Journal articles: 'CRU'

1

Charrier, Thérèse. "Cru ôté." Psychanalyse 23, no. 1 (2012): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/psy.023.0007.

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Trécourt, Fabien. "Incroyable...mais cru !" Sciences Humaines N° 260, no. 6 (June 1, 2014): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/sh.260.0027.

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Almeida, Leonardo Oliveira de. "O cru exposto." Ciencias Sociales y Religión/Ciências Sociais e Religião 20, no. 29 (December 1, 2018): 87–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/csr.v20i29.12319.

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Presentes em todas as regiões do Brasil, as lojas de artigos afrorreligiosos comercializam produtos necessários às mais diversas práticas mágico-religiosas. Ao adentrarmos em uma dessas lojas, alguns objetos chamam atenção pela forma como são acomodados, pois costumam ser expostos de maneiras que, no ambiente dos terreiros, seriam consideradas incomuns ou até perigosas. Para os vendedores, isso só é possível devido ao caráter cru desses produtos. Tendo como base pesquisa realizada em três lojas de Porto Alegre, argumento que estas podem ser compreendidas como espaços preparados para que os clientes adentrem um ambiente de cruezas a serem percebidas e sentidas. Estamos falando, portanto, em maneiras de exposição do cru. Considerando os diferentes elementos materiais e imateriais em interação, busco compreender como o cru é exposto e como as formas de expor produzem o cru. Por fim, argumento que essas lojas possuem uma maneira particular de lidar com a multiplicidade dos objetos.

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Philippon, A., G. Arlet, JL Herrmann, and Ph Lagrange. "Bactériologie : CRU 1993." Médecine et Maladies Infectieuses 24, no. 1 (January 1994): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0399-077x(05)80204-5.

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5

Skorping, Arne. "Un grand cru." Trends in Ecology & Evolution 17, no. 1 (January 2002): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-5347(01)02334-5.

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Goetz, Paul. "2006, nouveau cru!" Phytothérapie 4, S1 (February 2006): hs1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10298-006-0126-1.

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Usenko, I. A., A. Yu Kniazev, L. N. Berdnikov, A. B. Fokin, and V. V. Kravtsov. "Spectroscopic studies of southern-hemisphere Cepheids: Three Cepheids in Crux (BG Cru, R Cru, and T Cru)." Astronomy Letters 40, no. 7 (July 2014): 435–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s106377371407007x.

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Усенко, И. А., А. Ю. Князев, Л. Н. Бердников, А. Б. Фокин, and В. В. Кравцов. "Спектральные исследования цефеид южного полушария. Три цефеиды в созвездии Южного Креста (BG Cru, R Cru и T Cru)." Письма в астрономический журнал: Астрономия и космическая астрофизика 40, no. 07 (2014): 484–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.7868/s0320010814070079.

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Petit, Marie. "Le cru du cul." Cahiers de Gestalt-thérapie 9, no. 1 (2001): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/cges.009.0074.

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10

Catsaras, Marc, and Roland Rosset. "Anisakiase et poisson cru." Bulletin de l'Académie Vétérinaire de France, no. 3 (1993): 353. http://dx.doi.org/10.4267/2042/64164.

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11

Ottoboni, Thiago. "Instagram Nu e Cru." Journal of Clinical Dentistry and Research 19, no. 1 (April 29, 2022): 86–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.14436/2447-911x.19.1.086-093.inc.

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Para os colegas recém-formados, a Odontologia tem tomado dois caminhos: um caminho mais árduo, lento, sólido, no qual o cirurgião-dentista não perde sua essência de promover saúde e restabelecer estética aliada à função, com ética e respeito; e outro, mais fácil, rápido, cheio de atalhos, buscando rapidamente fama e/ou dinheiro, no qual se vende a ideia de que todo paciente se torna “facetável” e que esse tratamento é rápido, fácil, reversível e minimamente invasivo. Pense no que quer para seu futuro; a Odontologia e nossos pacientes merecem o melhor.

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Ottoboni, Thiago. "Instagram Nu e Cru." Journal of Clinical Dentistry and Research 18, no. 3 (December 1, 2021): 132–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.14436/2447-911x.18.3.132-141.inc.

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Sejam bem-vindos! A nossa coluna é dedicada a você, que busca uma Odontologia clínica baseada em evidências e extremamente real, na qual compartilhamos casos clínicos com fotografias que saíram diretamente da câmera fotográfica. Sem “mimimi”, manipulando as fotos em busca da perfeição e dos likes do Instagram. Muitas vezes, deparamo-nos, em situações clínicas, com casos que vamos apresentar em aulas nos quais, com a fotografia com flash twin e rebatedor ou difusor, enxergamos algumas imperfeições que realmente estão ali (as verdades) em boca no momento. O mais engraçado é que, se ligarmos um estúdio soft box ou sombrinha e fotografarmos o mesmo caso, tudo some e fica perfeito. Tome cuidado com as redes sociais em relação a isso: nós trabalhamos duro dia a dia na clínica e vemos os casos reais. Não se deixe enganar por fotografias manipuladas a ponto de te desmotivar. Treine, estude, dedique-se, entregue o melhor para seu paciente, seja leve e verdadeiro para curtir a caminhada.

