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Journal articles on the topic 'Crown witness'
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1
Suari, Ni Made Elly Pradnya, I. Made Minggu Widyantara, and Ni Made Sukaryati Karma. "Kedudukan dan Perlindungan Saksi Mahkota dalam Tindak Pidana Pencurian dengan Kekerasan (Studi Kasus Pengadilan Negeri Denpasar)." Jurnal Interpretasi Hukum 1, no. 1 (August 20, 2020): 210–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.22225/juinhum.1.1.2213.210-215.
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The presence of witnesses in the evidence is the keyword in disclosing the facts of criminal cases. The crown witness is often present at court. However, there are many differences of opinion in the Jurisprudence regarding the use of crown witnesses in court because there is no legal regulation that explicitly regulates the use of crown witnesses in criminal justice. Based on these problems, this study described how the protection of the rights of defendants as crown witnesses in criminal acts of theft with violence and how the position of crown witnesses in criminal acts of theft with violence. This research was designed using a normative legal research method and a conceptual approach. In the Criminal Procedure Code, there is no prohibition for a defendant to provide information for other defendants as far as using a splitsing system so that defendants who are crown witnesses still receive legal protection. The decision of the Supreme Court Number 1942 K / PID / 2012 which in its verification process used a crown witness. In this case, the public prosecutor presented the crown witness due to the lack of evidence especially witness testimony evidence. The role of the crown witness is very important to uncover criminal events because the defendant knows, sees, and commits criminal theft with violence. The result of this study showed that the protection of the rights of the defendant as a crown witness is equated with the rights of the defendant in general, which is regulated in Article 50 to Article 68 of the Criminal Procedure Code and witness rights set out in Article 5 of Law Number 31 of 2014. The position of the crown witness is justified in proof-based on the Circular Attorney General's Office of the Republic of Indonesia Number B-69 / E / 02/1997 of 1997 concerning Proof Law in Criminal Cases.
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Ghonu, Ismail, Andi Muhammad Sofyan, and Nur Azisa. "The role of the Crown Witness in the Process of Proving Criminal Cases in Indonesia." Musamus Law Review 1, no. 1 (December 22, 2018): 21–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.35724/mularev.v1i1.737.
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The research issue focuses on the examination of crown witnesses in the process of establishing criminal cases in Indonesia. The examination of the crown witnesses is necessary because law enforcement officers find it difficult to find evidence, other than the testimony of witnesses of the perpetrators themselves in order to find material truth that can be justified. The result of the research shows that the role of the crown witness in the criminal prosecution process is very significant, that is to find the material truth, so that the fast and simple proof process fulfills the minimum standard of proof, upholds public justice against the perpetrators and determines the demands of each actor in accordance with its role. The need for legal protection against the crown witness and the need for a policy of reform of criminal procedure law through the refinement of the Criminal Procedure Code relating to the content of witness material of the crown firmly and limitatively in the future.
Keywords: Evidence; Criminal; Crown Witness
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Sumariartha Suara, I. Putu Gede. "REFORMULASI KEWENANGAN PENUNTUT UMUM TERHADAP PENERAPAN SAKSI MAHKOTA DALAM PEMBUKTIAN TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI." Jurnal Magister Hukum Udayana (Udayana Master Law Journal) 6, no. 3 (January 11, 2018): 369. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jmhu.2017.v06.i03.p08.
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Regarding the regulation and application of the crown witness by the public prosecutor in handling corruption case as stated in the Criminal Law of Formil applicable in Indonesia in this case KUHAP (Indonesian Criminal Procedural Law Code) especially Article 142 Indonesian Criminal Procedural Law Code still cause the existence of obscurity of norm so that in practice of judiciary there is no definite measure about application criteria a crown witness by a public prosecutor in the proof of a criminal case, especially a criminal act of corruption. As for the matters discussed in this regard that is about 1) Arrangement of the Public Prosecutor's Authority on the application of the crown witness in the proving of corruption crime according to the perspective of Indonesian Positive Law (Ius Constitutum) covers the setting up of the crown witnesses in positive law in Indonesia as well as comparative regulation of crown witnesses in the United States and the Netherlands and 2) Formulation of Authority for the Public Prosecutor on the application of the crown witness in the proving of corruption in accordance with the perspective of the coming Law (ius Constituendum) includes the appropriate term used to mention the crown witness, the limits of the application of the crown witness, the plea bargain adaptation system in the Positive Law in Indonesia, the requirements of being a crown witness, the proper punishment of the crown witness and the formulation of Article 142 of the Indonesian Criminal Procedural Law Code so as to grant the limitative authority to the Public Prosecutor against the application of the crown witness
Mengenai pengaturan dan penerapan saksi mahkota oleh penuntut umum dalam penanganan perkara tindak pidana korupsi sebagaimana tercantum dalam Hukum Pidana Formil yang berlaku di Indonesia dalam hal ini yaitu KUHAP khususnya Pasal 142 KUHAP masih menimbulkan adanya kekaburan norma sehingga dalam praktek peradilan belum terdapat ukuran yang pasti mengenai kriteria penerapan saksi mahkota oleh penuntut umum dalam pembuktian suatu perkara pidana khususnya tindak pidana korupsi. Adapun yang dibahas dalam hal ini yaitu mengenai 1) Pengaturan Kewenangan Penuntut Umum terhadap penerapan saksi mahkota dalam pembuktian tindak pidana korupsi menurut perspektif Hukum Positif Indonesia (Ius Constitutum) meliputi pengaturan saksi mahkota dalam hukum positif di Indonesia serta perbandingan pengaturan saksi mahkota di Negara Amerika Serikat dan Belanda dan 2) Formulasi Kewenangan Bagi Penuntut Umum terhadap penerapan saksi mahkota dalam pembuktian tindak pidana korupsi menurut perspektif Hukum yang akan datang (Ius Constituendum) meliputi istilah yang tepat dipakai untuk menyebutkan saksi mahkota, batas-batas penerapan saksi mahkota, adaptasi plea bargain system dalam Hukum Positif di Indonesia, syarat-syarat menjadi saksi mahkota, pemidanaan yang tepat diterapkan terhadap saksi mahkota serta formulasi Pasal 142 KUHAP sehingga memberikan kewenangan secara limitatif kepada Penuntut Umum terhadap penerapan saksi mahkota.
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Leriwahyuli, Imra. "KEKUATAN PEMBUKTIAN SAKSI MAHKOTA PADA PERKARA PEMUFAKATAN JAHAT DALAM TINDAK PIDANA NARKOTIKA." UNES Journal of Swara Justisia 5, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.31933/ujsj.v5i1.195.
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The Evidence Power of Crown Witnesses in Decision Number 400/Pid Sus/2019/PN.Pdg With 401/Pid Sus/2019/PN.Pdg And Decision Number 09/Pid Sus/2019/Pn.Pdg With 10/Pid Sus/2019/PN .Pdg is the same as other witnesses if they have met the requirements as witnesses. The crown witness in the narcotics crime case is the main witness to reveal the crime. The use of crown witnesses is very important because in this criminal act it is very difficult to find witnesses who can explain the chronology of a case because there are no victims and more than one perpetrator. The application of the Penalty in the Decision is a violation of Article 114 of the Narcotics Law. both defendants were guilty of violating Article 114 paragraph (1) of Law Jo, Article 132 paragraph (1) of Law no. 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics. The judge handed down the same sentence.
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Febriani, Nadia, Haryadi Haryadi, and Dessy Rakhmawaty. "Penggunaan Saksi Mahkota (Kroongetuige) dalam Pembuktian di Persidangan Terhadap Tindak Pidana Narkotika." PAMPAS: Journal of Criminal Law 1, no. 2 (April 23, 2021): 43–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.22437/pampas.v1i2.9614.
