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Umthong, Supawadee, Songchan Puthong, and Chanpen Chanchao. "Trigona laeviceps Propolis from Thailand: Antimicrobial, Antiproliferative and Cytotoxic Activities." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 37, no. 05 (January 2009): 855–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x09007338.
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Propolis is one of the natural bee products which has long been used as a crude preventative and prophylactic medicine, and has been reported to possess antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative and anticancer properties. Propolis of the stingless bee, Trigona laeviceps, was extracted by water or methanol at 35% (w/v) yielding a crude water or a methanolic extract at 60 and 80 mg/ml, respectively, which is 17.1 and 22.9% (w/w) of the total propolis, respectively. The antimicrobial activity of both crude extracts was assayed on four selected pathogenic microbes by using the agar well diffusion method. The results suggested that both water and methanolic crude extracts have some antimicrobial activities, water extract has greater antimicrobial activity than methanolic extract. The relative order of sensitivity of the four microbes were, however, the same between the two extracts from the most to least sensitive, S. aureus > E. coli ≫ C. albicans ⋙ A. niger, with indeed no observed growth inhibition of A. niger at all. Antiproliferative and cytotoxic affects were tested on the colon carcinoma cell line, SW620, using the three parameters: (1) MTT assay; (2) cell morphology; and (3) the fragmentation of genomic DNA. The water extract of propolis showed a higher antiproliferative activity than that of methanolic extract to SW620 cells, additionally both appeared to cause cell death by necrosis.
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Junthip, Rattanabhorn, Doungporn Amornlerdpison, and Thitiphan Chimsook. "Phytochemical Screening, Antioxidant Activity and Total Phenolic Content of Spirogyra spp." Advanced Materials Research 699 (May 2013): 693–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.699.693.
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A freshwater macroalga, Spirogyra spp., were analyzed for its phytochemical composition, antioxidant activity and total phenolic content (Folin−Ciocalteu method). Phytochemical analysis of Spirogyra neglecta revealed presence of phenolics, tannins, glycosides and saponins. The crude extraction of Spirogyra spp. was carried out using two solvents via, methanol (methanolic extract) and water (aqueous extract). The total phenolic contents of crude extracts were shown at 346.58±1.61 and 589.77±1.65 mg gallic acid equivalents/g extract in aqueous and methanolic extracts, respectively. The antioxidant capacity of aqueous and methanolic extract was estimated by two different methods; ABTS assay, and DPPH assay. The antioxidant activity of two extracts is affected by the extracting solvent and different assay. In the DPPH scavenging assay and ABTS assay, both extracts showed high antioxidant activity. In addition, the high correlation between results of all antioxidant activities and total phenolic content was found. The rapid TLC assay in methanolic extract is considered as the rapid test to evaluate the antioxidant activity of natural compounds. The compounds showing four bands at Rf = 0.25, 0.35, 0.42, 0.64. This study showed that Spirogyra spp. might constitute an important source of natural antioxidants.
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Nahar, Ummey Jannatun, and Shah Marzia Mahjabin Lina. "Evaluation of antioxidant activity and cytotoxic potential of Cryp-tocoryne ciliata." International Current Pharmaceutical Journal 2, no. 2 (January 1, 2013): 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v2i2.13196.
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Cryptocoryne ciliata belonging to the Araceae family has been investigated for isolation of its secondary metabolites and evaluation of biological activities of the crude extractives with special emphasis to the antioxidant activity and brine shrimp lethality bioassay. The whole plant was extracted with methanol and concentrated extract was partitioned using petroleum ether, carbon tetrachloride and ethyl acetate. Aqueous soluble fraction of the methanolic extract showed the highest antioxidant activity. The carbon tetrachloride soluble fraction of the methanolic extract and the ethyl acetate soluble fraction of the methanolic extract showed moderate antioxidant activity as compared to free antioxidant activity of tert-butyl-1-hydroxytolunene. In the brine shrimp lethality bioassay, among all extracts of whole plant of C. ciliata, the carbon tetrachloride soluble fraction of the methanolic extract showed strong cytotoxic activity. Aqueous soluble fraction of the methanolic extract, methanolic crude and ethyl acetate soluble fraction of the methanolic extract showed mild cytotoxity as compared to that of vincristine sulphate. The study confirms the mild to moderate antioxidant and moderate potent cytotoxic activities of C. ciliata plant extract as compared to reference standards and therefore demands the isolation of active principles and thorough bioassay.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v2i2.13196 International Current Pharmaceutical Journal 2013, 2(2): 38-41
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Deo, S. S., F. Inam, and R. P. Mahashabde. "Antimicrobial Activity and HPLC Fingerprinting of CrudeOcimumExtracts." E-Journal of Chemistry 8, no. 3 (2011): 1430–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/428019.
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The antimicrobial activity of crude methanolic and aqueous extracts ofOcimum sanctumandOcimum kilimandsacharicumagainst gram positive, gram negative and antifungal activity was evaluated to find the zone of inhibition and to set a HPLC profile or fingerprint of these extracts. The crude methanolic extract ofOcimum sanctumshowed strong antimicrobial activity againstS.aureusandC. albicansand moderate activity againstE. coliandB. subtilis. The crude methanolic extract ofOcimum kilimandsacharicumshowed strong antimicrobial activity againstS. aureus, E. coliandC. albicansat higher concentration, same as that shown by the standard forC. albicans. It showed moderate activity againstB. subtilis. The crude aqueous extracts of Ocimum sanctum showed strong antimicrobial activity againstS.aureusand moderate against others. Whereas the crude aqueous extracts ofOcimum kilimandsacharicumshowed moderate activity against the gram positive and gram negative organisms and strong activity againstC. albicansat higher concentration, same as that shown by the standard forC. albicans.
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Ferdous, Shifat E., Mamunur Rahman, Firoj Ahmed, and Md Abdul Muhit. "Phytochemical Analysis, Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities of Mucuna pruriens Leaves." Dhaka University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 20, no. 1 (June 14, 2021): 103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v20i1.54038.
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Mucuna pruriens is a tropical legume native to Africa, India and Bangladesh and is widely cultivated in tropical countries. In this study, a crude methanolic extract of the leaves of M. pruriens was investigated for its chemical constituents and to explore the phenolic and flavonoid content, antioxidant, cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities using established protocols. From the ethyl acetate soluble fraction of the crude methanol extract, three known compounds namely ferulic acid (1), 2-(5-methoxy-1-benzofuran-3-yl)-N-ethylethanamine (2) and stizolamine (3) were isolated and their structures were elucidated by the analysis of NMR spectral data. The crude extract was found to possess phenolic content of 216.16 μg/g whereas the concentration of flavonoid was found to 214.8 μg/g expressed in quercetin standard. Free radicals generated through DPPH were neutralized by crude methanolic extract and the IC50 value was obtained as 19.63 μg/ml. Regression analysis during brine shrimp lethality test enumerated LC50 value of crude methanolic extract at 10.72 μg/ml and was significant compared to the positive standard. The crude methanolic extract of leaf of M. pruriens did not show any significant antimicrobial activity against the organisms used in our test.
Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 20(1): 103-109, 2021 (June)
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Sariwati, Atmira, Inayah Fitri, Adi Setyo Purnomo, and Sri Fatmawati. "Phytochemical, Antibacterial, and Antioxidant Activities of Anthurium Hookerii leaves Extracts." HAYATI Journal of Biosciences 26, no. 3 (December 2, 2019): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.4308/hjb.26.3.101.
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Many plants of the family of Araceae possess significant benefit as medicinal plants. Anthurium hookerii is herbaceous genus of the family of Araceae. A. hookerii leaves were extracted with five dissimilarity solvents (methanolic, water, ethyl acetate, n-hexane, and dichloromethane). The extracts were evaluated for their phytochemical, total phenolic contents, and antibacterial potential. The presences of tannins and saponins were found in all crude extracts. The steroid was only found in dichloromethane extract, whereas flavonoid was obtained in methanol and water extracts. Besides; methanol, ethyl acetate, water, and n-hexane extracts showed triterpenoid contents. Alkaloid presences in ethyl acetate, methanolic, dichloromethane, and water extracts. The total phenol content was examined by Follin-Ciocalteu assay, which varied from 9.52-76.56 mg/g GAE. The highest total phenolic was found in methanol extract. Antioxidant activity was calculated based on diphenyl picryl hydrazyl radical scavenging ability that showed the scavenging activity with range 7.24-66.11%, which the methanoilic extract have the excellent antioxidant potential (IC50 232.90 µg/ml). Antibacterial activity of leaves extracts of A. hookerii was screened based on disc diffusion method. Water extract showed the wide spectrum antibacterial potential. Klebsiella sp., Bacillus subtilis, Pripioni agnes, and Strepticoccus mutans with maximum diameter of inhibition zone 10.30, 14.20, 9.60, and 15.10 mm, respectively.
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Natsir, Muhammad Halim, Osfar Sjofjan, and Reynaldy Hadi Ardyansyah. "Effect of Dietary Agaricus bisporus and Auricularia auricula Crude Extract Suplementation on Carcass Quality of Broiler." Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Hasil Ternak 15, no. 3 (November 1, 2020): 183–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jitek.2020.015.03.6.
