the rainfall input was tested by comparing the flood model output between the spatially varied observed rainfall and a Chicago Design Storm rainfall, which lacks spatial variability. It was concluded that images from citizens can be used to calibrate an urban pluvial flood model, but the procedure is time-consuming. However, it was also evident that images directly inquired from citizens reduced the time needed as their local knowledge could be integrated. The calibration procedure was also sensitive to the quality of the observations, especially when the images were photographed in relation to the rainfall event. Even though the study had limitations it demonstrates new possibilities to calibrate urban pluvial flood models.Konsekvenserna av översvämningar från skyfall i städer, så kallade pluviala översvämningar, förväntas öka på grund av urbanisering och klimatförändringar. Det är för att fler påverkas av översvämningar i tätbyggda städer samt att skyfall förväntas öka, både i intensitet och frekvens. Med hjälp av skyfallsmodeller kan dock förståelsen för hur extrema regn översvämmar städer öka. Med denna kunskap kan åtgärder för att minimera konsekvenserna implementeras, såsom blågrön infrastruktur. Däremot finns det en brist av observationsdata från pluviala översvämningar och vilket medför att dessa modeller ytterst sällan kalibreras. Kalibrering är viktig för att säkerställa tillförlitliga modeller. För att öka möjligheten att kalibrera dessa modeller undersöktes hur observationer från medborgare kan implementeras. Dessa observationer är en relativ oprövad metod men har blivit alltmer tillgängliga tack vare allt bättre mobiltelefonkameror och utvecklingen av sociala medier, vilket gör det enkelt för medborgare att dokumentera och ladda upp sina observationer till allmänheten. Syftet med denna studie är därför att öka förståelsen för hur bilder från medborgare kan användas för att möjliggöra kalibreringen av översvämningsmodeller. En fallstudie över ett skyfall i Malmö 2014 används för att utvärdera denna metod. Under detta skyfall regnade det mer än 100 mm vilket orsakade skador för cirka 600 miljoner kronor. Totalt samlades 297 bilder som föreställde översvämningen som orsakades av skyfallet. Bilderna samlades ifrån sociala media, tidningsbildarkiv och genom att fråga medborgare efter bilder. Vattennivåerna uppskattades i 66 bilder och de användes sedan för att kalibrera en 2D- skyfallsmodell. Utöver kalibreringen genomfördes en känslighetsanalys av de kalibrerade resultaten genom att jämföra medelfelet för olika subgrupper av bilderna mot medelfelet för alla bilder. Detta gjordes för att studera hur olika egenskaper, såsom när bilden togs och deras ursprung samt bildernas urvalsstorlek och placering påverkar kalibreringsprocessen. Efter att modellen kalibrerats testades också betydelsen av spatial variation i nederbörden genom att jämföra de simulerade vattennivåerna mellan den spatialt varierade historiska regnet och ett syntetiskt CDS-regn som saknar variation. Utifrån det drogs slutsatsen att bilder från medborgare kan användas för att kalibrera en skyfallsmodell, men metoden är tidskrävande. Dock var det tydligt att bilder som direkt efterfrågades från medborgarna minskade arbetsbördan då deras lokalkännedom kunde inkluderas. Kalibreringen var också känslig för observationerna datakvalitet, särskilt när bilderna fotograferades i förhållande till regnet. Även om studien hade begränsningar visar den att det finns stora möjligheter att kalibrera skyfallsmodeller med observationer från medborgare.
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Simpson, Edwin Daniel. "Combined decision making with multiple agents." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:f5c9770b-a1c9-4872-b0dc-1bfa28c11a7f.
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In a wide range of applications, decisions must be made by combining information from multiple agents with varying levels of trust and expertise. For example, citizen science involves large numbers of human volunteers with differing skills, while disaster management requires aggregating information from multiple people and devices to make timely decisions. This thesis introduces efficient and scalable Bayesian inference for decision combination, allowing us to fuse the responses of multiple agents in large, real-world problems and account for the agents’ unreliability in a principled manner. As the behaviour of individual agents can change significantly, for example if agents move in a physical space or learn to perform an analysis task, this work proposes a novel combination method that accounts for these time variations in a fully Bayesian manner using a dynamic generalised linear model. This approach can also be used to augment agents’ responses with continuous feature data, thus permitting decision-making when agents’ responses are in limited supply. Working with information inferred using the proposed Bayesian techniques, an information-theoretic approach is developed for choosing optimal pairs of tasks and agents. This approach is demonstrated by an algorithm that maintains a trustworthy pool of workers and enables efficient learning by selecting informative tasks. The novel methods developed here are compared theoretically and empirically to a range of existing decision combination methods, using both simulated and real data. The results show that the methodology proposed in this thesis improves accuracy and computational efficiency over alternative approaches, and allows for insights to be determined into the behavioural groupings of agents.