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ABSTRAK Tujuan artikel ini adalah untuk mengetahui penggunaan saksi mahkota (Kroongetuige) dalam pembuktian di persidangan dan Kekuatan saksi mahkota sebagai alat bukti dalam pembuktian tindak pidana narkotika. Dengan menggunakan metode yuridis normative, Artikel ini menunjukkan penggunaan saksi mahkota (kroongetuige) dalam pembuktian di persidangan terhadap tindak pidana narkotika diterapkan untuk mencari dan mendapatkan kebenaran materil dalam perkara penyertaan, dan berkas perkara telah dipisah, serta terdapat kekurangan alat bukti keterangan saksi yang mengetahui secara terperinci tindak pidana yang dilakukan bersama-sama dan penggunaan saksi mahkota tergantung dari kebijakan hakim dan kekuatan saksi mahkota sebagai alat bukti dalam pembuktian tindak pidana narkotika mempunyai nilai kekuatan pembuktian apabila saksi mahkota dinyatakan sah sebagai alat bukti keterangan saksi dengan memberikan keterangan didepan persidangan dan telah disumpah terlebih dahulu serta keterangan yang diberikan bersesuaian dengan keterangan saksi lain maupun alat bukti lain serta ditambah dengan keyakinan hakim. ABSTRACT The purpose of this article is to study the Use of the Crown Witness (Kroongetuige) in Proof in Trials Against Narcotics Crimes. How to use the Crown Witness (Kroongetuige) in Proof in Trial Against Narcotics and How the Strength of the Crown Witness Uses Evidence in Proving Narcotics Crimes. The research method used is a normative juridical method with agreement, conceptual agreement and case access. This article discusses the use of crown witnesses (kroongetuige) in evidence in trials of narcotic crimes applied to search for and obtain material truth in inclusion cases, and forged cases posted, and also the reporting tools for complaints that are used together and the use of crowns depending the judge's policy and the power of the crown as evidence in proving narcotics crime has a value of proof power. Having fun with other statements besides evidence is also added to the judge's conviction.
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Rahman, Habibie, Lilik Purwastuty, and Dessy Rakhmawati. "Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Saksi Mahkota dalam Proses Pemeriksaan Perkara Pidana." PAMPAS: Journal of Criminal Law 1, no. 3 (April 23, 2021): 120–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.22437/pampas.v1i3.11088.
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This research discusses the issue of Legal Protection for Crown Witnesses in the Criminal Case Investigation Process.The results showed that the implementation of protection for crown witnesses was considered to have been implemented. This can be seen from the many forms of protection that can be provided to witnesses, especially crown witnesses, in the form of physical, psychological and legal protection. Physical and psychological protection is in the form of protection for personal safety and freedom from threats and pressure from other parties. Meanwhile, the form of legal protection in the form of witnesses cannot be prosecuted legally, either criminal or civil, for their testimony and special handling for witnesses who are also perpetrators of the same crime (crown witness). This shows that there is an effort to realize the legal rules regarding legal protection for crown witnesses. In order to achieve better legal protection for crown witnesses, it is necessary to increase the socialization of legal rules related to witness protection to the public so that the public will better understand that there is a mechanism of legal rules regulating the protection of a crown witness. Abstrak Penelitian ini membahas masalah Perlindungan Hukum terhadap Saksi Mahkota dalam Proses Pemeriksaan Perkara Pidana. Selanjutnya data yang diperoleh baik melalui studi kepustakaan maupun hasil wawancara dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, pelaksanaan perlindungan terhadap saksi mahkota dinilai telah terlaksana hal ini dapat di lihat dari banyaknya bentuk perlindungan yang dapat diberikan kepada saksi khususnya saksi mahkota, baik dalam bentuk perlindungan fisik, psikis maupun hukum. Bentuk perlindungan fisik dan psikis berupa Perlindungan atas keamanan diri serta bebas dari ancaman dan tekanan pihak lain. Sedangkan bentuk perlindungan hukum berupa Saksi tidak dapat dituntut secara hukum baik pidana maupun perdata atas kesaksiannya dan Penanganan secara khusus bagi saksi yang juga pelaku tindak pidana yang sama (saksi mahkota). Hal ini menunjukkan adanya upaya realisasi dari aturan-aturan hukum tentang perlindungan hukum terhadap saksi mahkota. Untuk mewujutkan perlindungan hukum terhadap saksi mahkota yang lebih baik perlu adanya upaya peningkatan sosialisasi aturan-aturan hukum terkait perlindungan saksi kepada masyarakat dengan demikian masyarakat akan lebih memahami bahwa ada suatu mekanisme aturan hukum yang mengatur perlindungan terhadap seorang saksi mahkota.
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Yanti, Ni Kadek Dripta, and I. Ketut Mertha. "EKSISTENSI SAKSI MAHKOTA DALAM PROSES PERADILAN PIDANA DI INDONESIA BERDASARKAN ASAS NON SELF INCRIMINATION." Kertha Semaya : Journal Ilmu Hukum 8, no. 12 (December 3, 2020): 1928. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/ks.2020.v08.i12.p10.
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Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui (1) eksistensi saksi mahkota dalam proses peradilan pidana di Indonesia berdasarkan asas non self incrimination; dan (2) perlindungan hukum terhadap saksi mahkota. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa (1) Eksistensi saksi mahkota dalam proses peradilan pidana di Indonesia berdasarkan asas non self incrimination sudah lazim digunakan. Kehadiran saksi mahkota baru dikatakan tidak bertentangan dengan asas non self incrimination jika dilakukan sesuai dengan apa yang diatur dalam Pasal 199 jo. Pasal 200 Rancangan KUHAP versi Januari 2009; dan (2) Perlindungan hukum terhadap saksi mahkota, seperti perlindungan terhadap saksi sebagaimana diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2006 tentang Perlindungan Saksi dan Korban, namun kepada saksi mahkota diberikan juga keringanan hukuman bahkan dibebaskan dari penuntutan jika peranannya dianggap yang paling ringan.
The objective of this research to reveal (1) the existence of a crown witness in the criminal justice process in Indonesia based on the principle of non self-incrimination; and (2) legal protection of crown witnesses. The result of this research indicates that (1) The existence of crown witnesses in criminal justice processes in Indonesia based on the principle of non-self-incrimination is commonly used. The presence of a new crown witness is said not to contradict the principle of non-self-incrimination if it is carried out in accordance with Article 199 jo. Article 200 of the January 2009 version of the Draft Criminal Procedure Code; and (2) Legal protection for crown witnesses, such as protection for witnesses as regulated in Law Number 13 of 2006 concerning Protection of Witnesses and Victims, however crown witnesses are also given leniency and even exemption from prosecution if their role is considered the lightest.
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Riding, Allison. "The Crown Court Witness Service: Little Help in the Witness Box." Howard Journal of Criminal Justice 38, no. 4 (November 1999): 411–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2311.00144.
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Amiruddin, Muh. "PERAN SAKSI MAHKOTA DALAM PERKARA PIDANA KORUPSI DI PENGADILAN NEGERI MAKASSAR." Jurisprudentie : Jurusan Ilmu Hukum Fakultas Syariah dan Hukum 4, no. 2 (December 5, 2017): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.24252/jurisprudentie.v4i2.4059.