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Ottoboni, Thiago. "Instagram Nu e Cru." Journal of Clinical Dentistry and Research 18, no. 1 (July 1, 2021): 134–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.14436/2447-911x.18.1.134-141.inc.

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Olá, vamos para mais uma edição. Como sempre, aqui a ideia é apresentar casos clínicos realizados de maneira honesta, nos quais visualizamos as fotos sem manipulação de imagem. Com toda a rapidez da informação, observamos diaria- mente uma inversão do que realmente é a Odontologia “estética” nas redes sociais. Com isso, dentistas mais novos ou recém-formados muitas vezes se inspiram em “heróis” de mentira, perdendo rapidamente a essência do que realmente é a Odontologia restauradora. A verdadeira Odontologia não mutila, ela reconstrói; não tira, devolve; não executa antes de planejar e não trata dentes, mas cuida de pessoas. Tenha muito cuidado com o que vê nas redes sociais para não se deixar enganar nem manipular por resultados falsos ou modificados. Faça o seu bem feito, para o seu paciente. Isso é o que vale a pena no final.

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Ottoboni, Thiago. "Instagram Nu e Cru." Journal of Clinical Dentistry and Research 15, no. 2 (2018): 86–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.14436/2447-911x.15.2.086-093.inc.

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15

Ottoboni, Thiago. "Instagram Nu e Cru." Journal of Clinical Dentistry and Research 15, no. 3 (2018): 186–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.14436/2447-911x.15.3.186-191.inc.

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16

Ottoboni, Thiago. "Instagram Nu e Cru." Journal of Clinical Dentistry and Research 16, no. 1 (2019): 176–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.14436/2447-911x.16.1.176-181.inc.

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17

Ottoboni, Thiago. "Instagram Nu e Cru." Journal of Clinical Dentistry and Research 17, no. 3 (November 20, 2020): 190–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.14436/2447-911x.17.3.190-197.int.

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Olá, meus amigos! Espero que estejam bem. Para os novos leitores, nossa coluna trata de mostrar casos clínicos em formato de um post do Instagram, através do qual conseguimos expor a realidade clínica de restaurações diretas com os fluxos restauradores. Espero que você aproveite a leitura e, vendo os casos, consiga tirar algo de bom para sua rotina clínica. Esses casos não foram manipulados em softwares de tratamento de imagem e mostram a realidade, com fotografias de flash twin e estúdio soft box, mas sem tentativa de enganação do colega ou paciente. Tome cuidado: muito do que vemos nas mídias sociais ou fotografias odontológicas são imagens criadas para se chegar à “perfeição”, manipulando e direcionando a resultados talvez inexistentes ao vivo.

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Ottoboni, Thiago. "Instagram Nu e Cru." Journal of Clinical Dentistry and Research 19, no. 3 (December 30, 2022): 102–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.14436/2447-911x.19.3.102-111.inc.

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O dia a dia do consultório não é fácil, mas também nos faz sentir muito bem, pois diariamente lidamos com situações desafiadoras, para solucionar diferentes casos, com o intuito de deixar nossos pacientes mais felizes. Nos dias atuais, têm sido rotineiros os retratamentos de restaurações estéticas em cerâmica e, agora muito mais, em resinas compostas. Isso nos tira da zona de conforto, pois nunca é fácil retratar. Além disso, várias vezes o paciente já sofreu muito e, com razão, está sem paciência para um ‘recomeço’ — normalmente, nada fácil. Hoje, a mensagem aqui é: pense muito bem antes de restaurar um dente. Pode ser que uma profilaxia, tratamento ortodôntico e clareamento já resolvam o caso. Mas, se for restaurar, avalie, faça um bom diagnóstico, um bom planejamento, e execute com toda dedicação possível, para essas restaurações terem longevidade e o paciente não precisar trocá-las em um curto espaço de tempo. Obrigado, e nos vemos na próxima...

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19

Helgason, Cheryl D., Jennifer Antonchuk, Caroline Bodner, and R. Keith Humphries. "Homeostasis and regeneration of the hematopoietic stem cell pool are altered in SHIP-deficient mice." Blood 102, no. 10 (November 15, 2003): 3541–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2002-12-3939.

