Relevant bibliographies by topics / Crown Hall

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Crown Hall'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 13 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Crown Hall"

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Santatecla Fayós, José, Vicente Mas Llorens, and Laura Lizondo Sevilla. "EL CROWN HALL. CONTEXTO Y PROYECTO." Proyecto, Progreso, Arquitectura, no. 1 (2010): 46–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/ppa.2010.i1.03.

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Sexton, Mark. "Restoration of Crown Hall." Heritage of Mies, no. 56 (2017): 64–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.52200/56.a.n8d72opn.

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This essay documents the research of restoration and modifications to Mies van der Rohe’s masterwork, Crown Hall, the heart of the Chicago campus of the Illinois Institute of Technology. Restoration was necessitated by 5 decades of use during which the building had fallen into major disrepair. During the restoration, practical and philosophical issues arose from the building’s landmark designation by regional and national authorities. The essay describes the forensic research that preceded design, investigation and selection of alternate materials modifications to the building envelope. This includes a detailed description of modifications balancing original materials and systems with current codes. The essay concludes by placing the restoration of Crown Hall in the larger context of preservation of modern buildings and the threat to these works which, unlike Crown Hall, are rarely protected by landmark designation.
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Joseph, Rose Maria, Ashwin P. Rao, N. Srikant, YM Karuna, and Anupama P. Nayak. "Evaluation of Changes in the Occlusion and Occlusal Vertical Dimension in Children Following the Placement of Preformed Metal Crowns Using the Hall Technique." Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 44, no. 2 (January 1, 2020): 130–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17796/1053-4625-44.2.12.

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Objectives: To evaluate the time taken and the mechanism through which the occlusion settles following the placement of a preformed metal crown (PMC) using the Hall technique. The secondary objective was to assess any temporo mandibular joint dysfunction (TMD) resulting from the Hall technique through a questionnaire. Study Design: 44 children fulfilling the inclusion criteria were evaluated for changes in overbite and occlusal vertical dimension (OVD) following the placement of preformed metal crowns (PMCs) using the Hall technique. The overbite and OVD measurements were taken before treatment, immediately post treatment, then at one, two, three and four weeks post treatment. After four weeks, a questionnaire recorded the occurrence of any signs or symptoms of TMD. Results: At the fourth week, the overbite measurement did not show a statistically significant difference (p value= 0.58) compared to baseline values indicating that the occlusion settled by the fourth week. By the third week the OVD values obtained did not show a significant difference compared to the baseline (p value= 0.42) indicating that the OVD had been restored. The questionnaire provided at the end of four weeks showed negative response for signs and symptoms of TMD in all the children. Conclusion: Any changes in occlusion following the placement of a Hall crown settles in four weeks. The OVD settles three weeks post placement implying that extrusion of teeth do not play a role in settling of the occlusion. The children do not develop any signs or symptoms of TMD post a Hall crown.
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Frohburg, Jan. "Ellington under Glass." BAc Boletín Académico. Revista de investigación y arquitectura contemporánea 9 (November 4, 2019): 45–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.17979/bac.2019.9.0.4582.

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In November 1957 Mies van der Rohe’s Crown Hall at IIT broke with convention when it became the venue for a jazz concert by Duke Ellington and his orchestra. This extraordinary event is reconstructed based on personal recollections, campus newspapers and other archival material. In the context of architectural pedagogy Crown Hall is appreciated as a supreme expression of Mies’s architectural philosophy, both for its spatial openness and its spiritual character. Here, influences from Mies’s own evolution as an architect intersected with developments in modern music and performance art it inspired. Parallels are uncovered between Ellington’s jazz and Mies’s steel and glass architecture, both distinctly American idioms that characterise post-war modernity. The Ellington concert at Crown Hall presented the perfect synthesis of people, space, light, music and nature. At the same time it attested to the disruptive potential that exists in jazz and modern architecture alike.
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Yu, Seong-Goo, Tae-Sung Jeong, and Shin Kim. "THE STAINLESS STEEL CROWN RESTORATION OF CARIOUS PRIMARY MOLARS WITH HALL TECHNIQUE : A CASE REPORT." JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN ACADEMY OF PEDTATRIC DENTISTRY 39, no. 2 (May 31, 2012): 199–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.5933/jkapd.2012.39.2.199.