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The research was carried out in the city of Makassar, Sulawesi Sealatan that is at the State Prosecutor's Office Makassar and Makassar District Court. This study aims to determine the strength of the witness evidence of crown in legislation and to know the implementation of the crown witness in a criminal testimony in the Makassar District Court. The result of the research shows that the strength of Mahkota witness evidence is the same as the witness in general and is in accordance with the applicable law.Keywords: Mahkota Witness, Corruption Penelitian dilakasanakan di kota Makassar, Sulawesi Sealatan yaitu pada instansi Kejaksaan Negeri Makassar dan Pengadilan Negeri Makassar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kekuatan alat bukti saksi mahkota dalam perundang-undangan dan untuk mengetahui implementasi saksi mahkota dalam kesaksian pidana di Pengadilan Negeri Makassar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pada dasarnya kekuatan alat bukti saksi Mahkota sama seperti saksi pada umumnya dan sudah sesuai dengan ketentuan hukum yang berlaku.Kata kunci : Saksi Mahkota, Korupsi
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Kurniawan, Zahri, Ilham Wahyudi, and H. S. Tisnanta. "The Right Non Self-Incrimination and Epistemology of Criminal Witnesses." Fiat Justisia: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 14, no. 4 (July 28, 2020): 363. http://dx.doi.org/10.25041/fiatjustisia.v14no4.1988.
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The absence of a clear normative interpretation related to witnesses who are also criminal perpetrators in the Indonesian court has controversy on the theoretical level. In practice, the practitioners adopt a concept known in other countries. However, in adopting ideas from other countries, practitioners are often trapped in practitioners’ paradigms. Translating the perpetrators’ witnesses such as crown witnesses, justice collaborators (JC), and whistleblowers (wb,) are not the concepts comprehensively. In the end, the witness being denied the rights of the perpetrators, namely right non-self-incrimination. The paper offers a concept for finding solutions in the use of witnesses who are also as criminal perpetrators in epistemological basis. These considerations are used to provide a coherent way based on the principle to justify the use of witness evidence from the criminal perpetrators. The purpose is to accord with the principle of due process of law, not to clash the principle of non-self-incrimination in proving the search of material truth.
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Heckl, Steffen M., Lukas Kercher, Samir Abdullazade, Carolin Schneider, Sandra Krüger, Hans-Michael Behrens, Susanne Sebens, Heiner Schäfer, Stefan Schreiber, and Christoph Röcken. "Insulin Receptor in Pancreatic Cancer—Crown Witness in Cross Examination." Cancers 13, no. 19 (October 5, 2021): 4988. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13194988.
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Background: The proximity of pancreatic cancer (PDAC) to the physiological source of the growth promoting hormone insulin might be exploited by this highly malignant cancer entity. We investigated if (I) PDACs express the insulin receptor (IR) in cancer cells and cancer vasculature, (II) if IR correlates with clinicopathological patient characteristics, including survival, and hence is involved in PDAC biology, (III) if IR is already expressed in precursor lesions, if (IV) the IGF1 receptor (IGF1R) is associated with clinicopathological patient characteristics and survival and (V) is linked to IR expression. Methods: 160 PDAC samples were examined for IR and IGF1R expression by immunohistochemistry. A modified HistoScore was correlated with clinicopathological characteristics and survival. Results: IR overexpression was already observed in pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia. Furthermore, it was more frequently observed in advanced disease and associated with distant metastasis, UICC stage, lymphatic invasion and an increased lymph node ratio, but without impacting survival in the end. IGF1R expression was not associated with clinicopathological parameters or survival, in contrast to former paradigms. Conclusions: We hypothesize that the close proximity to the pancreatic islets might be advantageous for cancer growth at first, but it experiences self-limitation due to surgical removal or local destruction following accelerated cancer growth.
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Ivičević Karas, Elizabeta, Zoran Burić, and Matko Pajčić. "COLLABORATORS OF JUSTICE: COMPARATIVE LEGAL SOLUTIONS AND CROATIAN CRIMINAL PROCEDURAL LAW." Pravni vjesnik 37, no. 1 (April 2021): 35–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/pv/13602.
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This paper analyses the procedural position of “collaborators of justice” – (potential) suspects or defendants who choose to cooperate with the authorities by contributing to the detection and prosecution of other serious crimes and perpetrators, primarily by testifying before the court. The aim of the study is to provide an overview of consensual forms and measures of reward for collaborators of justice in comparative law and then to analyse the legal position of a crown witness and a person granted witness immunity, as “collaborators of justice”, in Croatian criminal procedural law. The study is conducted through a comparative legal perspective and with regard to certain issues that have so far been problematised in the scientific and professional literature and in domestic jurisprudence, and which include: the specific goal of these consensual forms and the application of the principle of proportionality, the discretion of the state attorney and judicial control, the procedural and defence rights, and, finally, victims’ rights. Special attention is given to an analysis of the jurisprudence of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Croatia and its legal standards, particularly concerning certain issues of the legality of the examination of a crown witness, as well as the legality of examination of a person granted witness immunity.
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Rix, Keith J. B. "The psychiatrist as expert witness. Part 2: criminal cases and the Royal College of Psychiatrists' guidance." Advances in Psychiatric Treatment 14, no. 2 (March 2008): 109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/apt.bp.107.004416.
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Psychiatrists reporting in criminal cases in England and Wales are now governed by the Criminal Procedure Rules on expert evidence and these will require changes to the format and content of psychiatrists' reports in criminal proceedings. This article sets out the new rules and also draws attention to additional requirements made by the Court of Appeal and, when instructed by the police or the Crown Prosecution Service, by the Crown Prosecution Service. It also draws attention to the report of the Scoping Group on Court Work of the Royal College of Psychiatrists.
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Kobielska, Maria, and Aleksandra Szczepan. "Testimoniality: A lexicon of witnesses of Holocaust non-sites of memory in Poland." International Journal of Heritage, Memory and Conflict 1 (November 23, 2021): 25–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/hmc.1.63306.
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The authors analyse grassroots modalities of the figure of witness in the communities living in the vicinity of uncommemorated sites of past violence. Testimoniality, understood as the disposition to bear witness, i.e. both the willingness to testify and the ability to provide important information, is discussed in relation to complex, heterogenic and dynamic assemblages that form around the sites in question, comprising both human (neighbours, wardens) and non-human actors (the landscape and biotope, material objects), diverse practices, performative gestures, and relations. The analysis is placed in the context of the debate on the complicated status of the “witness” as a category in the Polish post-war culture of memory, as well as of new relevant categories emerging in both Polish and international scholarship on the Holocaust. The authors conceptually systematise testimonial situations and propose a lexicon of testimonial positions, practices and objects that are grounded in the material gathered in fieldwork during the research project on unmemorialised sites of genocide in Poland. They distinguish: the crown witness, the trustee, the volunteer, the official and the contingent witness, and discuss categories of testimonial gesture, testimonial performance, testimonial object, and testimonial words.
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Cretney, Antonia, and Paul Rock. "The Social World of an English Crown Court: Witness and Professionals in the Crown Court Centre at Wood Green." British Journal of Sociology 46, no. 1 (March 1995): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/591644.
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Ping, Larry L. "Gustav Freytag, theReichsgründung,and the National Liberal Origins of theSonderweg." Central European History 45, no. 4 (December 2012): 605–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938912000623.
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In the opening passage of his memoirs, Gustav Freytag (1816–95) mused that the secret of his literary success came down to the fact that his life “on the whole, resembles the life experience (Bildungsgang) of thousands of my contemporaries.” A century of scholarship on theKaiserreichhas validated Freytag's claim to serve as crown witness for thementalitéof his generation.
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Munday, Roderick. "The Paradox of Cross-Examination to Credit—Simply Too Close for Comfort." Cambridge Law Journal 53, no. 2 (July 1994): 303–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008197300099062.