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AbstractSH2-containing inositol 5-phosphatase (SHIP) is an important negative regulator of cytokine and immune receptor signaling. SHIP-deficient mice have a number of hematopoietic perturbations, including enhanced cytokine responsiveness. Because cytokines play an important role in the maintenance/expansion of the primitive hematopoietic cell pool, we investigated the possibility that SHIP also regulates the properties of cells in these compartments. Primitive hematopoietic cells were evaluated in SHIP-deficient mice and wild-type littermate controls using the colony-forming unit-spleen (CFU-S) and competitive repopulating unit (CRU) assays for multipotent progenitors and long-term lympho-myeloid repopulating cells, respectively. Absence of SHIP was found to affect homeostasis of CFU-S and CRU compartments. Numbers of primitive cells were increased in extramedullary sites such as the spleen of SHIP-deficient mice, although total body numbers were not significantly changed. In vivo cell cycle status of the CRU compartment was further evaluated using 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). SHIP-deficient CRUs were more sensitive to 5-FU killing, indicating a higher proliferative cell fraction. More strikingly, SHIP was found to regulate the ability of primitive cells to regenerate in vivo, as CRU recovery was approximately 30-fold lower in mice that received transplants of SHIP-deficient cells compared with controls. These results support a major role for SHIP in modulating pathways important in homeostasis and regeneration of hematopoietic stem cells, and emphasize the importance of negative cytokine regulation at the earliest stages of hematopoiesis. (Blood. 2003;102:3541-3547)

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Trudo, Sabrina, Rosa Moreno, Jeong Hoon Pan, Daniel Gallaher, Jae Kyeom Kim, Jianmin Chai, and Jiangchao Zhao. "Cruciferous Vegetable Intake Results in Differentially Modified Gut Microbiome Composition of Mice Fed a High Fat Diet or a Western Diet." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 1595. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa062_052.

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Abstract Objectives Cruciferous (CRU; rich in glucosinolates) and apiaceous (API; rich in furanocoumarins) vegetable intake decrease colon cancer risk markers, likely through different mechanisms. Previous reports suggest background diets influence efficacy of bioactives. Here, we determined the effects on the composition of the gut microbiome of CRU and API supplementation to different background diets, diet-induced obesity (DIO) and the total western diet (TWD). Methods C57BL/6J male mice were fed standard diet (AIN93G), DIO, DIO with 21% (w/w) CRU (DIO + CRU), DIO with 21% (w/w) API (DIO + API), TWD, TWD with CRU (TWD + CRU), or TWD with API (TWD + API). After 12 weeks, cecal contents were collected for 16S rRNA sequencing and data analyzed by mothur. Results There were no differences in body weight gain except mice fed DIO + CRU gained more than mice fed AIN-93G or TWD. Lachnospiraceae was increased by CRU supplementation to both DIO and TWD and by API supplementation to TWD. CRU increased alpha diversity [Shannon Index, number of observed Operational Taxonomic Unit (OTUs)] compared to DIO and TWD. Regarding beta diversity, DIO + CRU showed distinct cluster compared to DIO (Bray-Curtis, ANOSIM, R = 0.35, P < 0.001; Jaccard distance, R = 0.47, P < 0.001). TWD + CRU showed distinct cluster compared to TWD (Bray-Curtis, R = 0.59, P < 0.001; Jaccard distance, R = 0.62, P < 0.001). API did not change alpha diversity, but did affect beta diversities with distinct clusters between API groups and their basal diet groups (Jaccard distance, R = 0.36 and 0.31 for DIO and TWD, respectively, P < 0.05). Among top 25 discriminating features between DIO and TWD and their supplementation of API and CRU, there were 9 shared OTUs including Lachnospiraceae, Clostridium XlVa, Clostridiales, Eisenbergiella, and Clostridium IV. Akkermansia were decreased in DIO + CRU compared with DIO. In TWD panel, Bifidobacterium and Erysipelotrichaceae decreased in TWD + CRU, while Turicibacter were identified as TWD + CRU signature. Erysipelotrichaceae and Bifidobacterium differentiated AIN-93G, DIO, and TWD. Conclusions CRU supplementation of DIO and TWD altered gut microbiome composition with some differences based on background diet. API also altered composition, albeit to a lesser extent. Funding Sources University of Arkansas, Fulbright Nicaragua Fellow.

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Li, Zeli, Kexin Zhang, Lixue Qiu, Shaowu Ding, Huaili Wang, Zhiguang Liu, Min Zhang, and Zhanbo Wei. "Soil Microbial Co-Occurrence Patterns under Controlled-Release Urea and Fulvic Acid Applications." Microorganisms 10, no. 9 (September 12, 2022): 1823. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10091823.