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Altoukhi, Doua H., and Azza A. El-Housseiny. "Hall Technique for Carious Primary Molars: A Review of the Literature." Dentistry Journal 8, no. 1 (January 17, 2020): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/dj8010011.

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The high frequency of caries in primary teeth and its inadequate treatment are major public health problems during childhood. Nowadays, the Hall technique is one of the methods used for biological sealing in carious lesions in primary molars. Thus, the bacteria will be sealed from oral environment and the caries will be inactive. The objective of this article was to provide an updated search on the Hall technique description, indication, contraindication, advantages, concerns, success and failure, cost-effectiveness, acceptability, and preference in pediatric dentistry, and to compare the Hall technique with traditional crown preparation and conventional treatment options for carious primary molars. A discussion of the recently published articles on the Hall technique reveals that the Hall technique is considered a promising restorative option with high acceptability and longevity; with low failure rate for managing carious primary molars compared to conventional treatment modalities used in primary care settings. Furthermore, the survival rate of stainless steel crowns (SSCs) is considered high, whether provided using Hall technique or traditional preparation by a pediatric dentist. Thus, the Hall technique can be an effective addition to the clinician’s range of treatment options for carious primary molars. However, it should be chosen in restricted cases.
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Shahidehpour, Mohammad, Wenlong Gong, Marc Lopata, Shay Bahramirad, Aleksi Paaso, and Calvin Zhang. "Transforming a National Historic Landmark Into a Green Nanogrid: The Case of Crown Hall." IEEE Electrification Magazine 8, no. 4 (December 2020): 20–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mele.2020.3026437.

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Garcia-Requejo, Zaida. "Cuando menos fue más: la construcción del Crown Hall de Mies van der Rohe." Informes de la Construcción 73, no. 562 (July 12, 2021): e395. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/ic.78401.

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El S. R. Crown Hall constituye el primer ejemplo construido de espacio universal de gran luz en la trayectoria del arquitecto Ludwig Mies van der Rohe. Destinado a albergar la escuela de arquitectura de la que era director, el proyecto debía además resumir el primero de los principios sobre los que se asentaba su docencia en el Illinois Institute of Technology: la estructura como factor arquitectónico, sus posibilidades y limitaciones. Este artículo profundiza en el proceso de desarrollo del proyecto de Mies, poniéndolo en contexto con su experiencia como docente en el IIT, buscando establecer posibles conexiones entre su arquitectura y sus enseñanzas. Para ello, se compara la solución estructural definitiva con uno de los proyectos supervisados por él dentro del programa de posgrado: la vivienda de Jacques Brownson. Dos estructuras de diferente escala, pero idéntica tipología, para el desarrollo de las cuales se contó con la colaboración del ingeniero estructural Frank Kornacker.
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Taylor, Greig D. "A Change in Practice Protocol: Preformed Metal Crowns for Treating Non-Infected Carious Primary Molars in a General Practice Setting – A Service Evaluation." Primary Dental Journal 4, no. 4 (December 2015): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/205016815816682182.

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Restoring non-infected carious primary molars can pose a challenge to the general dental practitioner. This paper aims to assess the effect on primary caries management and patient experience in a general dental practice setting, when restoring non-infected carious primary molars using a Hall preformed metal crown (PMC).
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Gilchrist, F., A. G. Morgan, M. Farman, and H. D. Rodd. "Impact of the Hall technique for preformed metal crown placement on undergraduate paediatric dentistry experience." European Journal of Dental Education 17, no. 1 (April 29, 2012): e10-e15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0579.2012.00751.x.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Crown Hall"

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Karnazes, Alexander John Peter. "Three's a crowd in two-and-a-half-party systems : how third parties have undermined their own policy objectives in five post-war democracies." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/46026.