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Any defendant with a criminal record, who takes the witness-stand, must beware the snares of section 1(f) of the Criminal Evidence Act 1898. The shield this statute confers, once described by Viscount Sankey as “one of the most deeply rooted and jealously guarded principles of our criminal law”, which forbids the prosecution or any co-accused from questioning him on his previous convictions and general bad character, can be forfeited in three ways. An accused may variously adduce evidence of his good character, cast imputations on the character of the prosecutor or the witnesses for the Crown, or give evidence against a co-accused: in each of these circumstances, under sub-provisos (ii) and (iii) of section 1(f), cross-examination of the accused on his bad character then becomes permissible with the leave of the judge. Although there is a frail argument that such evidence may go to issue, the overwhelming preponderance of authority holds
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Volevodz, A. G., and P. A. Litvishko. "Institution of a Crown Witness: Concise Comparative Analysis of the Law of Some Countries of Europe and Russia." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 2(17) (April 28, 2011): 226–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2011-2-17-226-234.
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Coufalová, Bronislava. "Special case of temporary suspension of criminal prosecution (§ 159C and § 159D of the Criminal Procedure Code): an effective legal instrument in the fight against corruption or covert introduction of the institution of crown witness?" Forum Polityki Kryminalnej, no. 1 (June 29, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.31261/fpk.2021.01.05.
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Corruption is one of the most dangerous phenomena of contemporary society. So it is no wonder that the legislator and the whole society are always looking for new ways to effectively combat such negative phenomena. However, corruption has one specific feature, which is high latency, compared to other forms of crime. Given that corruption is characterized by a high degree of latency, it is understandable that traditional means of criminal law are unable to ensure effective detection and prosecution of this type of crime. There is a relatively new procedural legal instrument in the fight against corruption in Section 159c and 159d of the Criminal Procedure Code. However, the question is whether this new provision is not merely a covert introduction of the institution of the crown witness into the Czech legal order.
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JANSEN, BERTHE. "The Monastic Guidelines (bCa’ yig) by Sidkeong Tulku: Monasteries, Sex and Reform in Sikkim." Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 24, no. 4 (April 3, 2014): 597–622. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1356186313000850.
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AbstractSidkeong Namgyal Tulku was a colourful figure in the history of Sikkim. This crown prince was an incarnated lama as well as a student at Oxford, and a member of the Royal Asiatic Society. This article considers the various roles of Sidkeong Tulku in the light of a Tibetan work by his hand, which has been previously not connected to his person. Written in 1909, it consists of ‘monastic guidelines’ (bCa’ yig) which are a clear witness to the time and circumstances they were written in. This traditionally framed work, authored by a supposed Buddhist modernist, addresses the education of monks, monastic economy, sex, and preaching to the laity. These guidelines shed light on the changing status of the monastery in Sikkim, in the midst of reforms and threats to Sikkimese sovereignty. In this article I examine the contents of these guidelines in the context of its author's eventful but short life, against the political, religious and social backdrop of a Buddhist kingdom in turmoil.
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Sugiri, Bambang, Nurini Aprilianda, and Hanif Hartadi. "The Position of Convict as Justice Collaborator in Revealing Organized Crime." PADJADJARAN Jurnal Ilmu Hukum (Journal of Law) 8, no. 2 (2021): 255–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.22304/pjih.v8n2.a5.
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This article aims to examine the position of the convict as justice collaborator in revealing organized crime. A justice collaborator can assist law enforcement officers. The background of the study is the concept of crown witness, which is often used in proving criminal cases, even though it violates human rights. A difficulty in revealing organized crime is that perpetrators mostly do not disclose their criminal network and the parties involved. Information from the convict related to the network of the crime they committed makes law enforcement officers easier to reveal the organized crime. This study used a juridical analysis with an approach to laws and regulations, conceptual method, and comparative method. The results of the study show that convict who chose to become a justice collaborator has a vital role. Law enforcement officers can take advantage of this role in exposing organized crimes without human rights violations to the convict. The convict can have a reward in the form of parole and additional remissions.
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Struik, Arianne. "The Sleeping Dogs Method to Overcome Children’s Resistance to EMDR Therapy: A Case Series." Journal of EMDR Practice and Research 12, no. 4 (November 2018): 224–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1933-3196.12.4.224.
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This article provides three case descriptions to demonstrate the use of the “Sleeping Dogs” method to engage children who initially refused to participate in EMDR therapy. The metaphor “sleeping dogs” refers to traumatic memories that children refuse to or cannot discuss; by waking up the “sleeping dogs,” traumatic memories become accessible and treatable. Children in the cases discussed displayed severe symptoms and refused to discuss memories of traumatic experiences. All resided in a residential facility and their symptoms were preventing transition into foster care. Case 1 (age 6) displayed increasingly violent behavior. He witnessed his father kill his mother and was the crown witness in his father’s trial, which isolated him from his family. Case 2 (age 3), was abused by her biological family, and experienced foster placement breakdown. Case 3 (age 6) was abused by her mother, yet idolized her and denied past abuse. This article describes how the Sleeping Dogs method was applied in each case, created stabilization, and led to engagement in EMDR, in which trauma memories were processed. After treatment all children transitioned into foster care. The cases demonstrate the benefits of involving (extended) family members, even when they have abused or neglected the child and may have little or no contact with them, and when reunification is no option. The implications for utilizing the Sleeping Dogs method to engage chronically traumatized children in trauma-focused therapy are discussed.
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Fiifi Ghartey, Alexander, and Michael William Stockdale. "Statistical evidence and sudden infant death syndrome." University of Cape Coast Law Journal 1, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 135–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.47963/ucclj.v1i1.228.
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tatistical evidence is one of the prima facie tools used in the courtroom in common law jurisdictions. This paper is a case study aimed at describing the role of expert statistical evidence and how it influenced the outcome of the Sally Clark case.Sally Clark, a solicitor by profession, who was wrongly convicted and imprisoned by the Chester Crown Court in England in 1999 for the alleged murder of her two children. The prosecution’s expert witness Professor Sir Roy Meadow, a consultant paediatrician, claimed in his statistical evidence that “the probability of two sudden infant death syndrome cases (SIDS) in one family matching the profile of the appellant was 1 in 73 million.”Though upon appeal the Court of Appeal (Criminal Division) quashed the appellant’s conviction in 2003, it brought to the fore the application of statistics in the courtroom and its overall impact on the justice system. It is revealed that statistical evidence should not be used to establish the truth of an ultimate issue with scientific certainty. Expert witnesses should not adduce evidence recklessly. The use of any far-reaching statistics as evidence requires the services of experts with competence in medical statistics. The criminal justice system has a huge task of exposing true child abusers. But the socio-economic cost of wrongful conviction of accused parents of SIDS cases is immense. Tragically, Sally Clark never came to terms with her wrongful conviction and in 2007 drank herself to death.
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Gupta, Susham, Elvan U. Akyuz, Jonathan Flint, and Toby Baldwin. "Violence and aggression in psychiatric settings: reporting to the police." BJPsych Advances 24, no. 3 (April 25, 2018): 146–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bja.2017.10.
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SUMMARYViolence and aggression are relatively common and serious occurrences in health and social care and rates are higher in mental health settings. Despite the National Health Service's policy of ‘zero tolerance’ of such behaviour, reporting of violence and aggression against mental health staff remains low. This article considers the nature of violence and aggression against staff in psychiatric settings and the process of involving the police to ensure an effective outcome. It outlines each step, from the initial the multidisciplinary team assessment of the incident and its reporting to the police to the making of witness statements, should the case come to court. It also explains the discretionary role of the police in deciding whether to charge and of the Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) in deciding whether to prosecute. The article stresses that NHS organisations need to provide an effective, streamlined and time-efficient reporting process, as this should reduce levels of patient violence, improve staff's well-being and morale, save costs and make the working environment safer for all.LEARNING OBJECTIVES•Raise awareness of the underreporting to the police of incidents of violence and aggression against staff by psychiatric patients and recognise the benefits of reporting such incidents•Develop a framework for assessment and reporting of such incidents committed to the police and to the Crown Prosecution Service (CPS), in the event of possible or actual criminal proceedings•Develop an understanding of the role of the healthcare organisation, the police and the CPS when such incidents are reported to the policeDECLARATION OF INTERESTNone.