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Chupin, Lisa. "Enjeux communicationnels de la conception de dispositifs de médiation documentaire augmentée pour les herbiers numérisés." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CNAM1141/document.
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Nous décrivons les mutations des formes de communication médiatisées par les collections d'histoire naturelle dans le contexte de leur numérisation. Ces collections ont servi de paradigme pour penser le rôle des artefacts matériels dans la production de données scientifiques standardisées mobilisant des acteurs aux compétences hétérogènes, y compris des amateurs. Nous abordons leur numérisation dans le but de tester l'hypothèse de la possibilité de reconstituer à partir de dispositifs numériques leurs spécificités documentaires. Il en résulterait la possibilité d'utiliser le spécimen numérisé à toutes les étapes de la communication scientifique où interviennent les collections : document issu de collectes parfois associées à des activités de loisir, la planche d'herbier devient une source d'information examinée au début de la recherche scientifique, puis le support des résultats d'une nouvelle expertise conservée en vue de sa réexploitation future ; elle acquiert avec le temps une valeur patrimoniale renseignant sur l'histoire des collections. La reconstitution de ces fonctions ouvre la perspective d'une médiation des collections numérisées capable d'intégrer des objectifs d'exploitation scientifique et de valorisation patrimoniale qui pourrait être utile à d'autres corpus. L'augmentation des fonctionnalités des bases de données au-delà de la seule consultation des collections dépend de la volonté d'innovation des acteurs de la valorisation et de l'exploitation des collections. C'était l'un des objectifs de l'Infrastructure Nationale en Biologie Santé e-Recolnat, qui s'ajoutait à celui de la numérisation des collections détenues par les institutions partenaires. Ce projet a conduit à la participation d'un laboratoire de sciences de l'information et de la communication, Dicen-IDF, à l'infrastructure, avec une mission de conception et de développement d'applications destinées à la valorisation des collections numérisées. La conception s'est appuyée sur l'observation des pratiques d'usagers de différentes spécialités et sur la recension de leurs attentes à l'égard des outils numériques. C'est sur cette démarche de recherche-action articulant des phases d'observation, de conception et de test des dispositifs développés que s'appuie notre étude. À partir d'un cadre d'analyse de l'activité des différents usagers comme flux de transactions, définies comme des interactions produisant une transformation symbolique et artefactuelle au sein d'un collectif qu'elles participent à modeler, notre enquête a mis en évidence différentes formes de communication médiatisées par les collections numérisées, selon les types de dispositifs utilisés et les spécialités des usagers. Les collections numérisées facilitent la progression concomitante d'inventaires locaux, qui s'enrichissent chacun des données progressivement mises en ligne par d'autres. L'intégration des chercheurs à ce travail documentaire reste dominé par des interactions avec les gestionnaires, même si certaines bases de données ouvrent des droits de correction aux usagers. Les spécimens numérisés jouent un rôle qui va du simple intermédiaire facilitant l'accès à la planche à celui de document de référence. Le logiciel développé pour e-Recolnat par le laboratoire Dicen-IDF vise à encourager l'exploitation scientifique des spécimens numérisés en associant à la sélection dans la base de données des fonctions d'annotation, de tri et de mesure, sans encore permettre l'archivage des données issues de ces opérations. L'intégration de contributeurs amateurs à l'information des collections est reconstituée à travers une plateforme proposant la transcription des étiquettes des spécimens à des internautes non spécialistes : s'y déploient de nouvelles formes de médiation scientifique, entre animateurs impliqués dans des activités de conservation et de recherche et contributeurs réguliers qui s'en font les relaisWe describe evolving patterns of communication mediated by naturalistic collections in the context of their digitisation. Natural history collections have been a reference for theorising the role played by material artifacts in the process of standardised data production lead by multiple and heterogenous actors, including amateurs. We study the digitisation of naturalistic collections with the aim of validating the hypothesis that the characteristics of their documents and the principles of their organisation can be reproduced with a digital device. If so, digitised specimens could be used at each step of the scientific communication involving uses of naturalistic collections: sometimes collected during leisure botany practices, specimens are a source of information used during the scientific study, and in the end they are the medium for publishing the results of the study, using a new label ; over time, they become a scientific heritage documenting the history of knowledge creation. The digital reproduction of these functions of herbaria creates a model for digital mediation enabling scientific collections to be considered as both scientific information