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This research was conducted to examine Agaricus bisporus and Auricularia auricula crude extract using different solvents (water, ethanol, and methanol) on infrared spectroscopy absorbance during extraction and the impact on broiler carcass. Agaricus bisporus and Auricularia auricula crude extracts were scanned using fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Each mushroom crude extract was chosen and applied into broiler diets as feed additive at 0%, 0.4%, 0.8%, 1.2%, and compared zinc bacitracin inclusion. Variable measured were final live weight, carcass yield, breast meat yield, and abdominal fat yield of broiler. Two hundred and forty day-old chicks were randomly allocated into eight dietary treatments, each treatment was replicated three times with ten chicks for each pen. Diets and water were offered ad libitum. Methanolic extract showed monosaccharide absorption peak in fingerprint region at wavelength 890 cm-1, 930 cm-1, 1050 cm-1, 1150 cm-1 which indicates alpha and beta linkage than the others solvent. Even so, dietary inclusion of methanolic extracts of Agaricus bisporus and Auricularia auricula did not show any effect on final live weight and the yiled of carcass, breast meat and abdominal fat of broiler. In conclusion, methanolic extraction is effective to extract monosaccharides with α- and β- linkages from Agaricus bisporus and Auricularia auricula, while the dietary inclusion of methanolic extracts of both edible mushroom and zinc bacitracin has no effect on carcass quality of broilerin broiler diets did not show differences between treatments as well as zinc bacitracin group.
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Amin, M. N., M. S. Majumder, M. M. R. Moghal, S. Banik, A. Kar, and M. M. Hossain. "Anthelmintic and Cytotoxic Activities of Two Medicinal Plants: Polygonum viscosum and Aphanamixis polystachya Growing in Bangladesh." Journal of Scientific Research 6, no. 2 (April 24, 2014): 339–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v6i2.17299.
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The present study was designed to investigate in vitro anthelmintic and cytotoxic activities of crude methanolic extract of two plants(Polygonum viscosum and Aphanamixis polystachya) grown in Bangladesh. Evaluation of cytotoxic activity was done using the brine shrimp lethality bioassay. The crude methanolic extract of Polygonum viscosum showed significant cytotoxic potential (LC50 value of 6.34 ?g/ml) among all the fractions comparing with that of standard vincristine sulphate (0.825 ?g/ml). Besides, the LC50 values of crude methanolic extract, pet ether and chloroform extracts of Aphanamixis polystachya showed good cytotoxic activities 11, 10.36, and 16.45 µg/ml, respectively. The other study was undertaken to evaluate anthelmintic activity (using Pheretima posthuma model) where piperazine was used as reference standard. The crude methanolic extract of Polygonum viscosum leaves produced a significant anthelmintic activity in dose dependent manner and the activity of crude extract was comparable with that of standard drugs. Besides, the Aphanamixis polystachya extract revealed moderate anthelmintic activity. Here, the anova testing was done with the P < 0.05. Further studies are suggested to determine the active compounds responsible for the anthelmintic and cytotoxic activities of these two plant extracts. Keywords: Anthelmintic; Cytotoxic; Medicinal plant; Aphanamixis polystachya; Polygonum viscosu. © 2014 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v6i2.17299 J. Sci. Res. 6 (2), 339-345 (2014)
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Gupta, Aparajita, D. K. Maheshwari, and G. Khandelwal. "Antibacterial activity of Glycyrrhiza glabra roots against certain gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial strains." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 5, no. 2 (December 1, 2013): 459–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v5i2.354.
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The present study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial potency of grinded crude material (root of Glycyrrhiza glabra) against some gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial strains. Two solvents (methanol and acetone) were used to extract the phytochemicals from the test material. Four different concentrations (100%, 75%, 50% and 25%) of methanolic and acetonic extract were used to investigate the inhibiting properties against Salmonella typhi, Escherichia.coli, Vibrio cholerae, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus and Bacillus subtilis strains. Among methanol and acetone extracts, later exhibited low antibacterial activity. The 100% (w/v) concentration of both extracts showed maximum inhibition against B. subtilis followed by E. coli, S. aureus, B. cereus, S. typhi and V. Cholerae. Maximum activity in acetonic extract was obtained against B. cereus followed by S. typhi, E. coli, V. cholerae and S .aureus and minimum in B. subtilis. A reverse pattern of inhibition activity was found in both extacts (methanolic and acetonic) against B. subtilis. Maximum activity was found in methanolic extract against B. subtilis (18.6 mm) but it was only 14.3 mm against this strain in acetonic extract. The antibacterial activity of the crude samples corresponded to that of concentration. Hence there was positive correlation of antibacterial activity with the test material.
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Minhajur, Rahman M., M. Masud Alam, A. F. M. Shahid Ud Daula, Mohammad Shahriar, Md Mizanur Rahman Moghal, and Rokeya Siddiqui. "The Antimicrobial activity and Brine Shrimp Lethality Bioassay of Leaf extracts of Stephania japonica (Akanadi)." Bangladesh Journal of Microbiology 28, no. 2 (September 5, 2012): 52–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v28i2.11816.
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The purpose of the present study is to examine the antibacterial and cytotoxic properties of methanol extract of leaves of Stephania japonica. The crude methanolic extract of S. japonica, n-hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate soluble fractions of methanolic extract were screened for their antimicrobial activity against a wide range of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria by disc diffusion method. The crude extract showed moderate and n-Hexane, chloroform soluble fraction of crude extract showed mild antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Ethyl acetate soluble fraction of the extract showed significant antimicrobial activity against Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli and Bacillus cereus. The zones of inhibition produced by the crude methanolic extract, n-hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate soluble fractions were found to be 12.80-16.55 mm, 12.60 mm, 5-14.30 mm and 10-20.25 mm, respectively, at a concentration of 30 g/disc. Chloroform, n-hexane and ethyl acetate soluble fractions of methanolic extract of S. japonica were screened for antitumor properties using brine shrimp lethality bioassay. A reputed cytotoxic agent vincristine sulphate was used as a positive control. From the results of the brine shrimp lethality bioassay, it can be well predicted that chloroform and ethyl acetate soluble fractions of methanolic extract of S. japonica possess cytotoxic principles (with LC50 66.488 mg/ml and LC50 45.662 mg/ml, respectively) comparison with positive control vincristine sulphate (with LC50 0.839 mg/ml). But n-hexane soluble fractions of methanolic extract of S. japonica exhibited no lethality effect on shrimp nauplii. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v28i2.11816 Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 28, Number 2, December 2011, pp 52-56
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Saha, M. R., F. M. S. N. Ul Bari, M. A. Rahman, and M. A. Islam. "In Vitro Cytotoxic and Anthelmintic Activities of Leonurus sibiricus L." Journal of Scientific Research 4, no. 3 (August 29, 2012): 721–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v4i3.9998.
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This study investigated the cytotoxic and anthelmintic activities of Leonurus sibiricus L. (commonly known as Raktodrone in Bangladesh) belonging to the family Labiatae. The dried leaves and roots of L. sibiricus were extracted with methanol and fractionated by modified Kupchan method. The crude methanolic extracts as well as its soluble fractions of petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and chloroform were screened for cytotoxic activity using brine shrimp lethality bioassay. They were found to possess significant cytotoxic activities. The LC50 values of crude extract of leaves and its pet-ether, ethyl acetate and chloroform soluble fractions were 1.0, 2.0, 2.11 and1.33 µg/ml, respectively. On the other hand, the LC50 of crude methanolic extract of roots and fractions of pet-ether, ethyl acetate and chloroform were 2.0µg/ml, 2.81 µg/ml, 3.55 µg/ml and 7.58µg/ml, respectively. Vincristine sulphate was used as positive control. The crude methanol extract of leaves and roots also showed very good anthelmintic activities as determined against the earthworms, Pheretima posthuma. The study confirms the moderate anthelmintic and potent cytotoxic activities of leaf and root extracts of L. sibiricus.© 2012 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v4i3.9998 J. Sci. Res. 4 (3), 721-727 (2012)
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Daula, AFM Shahid Ud, Rokeya Siddiqui, Md Masud Alam, and Md Abul Hossain. "Studies on the Antimicrobial Activity and Brine Shrimp Toxicity of the Leaves Extract of Ageratum Conyzoides." Bangladesh Journal of Microbiology 29, no. 2 (June 25, 2016): 98–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v29i2.28443.
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The purpose of this study is to evaluate the antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties of the leaves extracts of Ageratum conyzoides L. Ageratum conyzoides has been utilized for the treatment of various ailments. The crude methanolic extract of Ageratum conyzoides, n-hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate soluble fractions of methanolic extracts were screened for their antimicrobial activity against a number of gram positive and gram negative bacteria by disk diffusion method. The crude extract and n-hexane soluble fraction of crude extract showed significant to moderate antimicrobial activity and chloroform, ethyl acetate soluble fraction of crude extract showed moderate to mild antibacterial activity against gram positive and gram negative bacteria. The zones of inhibition produced by the crude extract (methanolic extract), n-hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate soluble fractions were found to be 14.89 mm - 19.40 mm, 14 mm - 19.40 mm, 10.66 mm - 13.50 mm and 9.50 mm - 13.26 mm respectively at a concentration of 30 mg/disc. Chloroform, n-hexane and ethyl acetate soluble fractions of methanolic extract of Ageratum conyzoides were screened for antitumor properties using brine shrimp lethality bioassay. A reputed cytotoxic agent vincristine sulphate was used as a positive control. From the results of the brine shrimp lethality bioassay it can be well predicted that nhexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate soluble fractions of methanolic extract of Ageratum conyzoides possess cytotoxic activity on shrimp nauplii. The median lethal concentration (LC50, the concentration at which 50% mortality of brine shrimp nauplii occurred) of n-hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate were 245.42 mg/ml, 92.61 mg/ml and 6.35 mg/ml, respectively, comparison with positive control vincristine sulphate with 0.839 mg/ml.Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 29, Number 2, Dec 2012, pp 98-103
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Darapureddy, Chaitanya, K. R. S. Prasad, and Phani R.S. Ch. "Phytochemical Analysis and Comprehensive Evaluation of Pharmacological Activities, Isolation and Characterization of Bioactive Compound from the Bark of Sterculia urens Roxb." Asian Journal of Chemistry 33, no. 8 (2021): 1950–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2021.23277.