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HUGHES, BRIAN. "LOYALISTS AND LOYALISM IN A SOUTHERN IRISH COMMUNITY, 1921–1922." Historical Journal 59, no. 4 (May 20, 2016): 1075–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x15000576.
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ABSTRACTA second Irish Grants Committee met for the first time in October 1926 to deal with claims for compensation from distressed southern Irish loyalists. By the time it had ceased its work, the committee had dealt with over 4,000 applications and recommended 2,237 ex-gratia grants. The surviving files constitute over 200 boxes of near-contemporary witness testimony and supplementary material making them an incomparable, if problematic, source for the study of the southern loyalist experience of the Irish Revolution – a topic of much current historiographical interest. Applicants had to prove that they had suffered loss on account of their ‘allegiance to the government of the United Kingdom’, and by applying labelled themselves as both ‘loyalist’ and ‘victim’. A study of the claim files from one district, Arva in County Cavan, offers unique perspectives on the loyalist experience of revolution in a southern Irish community, personal definitions of loyalty, and the relationship between behaviour and allegiance during war. The Arva applicants often struggled to present their financial losses as resulting directly from their ‘loyalty to the Crown’. Their statements, and the way they were treated by the committee, serve to complicate an often over-simplified understanding of civilian behaviour and popular support.
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Wicks, Frank. "The Blacksmith's Motor." Mechanical Engineering 121, no. 07 (July 1, 1999): 66–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1999-jul-8.
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This article illustrates engineering developments by a self-educated but impoverished blacksmith in Forestdale, Vermont, named Thomas Davenport. Thomas Davenport, inventor of the electric motor, was a self-educated blacksmith with a passion for reading. Davenport's model of an electric train is described in this article. The circular track is 4 feet in diameter. Power was supplied from a stationary battery to the moving electric locomotive, using the rails as conductors for the electricity. Soon after he learned of the Henry magnet, Davenport travelled the 25 miles to Crown Point on a horse to witness the wonders of magnetic lifting power. In one of the incidence, Davenport mounted one magnet on a wheel; the other magnet was fixed to a stationary frame. The interaction between the two magnets caused the rotor to turn half a revolution. He learned that by reversing the wires to one of the magnets he could get the rotor to complete another half-turn. Davenport then devised what is now known as a brush and commutator. Fixed wires from the frame supplied current to a segmented conductor that supplied current to the rotor-mounted electromagnet. This provided an automatic reversal of the polarity of the rotor-mounted magnet twice per rotation, resulting in continuous rotation.
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Lipovsky, Caroline. "Storytelling in legal settings." Australian Review of Applied Linguistics 40, no. 1 (December 1, 2017): 71–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aral.40.1.05lip.
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Abstract A number of linguistic studies on courtroom discourse deal with witness examinations, however counsels’ opening statements have been given relatively little attention. Drawing on the analysis of a Crown Prosecutor’s opening statement in a murder trial held at the Supreme Court of New South Wales in Sydney, Australia, and using the Systemic Functional Linguistics framework (Halliday 1994), this study highlights the ways in which the prosecutor constructs his narrative of the crime in his opening statement in order to persuade the jurors of his views. Specifically, the analysis highlights the ways in which the narrative is made persuasive through its specific rhetorical organization and over-specification of orientational information, as well as more credible through quotations from participants with personal experience in the related events. It also shows the ways in which the prosecutor seeks to engage the jurors through his use of second-person pronouns, as well as his differentiated use of the crime participants’ names. Finally, this study highlights the dialogic and heteroglossic characteristics of the adversarial legal process, in that it both refers to what was previously stated and tries to anticipate the response of the jury, whose voice comes as the last word through their verdict.
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Lopes, Josefa Daiana Araújo Lopes, Marilia Hortência Batista Silva Rodrigues, Oscar Mariano Hafle, Valéria Maria dos Santos, Edinete Nunes de Melo, and Joyce Naiara da Silva. "Agronomic performance of the fig tree 'roxo de valinhos' submitted to different organic fertilizers." Research, Society and Development 9, no. 10 (September 24, 2020): e2309108313. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i10.8313.
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The use of chemical fertilizers increases the costs of species production systems fruit trees like the fig tree, making it necessary to look for fertilizers of organic origin and whichare of low cost, presenting nutrients readily available, to evaluate the agronomic performance of fig tree cv. 'Roxo de Valinhos', submitted to different organic fertilizers. The experiment was conducted at the Federal Institute of Paraíba, Campus Sousa. The experimental design used was randomized blocks, with five treatments corresponding to different sources of organic fertilizers (F1: without fertilization (Witness); F2: poultry litter; F3: sheep manure; F4: cattle manure and F5: compost organic) and four replications, with the experimental unit consisting of three plants. The seedling production was carried out by the cutting method, with branches of the cultivar 'Roxo de Valinhos'. The variables analyzed were plant height, diameter of the crown, number of branches, number of leaves and fruits, fruit weight, fruit diameter(longitudinal and transversal), longitudinal and transversal diameter ratio, soluble solids,fruit mass / ° brix ratio. The data were submitted to analysis of variance by the F testand the Tukey test. Sources of compost based on organic compost and cattle manurefavored the vegetative and productive growth of the fig tree. Organic fertilization influencedpositively the development of the fig tree 'Roxo de valinhos', being the compoundorganic and bovine manure the most suitable for the production of this species.
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Questier, Michael. "Sermons, Separatists, and Succession Politics in Late Elizabethan England." Journal of British Studies 52, no. 2 (April 2013): 290–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jbr.2013.1.
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AbstractIn late 1599 the population of York was able to witness a fairly extraordinary sight. In York Castle, the Catholic prisoners of conscience, as they saw themselves (though others regarded them as dangerous political dissidents), were being compelled to listen, once a week, to a Protestant sermon. These sermons were preached at them by a slate of godly ministers. This exercise was something the prisoners actively contested by murmuring, blocking their ears, shouting, and attempting to rush out of the hall. The prisoners' antics provoked the authorities into increasingly coercive measures to make them hear the Word of God. This outwardly rather ridiculous and unseemly charade went on, week after week, for nearly a year, at which point the whole business was abandoned by the lord president, Lord Burghley, as a waste of time. However, by decoding the extant manuscript narrative that we have of the sermon series and by looking at who was involved in this business and why, and what political messages were being sent during the course of it, we can say something about the popular politics of late Elizabethan England. In particular, we can comment on the strategies adopted by those who were anticipating the moment, surely not far off, when Tudor power would be extinguished and Elizabeth's crown would pass to her successor.
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Bagchi, David. "Luther and the Problem of Martyrdom." Studies in Church History 30 (1993): 209–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424208400011700.