and scientific heritage. This model could be used for other kinds of digitised collections. The project of extending the functionalities of databases of digitised specimens can be lead only by curators and users. It was one of the goals of Recolnat, a national infrastructure in biology and health, in addition to digitisation of collections. In this aim, a lab in communication sciences, Dicen-IDF (Paris), has been part of the infrastructure. It had to design and develop digital tools for enhancing uses of digitised specimens. The designing process was grounded on the results of the observation of uses of digitalised herbaria and needs expressed by users working with different methods. We grounded our theoretical research on this inquiry involved in the design process in which we were taking part; user tests of devices developed by the lab were the last part of our inquiry. We analysed all the activities using specimen with the same theoretical framework grounded on a conception of communication as a set of interactions transforming artifacts and creating new meanings and new forms of social organisation. Thereby we analysed different models of communication mediated by digitised collections, depending on the functionalities of databases and on the domain and skill set of users. Digitised collections have been enhancing the numerous local efforts of inventorying collections by making available online the results of each of them. Researchers mainly communicate their results to curators in order to enrich collection data, because few databases integrate scientific annotations or corrections online. Scientific uses of digitised specimens are varying depending on the specialities : they can be used as a scientific reference, but are often used only for identifying the specimens owned by a herbarium. The software developed by the Dicen-IDF lab enhances scientific uses of digital specimen. Another software of the Recolnat project enables the traditional participation of amateurs in the curation of naturalistic collections by crowdsourcing online transcription of sheet labels. This platform creates new forms of scientific mediation between animators promoting the understanding of scientific collections and volunteers learning the principles of documenting collections
Books on the topic "Crowd science.Citizen science. Crowdsourcing"
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Butkeviciene, Egle. Citizen Science and Social Innovation: Mutual Relations, Barriers, Needs, and Development Factors. Lausanne: Frontiers Media, 2022.
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Hunter, Andrea. Crowdfunding and Crowdsourcing in Journalism. Taylor & Francis Group, 2021.
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Hunter, Andrea. Crowdfunding and Crowdsourcing in Journalism. Taylor & Francis Group, 2021.
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Association, Information Resources Management. Crowdsourcing: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications. IGI Global, 2019.
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The Crowd and the Cosmos: Adventures in the Zooniverse. Oxford University Press, 2020.
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Lintott, Chris. The Crowd and the Cosmos: Adventures in the Zooniverse. Bolinda Audio, 2020.
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Silva, Carlos Nunes. Citizen E-Participation in Urban Governance: Crowdsourcing and Collaborative Creativity. IGI Global, 2013.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Crowd science.Citizen science. Crowdsourcing"
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Pohlisch, Jakob. "Managing the Crowd: A Literature Review of Empirical Studies on Internal Crowdsourcing." In Contributions to Management Science, 27–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52881-2_3.
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AbstractThe phenomenon of crowdsourcing is increasingly being addressed in academic literature. Companies utilize crowdsourcing to search for solutions to internal problems outside of the companies’ boundaries, accessing the vast and diverse knowledge and creativity of people all over the world. More recently, a growing interest has emerged that concentrates on the intra-organizational application of this phenomenon—internal crowdsourcing. While conventional internal innovation activities are mostly concentrated within a few dedicated departments, this new approach helps companies to open up their innovation process to all employees. Internal crowdsourcing can help companies bridge geographical distances, integrate new employees, predict the market success of products, and create ideas for new businesses.This chapter aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the existing empirical findings regarding the management of internal crowdsourcing. In this review, 27 papers, covering more than 100 companies, are analysed. They are based on more than 800 interviews, participant observations, action design research, surveys, and datasets of internal innovation contests. The results of this review will help practitioners to design the management of internal crowdsourcing based on existing implementations and lessons learned, helping them to unleash the full innovation potential of their employees, creating a valuable competitive advantage.