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The increasing amount of agricultural applications of controlled-release urea (CRU) and fulvic acids (FA) demands a better understanding of FA’s effects on microbially mediated nitrogen (N) nutrient cycling. Herein, a 0–60 day laboratory experiment and a consecutive pot experiment (2016–2018) were carried out to reveal the effects of using CRU on soil microbial N-cycling processes and soil fertility, with and without the application of FA. Compared to the CRU treatment, the CRU+FA treatment boosted wheat yield by 22.1%. To reveal the mechanism of CRU+FA affecting the soil fertility, soil nutrient supply and microbial community were assessed and contrasted in this research. From 0–60 days, compared with the CRU treatment, leaching NO3−-N content of CRU+FA was dramatically decreased by 12.7–84.2% in the 20 cm depth of soil column. Different fertilizers and the day of fertilization both have an impact on the soil microbiota. The most dominant bacterial phyla Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria were increased with CRU+FA treatment during 0–60 days. Network analysis revealed that microbial co-occurrence grew more intensive during the CRU+FA treatment, and the environmental change enhanced the microbial community. The CRU+FA treatment, in particular, significantly decreased the relative abundance of Sphingomonas, Lysobacter and Nitrospira associated with nitrification reactions, Nocardioides and Gaiella related to denitrification reactions. Meanwhile, the CRU+FA treatment grew the relative abundance of Ensifer, Blastococcus, and Pseudolabrys that function in N fixation, and then could reduce NH4+-N and NO3−-N leaching and improve the soil nutrient supply. In conclusion, the synergistic effects of slow nutrition release of CRU and growth promoting of FA could improve the soil microbial community of N cycle, reduce the loss of nutrients, and increase the wheat yield.

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Reuten, Christian, R. Dan Moore, and Garry K. C. Clarke. "Quantifying Differences between 2-m Temperature Observations and Reanalysis Pressure-Level Temperatures in Northwestern North America." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 50, no. 4 (April 2011): 916–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010jamc2498.1.

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AbstractIn northwestern North America, which is a large area with complex physiography, Climatic Research Unit (CRU) Time Series, version 2.1, (TS 2.1) gridded monthly mean 2-m temperatures are systematically lower than interpolated monthly averaged North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) pressure-level temperatures––in particular, in the winter. Quantification of these differences based on CRU gridded observations can be used to estimate pressure-level temperatures from CRU 2-m temperatures (1901–2002) that predate the NARR period (since 1979). Such twentieth-century pressure-level temperature fields can be used in glacier mass-balance modeling and as an alternative to calibrating general circulation model control runs, avoiding the need for accurate boundary layer parameterization. In this paper, an approach is presented that is transferable to moisture, wind, and other 3D fields with potential applications in wind power generation, ecology, and air quality. At each CRU grid point, the difference between CRU and NARR is regressed against seven predictors in CRU (mean temperature, daily temperature range, precipitation, vapor pressure, cloud cover, and number of wet and frost days) for the period of overlap between CRU and NARR (1979–2002). Bayesian model averaging (BMA) is used to avoid overfitting the CRU–NARR differences and underestimating uncertainties. In cross validations, BMA provides reliable posterior predictions of the CRU–NARR differences and outperforms predictions from three alternative models: the constant model (24-yr mean), the regression model of highest Bayesian model probability, and the full model retaining all seven predictors in CRU.

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Bianquis, Isabelle, and Isabella Borissova. "À la frontière du cru." Techniques & culture, no. 69 (May 17, 2018): 108–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/tc.8899.

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Trigano, Shmuel. "« Ce que j’ai cru penser »." Pardès 61, no. 2 (2017): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/parde.061.0010.

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Dumons, Bruno. "Parachutés et « hommes du cru »." Politix 76, no. 4 (2006): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/pox.076.0121.

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Van Liefferinge, Carine. "Les Grecs et le cru." Kernos, no. 27 (November 1, 2014): 75–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/kernos.2272.

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Adamowicz, Eliza, and Jean Pouillon. "Le cru et le su." Man 29, no. 2 (June 1994): 497. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2804520.

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Langley-Danysz, Pernette. "Guerre déclarée au lait cru." Biofutur 1999, no. 189 (May 1999): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0294-3506(99)80382-2.

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Bilodeau, Denyse. "Du cru sur le mur." Études littéraires 19, no. 2 (1986): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/500757ar.

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Temperville, Isabelle. "Être cru pour enfin douter." Gestalt 34, no. 1 (2008): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/gest.034.0029.

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Panchout, Etienne, Isabelle Sebri, and Anne Demeester. "SIFEM 2022, version grand cru." Pédagogie Médicale 23, no. 4 (2022): 177–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/pmed/2022039.