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Kingsley Amis once had great fun imagining how the modern world might have turned out if Luther had successfully been bribed with the offer of a cardinalate. A much more likely miseen-scène is that suggested by Kierkegaard, who preferred to think how much better the world, or at least Danish Protestantism, would have been had Luther become a martyr. What makes the martyr’s crown a more plausible item of ecclesiastical headgear for Luther than a cardinal’s hat is that the idea of martyrdom was so important to him. Its importance was by no means restricted to the four years or so during which he daily expected to have to witness to the Gospel with his own blood: from his earliest lectures on the Psalms to his last lectures on Genesis, martyrdom and its implications for the Christian life were a central theme. In between Luther became not the first martyr of the Reformation, as he (no less than Kierkegaard) would have preferred, but its first martyrologist. In spite of this, Luther’s attitude to martyrdom has never, to my knowledge, been the subject of a full-scale study. In this paper I want to highlight some of the issues which would have to be explored further in any such study, and also to indicate the sense in which martyrdom became a problem for Luther.
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Sowa, Jan. "„W czym vertitur powaga moja hetmańska…” Organizacja i procedura sądu hetmańskiego w Koronie w latach 1683-1699." Czasopismo Prawno-Historyczne 65, no. 1 (November 2, 2018): 203–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/cph.2013.65.1.08.
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This paper describes the sand procedure of the Hetman’s Court in the Crown Army at the time of the Great Turkish War (1683-1699). The Court has not been the subject of a separate study since the 1920s, whereas older studies relied on a very meagre source base. Meanwhile, there were availble Hetman’s registers (copies of documents issued by Hetman’s chancellery) from the period when the offi ce was held by Stanisław Jan Jabłonowski, the Ruthenian Palatine and later Kraków Castellan. The registers, albeit incomplete (registers for 1683-1685, 1687-1689 and 1696 are missing), contain, inter alia, decrees issued by the Court Martial (i.e., the Hetman’s Court), which served as the basis for this discussion. The Great Crown Hetman, similarly to the connétable de France (until 1627), combined in his hand the authority of the Commander-in-Chief of the regular army and the administrative authority over it. One of the major aspects of the latter was administration of justice over soldiers. Originally, the hetman had exclusive jurisdiction in this respect but the demands of nobility who suffered from robberies by soldiers resulted in subjecting soldiers to the jurisdiction of ‘civil’ (i.e. non military) courts. In the late 17th century, one can speak of the practically overlapping jurisdiction of the Hetman’s Court, Crown Tribunal and fi scal organs with relation to so-called causae iniuriatorum (causes of the aggrieved: nobility vs. the army). The Great Crown Hetman did not have as extensive a judicial apparatus as some western European armies at that time. Most causes were adjudicated by Jabłonowski himself (possibly with the assistance of junior judges). The Court Martial had also its own instigator and ushers. The competences of military judges are not very clear. To perform certain evidentiary acts (such as inquisition – an equivalent of scrutinum conducted in district courts (sądy ziemskie) – a kind of on-site inspection combined with the hearing of witness testimony) the Hetman would delegate trusted offi cers or national enlistment comrades and, not infrequently, local ‘civil’ offi cers. The role of military police was doubtless performed by the Hetman’s company of Hungarian infantry. The procedure of the Hetman’s court was similar to that of a trial before a district court. A military trial was in principle instituted by a complaint, it was adversarial and controlled by the parties. Proceedings were instituted by bringing a complaint to the military instigator who, in turn, petitioned the Hetman to issue a writ of summons. The penalty for a failure to appear on the fi rst date was contumacy (a fi ne – so-called niestanne). A writ of summons for the second date was announced publicly. The second term was a strict one – a failure to appear meant losing the case, having one’s pay distrained (this, by the way, was the most effective remedy) and – theoretically – being dishonourably discharged from the army (wytrąbienie). The most common evidence included inquisition, interrogation (involving torture in the case of people of non-noble descent) and an oath. The most important penalties imposed by the Court Martial included the penalty of the throat (death penalty – imposed very rarely, it practically was not executed in the case of noblemen), imprisonment in a tower and fi nally damages, which had the greatest practical value.
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Kikakedimau, Nakweti Rufin, Zaba Héros Kongo, Mukuku Alphonse Mikodi, and Patrick Doumas. "Gamma Radiation Effects (Cs¹³⁷) on the Local Variety Culture of Corn (Zea mays L.) Under Ecological Conditions of Kenge." European Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences 4, no. 1 (January 18, 2022): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejfood.2022.4.1.434.
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The aim of the present study was to study the effects of gamma radiation (Cs137) on the local variety of maize (Zea mays L.) usually cultivated at KENGE for possible track of its improvement. The approach consisted of irradiating the corn seeds at the doses ranging from 0 to 300 Gy at intervals of 100 each using the CONSERVATOME LISA I irradiator. The irradiated seeds were sown on a plot of 176.40 m2 of surface area according to a device in completely random blocks. In the field, some cultural precautions for consequent yield have been taken (weeding, ridging at the same time as weeding, mulching, and watering). Different cultivation parameters were determined such as germination rate, crown diameter, plant size and number of leaves / maize plant from one part and, from another part, the length of the cobs, the ear diameter, number of kernels/ear, 100 kernel weights and yield per plot.
From the results obtained it turned out that the dose of 100 Gy with average values such as 67% for the germination rate, 220.80 cm for the length of the plants, 1505 seeds per plant ear and 327.25 g per 100 seeds behaved well in relation to the witness and the irradiated persons. The dose of 300 Gy gave values far lower than those of 100 Gy (19%, 67.66 cm, 713 and 90.13 g). From these analyzes, it is possible to recommend an in-depth study in the improvement of local corn with the LD50 of 169.33 Gy.
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Kis, Iván. "Kottanner Jánosné memoárja." Egyházmegyék – királyság – Szent Korona 33, no. 1 (2021): 54–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/belv.2021.1.5.
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In my study I analyze a significant late-medieval memoir, known as „The Memoires of Helene Kottanner (1439–1440), written by Helene, or Elena Kottanner, an Austrian woman, daughter ofPeter Wolfram from Ödenburg (Sopron), acting in the service of Queen Elizabeth of Hungary.The source, which may be considered the oldest German memoir written by a secular woman, depicts the events of an interesting period of the medieval Hungarian history with “vividness and poignancy” (Maya Bijvoet Williamson). After the death of King Albert (1437–1439), his ambitious wife, Elizabeth – while a large part of the Hungarian nobles wanted Władysław III of Poland to be the king of Hungary – tried to maintain his own authority in Hungary (at that time she was already pregnant and hoped that her new-born will be a boy), therefore she ordered her servant, Elena Kottanner to steal the Holy Crown of Saint Stephen from the royal stronghold, Plintenburg (Visegrád). The woman and an unnamed Hungarian collaborator managed to remove the Crown secretly, rushing to the Queen with it, who within an hour of the crown’s arrival at her castle of Komorn (Komárom), bore a son, Ladislaus Posthumous (1440–1457). Three months later, the little boy was crowned King of Hungary in Stuhlweissenburg (Székesfehérvár). In her memoir, Helene Kottanner – as an eye-witness author – gives a unique, detailed and remarkable picture about these events. My main goal is to analyze the rhetorical methods, the historiographical practice presented by Helene, which can be detected in her text. I demonstrate that the servant intended to emphasize her own role in the mentioned events, and tried to legitimate the Hungarian kingship of Ladislaus Posthumous. Besides, she presented certain events as symbolic of the fate of the future king: according to Helene, God protects her and Elizabeth, and the whole undertaking, while the Devil is on the side of their enemies (Władysław III of Poland and the Hungarian nobles). Furthermore, I also intend to demonstrate what possible goals could Helene have had with her memoir. It is quite possible that the servant wrote her opus in order to get her reward for her services provided to the queen and the future king. I demonstrate this problem in context of the Hungarian political situation in the 1440s and the 1450s.
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Baronas, Darius. "St Bruno of Querfurt: the Missionary Vocation." Lithuanian Historical Studies 14, no. 1 (December 28, 2009): 41–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.30965/25386565-01401004.