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Haklay, Muki. "Citizen Science and Volunteered Geographic Information: Overview and Typology of Participation." In Crowdsourcing Geographic Knowledge, 105–22. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4587-2_7.
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Uhl, André, and Edgar Göll. "The Use of Internal Crowdsourcing for Qualification and Competence Development in Organizations." In Contributions to Management Science, 169–99. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52881-2_10.
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AbstractThis article deals with the question of how internal crowdsourcing can be used as a tool to support employee qualification measures and help develop their competencies in organizations. The first chapter examines the current state of the competence research. A paradigm shift from ‘qualification and professional development’ towards ‘competencies’ and the implications for the concept are described. Chapter “An Introduction to Internal Crowdsourcing” deals with the analyses and work on the subject of competence acquisition and development, including considering the results of two interview series and two workshops. In chapter “Managing the Crowd: A Literature Review of Empirical Studies on Internal Crowdsourcing”, the authors present a combined and practical approach to support competence development through internal crowdsourcing in organizations. Finally, the last chapter sums up main results and perspectives for competence development through a combination of virtual and face-to-face working processes.
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Iskender, Neslihan, and Tim Polzehl. "An Empirical Analysis of an Internal Crowdsourcing Platform: IT Implications for Improving Employee Participation." In Contributions to Management Science, 103–34. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52881-2_6.
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AbstractCrowdsourcing has become one of the main resources for working on so-called microtasks that require human intelligence to solve tasks that computers cannot yet solve and to connect to external knowledge and expertise. Instead of using external crowds, several organizations have increasingly been using their employees as a crowd, with the aim of exploiting employee’s potentials, mobilizing unused technical and personal experience and including personal skills for innovation or product enhancement. However, understanding the dynamics of this new way of digital co-working from the technical point of view plays a vital role in the success of internal crowdsourcing, and, to our knowledge, no study has yet empirically investigated the relationship between the technical features and participation in internal crowdsourcing. Therefore, this chapter aims to provide a guideline for organizations and employers from the perspective of the technical design of internal crowdsourcing, specifically regarding issues of data protection privacy and security concerns as well as task type, design, duration and participation time based on the empirical findings of an internal crowdsourcing platform.
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An, Jian, Ruobiao Wu, Lele Xiang, Xiaolin Gui, and Zhenlong Peng. "FCM: A Fine-Grained Crowdsourcing Model Based on Ontology in Crowd-Sensing." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 172–79. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47099-3_14.
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Dong, Zhaoan, Jianhong Tu, Ju Fan, Jiaheng Lu, Xiaoyong Du, and Tok Wang Ling. "Crowd-Type: A Crowdsourcing-Based Tool for Type Completion in Knowledge Bases." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 17–21. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01391-2_4.
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Mucha, Franziska, and Kristin Oswald. "Partizipationsorientierte Wissensgenerierung und Citizen Science im Museum." In Schriften zum Kultur- und Museumsmanagement, 295–328. Bielefeld, Germany: transcript Verlag, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.14361/9783839448960-014.
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Franziska Mucha und Kristin Oswald untersuchen in diesem Beitrag Prozesse der partizipativen Wissensproduktion im Museum und fragen, welche institutionellen Veränderungen notwendig sind, um die Beteiligung externer Teilnehmer:innen zu fördern. Der Beitrag beleuchtet Formate wie Crowdsourcing, Citizen Science und Hackathons und stellt ihre kontributiven, kollaborativen und co-kreativen Eigenschaften heraus. Die Autorinnen reflektieren diese gemeinsam mit Interviewpartner:innen aus dem Kulturbereich und zeigen dabei das Innovationspotenzial partizipationsorientierter Wissensproduktion: sowohl Inhalte als auch Arbeitsweisen von Museen können erweitert und für neue Zielgruppen attraktiver gestaltet werden, wenn die Mitarbeiter:innen sich auf diese offenen Prozesse einlassen. Dabei sind Experimentierfreude und eine starke Infrastruktur maßgeblich.
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Liang, Bin, Yiqun Liu, Min Zhang, Shaoping Ma, Liyun Ru, and Kuo Zhang. "Tag Expansion Using Friendship Information: Services for Picking-a-crowd for Crowdsourcing." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 25–43. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-45558-6_3.