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The objective of the present study is to investigate the phytochemical constituents by qualitative and quantitative analysis, pharmacological activities such as antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, thrombolytic and antibacterial activities of different crude extracts from bark of Sterculia urens Roxb. Further, the preparative HPLC isolation and spectroscopic characterization of the bioactive phytochemical constituents were also carried out. Different solvents such as n-hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol and water were used to prepare the crude extracts from the bark using Soxhlet extraction apparatus. DPPH free radical scavenging assay (antioxidant), α-amylase inhibition assay (antidiabetic), albumin denaturation assay (anti-inflammatory), blood clot lysis method (thrombolytic) and well-diffusion method (antibacterial) were performed for the determination of pharmacological activities of the bark extracts. The preparative HPLC analysis was carried for the separation and purification of bioactive compounds and the identification of isolated compounds was carried using 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass spectroscopy. The quantitative estimation studies confirmed that methanolic extract contains 7.75 ± 0.141 GAE/g of phenolic compounds, 10.47 ± 0.033 mg of QE/g of flavonoids and 8.70 ± 0.047 mg/g of terpenoids. The ethyl acetate extract contains 2.16 ± 0.126 GAE/g of phenolic compounds whereas the aqueous extract contains 16.53 ± 0.055 mg/g of saponins. High DPPH radical scavenging was observed for methanolic extract with IC50 concentration of 85.38 ± 0.213 μg/mL. The α-amylase inhibition activity with IC50 concentrations of 145.67 ± 1.87, 98.36 ± 0.47 and 194.47 ± 0.55 μg/mL for ethyl acetate, methanol and aqueous extracts respectively. The albumin denaturation inhibition activity was found to be very high for methanolic extract with IC50 values of 132.08 ± 0.13 μg/mL which is near to the standard (107.13 ± 0.13 μg/mL). The % clot lysis of the methanolic extract in thrombolytic activity was found to be similar to the 100 μL of streptokinase (62.36 ± 0.140 %). Two terpenoids (One known terpenoid mansonone G and one new terpenoid) were isolated from the methanolic extract using preparative HPLC separation. Three known flavonoids (farrerol, apigenin and 6-hydroxyluteolin) and one new flavonoid were also isolated from the methanolic extract. The results suggested that bark extracts of Sterculia urens Roxb. having rich phytochemical constituents with high pharmacological activities.
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Aktar, Sharmin, Marzia Bilkiss, Faiza Tahia, Md Al Amin Sikder, Ridwan B. Rashid, and Mohammad A. Rashid. "Bioactivities of Chukrasia tabularis (A. Juss.)." Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 18, no. 2 (July 26, 2015): 126–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bpj.v18i2.24310.
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The methanol extracts of bark and leaves of Chukrasia tabularis and their organic and aqueous soluble materials were subjected to screenings for antioxidant, cytotoxic, thrombolytic, membrane stabilizing, antimicrobial, analgesic and antidiarrhoel activities. In the DPPH free radical scavenging assay, the methanolic extract of bark of C. tabularis and the aqueous soluble fraction of methanol extract of leaves of C. tabularis revealed the highest free radical scavenging activity with IC50 values of 2.95 ?g/ml and 5.31 ?g/ml, respectively. The pet ether soluble fraction of methanolic extract of leaves and bark of C. tabularis displayed the highest cytotoxic potential having LC50 values 0.0167 ?g/ml and 3.89 ?g/ml, as compared to standard vincristine sulphate (LC50 value of 0.45 ?g/ml). During thrombolytic assay, the aqueous soluble fraction of leaves and carbon tetrachloride soluble fraction of bark of C. tabularis showed 34.04% and 56.37% clot lysis, respectively. In the membrane stabilizing assay, the carbontetrachloride and aqueous soluble materials of methanol extract of leaf inhibited 21.03% and 49.68% hypotonic solution- and heat-induced haemolysis of RBC, respectively. The crude extract of leaves of C. tabularis exhibited mild antibacterial activity, while that of leaves and bark revealed significant central analgesic activity at 400 mg/kg body weight. The crude extracts demonstrated significant peripheral analgesic activity at 200- and 400- mg/kg body weight. On the other hand, the crude extract of leaves of C. tabularis revealed significant antidiarrhoel activity.Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 18(2): 126-131, 2015
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Suleman, Muhammad, Abu Ul Hassan, and Faiz Fakhr I. Abbas. "Antibacterial, Antiparasitic and Phytochemical Activities of Chenopodium Album (Bathua) Plant Extract." Bangladesh Journal of Botany 50, no. 2 (June 18, 2021): 417–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v50i2.54100.
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Evaluation of the antimicrobial, antiparasitic and phytochemical potential of medicinal plant Chenopodium album (Bathua) leaves extract was carried out. The plant extracts were prepared by using distilled water and methanol as an extraction solvents. Pure methanolic extract of leaves showed 15 mm against Staphylococcus auerus after 24 hrs. Aqueous extract showed no activity against S. auerus. Similarly in case of S. typhi pure methanolic leaves extract showed 13 mm. While standard discs gentamicin showed (DIZ) 18 mm after 24 hrs, different dilution inhibition zone was maximum in case of 100% pure extract, and decreased with increasing dilution. Minimum DIZ was observed at 25% and no zone at 5% dilution. Anthelmintic activity of crude methanolic extract of C. album leaves were tested, all extracts showed maximum corrected mortality of 100%, aqueous extract showed better antiparasitic activity than methanolic extract. It can be a potential source of therapeutic agent. Further analysis is needed for clinical trial. Phytochemicals screening was carried out which reveals the presence of alkaloids, tannins, phenols and flavonoids in studied plant extract. The nutritional analysis indicated that C. album may be a rich source of carbohydrate.
Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(2): 417-421, 2021 (June)
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Rahman, Md Abdur, Md Saddam Hussain, Md Shalahuddin Millat, and Md Mizanur Rahman Moghal. "Evaluation of In Vitro Antimicrobial and Anti-Inflammatory Potentials of Crude Methanolic Extracts of Excoecaria agallocha (Leaves)." International Journal of Pharmacology, Phytochemistry and Ethnomedicine 5 (October 2016): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ijppe.5.25.
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Excoecaria agallocha plant (Leaves) was analyzed to explore In Vitro antimicrobial and membrane stabilizing activities as a crude methanolic extract. Antimicrobial activity was performed against a wide range of Gram positive(+Ve) and Gram negative(-Ve) bacteria by using disc diffusion method and various methanolic extracts of leaves of E.agallocha was tested for determining membrane stabilizing activity at hypotonic solution and heat induce condition and standard acetyl salicylic acid (0.10 mg/mL) was employed as standard. the zones of inhibition created was found to be 1.3 cm at a concentration of 100 µL/ disc in case of Gram negative(-Ve) bacteria Salmonella typhi. The results obtained were compared with that of a standard Ampicillin (10 µL) and imipenem (10µL), penicillin (10µl), cefoxitine(30µl). Crude methanolic extract of 10mg/ml concentration showed maximum value of 17.67±0.0102 and 18.92±0.086% respectively under hypotonic solution and heat induced condition. Thus the result suggest that, crude methanolic extracts of E.agallocha possessed slight to moderate antimicrobial and membrane stabilizing properties.
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Lawal, Umar, L. Mansir, and M. G. Sani. "Phytochemical Analysis and Antifungal Activity of Ficus Sycomorus L. (Moraceae) Extracts on some Dermatophytic Fungi." UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research (UJMR) 6, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.47430/ujmr.2161.002.
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Ficus sycomorus L is a large, semi-deciduous spreading savannah tree that belongs to the family (Moraceae) is used by many tribes in the treatments of skin infections. The aim of this study was to carry out phytochemical analysis and antifungal evaluation of F. sycomorus L. stem and leaf Methanol extract on some dermatophytic fungi. The stem and leaf crude extracts were obtained after drying using maceration and percolation with methanol as the solvent. The extract was subjected to qualitative phytochemical screening as well as GC-MS analysis for the presence of bioactive constituents. The antifungal inhibitory effect of the crude stem and leaf extracts was assessed by agar well diffusion methods. The phytochemical screening revealed that the leaves and stem-bark contained secondary metabolites such as tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, reducing sugar and steroid. The GC-MS assay showed that the most prevailing compound in the methanolic stem-bark extract was 2, 9, Diazabicyclo (4, 4, 0) decane-3,10 dione, while in the methanolic leaves extract was acetic acid. The anti-dermatophytic assay of the extracts against Microsporum canis and Tricophyton tonsurans showed that the extracts inhibited the fungi with zones of inhibitions ranging from 6.33±0.47 to 24.33±0.47mm with the leaf extract exhibiting higher inhibition zones than the stem extract (p˂0.01). The study shows that both the stem and leaf methanol extract of Ficus sycomorus L possesses antifungal activity and should be considered as a potential antifungal agent in search of newer agents to address dermatophytic fungal infections Key words: Ficus sycomorus L, Phytochemical/GC-MS Analysis, Antifungal activity
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Abdullah, Faizuan, Noor Aida FaziraMohd Salleh, and Muhammad Luqman Selahuddeen. "Phytochemical and Toxicity Analysis of Leucas zeylanica crude extracts." Environmental and Toxicology Management 1, no. 2 (May 21, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.33086/etm.v1i2.2072.