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The aim of this article is to reconstruct the picture of the missionary as it appears in the writings of St Bruno of Querfurt (d.1009). Scholars have noted for a long time that St Bruno saw a very close link between the missionary calling and martyrdom. From his writings it becomes quite clear that he personally had a desire to suffer martyrdom. Such a desire, however, did not have much in common with a precipitous drive to become a martyr. He saw it, rather, as a crown awaiting the missionary at the end of a long road of self-mortification and self-renunciation. He put forward for himself and for his ascetic readers a three-stage course of perfection: community life (coenobium) for beginners, a life in seclusion (eremus) for the advanced, and the mission to the pagans for the most perfect. Such a course of ascetic life was characteristic of Irish and Anglo-Saxon monks (in the sixth-eighth centuries) whose pilgrimages tended to evolve into missionary trips among the pagans. In the context of medieval missionaries St Bruno stood out as he personally pondered over this issue in a methodological fashion. In the eyes of the saint, preparation for missionary activities should lead to rational martyrdom (rationale martyrium) in which one could hardly fail to notice the original notion of martyrdom as a witness to the Faith. Another noteworthy feature of St Bruno’s thoughts may be his insistence on having a papal licence to conduct evangelization, which was not asked for usually in his days. Thus, he may be viewed not only as a devotee of St Peter and his successors, but also as an advocate of papal missions, which tended to be most promising to newly converted rulers and their subjects.
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Carter, Bernie. "book reviews : THE YOUNG WITNESS PACK This is a really useful pack, which has been developed and funded by the Home Office, Lord Chancellor's Department, Crown Prosecution Service, Department of Health, Childline, and the NSPCC." Journal of Child Health Care 3, no. 2 (July 1999): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/136749359900300210.
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Dwyer, Déirdre. "Can a Marriage Be Delayed in the Public Interest So as to Maintain the Compellability of a Prosecution Witness?: R (on the Application of the Crown Prosecution Service) v Registrar General of Births, Deaths and Marriages." International Journal of Evidence & Proof 7, no. 3 (July 2003): 191–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/136571270300700304.
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Martines, Vicent. "La Cançó de la croada contra els albigesos (1r quart del s. XIII) i el Tractat de Meaux-París (1228). Mimesi literària i constància jurídica de la desposessió d’Occitània." SCRIPTA. Revista Internacional de Literatura i Cultura Medieval i Moderna 15 (June 10, 2020): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/scripta.15.17552.
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Resum: En aquest article analitzem els mecanismes de la construcció del relat (oficial), des de diversos punts de vista, de la Croada contra els albigesos i l’expoli d’Occitània per França en el transcurs d’aqueixa cruel campanya militar (1r terç del segle XIII). Analitzarem dues fonts textuals que són testimonis d’excepció dels fets i de la construcció i la narració d’aqueix relat, a través de la mimesi historiogràfica en un cas, la Cançó de la Croada contra els albigesos, i, en l’altre, del formalisme d’un text jurídic (document històric, pròpiament dit) del més alt rang, el Tractat de Meux-París (1229), signat pels màxims representants de les dues contraparts. I també analitzarem qui es beneficia (i per què), en primera instància, dels efectes del Tractat.
Paraules clau: Cançó de la Croada contra els albigesos, Tractat de Meaux-París (1229), Batalla de Muret, Pere el Católico, Alfons de Poitiers, Lluís IX de França, Ramon VII de Tolosa, Historiografia medieval.
Abstract: In this article I analyze the technic behind the construction of the (official) story, from different points of view of the Crusade against the Catars and the dispossession of Occitania by the French Crown during the course of that cruel military campaign (1st third of the 13th century). I analyze two textual sources that are added value witness of the facts in order to make and to tell that story, through the historiographic mimesis in one case, the Song of the Crusade againts the Catars, and, in the other, the formalism of a legal text (historical document, proper) of the highest rank, the Treaty of Meux-Paris (1229), signed by the highest representatives of the two parties. And Il also analyze who benefits (and why), in the first instance, from the effects of the Treaty.
Keywords: Song of the Crusade againts the Catars, Treaty of Meaux-Paris (1229), Battle of Muret, King Peter The Catholic of Aragon, Alphons de Poitiers, King Louis IX of France, Raymund VII of Toulouse, Medieval Historiography
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Deffebach, Nancy. "Artist as Witness." Latin American and Latinx Visual Culture 3, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 30–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/lavc.2021.3.1.30.
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After creating a substantial corpus of art that was political in the sense that the female body and social justice are political, but which had not dealt with national politics, the Colombian painter Débora Arango (1907–2005) embarked on an extended series of works that chronicled and critiqued politics and politicians during the undeclared civil war known as la Violencia (c. 1946 to 1965). This essay examines Arango’s first five paintings about the national politics of Colombia and, by extension, the role of the artist as witness. Arango’s earliest political paintings represent the Liberal politician Jorge Eliécer Gaitán, the rioting that erupted after his assassination in Bogotá on April 9, 1948, and the government’s suppression of Liberal rebels in Antioquia. This essay documents her personal connection to Gaitán, considers the cultural politics of the era, places the paintings in historical context, and analyzes the stylistic changes and international sources Arango employed to visualize the abuse of power. The undated watercolor Gaitán (by 1948), which portrays the politician speaking to a vast, enthusiastic crowd, is the only political painting she ever created that does not criticize its subject. After Gaitán’s murder she switched to a more expressionistic visual language to condemn the violence that followed, first in Masacre del 9 de abril, then in three paintings that depict the transport of rebels in railroad boxcars in ways that evoke the Holocaust. The five images are the matrix from which her incisive political satire of the 1950s evolved.
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Feldman, David. "The King's Peace, the Royal Prerogative and Public Order: the Roots and Early Development of Binding Over Powers." Cambridge Law Journal 47, no. 1 (March 1988): 101–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008197300133744.
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One of the most useful and most-used powers that criminal courts1 have is the power to bind people over to be of good behaviour or to keep the peace. Magistrates form the view that a person (“the principal”), who might be a person of previously unblemished reputation, is likely to breach the peace or commit criminal offences. They require him to enter into a recognisance, in form a voluntary covenant or agreement, to keep the peace, or to be of good behaviour, sometimes in a set sum (say £100) for a set period. If he refuses, he can be imprisoned, regardless of the seriousness or triviality, lawfulness or unlawfulness, of the behaviour that originally brought him to court, perhaps as a witness. He may also be required to find sureties, other people who are prepared to promise that they will forfeit a sum of money (say £50 each) if their principal fails to behave. If the principal misbehaves, debts to the Crown arise of £100 from the principal and £50 from each surety. The mechanics are therefore rather similar to bail. Binding over operates today in two ways. First, it can be used after conviction for an offence as an alternative to sentence. The accused enters into a recognisance to keep the peace or be of good behaviour. If he breaches his undertaking, he can be summoned back to court to be sentenced for the original offence. Secondly, it can be used after conviction for an offence as an alternative to sentence. The accused enters into a recognisance to keep the peace or be of good behaviour. If he breaches his undertaking, he can be summoned back to court to be sentenced for the original offence. Secondly, it can be used as a preventive measure to deal with people who are before the court but have not been convicted. This latter use provides a flexible way to deal with cases arising out of disputes between neighbours and minor public order problems without the need for a full hearing. It saves time and money.
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ROCK, PAUL. "WITNESSES AND SPACE IN A CROWN COURT." British Journal of Criminology 31, no. 3 (1991): 266–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.bjc.a048116.
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Savino, Christina. "Corvi e adulatori." AION (filol.) Annali dell’Università degli Studi di Napoli “L’Orientale” 43, no. 1 (January 25, 2022): 35–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17246172-40010047.