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Helal, Mohamed I. D., Mohamed M. El-Mogy, Hassan A. Khater, Muhammad A. Fathy, Fatma E. Ibrahim, Yuncong C. Li, Zhaohui Tong, and Karima F. Abdelgawad. "A Controlled-Release Nanofertilizer Improves Tomato Growth and Minimizes Nitrogen Consumption." Plants 12, no. 10 (May 15, 2023): 1978. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12101978.

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Minimizing the consumption of agrochemicals, particularly nitrogen, is the ultimate goal for achieving sustainable agricultural production with low cost and high economic and environmental returns. The use of biopolymers instead of petroleum-based synthetic polymers for CRFs can significantly improve the sustainability of crop production since biopolymers are biodegradable and not harmful to soil quality. Lignin is one of the most abundant biopolymers that naturally exist.In this study, controlled-release fertilizers were developed using a biobased nanocomposite of lignin and bentonite clay mineral as a coating material for urea to increase nitrogen use efficiency. Five types of controlled-release urea (CRU) were prepared using two ratios of modified bentonite as well as techniques. The efficiency of the five controlled-release nano-urea (CRU) fertilizers in improving the growth of tomato plants was studied under field conditions. The CRU was applied to the tomato plants at three N levels representing 100, 50, and 25% of the recommended dose of conventional urea. The results showed that all CRU treatments at the three N levels significantly enhanced plant growth parameters, including plant height, number of leaves, fresh weight, and dry weight, compared to the control. Additionally, most CRU fertilizers increased total yield and fruit characteristics (weight, length, and diameter) compared to the control. Additionally, marketable yield was improved by CRU fertilizers. Fruit firmness and acidity of CRU treatments at 25 and 50% N levels were much higher than both the 100% CRU treatment and the control. The vitamin C values of all CRU treatments were lower than the control. Nitrogen uptake efficiencies (NUpE) of CRU treatments were 47–88%, which is significantly higher than that of the control (33%). In conclusion, all CRU treatments at an N level of 25% of the recommended dose showed better plant growth, yield, and fruit quality of tomatoes than the conventional fertilizer.

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Liu, Jing, Guoliang Zhu, Guifang Shi, Wenping Yi, and Qiang Xiao. "Assessment of Yield and Nitrogen Utilization of the Mixed CRU and Urea in Wheat–Maize Production in a 5-Year Field Trial." Sustainability 14, no. 22 (November 11, 2022): 14943. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142214943.

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To identify the general pattern of impact of the application of the mixed controlled-release urea (CRU) with urea (C-U) on grain yield, plant characteristics, NUE and soil nitrogen contents in wheat–maize production, a 5-year field trial with three release longevity and four ratios of CRU in C-U and common urea alone (U) was carried out in the North China Plain. Results with meta-analysis revealed that C-U had significant effects on grain yield and plant characteristics, NUE and soil NO3−-N contents in wheat–maize production positively with the release longevity of CRU and the ratio of CRU-N in C-U. The application of C-U with 60 d or 90 d CRU for wheat and maize had the best overall effects, while C-U treatment with 30 d CRU had a significant inhibitory effect. For maize, C-U with 30% CRU-N had the largest increase rate on yield, 1000-grain weight, plant height, dry weight and NUE by 5.13%, 1.61%, 3.70%, 11.33%, and 8.63%, respectively, while C-U with 40% CRU-N had the largest reduction soil NO3−-N. For wheat, the application of C-U with 40% CRU-N had a significant effect on yield, sterile spikelet number, and NUE by 4.45%, −9.76%, and −8.04%, respectively. To conclude, the use of the C-U with appropriate release longevity and the ratio of CRU has great potential to proliferate wheat–maize yields and reduce fertilizer loss especially for maize that not only provides an effective generic methodology for agriculture to improve measures but also ensures profitability.

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McKenzie, R. H., E. Bremer, A. B. Middleton, P. G. Pfiffner, and R. E. Dowbenko. "Controlled-release urea for winter wheat in southern Alberta." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 87, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 85–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s06-055.