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Leucas zeylanica (L.) R. Br. (L. zeylanica) originated from Lamiaceae family which is also known as “Pokok ketumbit” by local Malaysian is famous for therapeutic treatment uses especially in India and Sri Lanka. Throughout this study, four different solvents which were n-hexane, chloroform, methanol, and distilled water used in the extraction method using cold maceration technique. Optimization was done and methanol became the best solvent that produced highest percentage yield compared to the other solvents and also been chose to carry out a few other analysis. The extracts were subjected to qualitative and quantitative analyses to determine the phytochemical constituents present in aerial parts of L. zeylanica. The Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy – Attenuated Total Reflection (FTIR-ATR) results showed few significance peaks according to extracted solvents. Qualitative analysis on the methanolic extract showed that L. zeylanica contains phenol, flavonoid and tannin through phytochemical screening tests using colorimetric method. The Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) results demonstrated few fatty acids been extracted in both n-hexane and chloroform extracts with high peak area, while Liquid Chromatography Tandem with Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) results identified that chloroform extract showed fragment spectrum of tricin [M+H]+ ion at m/z 328.1 with retention time of 19.49 min, while methanol extract had two fragment spectrum of tricin and apigenin at m/z 282.3 and 270.4 in positive ion mode at 19.53 min and 16.70 min respectively. Quantitative analysis on methanolic extract was done via Ultra Violet-visible spectrophotometric assay for estimation of total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and total tannin content (TTC). TPC showed a gallic acid standard calibration curve, y = 0.0063x + 0.02 and estimated amount was 151.54 ± 0.04 mg of gallic acid equivalent/ 1 g of extract, meanwhile TFC displayed a quercetin standard calibration curve of y = 0.0050x + 0.037 and estimated amount of flavonoids was 71.76 ± 0.2 mg of quercetin equivalent/ 1 g of extract. Additionally, The toxicity test for the L. zeylanica extract showing that this compound is safe and non-toxic in term of skin irritation, cytotoxicity and also genotoxicity.
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Jerez-Martel, Idaira, Sara García-Poza, Gara Rodríguez-Martel, Milagros Rico, Cristina Afonso-Olivares, and Juan Luis Gómez-Pinchetti. "Phenolic Profile and Antioxidant Activity of Crude Extracts from Microalgae and Cyanobacteria Strains." Journal of Food Quality 2017 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/2924508.
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Aqueous and methanolic extracts of several microalgae (Ankistrodesmus sp., Spirogyra sp., Euglena cantabrica, and Caespitella pascheri) and cyanobacteria (Nostoc sp., Nostoc commune, Nodularia spumigena, Leptolyngbya protospira, Phormidiochaete sp., and Arthrospira platensis) were screened for their radical scavenging activity against the stable radical 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl. Despite the fact that water was a more efficient solvent to extract greater amount of extractable substances, it seems that methanol was more efficient to extract a selected group of compounds with a higher antioxidant activity. In addition, the identification of 4 simple phenolics (gallic, syringic, protocatechuic, and chlorogenic acids) and the flavonoids (+) catechin and (-) epicatechin was carried out by using reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography. The strain Euglena cantabrica showed the highest concentration of phenolic compounds, particularly gallic and protocatechuic acids (5.87 and 2.97 mg per gram of dried biomass, resp.). Aqueous and methanolic extracts of microalgae Euglena cantabrica also exhibited the highest antioxidant activity, probably due to the presence of the high contents of phenolics.
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YOUNES, Kareem M., Ramy M. ROMEILAH, Hossam S. EL-BELTAGI, Hani EL MOLL, Saravanan RAJENDRASOZHAN, Hany A. EL-SHEMY, and Emad A. SHALABY. "In-vitro evaluation of antioxidant and antiradical potential of successive extracts, semi-purified fractions and biosynthesized silver nanoparticles of Rumex vesicarius." Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 49, no. 1 (March 15, 2021): 12293. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha49112293.
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The aim of the present study was to assess in vitro the antiradical and antioxidant activities of successive extracts and semi-purified fractions from Rumex vesicarius L. In the present work, three extracts (n-Hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol) and 22 column fractions of methanolic extract (as promising extract) were evaluated against 2,2-diphenyl- 1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) and 2,2-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline- 6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging methods as antiradical and antioxidant activities compared with Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) as synthetic standard and silver nanoparticles of methanolic extract (Ag-NPs-Me), in addition to analysis of chemical constituents of extract and fraction using Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The obtained results revealed that, both methods go parallel showing that the concentration of extract and incubation time are dependent and proportional with phenolic compounds concentration. Absolute methanol extract recorded the highest antioxidant activity when compared with the other crude extracts with 79.3 and 78.8% against DPPH and ABTS respectively when compared with BHT as synthetic standard (89.4 and 89.9%) against DPPH and ABTS respectively. Calculation of the antiradical activity units showed the highest values of methanolic extract and its promising fraction (No. 12) after 300 seconds (5 minutes) comparing with antioxidant activity (30 min). Also, the antioxidant activity increased with synthetic Ag-NPs-Me when compared with methanolic extract by (IC50= 53.9 and 74.6 µg/ml respectively). Thus, the GC-MS analysis of successive extracts of R. vesicarius L showed a highly complex profile, containing approximately 24 different components. One pure compound was identified from fraction No. 12. The identified compound was l-(+)- ascorbic acid 2, 6-dihexadecanoate. The data also revealed presence of closely similar antioxidant activities in methanolic extract or its pure compounds with BHT when mixed at different proportions. From the obtained results it could be concluded that R. vesicarius methanolic extracts and fractions can be extensively used in the production of potential antioxidant, antiradical and AgNPs-Me for biomedical application on the consumer’s health.
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Ghosh, Chandreyi, and Sayantan Banerjee. "FLORAL EXTRACTS OF ALLAMANDA BLANCHETII AND ALLAMANDA CATHARTICA ARE COMPARATIVELY HIGHER RESOURCE OF ANTI-OXIDANTS AND POLYSACCHARIDES THAN LEAF AND STEM EXTRACTS." International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research 10, no. 4 (July 16, 2018): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijcpr.2018v10i4.28458.
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Objective: The present study undertakes a comparative analysis of the level of secondary metabolites present in the leaf, flower and stem of the two ornamental plants, Allamanda blanchetii and Allamanda cathartica.Methods: The two plant species, Allamanda blanchetii and Allamanda cathartica were collected, washed, shade dried in room temperature and powered in mechanical grinder. Phytochemicals were extracted from the power with methanol and double distilled water. The estimation of flavonoids, polyphenols, polysaccharide were done by standard methods and the anti-oxidant activity was measured by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) discoloration assay.Results: Our study reveals that the flower of both species contain highest amount of secondary metabolites in crude methanolic and aqueous extracts. In case of leaf, the methanolic extracts contain higher amount of polyphenol, flavonoid and anti-oxidant property in comparison to aqueous extracts, where as the aqueous extract contain higher amount of polysaccharide content than its counterpart. In stem, crude organic extract has higher amount of polyphenol and flavonoid and the aqueous extract has higher amount of polysaccharide and anti-oxidant property.Conclusion: The flower of Allamanda cathartica and Allamanda blanchetii has higher amount of flavonoids, polyphenols, polysaccharide and the floral extracts display comparatively higher anti-oxidant property.
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Tiwari, Abhishek. "EVALUTION OF IN VITRO ANTI-ANGIOGENESIS ACTIVITY ON METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF Clematis buchaniana PLANT." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 10, no. 2 (February 1, 2017): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i2.15348.
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Objective: Angiogenesis plays an important role in embryonic development and various physiological processes. However, excessive angiogenesis is associated with several pathological conditions including cancer. Clematis is a genus of about 300 species within the buttercup family Ranunculaceae. It is native to the India, where has been used as folk medicine for the treatment of various ailments. This work is aimed to evaluate the antiangiogenesis activity in the crude methanolic extract of Clematis buchaniana plant.Methods: The entire aerial parts of C. buchaniana were extracted by soxhelation in methanol. Then, the solvent was evaporated to dryness to yield the dried crude extract of C. buchaniana. Then, the extract was subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening to determine the active constituents for effective pharmacological activity. The in-vitro antiangiogenesis effects were later evaluated using chorioallantoic membrane model carried out by incubation in fresh chicken’s eggs.Results: The crude methanolic extract of C. buchaniana was found to have slight ability to inhibit angiogenesis that was evaluated by visualization.Conclusion: C. buchaniana plant extract inhibits angiogenesis by blocking normal vascularization in chick embryo. The ability of inhibiting angiogenic process in eggs by this extract can provide us an herbal anticancer agent in future for further scrutiny.Keywords: Antiangiogenesis, Chorioallantoic membrane, Incubation, Angiogenesis, Clematis buchaniana, Methanolic extract.
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Janani, J., and Esther Lydia. "Total polyphenol content and minimum inhibitory concentration of pomegranate (Punica granatum Linn) extracts against oral microorganisms." Serbian Dental Journal 60, no. 4 (2013): 183–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sgs1304183j.