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Abstract Crows and flatterers are compared in an ancient Greek saying because of their harmfulness and damage to human beings. The saying «it is better to fall amongst crows than flatterers» is attributed to the Cynic seem philosopher Antisthenes of Athens on the basis of several literary sources. All these seem to go back to Cynic doxography and ethics, relying on the Stoic thinker Hecaton of Rhodes. Previous witnesses are not extant, but a reference to the saying could possibly be found in Aristophanes’ Wasps. Indeed, Wasps 42–46 not only features the wordplay κόραξ/κόλαξ as a speech defect of Alcibiades, which seems to be rather a comic device, but also hints at a link between the crow and the flatterer. Performed in 422, before Antisthenes’ teaching as a Cynic, Aristophanes’ Wasps could represent the first literary attestation of the saying on crows and flatterers, which probably went back to the Greek sapiential heritage.
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Tak, Peter J. P. "Deals with Criminals: Supergrasses, Crown Witnesses and Pentiti." European Journal of Crime, Criminal Law and Criminal Justice 5, no. 1 (1997): 2–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181797x00121.
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Bussières, Paul. "La population de la Côte-Nord." Cahiers de géographie du Québec 7, no. 14 (April 12, 2005): 157–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/020425ar.
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The history of the settlement of the North Shore region of the Gulf St. Lawrence can be divided into five stages : the periodical visits of Basque and Breton fishermen from the XIV th to the XVII th century ; the repeated concessions from 1653 to about 1820 of coast sectors to companies, such as the Hudson Bay Co., and merchants of Québec who hold exclusive rights of occupation and exploitation ; the foundation of most of the existing agglomerations between 1836 and 1865 when settlers gather around sawmills between Tadoussac and Baie-Trinité and fishermen from the south shore of the Gulf, the Magdalen Islands, Newfoundland and the Channel Islands, sometimes after a long association with the exploitation of the coastal fisheries, establish some 20 hamlets and villages between Sept-lies and Blanc-Sablon ; the consolidation of the population, parallel to the growth of the pulp and paper industry up to the advent of the second world war ; the mass immigration brought about by the mining developments in the 1950's. Various conditions have influenced the distribution of the population and given rise to different types of settlement. These conditions have been : the hold of the wood and pulp companies on the land and the labour force, the absence of industrial diversification in any one sector of the region or, in other words, the over-specialization of the economic activities, the proper requirements of those activities, the particular conditions of the land tenure and of the lot structure and, to a lesser extent, the social background of the immigrants. The settlement outlook is thus as follows. From Tadoussac to Natashquan, the habitat is differenciated : the largest communities have grown at the points of transhipment where man and merchandise journey to and fro, that is near deep sheltered bays ; the villages depending on the export of pulpwood are all sited at the mouth of the rivers and show small but dense concentrations of population ; when agriculture dominates, the « rang » System of rural settlement is prevalent ; below Sept-lies, the population concerned with fishing bas settled in small nuclei at short distance from its fisheries. From Kegashka to Blanc-Sablon, the inhabitants are individualistic, dwell on Crown Lands — often as squatters — and keep jealously to their self-appropriated fishing spots, whence their dispersion. In the backcountry, the mining towns of Schefferville, Wabush, Labrador and Gagnon bear witness of the conceptions that presided to their elaboration.
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Lewry, Osmund. "?Surrounded by so great a crowd of witnesses ??*." New Blackfriars 68, no. 806 (June 1987): 297–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-2005.1987.tb01258.x.
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Cartiere, Cameron. "Art and Environmental Action, One Bird at a Time." Journal of Public Space, Vol. 5 n. 4 (December 1, 2020): 7–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.32891/jps.v5i4.1311.
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The environmental problems of climate change and species decline can feel overwhelming. Individuals are often at a loss, questioning what impact they can actually have. Through chART Projects, we have witnessed the dramatic effect of community-engaged art as a direct path to environmental action and impact on local ecosystems. During the 27thInternational Ornithological Congress, bird enthusiasts from around the world focused their attention on Vancouver, Canada. This article is a reflection on how chART took advantage of this assembly, creating an ambitious venture aiming for a sustainable effect on the public’s relationship to urban birds. As the Crow Flies was a public art project bringing creative connections to urban birds directly into the hands of the public. Works included sited-sculpture, community-engaged interventions, projections, workshops, performances, and 6,000 ceramic crows. chART’s founder, Cameron Cartiere has been working with an interdisciplinary team to address the loss of pollinators through Border Free Bees. That research project used environment-based art to engage communities to take positive action in order to improve conditions for pollinators, with tremendous success. As the Crow Flies took a similar approach to highlight the loss of bird species and actions individuals could take to improve the odds for their feathered neighbours.
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Dingwall, Robert, and Paul Rock. "The Social World of an English Crown Court: Witnesses and Professionals in the Crown Court Centre at Wood Green." Contemporary Sociology 23, no. 6 (November 1994): 863. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2076091.
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Dillon, Anne. "John Forest and Derfel Gadarn: A Double Execution." Recusant History 28, no. 1 (May 2006): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003419320001102x.
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On the morning of Wednesday 22 May 1538, the Observant Franciscan John Forest was dragged on a hurdle through the streets of London from prison in Newgate to his execution at Spittalfields. Henry VIII's efficient propaganda machine had been in action for days in advance and a large crowd had gathered to witness the event. it began at eight o'clock and reached its climax, the burning of Forest, three hours later.
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Applegate, Richard. "Taking Child Witnesses Out of the Crown Court: A Live Link Initiative." International Review of Victimology 13, no. 2 (May 2006): 179–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026975800601300203.
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This article describes an innovative project in England whereby child witnesses gave evidence via a video link from a building away from the court complex. The research indicates that this was seen as an effective method for children to give their evidence; removing most of the negative issues relating to giving evidence either in person from the court room, or from a live video link from a room routinely located within the court complex. This arrangement was seen to encourage children to give evidence in the first instance; to improve its quality; and to soften the traditional adversarial nature of the criminal justice system. Professionals in the Crown Court have accepted live video link technology as part of their work role and although the children concerned, and their parents, were not so positive they also considered it to be a very good way for them to give evidence.
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Elbishlawi, Sherif, Mohamed H. Abdelpakey, Agwad Eltantawy, Mohamed S. Shehata, and Mostafa M. Mohamed. "Deep Learning-Based Crowd Scene Analysis Survey." Journal of Imaging 6, no. 9 (September 11, 2020): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jimaging6090095.
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Recently, our world witnessed major events that attracted a lot of attention towards the importance of automatic crowd scene analysis. For example, the COVID-19 breakout and public events require an automatic system to manage, count, secure, and track a crowd that shares the same area. However, analyzing crowd scenes is very challenging due to heavy occlusion, complex behaviors, and posture changes. This paper surveys deep learning-based methods for analyzing crowded scenes. The reviewed methods are categorized as (1) crowd counting and (2) crowd actions recognition. Moreover, crowd scene datasets are surveyed. In additional to the above surveys, this paper proposes an evaluation metric for crowd scene analysis methods. This metric estimates the difference between calculated crowed count and actual count in crowd scene videos.
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Horton, A. V. M. "Brunei in 2004: Window-Dressing an Islamizing Sultanate." Asian Survey 45, no. 1 (January 2005): 180–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/as.2005.45.1.180.
Full textAbstract:
Negara Brunei Darussalam continued to enjoy tranquillity in 2004. The principal events in the country during the year were the wedding of the Crown Prince al-Muhtadee Billah and Dayangku (Lady) Sarah and the resurrection of the Legislative Council. Twenty years of independence have witnessed significant progress in many fields, but political and religious freedom remains wanting.