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Skorupska, Kinga, Anna Jaskulska, Rafał Masłyk, Julia Paluch, Radosław Nielek, and Wiesław Kopeć. "Older Adults’ Motivation and Engagement with Diverse Crowdsourcing Citizen Science Tasks." In Human-Computer Interaction – INTERACT 2021, 93–103. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85616-8_7.
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Shen, Yang Ting, Yi Shiang Shiu, and Peiwen Lu. "City Probe: The Crowdsourcing Platform Driven by Citizen-Based Sensing for Spatial Identification and Assessment." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 69–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46771-9_9.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Crowd science.Citizen science. Crowdsourcing"
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Deis, Louise. "CITIZEN SCIENCE OR CROWDSOURCING IS EXPLODING." In GSA Annual Meeting in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018am-323770.
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Crowston, Kevin, Erica Mitchell, and Carsten Østerlund. "Coordinating Advanced Crowd Work: Extending Citizen Science." In Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.24251/hicss.2018.212.
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Wiggins, Andrea, and Kevin Crowston. "From Conservation to Crowdsourcing: A Typology of Citizen Science." In 2011 44th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS 2011). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/hicss.2011.207.
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Rughinis, Cosima. "Citizen science, gallaxies and tropes: Knowledge creation in impromptu crowd science movements." In 2016 15th RoEduNet Conference: Networking in Education and Research. IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/roedunet.2016.7753210.
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Zhang, Xuefeng, Mingshuang Chen, and Guanqun Ji. "Factors influencing the crowd participation in knowledge-intensive crowdsourcing." In ICCSE'19: The 4th International Conference on Crowd Science and Engineering. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3371238.3371268.
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Ono, Eiri, Yuko Ikkatai, and Teruaki Enoto. "Encouraging Citizen Motivation of Crowd Science: A Case Study of Kyoto Open Science Activities." In 2017 6th IIAI International Congress on Advanced Applied Informatics (IIAI-AAI). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iiai-aai.2017.175.
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Luo, Yiqin, Tongda Zhang, Xiao Sun, and Minyu Chen. "Collaboration interaction prediction in crowdsourcing via temporal network." In ICCSE '21: 5th International Conference on Crowd Science and Engineering. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3503181.3503220.
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Gorokhova, Tatiana. "Citizen science and its role in the sustainable development of Ukraine." In First International Conference "Open Science and Innovation in Ukraine 2022". State Scientific and Technical Library of Ukraine, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35668/978-966-479-129-5-5-1.
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The research analyses the role of citizen science in the sustainable development (SD) of Ukraine, including case studies of citizen science implementation based on principles of SD. The author examines the consistent aspects that underlie citizen science and stimulate the effective participation of citizens and their contribution to citizen science. Keywords: citizen science, sustainable development, research, crowd science, citizen science program.
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Guo, Jiayan, Jian Tang, Xinxue Zhou, and Jing Li. "How "Task-Individual Fit" Influences User Contribution Behaviors in Citizen Science." In ICCSE'19: The 4th International Conference on Crowd Science and Engineering. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3371238.3371254.
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J Storer, Jeremy, Joseph T. Chao, Andrew T Torelli, and Alexis D Ostrowski. "KnoWare: A System for Citizen-based Environmental Monitoring." In InSITE 2016: Informing Science + IT Education Conferences: Lithuania. Informing Science Institute, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/3510.
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Non-expert scientists are frequently involved in research requiring data acquisition over large geographic areas. Despite mutual benefits for such “citizen science”, barriers also exist, including 1) difficulty maintaining user engagement with timely feedback, and 2) the challenge of providing non-experts with the means to generate reliable data. We have developed a system that addresses these barriers. Our technologies, KnoWare and InSpector, allow users to: collect reliable scientific measurements, map geo-tagged data, and intuitively visualize the results in real-time. KnoWare comprises a web portal and an iOS app with two core functions. First, users can generate scientific ‘queries’ that entail a call for information posed to a crowd with customized options for participant responses and viewing data. Second, users can respond to queries with their GPS-enabled mobile device, which results in their geo- and time-stamped responses populating a web-accessible map in real time. KnoWare can also interface with additional applications to diversify the types of data that can be reported. We demonstrate this capability with a second iOS app called InSpector that performs quantitative water quality measurements. When used in combina-tion, these technologies create a workflow to facilitate the collection, sharing and interpretation of scientific data by non-expert scientists.