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This study examines the manners in which third parties’ electoral results and shifts in policy have affected major parties’ policy positioning. I respond to the work of Adams and Merrill (2006) and of Nagel and Wlezien (2010) by analyzing two-and-a-half-party systems that contain a centrist or a non-centrist third party. The cases include parties elected by a variety of voting systems and with various political traditions. Ultimately, I find that, over the past half-century, third parties in Austria, Canada, Germany, Ireland, and Luxembourg have regularly undermined the policy objectives most commonly associated with the these parties. A modified version of Nagel and Wlezien’s occupied-centre effect, which I call the occupied-position effect, has been present in the five examined national party systems. This finding, however, is only applicable with respect to shifts in policies that have principally been associated with third parties, what I call “key policies”, as opposed shifts in general left-right positions. The evidence presented in this study shows that the major parties in two-and-a-half-party systems have consistently responded to third-party electoral gains by becoming less supportive of third parties’ key policies. Three such policy areas are examined: welfare spending, market liberalization, and ethnonationalism. I also show that there are effects from third parties changing their own policy positions, independent of how well they do at the polls. Exacerbating the dilemma that the analyzed third parties have faced, a key-policy version of Adams and Merrill’s reverse-shift effect appears to have been present in the examined party systems. This means that the major parties have followed shifts in third parties’ policy positions by shifting their positions in the opposite directions. Thus, third parties have undermined their own policy objectives when they have expressed (and shifted to) strong key-policy positions during election campaigns. Though third parties do have a strategic option pertaining to this effect – expressing insincere, moderated policy preferences – the long-term applicability of this tactic appears limited, especially in conjunction with the problems third parties have faced regarding the occupied-position effect.
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Michel, Quentin. "A técnica de Hall em odontopediatria." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/7240.

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Objetivo: Compreender técnica de Hall, desde a sua história até à sua aplicabilidade, assim como, comparar as taxas de sucesso com outros tratamentos de lesão de cárie, através de uma revisão bibliográfica. Métodos: Pesquisa bibliográfica realizada nas bases de dados Pubmed/Medline, Cochrane Library e B-on sem limitação temporal, de artigos publicados em Inglês e Português. Descrição do tema: A abordagem biológica da lesão da cárie leva ao aparecimento de tratamentos não convencionais, cujo o objetivo é ser menos invasivo. A técnica de Hall, apoia-se sobre uma abordagem biológica da lesão de cárie dentária, cujo o principio é a colocação de uma coroa metálica pré-formada sem que haja uma preparação prévia do dente, sem o recurso à anestesia e sem a remoção da lesão de cárie.
Objective: Understanding Hall technique, from its history to its applicability, as well as compare success rates with other caries treatments through a literature review. Methods: The literature search was performed with Pubmed/Medline, Cochrane Library and B-on databases without temporal limitation, articles published in English and Portuguese. Topic description: The biological approach of caries lesion leads to the appearance of unconventional treatments, whose aim is to be less invasive. The Hall technique, based on the biological approach of dental caries lesion, whose principle is the placement of the preformed metallic crown without prior preparation of the tooth, without the use of anesthesics and without the removal of the lesion of caries.
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Lanois, Derrick. "Fatherhood of God; Brotherhood of Man: Prince Hall Affiliated Freemasonry, Manhood, and Community Building in the Jim Crow South." 2014. http://scholarworks.gsu.edu/history_diss/41.

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The dissertation examines African American Freemasons throughout the South during the Jim Crow era. The secret nature of Prince Hall Affiliated Freemasonry (PHA) has hidden the contribution and activism of the organization and its members. I argue the organization is part of a web of networks that fought for civil and human rights for African Americans. Through PHA, members are cultivated into leaders, activists, businessmen; over the years, the members have created an initiatic identity that connected them to the African American community and humanity. The significance of my study is that I analyze PHA through a womanist lens and argue the organization has a diarchal gender relationship that allows women and men to take on leadership and activist roles that differed from the normative gender relationship of their time.
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Books on the topic "Crown Hall"

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Mies van der Rohe: Crown Hall : Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, the Department of Architecture. Basel: Birkhäuser, 2001.