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Introduction. The prevalence of dental diseases in India is increasing. Antibiotic resistance exhibited by microbes has paved way for alternative therapy such as phytotherapy. Pomegranate (Punica granatum Linn) has been used as an alternative therapy in the treatment of many infections. The aim of this study was to assess polyphenol content and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of different parts of pomegranate against oral bacteria. Materials and Methods. Methanolic and aqueous extracts of seed, pith, rind and crude extract of pomegranate were prepared. Total polyphenol content was estimated by Folin-Ciocalciteu reagent using gallic acid as standard. MIC was assessed for four bacterial species and one fungal species. Results. Methanolic and aqueous extract of pomegranate pith showed high polyphenol content (805.6 g/meq of gallic acid) compared to other pomegranate part extracts. Methanolic and ethanolic seed extracts were effective against Staphylococcus aureus, crude extract of pomegranate was effective against Staphylococcus epidermis whereas methanolic and ethanolic rind extracts of pomegranate were effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans. Conclusion. All parts of pomegranate contain high polyphenol content and have antibacterial and antifungal activity. Pomegranate can be potential substitute for synthetic antibiotics against oral microorganisms.
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Ugwu, Godwin C., Chinagorom L. Okanya, Jude V. Egbuji, Jude I. Okwo, Emmanuel I. Nnamonu, and Joseph E. Eyo. "Comparative Nephroprotective Effects of Extracts of Buchholzia coriacea on some Biochemical Parameters in Carbon Tetrachloride-induced Toxicity in Rattus novergicus." Dhaka University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 17, no. 2 (December 4, 2018): 227–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v17i2.39180.
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Buchholzia coriacea (wonderful kola) is a medicinal plant that has been used worldwide as an alternative medication to promote human health. Comparative nephroprotective effects of crude seed powder, aqueous and methanolic extracts of B. coriacea in hepatotoxic rats was investigated for 56 days. The crude powder (BCCP), aqueous extract (BCAE) and methanolic extract (BCME) significantly reduced (p<0.05) the levels of creatinine and uric acid and decreased minimally throughout the treatment periods. Total protein increased significantly (p<0.05). Significant decrease (p<0.05) were observed with 200 mg/kg BCAE and BCCP respectively in urea and BUN levels. Noticeable nephroprotective effects may be attributed to the presence of phytochemicals like flavonoids and tannins which act as antioxidants. This study has demonstrated that B. coriacea crude seed powder, methanolic and aqueous extracts caused no adverse effect on the rat kidney and may be recommended for the management of nephrotoxicity
Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 17(2): 227-235, 2018 (December)
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Abu Bakar, Izza Nadira, Abdul Raffar Abdul Razak, Muhammad Nur Hakim Zulkifle, Nur Aliah Rosli, and Yeo Freddy Kuok San. "Antifungal Properties of Selected Medicinal Plant Species Against Fusarium spp. – A Preliminary Study." Borneo Journal of Resource Science and Technology 8, no. 2 (December 25, 2018): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/bjrst.1202.2018.
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Usage of synthetic fungicides has inevitably been one of the agricultural practices in combating crop pathogens and maintaining the quality of production. Although fungicides have been proven to be profoundly effective, excessive and frequent reliance on these synthetic fungicides have caused negative impacts to the environment and human health. Besides that, indiscriminate use of fungicides may lead to the development of resistant strains of pathogenic fungi. The need to find an alternative solution to synthetic fungicides has led to the interest in finding plant-based fungicides. This study aimed to test the antifungal properties of plant extracts from 13 different medicinal plant species towards plant pathogenic fungi. Absolute methanol was used as a solvent to extract the secondary metabolites from the different plant species. The effect of methanolic crude extract at different concentrations (500 g/ml, 250 g/ml and 100 g/ml), from different medicinal plant species, were tested on the growth of two Fusarium spp., FsB and FsP. The assay showed that the methanolic crude extract from six plant species viz. Alpinia galanga, Annona muricata, Archidendron jiringa, Nephelium lappaceum, Polygonum minus and Artocarpus hybrid (Nanchem) had successfully inhibit the radial mycelial growth of either FsB or FsP, or both. The assay suggested that the six plant species have antifungal properties towards the crop pathogenic fungi tested.
Keywords: antimicrobial, Fusarium, plant extracts, methanolic extracts, biofungicides
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Ugwu, Godwin C., Joseph Effiong Eyo, Jude Ifeanyi Egbuji, Chiemekam Ezechukwu, and Keziah Nwamaka Ibemenuga. "Comparative phytochemical and antioxidant profile of crude seed powder, aqueous and methanolic seed extracts of Buchholzia coriacea." International Journal of Phytomedicine 9, no. 4 (December 28, 2017): 558. http://dx.doi.org/10.5138/09750185.2117.
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<p>The increasing discovery of more medicinal plants have triggered increased scientific screening of their bioactivity in order to provide data that will help physicians and patients make wise decision before using them. This study was designed to elucidate comparative phytochemical and antioxidant properties of crude seed powder, aqueous and methanolic seed extracts of <em>Buchholzia coriacea.</em> The results showed that crude seed powder had the highest alkaloid and phenol content of 3.98 ± 0.00% and 0.92 ± 0.00%, while aqueous extract had the least alkaloid and phenol content of 1.00 ± 0.00% and 0.12 ± 0.00% respectively. Methanolic extracts had the highest phytochemical components among the three extracts with flavonoids (12.03 ± 0.0), saponins (1.99 ± 0.01), terpenoids (2.00 ± 0.00), tannin (0.10 ± 0.00) and phytate (2.02 ± 0.01) compositions, while aqueous extracts had the highest hydrogen cyanide (0.30 ± 0.00) and glycoside (0.35 ± 0.00). Antioxidant (DPPH) activities of <em>B. coriacea</em> showed that aqueous extract and crude seed powder had inhibition concentration (IC<sub>50</sub>) of 4.65 mg/ml while methanolic extract had IC<sub>50</sub> of 5.85 mg/ml. The result of the LD<sub>50</sub> of the extracts showed the each extracts was well tolerated at a dose of 5000 mg/kg, an indication of high safety profile. The study therefore clearly demonstrated that methanolic extracts of <em>B. coriacea</em> have antioxidant, antihypertensive, hypocholesterolmic and anticarcinogenic properties owing to the presence of high levels of phytochemical components than the aqueous and crude seed powder. </p>
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Elmi, Abdirahman, Rosella Spina, Arnaud Risler, Stéphanie Philippot, Ali Mérito, Raphaël E. Duval, Fatouma Mohamed Abdoul-latif, and Dominique Laurain-Mattar. "Evaluation of Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities, Cytotoxicity of Acacia seyal Del Bark Extracts and Isolated Compounds." Molecules 25, no. 10 (May 21, 2020): 2392. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25102392.
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Water extract of Acacia seyal bark is used traditionally by the population in Djibouti for its anti-infectious activity. The evaluation of in vitro antibacterial, antioxidant activities and cytotoxicity as well as chemical characterization of Acacia seyal bark water and methanolic extracts were presented. The water extract has a toxicity against the MRC-5 cells at 256 μg/mL while the methanolic extract has a weak toxicity at the same concentration. The methanolic extract has a strong antioxidant activity with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 150 ± 2.2 μg/mL using 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and IC50 of 27 ± 1.3 μg/mL using 2,2′-azino-bis 3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical methods. For ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) assay, the result is 45.74 ± 5.96 μg Vitamin C Equivalent (VCE)/g of dry weight (DW). The precipitation of tannins from methanol crude extract decreases the MIC from 64 µg/mL to 32 µg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus and Corynebacterium urealyticum. However, the antioxidant activity is higher before tannins precipitation than after (IC50 = 150 µg/mL for methanolic crude extract and 250 µg/mL after tannins precipitation determined by DPPH method). By matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) analysis, the results showed that the condensed tannins consist of two types of catechin and gallocatechin-based oligomers. The fractionation led to the identification of three pure compounds: two flavanols catechin and epicatechin; one triterpene as lupeol; and a mixture of three steroids and one fatty acid: campesterol, stigmasterol, clionasterol, and oleamide.
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Shah, Muhammad Abdur Rehman, Rahmat Ali Khan, and Mushtaq Ahmed. "Phytochemical assessment of Iphiona aucheri (Bioss.) Anderb. and its cytotoxic, antioxidant and antidiabetic activities." Bangladesh Journal of Botany 49, no. 4 (December 31, 2020): 913–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v49i4.52497.
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The presence of phytochemical constituents and estimation of total phenolic contents in Iphiona aucheri (Bioss.) Anderb. stem and assessment of their cytotoxic, total antioxidant and anti-diabetic activity were investigated. All fractions were assessed for phytochemicals, cytotoxic activity, total phenolic contents, antioxidant and anti-diabetic characteristics. Saponins, glycosides, protein and amino acids, carbohydrates and flavonoids were found in aqueous fraction and methanolic extract while they were absent in n-hexane fraction except glycosides and protein. The crude methanolic extract (70.3 ± 1.9%) revealed highest brine shrimp mortalities. Except n-hexane fraction others indicated considerable antioxidant activities via DPPH, ABTS•+ and H2O2 assays. Crude methanolic extract expressed higher inhibition of α-amylase (60.71 ± 0.89%) than glucophage (54.92 ± 0.56%). Non significant correlation of total phenolic contents with percentage antioxidant and anti-diabetic activities of crude methanolic extract and its various fractions was observed in all cases.
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Gambari, L. I., A. K. Musa, O. G. Baba, and S. F. Babatunde. "INSECTICIDAL AND REPELLENT ACTIVITIES OF CITRUSSINENSIS (L.) LEAF EXTRACT AGAINST TROGODERMA GRANARIUM EVERTS (COLEOPTERA: DERMASTIDAE IN STORED GROUNDNUT." FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES 5, no. 1 (June 25, 2021): 106–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2021-0501-542.