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The recent development of low-cost controlled-release urea (CRU) may provide additional options for N fertilization of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Two field experiments were conducted over 3 yr at three locations in southern Alberta to evaluate different options of applying CRU to winter wheat. In the first experiment, three N fertilizers (20-day CRU, 40-day CRU and urea) were seed-placed and side-banded at the time of seeding at 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg N ha-1. Stand densities were substantially reduced by seedrow application of urea at rates greater than 30 kg N ha-1, but were unaffected by seedrow application of CRU, even at the highest rate of N application. When N fertilizer was sidebanded, stand densities were unaffected by fertilizer type or N rate. Yield gains due to N application were reduced by application of high rates of seed-placed urea, but similar for other treatments. Grain protein concentration and N uptake were also similar for CRU and seed-placed urea. In the second experiment, three N fertilizers (CRU, urea and ammonium nitrate) were broadcast at 30 kg N ha-1 in early spring on plots that had received 0, 30 or 60 kg N ha-1 of CRU at the time of seeding. Inadequate release of spring broadcast CRU was indicated by reduced grain protein concentrations relative to conventional N fertilizers. Under the conditions experienced in our study, CRU substantially increased the maximum safe rate of seed-placed urea, provided minimal benefits to N response relative to side-banded urea, and was less effective than conventional N fertilizers when broadcast in early spring. Key words: N fertilizer use efficiency, slow release, winter survival

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Setiadipura, Topan, and Jim C. Kuijper. "The effects of fuel type on control rod reactivity of pebble-bed reactor." Nukleonika 64, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/nuka-2019-0017.

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Abstract As a crucial core physics parameter, the control rod reactivity has to be predicted for the control and safety of the reactor. This paper studies the control rod reactivity calculation of the pebble-bed reactor with three scenarios of UO2, (Th,U)O2, and PuO2 fuel type without any modifications in the configuration of the reactor core. The reactor geometry of HTR-10 was selected for the reactor model. The entire calculation of control rod reactivity was done using the MCNP6 code with ENDF/B-VII library. The calculation results show that the total reactivity worth of control rods in UO2-, (U,Th)O2-, and PuO2-fueled cores is 15.87, 15.25, and 14.33%Δk/k, respectively. These results prove that the effectiveness of total control rod in thorium and uranium cores is almost similar to but higher than that in plutonium cores. The highest reactivity worth of individual control rod in uranium, thorium and plutonium cores is 1.64, 1.44, and 1.53%Δk/k corresponding to CR8, CR1, and CR5, respectively. The other results demonstrate that the reactor can be safely shutdown with the control rods combination of CR3+CR5+CR8+CR10, CR2+CR3+CR7+CR8, and CR1+CR3+CR6+CR8 in UO2-, (U,Th)O2-, and PuO2-fueled cores, respectively. It can be concluded that, even though the calculation results are not so much different, however, the selection of control rods should be considered in the pebble-bed core design with different scenarios of fuel type.

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Cui, Peiyuan, Xiaozhou Sheng, Zhixuan Chen, Qianqian Ning, Haipeng Zhang, Hao Lu, and Hongcheng Zhang. "Optimizing One-Time Nitrogen Fertilization for Rice Production Using Controlled-Release Urea and Urease Inhibitors." Agronomy 14, no. 1 (December 27, 2023): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14010067.

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One-time fertilization with controlled-release urea (CRU) is a research hotspot for its lower labor cost and stability of nitrogen (N) supply for rice growth. Yet the fertilizer formulation needs to be further improved to better adjust the N supplement to meet the demand of rice plants and obtain a higher grain yield. Therefore, the effects of novel fertilizer formulations composed of CRU, urease inhibitor (UI) and nitrification inhibitor (NI) on the rice growth and photosynthetic characteristics as well as high-yield formation were tested through a two-year field experiment. The result indicated that the combined use of CRU and UI treatment can achieve higher yields than with CRU at the same N application level. Meanwhile, with a 20% reduction of N use, one-time application of CRU + UI can obtain the same high yield as the conventional split application of urea. Compared with conventional fertilization and CRU treatment, the CRU + UI treatment had suitable leaf area and biomass accumulation at the vegetative growth stage and high effective stem tiller rate. More post-anthesis dry matter accumulation, higher net photosynthesis rate and low senescence rate were guaranteed for its high yield and nitrogen agronomic efficiency.

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Rebel, VI, CL Miller, CJ Eaves, and PM Lansdorp. "The repopulation potential of fetal liver hematopoietic stem cells in mice exceeds that of their liver adult bone marrow counterparts." Blood 87, no. 8 (April 15, 1996): 3500–3507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v87.8.3500.bloodjournal8783500.