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Walton, Jo. Half a crown. New York: Tor, 2008.

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Johnston, Alexander Keith. The half-crown atlas of British history. Edinburgh: W. & A.K. Johnston, 1986.

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Proceedings ICOMOS Thailand International Conference 2008 "Conservation and Management of Sacred Places" (2008 Bangkok, Thailand). Kānʻanurak læ kānčhatkān pūchanīyasathān =: Proceedings ICOMOS Thailand International Conference 2008 "Conservation and Management of Sacred Places" and ICOMOS Thailand Annual meeting at Wang Ladawan Conference Hall, the Crown Property Bureau, Phitsanulok Road, Bangkok. Krung Thēp: ʻIkhōmōt Thai, 2011.

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Union of crowns: The forging of Europe's most independent state. Glasgow: Neil Wilson, 2003.

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McLaughlin, Judith. Nothing over half a crown: A personal history of the founder of the G.J. Coles stores. Victoria: Loch Haven Books, 1991.

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Mies van der Rohe, Ludwig, 1886-1969, ed. Looking for Mies. Barcelona: ACTAR, 2000.

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Mies van der Rohe: Lake Shore Drive apartments : high-rise building = wohnhochnaus. Basel: Birkhäuser, 1999.

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Blaser, Werner. Mies van der Rohe: The art of structure. New York: Whitney Library of Design, 1994.

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Mies van der Rohe, Ludwig, 1886-1969., ed. Mies van der Rohe: The art of structure = : die Kunst der Struktur. Basel: Birkhäuser, 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "Crown Hall"

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Liu, Xiang Shu, Jia Xiu Pan, Liang Yujuan, and Yu Xue. "Study on Crowd Flow Outside a Hall via Considering Velocity Distribution of Pedestrians." In Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics 2008, 277–83. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04504-2_24.

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Sternberg, Robert J. "It all started with those darn IQ tests: Half a career spent defying the crowd." In Psychologists defying the crowd: Stories of those who battled the establishment and won., 257–70. Washington: American Psychological Association, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/10483-015.

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"S.R. Crown Hall." In Reglazing Modernism, 150–57. Birkhäuser, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783035619348-018.

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"2. Refraction: The Crown." In The Constitution in a Hall of Mirrors, 26–48. University of Toronto Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/9781487515409-003.

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"Mies van der Rohe and Crown Hall." In German Façade Design, 319–55. Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315584621-11.

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Knox, Wayne H. "The Construction of the Robert B. Goergen Hall for Biomedical Engineering and The Institute of Optics." In A Jewel in the Crown II, 16–19. Boydell & Brewer, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv182jr3s.7.

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Baker, John. "The Superior Courts of Common Law." In Introduction to English Legal History, 44–59. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198812609.003.0003.

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This chapter traces the history of the superior courts of common law in Westminster Hall, after they emerged from the undifferentiated Curia Regis of the twelfth century. The most important was the Common Bench, the court for ‘common pleas’ which after 1234 was legally distinct from the court held before the king himself, the King’s Bench. A third court, the Exchequer, was meant for the king’s revenue business. By 1700 all three had become courts for common pleas, by making use of fictions: in the King’s Bench a fictional allegation of trespass in Middlesex (to put the defendant in gaol, with the aid of a writ of latitat), in the Exchequer a fictional allegation of debt to the Crown in a writ of quominus. These are explained. Such techniques did not escape controversy, and the process of jurisdictional conflict and assimilation is related.
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Hardy, Thomas. "Chapter X Mistress and men." In Far from the Madding Crowd. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780199537013.003.0012.

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Half an hour later Bathsheba in finished dress and followed by Liddy entered the upper end of the old hall to find that her men had all deposited themselves on a long form and a settle at the lower extremity. She sat down at...
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"The rights of the Crown." In Sir Matthew Hale, 1609–1676, 42–57. Cambridge University Press, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511720994.004.

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"The Mixed Crowd." In How the Other Half Lives, 22–28. Harvard University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1p6hntz.11.