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Groundnut production has been reported to be threatened by storage insect pests which caused significant damage in storage. The repellent and efficacy activities of Citrus sinensis leaf extract were assessed on Trogoderma granarium in stored groundnut. The treatment was laid in a Completely Randomized Design with 3, 5, and 7% concentration level of methanolic and petroleum ether Extract for insecticidal activities. The results of C. sinensis leaf extract toxicity obtained was significant at 7% concentration at 24, 48 and 72 hours after treatment with 100% and 80% mortality in methanolic and Pet. ether extracts respectively in adults. Half disc experiment was carried out to determine the repellency activities with 1, 2, and 3% concentration of methanolic and pet. ether extract. It was observed that at 2HAT the insects moved towards the extract with the Index of Repellency of 1.13 at 3 % concentration for methanolic and pet ether extract, as the hours increase from 4 to 6HAT it was observed that the extract acted as repellant towards the insect with methanol and petroleum ether extract of 3 % concentration having the highest repellency index of 0.47. Petroleum ether at 1 % concentration with the value of 1.47, 1.40 and 1.20 repellency index across the 2, 4 and 6HAT showed that the extract remains an attractant towards T. granarium. The results obtained from this study is an indication of the potential of methanolic and petroleum ether crude extract of C. sinensis in groundnut storage
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Ahmed, Mushtaq, Zafer Ullah Wazir, Rahmat Ali Khan, Mohammed Imran Khan, Syed Waqas, and Asif Iqbal. "Pharmacological evaluation of crude methanolic extract ofKalanchoe pinnataleaves." Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry 95, no. 9 (October 2013): 1539–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02772248.2013.846569.
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., Abdullah. "Exploration of Hepatoprotective Potential and Phytochemicals of Ziziphus oxyphylla Edgew." Pakistan Veterinary Journal 40, no. 04 (December 1, 2020): 431–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.29261/pakvetj/2020.054.
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Ziziphus oxyphylla Edgew (ZO) has been traditionally used for the treatment of hepatic diseases in Pakistan. The current study was carried out to investigate the effectiveness and mechanism underlying hepatoprotective effect of ZO. Hepatoprotective potential of root extracts (crude methanolic extract and subsequent fractions) was investigated against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced hepatotoxicity in BALB/c mice via determination of serum biomarkers, antioxidant enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase), lipid peroxidation and histopathology. Membrane stabilizing activity was determined via inhibition of hypotonic solution and heat-induced hemolysis. Crude methanolic extract and chloroform fraction ameliorated CCl4 induced elevated levels of alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total proteins (TP), total bilirubin (TB) and reversed the antioxidants imbalance in terms of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) level. Crude methanol extract inhibited hemolysis induced by hypotonic solution and heat. Histopathological examination of liver specimens of extracts administered mice exhibited recovery from CCl4 induced pathological changes. Moreover, CCl4 induced alteration in body and liver weight was countered by the administration of ZO. Compounds betulinic acid (AZO1), ceanothic acid (AZO2) and zizybrenalic acid (AZO3) were isolated from chloroform fraction of the plant. The structures of compounds were deduced using 1D-and 2D-NMR spectroscopy techniques. The results show that Ziziphus oxyphylla roots extract possess antihepatotoxic activity mediated by the protection of anti-oxidant defense system and membrane-stabilizing activity, probably due to the presence of pentacyclic triterpenes
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Haque, Md Anwarul, Ashish Kumar Sarker, Ratan Kumar Paul, Sultana Shakila Khan, and Md Anwar Ul Islam. "Screening for antiparasitic activity of crude extracts of Pleurotus highking, a Bangladeshi edible mushroom." Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 18, no. 1 (June 1, 2015): 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bpj.v18i1.23512.
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Compounds obtained from natural sources play significant role to identify various novel drug molecules. This study was designed to investigate parasitic susceptibility of methanolic extract from the Pleurotus highking, an edible mushroom commercially cultivated in Bangladesh against Pheretima posthuma. Extraction was carried out by continuous hot percolation method using methanol as a solvent. Four concentrations (10, 20, 40 and 80 mg/ml) of the extract were used for screening and results were expressed in terms of the time paralysis and death of worms. The extract exhibited promising antiparasitic activity at the concentration of 80 mg/ml. Albendazole and distilled water were used as reference standard and control, respectively. The extract showed its activity in the dose and time dependent manner. This is the first report of the antiparasitic activity of methanolic extract of P. highking.Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 18(1): 38-41, 2015
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Waghulde, Sandeep, Mohan K. Kale, and Vijay R. Patil. "Microwave Assisted Extraction, Fractionation, Total Phenolic and Flavanoid Estimation and Antioxidant Potential of Annona reticulate Leaves." Proceedings 41, no. 1 (November 14, 2019): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-23-06608.
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The present study focuses on the microwave assisted extraction of Annona reticulata leaves in ethanol. The extract obtained was subjected to column chromatography and the fractionation was done to get different fractions. Preliminary phytochemical screening was done and the fractions were subjected to total phenolic and flavanoid content estimation. The crude extract contained 502 mg GAE/100 g of phenolic content and among the fractions AM8 contained the maximum amount of phenolic content that is 360 mg GAE/100 g. The flavanoid content present in the crude extract of the Annona reticulata was found to be 127 mg QE/100 g. Among all the tested fractions, the fraction AM8 showed more flavanoids i.e., 112 mg QE/100 g and 118 AN/100 g. The antioxidant activity has been studied in-vitro by using DPPH, hydrogen peroxide assay. DPPH, H2O2 and Nitric-oxide scavenging effect of Annona reticulata L. leaf extracts were found to be dose dependant with maximum inhibition at highest concentration. Methanolic extract of the leaves of Annona reticulata Linn. is found to have most potent anti-oxidant activity in DPPH, H2O2 Radical scavenging methods. IC50 value DPPH and H2O2 inhibition of methanolic extract at highest concentration (400 μg/mL) are 62.58 ± 1.15, 68.27 ± 1.05 and 64.01 ± 1.02. The results suggest that all the tested extracts are having antioxidant property, but the methanol is having significantly higher flavonoid and phenol content. Due to presence of higher flavonoid and phenol content in methanol, it may be considered as the fraction with better pharmacological property in comparison to other tested extracts.
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Ibrahim, Darah, Lim Sheh Hong, and Ninthianantham Kuppan. "Antimicrobial Activity of Crude Methanolic Extract from Phyllanthus niruri." Natural Product Communications 8, no. 4 (April 2013): 1934578X1300800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1300800422.
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The antibacterial efficiency of the methanolic extract of Phyllanthus niruri Linn. was investigated against pathogenic bacteria responsible for common infections of skin, and urinary and gastrointestinal tracts. The extract demonstrated antibacterial activities against all the Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria tested. The results obtained suggested that at higher concentrations the extract would eradicate the growth of bacterial cells. The bacterial cells, after exposure to the extract, showed complete alteration in their morphology, followed by collapse of the cells beyond repair. The study revealed that the methanolic extract of P. niruri may be an effective antibacterial agent to treat bacterial infections since the extract exhibited significant antimicrobial potency, comparable with that of the standard antibiotic chloramphenicol.
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Khan, Mohammad Shaheen, Samina Khan Yusufzai, Lim Yi Ying, and Wan Zulnashriq. "GC-MS BASED CHEMICAL PROFILING AND EVALUATION OF ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIAL OF LEAVES AND STEMS OF ALTERNANTHERA SESSILIS RED FROM SABAH, MALAYSIA." International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 10, no. 7 (July 1, 2018): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2018v10i7.25204.
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Objectives: The aim of the current study was to perform phytochemical screening and determination of total phenolics, total flavonoids and antioxidant activity of various crude extracts of Alternanthera sessilis red leaves.Methods: Determination of antioxidant nature of Alternanthera sessilis red was carried out by DPPH radical scavenging method. GC-MS analysis of various crude extracts resulted in the presence of different types of low and high molecular weight compounds consisting of carbohydrates, fatty acid and vitamins.Results: Among all the extracts, methanol extracts exhibited higher DPPH radical scavenging activity with IC50 value of 0.183 mg/ml. BHT used as the positive control showed IC50 value of 0.089 mg/mL. The results suggested that the crudes extracts of Alternanthera sessilis red exhibit moderate antioxidant activity. The total phenolic content (279.8 ± 0.02 mg GAE/g) and total flavonoid content (250.7 ± 0.03 mg QE/g) in methanol was estimated higher as compared to other solvents.Conclusion: The total flavonoid content and total phenolic content were found to be higher in methanolic extract followed by ethyl acetate and hexane extracts.
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Hashim, N. A., H. Ya'akob, M. N. M. Rosdi, N. A. Zainol, F. Husin, H. H. Soib, and N. F. Norhisham. "Antioxidant properties of extracts and SPE fractions from Annona muricata leaves." Food Research 4, S2 (April 16, 2020): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.26656/fr.2017.4(s2).s02.