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Varying, limiting numbers of unseparated or purified cells (Ly-5.1), either from 14.5-day-old fetal liver (FL) or from adult bone marrow (BM) were coinjected with 10(5) unseparated BM cells (Ly-5.2) into lethally irradiated adult C57B1/6 recipients (Ly-5.2). The kinetics of donor cell repopulation of the lymphoid and myeloid compartments by Ly- 5.1+ donor hematopoietic stem cells (ie, competitive repopulation units [CRU]) were monitored at various time points after the transplantation by Ly-5 analysis of the peripheral white blood cells (WBC). Recipients that had received on average less than 2 adult BM or FL CRU did not show a significant difference in the level of donor-reconstitution when analyzed 4 weeks after the transplantation, However, at 8 and 16 weeks, the FL recipients showed a significantly higher percentage of donor- derived nucleated peripheral blood cells than did the recipients of adult BM cells. Analysis of individual mice showed that approximately 80% of the recipients of FL CRU showed an increase in mature WBC output between 4 and 8 weeks after transplantation, whereas this occurred in less than 40% in the recipients of adult BM cells. In addition to this effect on mature cell output, the cellularity of the reconstituted BM was significantly higher in recipients of FL CRU than in recipients of adult BM CRU, even at 7 to 9 months after transplantation, which is consistent with an increased clonal expansion of FL CRU. When marrow cells from primary recipients of FL CRU were injected into secondary recipients, a significantly higher percentage of these mice showed donor-reconstitution of their lymphoid and myeloid compartments (P < .01) and to a greater extent (P < .008) as compared with mice that had received marrow cells from primary recipients of similar numbers of adult BM CRU. Taken together, these results show that individual FL CRU exhibit a greater proliferative activity in vivo than similar cells from adult BM that is accompanied by a greater production of daughter CRU.

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Malhi, S. S., Y. K. Soon, C. A. Grant, R. Lemke, and N. Lupwayi. "Influence of controlled-release urea on seed yield and N concentration, and N use efficiency of small grain crops grown on Dark Gray Luvisols." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 90, no. 2 (May 1, 2010): 363–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss09102.

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Field experiments were conducted on Dark Gray Luvisolic soils (Typic Cryoboralf) from 2004 to 2006 (wheat-canola-barley rotation) near Star City, Saskatchewan, and from 2004 to 2007 (barley-canola-wheat-barley rotation) near Beaverlodge, Alberta. The aim was to compare the effects of controlled-release urea (CRU) vs. conventional urea (hereafter called urea) on seed yield and N (i.e., protein) concentration, and N use efficiency (NUE). The treatments were combinations of tillage system [conventional tillage (CT) and no tillage (NT)], and N source (urea, CRU and a blended mixture), placement method (spring-banded, fall-banded and split application) and application rate (0-90 kg N ha-1). There was no tillage × fertilizer treatment interaction on the measured crop variables. Seed yield and crop N uptake and, to a lesser degree, seed N concentration generally increased with N application to 90 kg N ha-1. Fall-banded CRU or urea generally produced lower crop yield and N uptake than spring-banded CRU or urea. Split application of urea (half each at seeding and tillering) resulted in higher seed yield and N concentration in at least 3 of 7 site-years than did CRU and urea applied at a similar rate. A blend of urea and CRU was as effective as spring-banded CRU (at Star City only). Seed yield, N recovery and NUE were higher with spring-banded CRU than urea in 2 site-years, and similar to urea in other site-years. We conclude that for boreal soils of the Canadian prairies, spring-banded CRU is as effective as urea, and in some years more effective, in increasing crop yield and N recovery; however, urea split application can be even more effective in addition to having an advantage in managing risk.Key words: Controlled-release urea, Gray Luvisol, nitrogen source, nitrogen recovery, nitrogen use efficiency, tillage systems

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Pawliuk, R., C. Eaves, and RK Humphries. "Evidence of both ontogeny and transplant dose-regulated expansion of hematopoietic stem cells in vivo." Blood 88, no. 8 (October 15, 1996): 2852–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v88.8.2852.bloodjournal8882852.

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Recent assessment of the long-term repopulating activity of defined subsets of hematopoietic cells has offered new insights into the characteristics of the transplantable stem cells of this system; however, as yet, there is very little known about mechanisms that regulate their self-renewal in vivo. We have now exploited the ability to quantitate these cells using the competitive repopulating unit (CRU) assay to identify the role of both intrinsic (ontological) and extrinsic (transplanted dose-related) variables that may contribute to the regulation of CRU recovery in vivo. Ly5.1 donor cells derived from day-14.5 fetal liver (FL) or the bone marrow (BM) of adult mice injected 4 days previously with 5-fluorouracil were transplanted at doses estimated to contain 10, 100, or 1,000 long-term CRU into irradiated congenic Ly5.2 adult recipient mice. Eight to 12 months after transplantation, there was a complete recovery of BM cellularity and in vitro clonogenic progenitor numbers and a nearly full recovery of day-12 colony-forming unit-spleen numbers irrespective of the number or origin of cells initially transplanted. In contrast, regeneration of Ly5.1+ donor-derived CRU was incomplete in all cases and was dependent on both the origin and dose of the transplant, with FL being markedly superior to that of adult BM. As a result, the final recovery of the adult marrow CRU compartment ranged from 15% to 62% and from 1% to 18% of the normal value in recipients of FL and adult BM transplantation, respectively, with an accompanying maximum CRU amplification of 150-fold for recipients of FL cells and 15-fold for recipients of adult BM cells. Interestingly, the extent of CRU expansion from either source was inversely related to the number of CRU transplanted. These data suggest that recovery of mature blood cell production in vivo may activate negative feedback regulatory mechanisms to prematurely limit stem cell self-renewal ability. Proviral integration analysis of mice receiving retrovirally transduced BM cells confirmed regeneration of totipotent lymphomyeloid repopulating cells and provided evidence for a greater than 300-fold clonal amplification of a single transduced stem cell. These results highlight the differential regenerative capacities of CRU from fetal and adult sources that likely reflect intrinsic, genetically defined determinants of CRU expansion but whose contribution to the magnitude of stem cell amplification ultimately obtained in vivo is also strongly influenced by the initial number of CRU transplanted. Such findings set the stage for attempts to enhance CRU regeneration by administration of agents that may enable full expression of regenerative potential or through the expression of intracellular gene products that may alter intrinsic regenerative capacity.