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Conference papers on the topic "Crown Hall"

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Stuart, Daniel, Keith Christensen, Anthony Chen, Yong Kim, and YangQuan Chen. "Utilizing Augmented Reality Technology for Crowd Pedestrian Analysis Involving Individuals With Disabilities." In ASME 2013 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2013-12765.

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This research explores how different compositions of Individuals with Disabilities (IwDs) affect the dynamics of crowd movement. In particular, we consider IwDs such as individuals on manual and electric wheelchair, with vision loss and other mobility impairments to better understand the impacts that the compositions of individuals with various types of disabilities will bring on the mobility of the crowd at various structural elements of a built environment such as hall way, door way, and stairwells. While currently available video tracking technologies provide options for primitive macroscopic and microscopic analysis of a crowd, they lack the ability to analyze detailed navigational information of each focused group such as IwDs with varying types of disabilities. This paper provides an approach that exploits ARToolKitPlus libraries and Power-over-Ethernet high speed cameras along with augmented reality elements to track navigational patterns at individual level in a crowd. Preliminary results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed system to track individual tracking of navigational patterns.
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Ong, Chong Yong, Kok Keong Choong, Tai Boon Ong, Kenny Chia, and Wong Fook Kan. "Design and Construction of Triple-Span Precast Concrete Open Spandrel Arch Bridge." In IABSE Conference, Kuala Lumpur 2018: Engineering the Developing World. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/kualalumpur.2018.0925.

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<p>Design and construction of a triple-span precast concrete open spandrel arch bridge over a river for an integrated commercial and residential development project is presented. Due to the bridge skew angle and necessity for the newly constructed bridge to serve as one of the landmark along the river for this project, a triple-span precast arch bridge with open-spandrel concept was designed with special consideration to aspect of speedy construction. Precast construction technique was adopted with three main precast concrete components, namely open-spandrel supporting arch frame, tie beam and plank for composite slab. Arch span of 19m with rise of 4.25m, and arch span of 25.0m with rise of 5.0m were designed respectively for two side spans and middle span of the bridge. The main supporting arch component was made of two units of half arches joined at the crown with a specially designed joint. Besides the traffic loading, the design of these supporting arches was carried out taking into account aspect of transportation of the precast unit to site and also aspect of ease of erection at site. After the two supporting arch units and tie-beams were launched using cranes, special joint at the crown was cast to form a rigid arch frame. The construction process of the precast arch bridge with minimal number of joints connecting specially designed precast units meet the construction time frame and budget set by the client.</p>
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Brusa, Enrica, and Chiara Stanga. "Architettura fortificata tra conservazione e riuso: i progetti di restauro novecenteschi del forte di Castelfranco a Finale Ligure." In FORTMED2020 - Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean. Valencia: Universitat Politàcnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11501.

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Fortified architecture between preservation and reuse strategies: the twentieth century restoration projects of Castelfranco in Finale LigureThe town of Finale Ligure, situated on the western coast of Liguria, was the site of the Del Carretto Marquisate until the sixteenth century. After that, it was under the control of the Spanish Crown (seventeenth century) and it has been an independent territory of the Republic of Genoa for a long time. The three castles were built on the top of Finale hills and they were the symbol of its independence. Gavone castle, established on the top of the historical town, has been the site of the Marquisate since the twelfth century. S. Giovanni castle was built by the Spanish in order to improve the town defensive system in the second half of the seventeenth century. Castelfranco, built by the Genoese in the fourteenth century, was rehashed many times by the Spanish and in the nineteenth century by the Savoia family. The three castles still recall these historical events and are therefore witnesses of the Finale present and past history. They are the result of the different transformations occurred over the centuries. In recent times, Castelfranco has been opened to the public and today it houses art exhibitions and cultural events. The restoration of the castle is the last step of a long-lasting rehabilitation project history that has been developed since the 1900s, when the Municipality suggested to turn it into a hotel. The article analyses the restoration projects of Castelfranco that have been carried out in the first half of the twentieth century, which had different methodologies and approaches. Though this study the article highlights the perception that the town had about the castle, identifying the changes in the balance between reuse and conservation strategies after the first Italian preservation laws.
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Bevià i Garcia, Màrius, Juan Antonio Mira Rico, Jaime Manuel Giner Martínez, and José Ramón Ortega Pérez. "Arqueología e investigación documental: las defensas pre-abaluartadas de Alacant (España)." In FORTMED2020 - Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean. Valencia: Universitat Politàcnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11341.