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Annona muricata L. (Magnoliales: Annonaceae) is a tropical plant species known for its edible fruit and well known for the medicinal value. In this study, the antioxidant properties of A. muricata leaves is evaluated for different extracts and fractions. The airdried leaves of A. muricata leaves were successively extracted with n-hexane and methanol. The methanolic crude extract was further semi-purified by utilizing solid-phase extraction (SPE) in a mixture of mobile phase aqueous: methanol to methanol and resulted in four semi-purified fractions (ALM 1 – ALM 4). Antioxidant properties of extracts and fractions were evaluated by free radical scavenging activity against 1,1-Diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals comparing with standard ascorbic acid, quercetin, and catechin. Results indicated that methanolic extracts showed exceptionally higher radical scavenging activity compared with n-hexane crude extract with IC50 44.21 µg/mL and 302.41 µg/mL, respectively. Meanwhile, fractions ALM 2 (aqueous: methanol; 50: 50) exhibited the highest scavenging activity with the IC50 of 12.46 µg/mL followed by ALM 1 (aqueous: methanol; 80: 20) with 51.44 µg/mL, ALM 3 (aqueous: methanol; 20: 80) with 54.39 µg/mL and ALM 4 (100% methanol) with 89.02 µg/mL, respectively. In conclusion, ALM 2 could be potentially applied as a natural antioxidant agent in both food, nutraceuticals or pharmaceuticals fields for health promotion. However, ALM 2 has to be further purified to study the constituents which possibly condensed mainly with phenolic and flavonoids that known to possess the highest antioxidant effects.
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Islam, Salman Ul, Muhammad Bilal Ahmed, Adeeb Shehzad, and Young Sup Lee. "Methanolic Extract ofArtemia salinaEggs and Various Fractions in Different Solvents Contain Potent Compounds That Decrease Cell Viability of Colon and Skin Cancer Cell Lines and Show Antibacterial Activity againstPseudomonas aeruginosa." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2019 (May 6, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9528256.
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Artemia salina,crustaceans of class Branchiopoda and order Anostraca, are living and reproducing only in highly saline natural lakes and in other reservoirs where sea water is evaporated to produce salt.Artemia salinaeggs can be purchased from pet stores, where they are sold as tropical fish food and a ready source for hatching shrimp. In the current study, methanolic crude extracts and various fractions ofArtemia salinaeggs extracted in other solvents were tested for effects on cell viability of human colorectal cancer cells (HCT116) and melanoma cells (B16F10) using an MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. A methanolic crude extract of eggs was obtained by cold maceration, followed by fractionation to obtain hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and aqueous fractions. The methanolic crude extract decreased cell viability of HCT-116 and B16F10 cell lines at higher concentrations. The other fractions were evaluated using a cell viability assay, and chloroform and hexane showed the highest activity at significantly lower concentrations than did the methanolic fraction. Full scan profiles of the methanolic crude extract and the chloroform and hexane fractions were obtained by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and the resultant compounds were identified by comparing their spectral data to those available in spectral matching libraries. ROS generation assay, flow cytometry, and western blot analysis provided supporting evidence that the hexane and chloroform fractions induced cell death in HCT116 and B16-F10 cell lines. All fractions were further tested for antibacterial activity againstPseudomonas aeruginosa, among which the hexane fraction showed the highest zone of inhibition on LB nutrient agar plates. This study demonstrated promising anticancer and antibacterial effects ofArtemia salinaegg extracts. Our results suggest that pure bioactive compounds obtained fromArtemia salinaeggs can provide new insights into the mechanisms of colon and skin cancer, as well asPseudomonas aeruginosainhibition.
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Rinai, K. R., I. S. Ismail, Son R., C. Y. New, and Y. Rukayadi. "Antibacterial and antioxidant activities of Homalomena josefii P.C. Boyce and S.Y. Wong rhizome extract." Food Research 4, no. 6 (September 8, 2020): 2122–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.26656/fr.2017.4(6).278.
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The rhizome of Homalomena josefii P.C. Boyce and S.Y. Wong is commonly used in Borneo folk medicine. It is potent in treating stomach aches, headaches, and snake bites. The lack of information about their biological activities leads to an investigation to determine its antibacterial and antioxidant activities of H. josefii rhizome extract. This study aimed to ascertain antibacterial activity in opposition to foodborne pathogens namely Bacillus megaterium ATCC14581, Bacillus pumilus ATCC14884, Proteus mirabilis ATCC21100 and Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC13773 and its antioxidant properties of H. josefii rhizome extracts. Extraction of dried powdered H. josefii rhizome was carried out through the maceration method using methanol as a solvent to produce crude extracts. The crude extracts were then tested for antibacterial and antioxidant activities. The antibacterial activity was conducted in terms of disc diffusion assay (DDA), minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and time-kill assay. All were performed following the Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) procedure to ensure liable results. Total phenolic compounds (TPC) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) scavenging assay were used to stimulate the antioxidant activity. The results show that DDA inhibition zone of the methanolic extracts ranged from 9.00±0.58 to 10.00±0.00 mm. The extract was able to inhibit the growth of all tested bacteria with MICs value ranging from 0.31 to 5.00 mg/mL. Meanwhile, the extract is able to kill all tested bacteria with MBC values that range from 0.63 to 5.00 mg/mL. Time-kill assay curve analysis results showed that the extract was able to completely kill the bacterial growth at 4 × MIC for 4 hours. The total phenolic compound (TPC) of methanolic extract was 435.138 mg GAE/g and IC50 of the extract was 11.809 μg/mL. In conclusion, the methanolic extract of H. josefii rhizome extract exhibited antibacterial and antioxidant activities, thus it can further be developed as a natural preservative.
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Abu, Farahziela, Che Norma Mat Taib, Mohamad Aris Mohd Moklas, and Sobri Mohd Akhir. "Antioxidant Properties of Crude Extract, Partition Extract, and Fermented Medium of Dendrobium sabin Flower." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2017 (2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/2907219.
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Antioxidant properties of crude extract, partition extract, and fermented medium from Dendrobium sabin (DS) flower were investigated. The oven-dried DS flower was extracted using 100% methanol (w/v), 100% ethanol (w/v), and 100% water (w/v). The 100% methanolic crude extract showed the highest total phenolic content (40.33 ± mg GAE/g extract) and the best antioxidant properties as shown by DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays. A correlation relationship between antioxidant activity and total phenolic content showed that phenolic compounds were the dominant antioxidant components in this flower extract. The microbial fermentation on DS flower medium showed a potential in increasing the phenolic content and DPPH scavenging activity. The TPC of final fermented medium showed approximately 18% increment, while the DPPH of fermented medium increased significantly to approximately 80% at the end of the fermentation. Dendrobium sabin (DS) flower showed very good potential properties of antioxidant in crude extract and partition extract as well as better antioxidant activity in the flower fermented medium.
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Mohamad Zainurin, Mohamad Nadzrin, Nurfitri Harman, and Lo Chor Wai. "Allelopathic Potential of Etlingera coccinea (B.) Sakai & Nagam on Seed Germination and Growth of Mung Bean and Siam Weed." Science Letters 15, no. 2 (June 15, 2021): 79–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/sl.v15i2.13829.
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Etlingera coccinea, a native Borneon Zingiberaceae are found to exert allelopathic effect on some weed species. The objective of this study is to investigate the allelopathic effects of hexane (80%), methanol (80%), ethyl acetate (80%) extracts from the dried powder of both stem and leaf of E. coccinea on mung bean (Vigna radiata) and Siam weed (Chromolaena odorata). The phytochemical screening of both stem and leaf crude extracts elicited saponin, tannin, flavonoid, and terpenoid, which are targeted bioactive compounds for allelopathy. The allelopathic activity was assessed by evaluating their effects on seed germination and percentage of radicle and shoot growth. The results showed that both stem and leaf extracts have a suppressive effect on the mung bean development during in-vitro bioassay. The methanolic extracts of both stem and leaf showed the most significant suppression (100%) than other solvent extracts. In the pot experiment, the methanolic stem extracts suppressed the Siam weed’s germination by 57 ± 0.13% and the methanolic leaf extracts suppressed the growth by 46 ± 0.29%. The present study shows that E. coccinea methanolic extract has the potential as bio-herbicide.
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Amarowicz, R., Z. Zegarska, B. Pegg R, M. Karamac, and A. Kosinska. "Antioxidant and radical scavenging activities of a barley crude extract and its fraction." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 25, No. 2 (January 7, 2008): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/755-cjfs.
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Phenolic compounds were extracted from the Candle variety of hull-less waxy barley with 80% (v/v) methanol to yield a crude preparation. Seven fractions (I−VII) were separated from the barley extract so obtained on a Sephadex LH-20 column using methanol as the mobile phase. Nearly 80% of the phenolics extracted from barley were comprised in the first three fractions. The measurements of the antioxidant activity using a β-carotene-linoleate model system, radical scavenging capacity against DPP•, and reducing power based on the reduction of a Fe<sup>3+</sup>/K<sub>3</sub>Fe(CN)<sub>6</sub> complex to the ferrous state were assessed in the barley crude extract and its fractions. The results indicated that barley possess marked antioxidant and antiradical capacities as compared to other grains such as wheat, rye, and triticale. Furthermore, the methanolic extract of the waxy barley sample and its fractions resembled in the aforementioned activities those from leguminous seeds, rapeseed and pulses. Phenolic constituents contained in barley may have a future role as ingredients in the development of functional foods.
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Ullah, Rafi, Jehan Bakht, and Mohammad Shafi. "Antimicrobial and anti-oxidant potential of Periploca hydaspidis." Bangladesh Journal of Pharmacology 10, no. 3 (July 16, 2015): 645. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjp.v10i3.23444.