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Azeem, Babar, Ku Zilati Ku Shaari, Zakaria Man, and Duvvuri Subbarao. "Recent Advancements on Superabsorbent Polymers to Produce Controlled Release Urea (Short Review)." Applied Mechanics and Materials 625 (September 2014): 761–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.625.761.

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Controlled release urea (CRU) is produced to avoid nitrogen losses caused by volatilization, leaching and denitrification. Superabsorbent polymer materials have recently caught the attention of research circles to be used as coating materials to produce CRU. This review portrays recent advancements on the use of superabsorbent polymer materials to produce CRU with special focus on release experiments.

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da Costa, Daniella Rodrigues, Dienisfer Silva dos Santos, Ana Paula Borges da Costa, José Roberto da Costa Júnior, and Karyne Oliveira Coelho. "Detecção de caseinomacropeptídeo em leite cru." Enciclopédia Biosfera 13, no. 24 (December 14, 2016): 373–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.18677/encibio_2016b_034.

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Richoux, Charlotte. "La roulette russe : le risque cru." Topique 107, no. 2 (2009): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/top.107.0091.

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Morgano, Marcelo Antonio, Luís Fernando Pauluci, Dilza Maria Bassi Mantovani, and Emília Emico Miya Mory. "Determinação de minerais em café cru." Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos 22, no. 1 (January 2002): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0101-20612002000100004.

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Molénat, Xavier. "2015, bon cru pour les riches." Alternatives Économiques N° 372, no. 10 (October 1, 2017): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/ae.372.0083.

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Marmande, Francis. "Du cru, du cran et Ducourtray." Lignes 6, no. 2 (1989): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/lignes0.006.0068.

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Candido, Fernanda dos Santos, Talita Oliveira Mendonça, Dayane da Silva Zanini, Mayra Meneguelli, Felipe Mateus Berndt, and Igor Mansur Muniz. "Qualidade microbiológica do leite cru refrigerado." Research, Society and Development 9, no. 11 (November 5, 2020): e839119584. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i11.9584.

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Visando o padrão de qualidade Italac Alimentos, onde seus produtos estão em mais de vinte mil pontos de vendas no país e em prol da comunidade em parceria com a universidade foi avaliado a qualidade da matéria prima que chega direto do produtor na indústria. O objetivo nesse trabalho foi analisar a qualidade microbiológica do leite cru em 27 tanques entre ordenha manual e ordenha mecânica em propriedades rurais do município de Rolim de Moura - RO. As amostras foram analisadas pelo método do número mais provável (NMP). Os resultados revelaram que 100% das amostras foram positivas para coliformes totais e 60% para coliformes termotolerantes. Havendo diferença significativa entre os tipos de ordenha, onde 50% das amostras de ordenha mecânica foram negativas para E. coli, nas de ordenha manuais apenas 17,64% foram negativas, evidenciando a necessidade de um maior controle de qualidade e orientação ao produtor sobre melhores técnicas de higiene.

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Dutau, G., and F. Lavaud. "Le CFA 2015 : un grand cru !" Revue Française d'Allergologie 55, no. 4 (June 2015): 277–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.reval.2015.05.001.

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Benaderette, Serge. "Charges et produits : un cru exceptionnel." Option/Bio 29, no. 585-586 (September 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0992-5945(18)30324-6.

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Lucey, Brian M., and Liam Devine. "Was wine a premier cru investment?" Research in International Business and Finance 34 (May 2015): 33–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ribaf.2014.09.003.

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Marino, B. F., W. S. G. Walker, and E. Budding. "The eclipsing binary system W Cru." Astrophysics and Space Science 150, no. 1 (1988): 103–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00714157.

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Journal articles on the topic 'CRU'

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