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Archaeology and documentary research: the first bastioned fortifications of Alacant (Spain)In the Courts of the Crown of Aragon held in Monzón (Huesca, 1528) it was raised the need to organise the coast defence of the Kingdom of Valencia through a series of fortification works and the creation and maintenance of militias in order to avoid the attacks and incursions of the Turks and the Berber corsairs. In Alacant (1533), under the auspice of the Duke of Calabria, viceroy of the Kingdom of Valencia, and the design of Joan de Cervelló, noble, military and engineer of King Carlos I and with great experience in artillery and fortification of cities, three bastions were built taking advantage of the medieval walls: Sant Francesc, Sant Bertomeu and Sant Sebastià. These improvement works on the walls continued with the rise of two more towers that protected the gate (Puerta del Mar or Montserrat). The bastions had a circular plan and an escarp elevation up to their half and vertical until the crowning, besides a low armed parapet. They were demolished because of the urban renovations that Alacant experienced during the nineteenth century. However, the historical planimetry, engraving images and photographs, as well as the archaeological excavations carried out in them allow to know their morphology and materials, which are explained in this paper.
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Pappaccogli, Gianluca, Riccardo Buccolieri, Giuseppe Maggiotto, Laura S. Leo, Gennaro Rispoli, Francesco Micocci, and Silvana Di Sabatino. "The Effects of Trees on Micrometeorology in a Medium-Size Mediterranean City: In Situ Experiments and Numerical Simulations." In ASME 2014 4th Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the ASME 2014 12th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2014-21566.

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This study analyses the aerodynamic effects of trees on local meteorological variables through in situ measurements and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations. Measurements are taken in the inner core of a medium-size Mediterranean city (Lecce, IT) where two adjacent street canyons of aspect ratio H/W∼1 (where H is the average building height and W is the average width of the street) with and without trees are investigated. Building façades and ground temperatures are estimated from infrared (IR) images, while flow and turbulence are measured through three ultrasonic anemometers placed at different heights close to a building façade at half length of the canyon. Tree crown porosity is evaluated through the Leaf Area Index (LAI) measured by a ceptometer. Numerical simulations are made using a CFD code equipped with the Reynolds Stress Model (RSM) for the treatment of turbulence. Overall, the analysis of measurements shows that trees considerably reduce the longitudinal wind speed up to 30%. Trees alter the typical diurnal cycle of surface and air temperature within the canyon, suggesting that in nocturnal hours the trapping of heat is more important than the power of passive cooling through evapo-transpiration. Comparative numerical simulations provide further evidence that flow velocity reduces in presence of trees and although the typical wind channeling observed without trees is still maintained, trees enhance the formation of a corner vortex leading to reverse flow at the openings of the street. The reduction of the exchange of momentum between the canyon and the atmosphere above, shown by the measurements in presence of trees is confirmed by numerical simulations.
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Cummings, Scott M. "Prediction of Rolling Contact Fatigue Using Instrumented Wheelsets." In ASME 2008 Rail Transportation Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/rtdf2008-74013.