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<p>The present study investigates antimicrobial and anti-oxidant potential of different solvent extracted samples from <em>Periploca hydaspidis </em>through disc diffusion assay. The data revealed that all the extracts reduced the growth of the tested microbes using three different concentrations. <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa </em>and <em>E. coli</em> were sensitive to crude extracts and all fractions measuring varying degree of growth inhibition. Similarly, the growth of <em>Citrobacter freundii</em> was not inhibited by crude methanolic extracts, n-hexane, ethyl acetate and aqueous extracted samples. Maximum growth inhibition was measured against <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em> exposed to aqueous fraction followed by n-hexane fraction. Our results also suggested that among various fungi, <em>Candida albicans</em> was sensitive to crude methanolic extracts, n-hexane and aqueous fractions compared with other fractions. The rest of the fungi under test were resistant to crude and all fractions showing no zone of inhibition. All the extracted samples of the stems and roots showed antioxidant activity, however, crude methanolic extract of stem tissues exhibited better antioxidant activity than the other extracts.</p>
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Houcher, Zahira, Khaouther Boudiaf, Mustapha Benboubetra, and Bakhouche Houcher. "Effects of Methanolic Extract and Commercial Oil of Nigella sativa L. on Blood Glucose and Antioxidant Capacity in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats." Pteridines 18, no. 1 (February 2007): 8–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pteridines.2007.18.1.8.
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AbstractNigella sativa is a medicinal plant widely used in the Arabic and Islamic world against a number of human pathologies. In this present study the methanol extraction (85 % then 50 %) of plant seeds gave an important yield of 27 % of dry substance. The anti-hyperglycaemia effect of the crude methanolic extract and the commercial oil of these seeds were tested in alloxan-induced, intra peritoneal, diabetic rats (150 mg/kg). Effects of these two substances on other diabetes-linked factors such as the reducing power of the plasma and the osmotic fragility of erythrocytes. The daily orally administration of the crude methanolic extract (810 mg/kg/day) and the oil (2.5 ml/kg/day) for 25 days leads to a significant decrease of glycaemia, especially during the first 10 days of treatment (decreases of 58.09 and 73.27 % respectively). However, the dose of 270 mg/kg of crude methanolic extract had no effect, which is probably due to the low dose. In addition the antioxidant capacity, measured by the ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) technique, increased in all diabetic rats and the introduction of either the crude methanolic extract or the oil fraction showed any improvement on this factor. However, a slight resistance, not reaching significance, against the osmotic fragility of erythrocytes was induced in diabetic rats. The antihyperglycaemic effect of both substances is not related to inhibition of intestinal glucose absorption or stimulation of insulin secretion. We suggest that the action is a result of the inhibition of enzymes involved in the neoglucogenesis pathway in the liver. As shown the stress associated with the metabolic perturbation observed in diabetes induces a physiological anti-oxidant response, which probably masks the antioxidant effect of our two substances of this medicinal plant.
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WASIULLAH, W., Saleem JAN, A. A. SHAD, A. BASIT, and F. ULLAH. "PHYTOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION AND PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF HELIOTROPIUM CURASSAVICUM LINN." Latin American Applied Research - An international journal 49, no. 2 (March 29, 2019): 105–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.52292/j.laar.2019.369.
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The current study was focused on the phytochemical investigation and pharmacological activities of the various fractions (methanolic crude, defatted methanolic, n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethylacetate and water) of H. curassavicum. The various plant extracts were examined for the total phenolic contents by taking Gallic acid as a standard, antioxidant scavenging assay by using DPPH (2, 2diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazy) & ABTS [2, 2-azinobis (3ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)] free radicals, antifungal assay by using Terbinafine solution in DMSO as positive control and pure DMSO as negative control and in-vitro antibacterial activity. Methanolic crude extract showed high phenolic contents and significant antioxidant activity (both DPPH & ABTS). All other fractions were also found to have significant potential.
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Amanlou, M., M. R. Fazeli, A. Arvin, H. G. Amin, and H. Farsam. "Antimicrobial activity of crude methanolic extract of Satureja khuzistanica." Fitoterapia 75, no. 7-8 (December 2004): 768–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2004.09.005.
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Asokan, Ardra, and Dr M. Thangavel. "Invitro Cytotoxic Studies of crude methanolic extract of Saraca indica bark extract." IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences 9, no. 4 (2014): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/3008-09412630.
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Mizan, MRB, Kamrunnahar, and MAK Azad. "Antibacterial Activity of Bohera (Terminaliabellirica) Extract against Dental Carries Causing Bacteria Streptococcus mutans." Journal of Environmental Science and Natural Resources 10, no. 2 (November 29, 2018): 117–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v10i2.39024.
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Dental caries is very common to people of Bangladesh. The treatment of dental carries is very expensive so alternative lowcost option from plant products are important for the rural people. Bohera (Terminaliabellirica) is known to people for its medicinal values. The antibacterial activity of methanolic extracts of bohera bark and fruits were tested against dental caries causing bacteria Streptococcus mutans. It was found that crude extracts of both bark and fruits of bohera have the antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans. The crude extract was purified with sillica gel (230-300mesh)with gradient elution of methanol, ethanol and chloroform. The purified extract of bohera also showed strong antibacterial activity against dental caries causing bacteria Streptococcus mutans. The rural people of Bangladesh may use the barks and fruits of bohera to control the dental caries problem locally.J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 10(2): 117-120 2017
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Siddiqui, Rokeya, Md Masud Alam, Mohammad Ruhul Amin, AFM Shahid Ud Daula, and MM Hossain. "Screening of antimicrobial potential and brine shrimp lethality bioassay of the whole plant extract of Spilanthes paniculata Wall. ex DC." Stamford Journal of Microbiology 3, no. 1 (March 26, 2015): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sjm.v3i1.22743.
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Bangladesh possesses a rich flora of medicinal plant. Out of the estimated 5000 species of phanerogams and pteridophytes growing in this country, more than a thousand are regarded as having medicinal properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial activity and brine shrimp lethality of the whole plant extracts of Spilanthes paniculata, a plant belonging to the family Asteraceae. The crude extract, n-Hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate soluble fraction of crude extract showed significant to moderate antimicrobial activity against three Gram positive and three Gram negative microorganisms. The zones of inhibition produced by the crude extract (methanolic extract), n-hexane, choloform and ethyl acetate soluble fractions were found to be 14.89 mm-19.40 mm, 14 mm-19.40 mm, 10.66 mm-13.50 mm and 9.50 mm-13.26 mm, consecutively at a concentration of 30 µg/disc. N-Hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate soluble fractions of methanolic extract of Spilanthes paniculata were screened for antitumor properties using brine shrimp lethality bioassay. From the results of the brine shrimp lethality bioassay, it can be well predicted that n-hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate soluble fractions of methanolic extract possess mild cytotoxicity on shrimp naupalii. The median lethal concentration (LC50, the concentration at which 50% mortality of brine shrimp nauplii occurred) of n-hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate were 48.978 mg/ml, 92.61 mg/ml and 216.770 mg/ml, respectively, comparison with positive control vincristine sulphate with 0.839 mg/ml. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sjm.v3i1.22743 Stamford Journal of Microbiology, Vol.3(1) 2013: 1-5
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Hagazy, Kalay, Gereziher G. Sibhat, Aman Karim, Gebretsadkan H. Tekulu, Gomathi Periasamy, and Mebrahtom G. Hiben. "Antimalarial Activity of Meriandra dianthera Leaf Extracts in Plasmodium berghei-Infected Mice." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2020 (February 12, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8980212.
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Objective. To evaluate the antimalarial effect of aqueous methanolic extract and solvent fractions of Meriandra dianthera leaves against Plasmodium berghei in mice model. Method. M. dianthera leaves were extracted with 80% methanol and dried. The dried crude extract was then defatted and further fractionated with chloroform, ethyl acetate, and butanol. Acute oral toxicity test was performed as per the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development guideline 425. Peter’s 4-day suppressive test was used to determine the in vivo antimalarial activity of the extract and fractions. Result. The crude leaf extract of Meriandra dianthera showed parasite inhibition of 42.28% and 45.52% at doses of 400 and 600 mg/kg, respectively, as compared to the negative control. Moreover, the mice which received chloroform and aqueous fractions at the dose of 400 mg/kg/day showed significant (P<0.001) chemosuppression compared to the negative control. Both the extract and fractions were able to prevent P. berghei induced body weight loss and body temperature reduction and also increased the survival time of the mice as compared to the negative control. The aqueous methanolic leaf extract of M. dianthera showed no gross signs of toxicity or mortality in mice until a single oral dose of 2000 mg/kg. Conclusion. The extracts of M. dianthera leaves showed promising antimalarial activity, with no sign of toxicity and therefore may support its traditional use for the treatment of malaria.
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Johari, Mas Athira, and Heng Yen Khong. "Total Phenolic Content and Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Pereskia bleo." Advances in Pharmacological Sciences 2019 (January 2, 2019): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7428593.
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Different solvent extracts of Pereskia bleo leaves were evaluated for total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activities based on the Folin–Ciocalteu test and DPPH scavenging activities. The antibacterial activities against four bacteria, namely, Gram-positive bacteria: Streptococcus pyogenes ATCC 19615 (SP) and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29737 (SA) and Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 10536 (EC) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027 (PA), were also performed based on the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assays. The findings demonstrated that both the methanolic and chloroform extracts displayed strong activities against SA, SP, EC, and PA while the hexane extract demonstrated the weakest activities towards all the four bacteria. The methanolic extract also exhibited higher TPC and possessed higher antioxidant activity with the IC50 value 33.83 µg/mL compared to the chloroform and hexane extracts. As such, the methanolic extract has a higher ability to scavenge free radical compared to other extracts. Due to the interesting result, activities are shown by the methanolic and chloroform crude extracts of P. bleo; hence, the study has been extended to the isolation of bioactive compounds to uncover its great potential as a natural source for antibacterial and antioxidant agents.