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The measured wheel/rail forces from four wheels in the leading truck of a coal hopper car during one revenue service roundtrip were used to by the Wheel Defect Prevention Research Consortium (WDPRC) to predict rolling contact fatigue (RCF) damage. The data was recorded in March 2005 by TTCI for an unrelated Strategic Research Initiatives project funded by the Association of American Railroads (AAR). RCF damage was predicted in only a small portion of the approximately 4,000 km (2,500 miles) for which data was analyzed. The locations where RCF damage was predicted to occur were examined carefully by matching recorded GPS and train speed/distance data with track charts. RCF is one way in which wheels can develop tread defects. Thermal mechanical shelling (TMS) is a subset of wheel shelling in which the heat from tread braking reduces a wheel’s fatigue resistance. RCF and TMS together are estimated to account for approximately half of the total wheel tread damage problem [1]. Other types of tread damage can result from wheel slides. The work described in this paper is concerning pure RCF, without regard to temperature effects or wheel slide events. It is important that the limitations of the analysis in this paper are recognized. The use of pre-existing data that was recorded two years prior to the analysis ruled out the possibility of determining the conditions of the track when the data was recorded (rail profile, friction, precise track geometry). Accordingly, the wheel/rail contact stress was calculated with an assumed rail crown profile radius of 356-mm (14 inches). RCF was predicted using shakedown theory, which does not account for wear and is the subject of some continuing debate regarding the exact conditions required for fatigue damage. The data set analyzed represents the wheel/rail forces from two wheelsets in a single, reasonably well maintained car. Wheelsets in other cars may produce different results. With this understanding, the following conclusions are made. - RCF damage is predicted to accumulate only at a small percentage of the total distance traveled. - RCF damage is predicted to accumulate on almost every curve 4 degrees or greater. - RCF damage is primarily predicted to accumulate while the car is loaded. - RCF damage is predicted to accumulate more heavily on the wheelset in the leading position of the truck than the trailing wheelset. - No RCF damage was predicted while the test car was on mine property. - Four unique curves (8 degrees, 7 degrees, 6 degrees, and 4 degrees) accounted for nearly half of the predicted RCF damage of the loaded trip. In each case, the RCF damage was predicted to accumulate on the low-rail wheel of the leading wheelset. - Wayside flange lubricators are located near many of the locations where RCF damage was predicted to accumulate, indicating that simply adding wayside lubricators will not solve the RCF problem. - The train was typically being operated below the balance speed of the curve when RCF damage was predicted to occur. - The worst track locations for wheel RCF tend to be on curves of 4 degrees or higher. For the route analyzed in this work, the worst locations for wheel RCF tended to be bunched in urban areas, where tight curvature generally prevails.
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7

Bandyopadhyay, Promode R. "Flying Fish Sculls to Taxi and Perturbs Wing Lift With Travelling Waves to Land." In ASME 2016 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the ASME 2016 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2016 14th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2016-7507.

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Abstract:
The top 200 meters of oceans abound in life forms since photosynthesis is possible in that layer. Competition and predator-prey (swordfish-flying fish, 102–104 to 1 mass ratio) interactions are intense here. Chased by predators, a flying fish (FF) — a pleuston — frantically escapes from the water and becomes airborne. Here we report the visual observations of oceanic surface and body distortions of FF to surmise the mechanisms of propulsion during taxiing and landing. FF leaps, not when it is chased, but when the additional energy required for further increase in speed underwater exceeds that required to leap.1 The higher metabolic cost of transport of regular flapping flight in air than in water is circumvented by gliding. We examine the BBCTV video2 by Richard Attenborough, the noted naturalist. An FF may camber its wings like parafoils and may also twist the outer half of the wings during taxiing and climbing. To produce thrust during taxiing, the FF sculls with the lower lobe of the tail fin to produce a reverse Karman vortex jet; there is rapid flicking of the lower lobe of the tail fin tangentially over the surface. The body acts as a chaotic damped and driven pendulum to produce the high-velocity wide flick. To damp after takeoff, it becomes a single asymmetric pendulum. Unpowered (foil) gliding follows. For descent, the wings are shaped, untwisted parafoils and, just prior to touchdown, travelling waves are superimposed, producing, in contrast to taxiing, an impressively smooth small-angle-of-attack tail touchdown on water without any nose-down. The spiked crowns of Richtmyer-Meshkov interface instability are visible on the ocean surface during leaping but not during landing. Trailing hydraulic jumps are observable during landing but not during leaping. The leap is a high-acceleration and Weber number dominated (inertia/capillary forces) phenomenon, but the landing involves little impact force and is dominated by Froude number forces (inertia/gravity forces). The evidence suggests that, prior to leaping and while still underwater, the FF reads the surface wind direction to align the flight path.
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